Plasma blasting equipment for hard rock tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to hard rock tunnel plasma blasting equipment which comprises a rod-shaped electrode used for generating plasma, the outer ring of the electrode is sleeved with an insulating tube, one end of the insulating tube is provided with a supporting assembly, and the supporting assembly is used for fixing the electrode and the insulating tube in a blasting hole. The supporting assembly comprises a supporting plate connected to the insulating tube; according to the designed plasma blasting equipment, the multiple arranged inserting rods are matched with the extending plate, the electrodes can be fixed in the blasting holes which are inclined downwards, the electrodes are stably installed in the blasting holes, and meanwhile according to the depth of the blasting holes, the distance between the extending plate and the blasting face is adjusted by rotating the inserting pipes; for the condition that the surface of the blasting surface is uneven, the distance between the end of the inserting pipe and the extending plates can be adjusted by rotating the inserting pipe, so that the extending plates are all located on the same face, and the electrode and the insulating pipe are stabilized in the blasting hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to hard rock tunnel plasma blasting equipment. Background Art

[0002] Although traditional mechanical drilling tools are simple and flexible to operate, they have slow excavation speeds and low efficiency in high-strength rocks, severe drill bit wear and high maintenance costs. Although the drilling and blasting method can adapt to a variety of complex geological conditions, it causes great disturbance to the surrounding rock, lacks directional accuracy, and can easily lead to safety hazards such as tunnel water inrush and surrounding rock instability.

[0003] In recent years, plasma blasting technology has gradually attracted attention as a non-explosive, low-disturbance, high-precision rock crushing method. This technology uses the high-temperature and high-pressure environment generated by plasma to rapidly crack and crush rocks, achieving efficient tunneling. By over-adjusting parameters such as output voltage and current, it can achieve on-demand rock crushing based on actual rock conditions and engineering requirements, thereby precisely controlling the release of energy, avoiding unnecessary damage or energy waste in unbroken areas, and effectively addressing surrounding rock deformation and tunnel stability issues. It does not rely on chemical explosives, avoids the emission of harmful gases, and significantly reduces the vibration and noise generated during the blasting process, with minimal disturbance to the surrounding rock and the surrounding environment.

[0004] Plasma blasting technology involves inserting a rod-shaped electrode into a blasting hole. The electrode is energized and, in conjunction with the electrolyte in the blasting hole, converts the electrolyte into high-pressure, high-temperature plasma gas. The gas rapidly expands, generating a powerful shock wave, similar to the blasting effect of explosives, thereby achieving the purpose of breaking hard rock.

[0005] Before plasma blasting, multiple blasting holes need to be drilled on the blasting surface using a drilling rig. The blasting holes need to be specifically opened according to the rock position inside the blasting surface. Some blasting holes are tilted downward. After installing the electrode in the downward-tilted blasting hole, the stability of the electrode needs to be considered. Otherwise, after the electrode is installed, it will fall off under the action of its own gravity, or the vibration generated by the surrounding blasting holes will vibrate the electrode off.

[0006] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a hard rock tunnel plasma blasting device is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: the plasma blasting equipment for hard rock tunnels described in the present invention includes a rod-shaped electrode for generating plasma, an outer ring of the electrode is provided with an insulating tube, one end of the insulating tube is provided with a support assembly, the support assembly is used to fix the electrode and the insulating tube in the blasting hole, and the support assembly includes a support plate connected to the insulating tube, the support plate is arranged in a "Y" shape, each end surface of the support plate is provided with a No. 1 hole, each end of the support plate is provided with an extension plate, one end of the extension plate is provided with a No. 2 hole, the other end of the extension plate is fixedly connected to a threaded barrel, the inner thread of the threaded barrel is connected to a cannula, and the cannula is used to be inserted into the blasting hole;

[0009] A pressing plate of the same shape as the supporting plate is provided on the supporting plate, and an insertion rod is provided on each end surface of the pressing plate, and the insertion rod is inserted into the No. 1 hole and the No. 2 hole;

[0010] A fastening nut is provided on the pressing plate, and the fastening nut is threadedly connected to the insulating tube.

[0011] Preferably, a support portion is provided on the outer ring of the insulating tube, the support portion is provided close to one end of the insulating tube, and a groove coaxial with the insulating tube is provided on the end surface of the support portion, a support spring is provided in the groove, and a plurality of fixing holes are also provided in a circumferential array on the end surface of the support portion, and the fixing holes are provided outside the groove;

[0012] The middle of the support plate is sleeved on the outer ring of the insulating tube, the end of the support spring is against the lower surface of the support plate, and a fixing pin is fixed to the lower surface of the support plate, and the fixing pin is embedded in the fixing hole.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of recesses are provided on the outer surface of the insulating tube, the recesses are arranged close to the other end of the insulating tube, and a rectangular frame is provided in each recess, a wheel body is rotatably connected in the rectangular frame, and both ends of the rectangular frame are connected to the inner wall of the recess through a plurality of reset springs.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of annular grooves are radially provided on the outer surface of the insulating tube, and a ring-shaped capsule is provided in each annular groove, and the capsule is connected to an external air pump through an air pipe;

[0015] The outer surface of the insulating tube is also provided with a plurality of spray holes, which are connected to an external liquid pump through a liquid pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the cannula includes an outer tube body and an inner push rod, the outer surface of the tube body is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped windows, the windows are arranged along the length direction of the tube body, each window is provided with a top plate, one end of the top plate is rotatably connected to the bottom of the window through a torsion spring;

[0017] The thread of the push rod passes through the upper end of the tube body and extends to the inside of the tube body. The outer ring of the push rod is rotatably connected to an inclined block, which is slidably connected in the window. When the push rod is rotated, the push rod drives the inclined block to squeeze the top plate in the window, and the other end of the top plate is pressed against the inner wall of the blasting hole.

[0018] Preferably, each extension plate comprises a fixed plate, an extension rod and a movable plate;

[0019] One end of the fixed plate is connected between the pressure plate and the support plate, and the other end surface of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to two symmetrically arranged extension rods. The ends of the extension rods are slidably connected to the sliding holes opened on one end surface of the movable plate, and the other end of the movable plate is fixedly connected to a threaded cylinder.

[0020] Preferably, a support seat is provided on the other end surface of the fixed plate; a U-shaped plate is provided at the fixed position of the movable plate and the threaded barrel, the opening of the U-shaped plate faces the threaded barrel, and a screw is provided between the support seat and the U-shaped plate, the screw slides and passes through the support seat, and the screw is threadedly connected in the U-shaped plate;

[0021] Multiple groups of bayonet holes are provided on two adjacent extension rods; a recess is provided on the other end face of the fixing plate, and two symmetrical clamping blocks are provided in the recess, and the clamping blocks are connected to the inner wall of the recess through spring pieces, and protrusions adapted to the bayonet holes are provided on the outer walls of the two adjacent clamping blocks;

[0022] A top block is rotatably connected to the screw rod. The top block extends between two adjacent extension rods and is used for expanding and supporting two adjacent clamping blocks and squeezing the protrusion into the clamping port.

[0023] Preferably, a plurality of strip-shaped clearance openings are provided on the outer surface of the tube body, the clearance openings are arranged along the length direction of the tube body, and the clearance openings are arranged close to the upper end of the tube body;

[0024] An extrusion block is provided in the U-shaped plate. The extrusion block is rotatably connected to the end of the screw rod. The extrusion block extends from the clearance port into the tube body and is extruded on the surface of the push rod.

[0025] Preferably, each No. 2 hole has a spherical body in the ball joint, a through hole is provided on the spherical body, and the insertion rod is inserted into the through hole.

[0026] Preferably, a plurality of relief grooves are provided on the outer wall of the support portion, and the gas pipe and the liquid pipe extend out of the blasting hole along the relief grooves.

[0027] The present invention is beneficial in that:

[0028] 1. In the present invention, the plasma blasting equipment is designed, and multiple insertion rods are provided in combination with extension plates, which can fix the electrode in a blasting hole that is tilted downward, and stably install the electrode in the blasting hole. At the same time, according to the depth of the blasting hole, the distance between the extension plate and the blasting surface is adjusted by rotating the insertion tube, thereby adjusting the depth of the electrode inserted into the blasting hole. In the case of an uneven surface of the blasting surface, the distance between the insertion tube end and the extension plate can also be adjusted by rotating the insertion tube, so that the multiple extension plates are all on the same surface, and the electrode together with the insulating tube is stabilized in the blasting hole.

[0029] 2. In the present invention, the designed bladder can fully seal the electrolyte in the blasting hole, ensuring that sufficient electrolyte is converted into high-pressure, high-temperature plasma gas, thereby ensuring the plasma blasting effect; at the same time, the insulating tube can also be temporarily fixed in the blasting hole. This design can reduce the link of manual support of the insulating tube, reduce manpower input and reduce costs in the plasma blasting construction link. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A first perspective perspective view of the plasma blasting device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A second perspective view of the plasma blasting device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a left side view of the plasma blasting device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of the cooperation between the insulating tube and the electrode in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 A perspective view of the cannula according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of the support plate of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the cooperation between the wheel body and the rectangular frame in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 A perspective view of the ejector pin of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 is a top view of the extension plate of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the extension plate in the present invention.

[0040] Figure: 1, electrode; 2, insulating tube; 3, support plate; 4, hole No. 1; 5, extension plate; 6, hole No. 2; 7, threaded barrel; 8, cannula; 9, pressure plate; 10, insertion rod; 11, fastening nut; 12, support portion; 13, support spring; 14, fixing hole; 15, fixing pin; 16, recess; 17, rectangular frame; 18, wheel body; 19, return spring; 20, capsule; 21, gas Tube; 22, spray hole; 23, liquid pipe; 24, tube body; 25, ejector pin; 26, window; 27, top plate; 28, inclined block; 29, fixed plate; 30, extension rod; 31, movable plate; 32, support seat; 33, U-shaped plate; 34, screw; 35, bayonet; 36, block; 37, protrusion; 38, ejector block; 39, clearance port; 40, extrusion block; 41, sphere; 42, clearance groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 , a hard rock tunnel plasma blasting equipment, comprising a rod-shaped electrode 1 for generating plasma, an outer ring of the electrode 1 is provided with an insulating tube 2, one end of the insulating tube 2 is provided with a support assembly, the support assembly is used to fix the electrode 1 together with the insulating tube 2 in the blasting hole, and the support assembly includes a support plate 3 connected to the insulating tube 2, the support plate 3 is arranged in a "Y" shape, each end surface of the support plate 3 is provided with a No. 1 hole 4, each end of the support plate 3 is provided with an extension plate 5, one end of the extension plate 5 is provided with a No. 2 hole 6, the other end of the extension plate 5 is fixedly connected with a threaded barrel 7, the inner thread of the threaded barrel 7 is connected with a plug 8, the plug 8 is used to be inserted in the blasting hole; a pressing plate 9 of the same shape as the support plate 3 is provided on the supporting plate 3, and an insertion rod 10 is provided on each end surface of the pressing plate 9, the insertion rod 10 is inserted in the No. 1 hole 4 and the No. 2 hole 6; a fastening nut 11 is provided on the pressing plate 9, and the fastening nut 11 is threadedly connected to the insulating tube 2;

[0043] In this embodiment, the plasma blasting equipment is specifically operated as follows:

[0044] Installation preparation: clean the blasting hole and remove the gravel particles in the blasting hole. If necessary, flush it with a high-pressure water gun;

[0045] Install electrode 1: Insert electrode 1 together with insulating tube 2 into one of the blasting holes, install upper pressing plate 9 and fastening nut 11 at the same time, and control pressing plate 9 and support plate 3 to leave space for extension plate 5, then connect electrode 1 to power supply and wait for power-on command;

[0046] Install the insert 8 and insert it into a blasting hole other than one of the blasting holes. Then place one end of the extension plate 5 between the pressing plate 9 and the support plate 3, and align the No. 1 hole 4 with the No. 2 hole 6.

[0047] After installation and fixation, rotate the fastening nut 11, tighten the nut 11 to squeeze the pressure plate 9, and insert the insertion rod 10 into the No. 1 hole 4 and the No. 2 hole 6. At this time, the electrode 1 together with the insulating tube 2 is connected to the multiple extension plates 5, and each extension plate 5 is fixed in the blasting hole through the insertion tube 8;

[0048] Taking into account the complex and uneven surface of the blasting surface, it is impossible for all the extension plates 5 to be completely attached to the blasting surface. Therefore, the inserting tube 8 is threadedly connected to the threaded barrel 7. By rotating the inserting tube 8, the depth of the inserting tube 8 into the blasting hole is adjusted, thereby adjusting and placing multiple extension plates 5 on the same surface, ensuring that the forces at both ends of each extension plate 5 are evenly distributed, thereby stabilizing the electrode 1 in the blasting hole.

[0049] Electric blasting: Plasma blasting rock breaking technology transfers the energy in the energy storage element into the rock in the form of plasma blasting, thereby achieving rock breaking. The rock electric breakdown process is usually divided into four stages:

[0050] First, after the high-voltage electric pulse is applied, a small discharge leader is formed inside the rock. At this time, the voltage drop on electrode 1 is small, and the current in the circuit is also relatively low.

[0051] Then, the discharge leader develops into a dendritic discharge channel, at which point the current in the circuit increases significantly.

[0052] Subsequently, the energy stored in the high-voltage capacitor is released into the plasma channel, heating it;

[0053] Finally, the plasma channel expanded by heat exerts pressure on the surrounding rock mass, and when the stress exceeds the stress strength of the rock, fracture occurs;

[0054] The plasma blasting equipment is provided with multiple insertion rods 10 that cooperate with the extension plate 5 to fix the electrode 1 in the blasting hole that is tilted downward, and stably install the electrode 1 in the blasting hole. At the same time, according to the depth of the blasting hole, the distance between the extension plate 5 and the blasting surface is adjusted by rotating the insertion tube 8, thereby adjusting the depth of the electrode 1 inserted into the blasting hole. When facing the uneven surface of the blasting surface, the distance between the end of the insertion tube 8 and the extension plate 5 can also be adjusted by rotating the insertion tube 8, so that the multiple extension plates 5 are all on the same surface, and the electrode 1 together with the insulating tube 2 is stabilized in the blasting hole.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 A support portion 12 is provided on the outer ring of the insulating tube 2. The support portion 12 is provided close to one end of the insulating tube 2, and a groove coaxial with the insulating tube 2 is provided on the end surface of the support portion 12. A support spring 13 is provided in the groove. A plurality of fixing holes 14 are also provided in a circumferential array on the end surface of the support portion 12. The fixing holes 14 are provided outside the groove.

[0056] The support plate 3 is sleeved on the outer ring of the insulating tube 2, and the end of the support spring 13 is against the lower surface of the support plate 3. A fixing pin 15 is fixed to the lower surface of the support plate 3, and the fixing pin 15 is embedded in the fixing hole 14;

[0057] Considering that when drilling blast holes, the positions of the blast holes are constructed according to the rock positions inside the blasting surface, which is uncertain and irregular, in the face of the uncertainty and irregularity of the hole positions, when installing the cannula 8, the second hole 6 on the extension plate 5 cannot be aligned with the first hole 4 on the support plate 3. Therefore, it is necessary to flexibly adjust the operation process of the plasma blasting equipment, as follows:

[0058] After the installation preparation and the installation of the electrode 1, the end of the extension plate 5 is installed between the pressure plate 9 and the support plate 3, and then the fastening nut 11 is rotated. At this time, the rotation of the fastening nut 11 is divided into two steps. When the fastening nut 11 is rotated for the first time, it is only necessary to squeeze the pressure plate 9 and squeeze the insertion rod 10 into the No. 1 hole 4 and the No. 2 hole 6. At this time, the support plate 3 is under the elastic force of the support spring 13 to which it is connected, and the fixing pin 15 on the support plate 3 has not yet been inserted into the fixing hole 14. At this time, the extension plate 5 can be pushed to rotate around the axis of the insertion rod 10, and at the same time, it can be pushed The extension plate 5 pushes the support plate 3 to rotate around the axis of the insulating tube 2, so that the threaded tube 7 fixed on the extension plate 5 can find the blasting hole opposite to it on the blasting surface, and then the tightening nut 11 is rotated for the second time, and the tightening nut 11 squeezes the pressure plate 9 and the support plate 3, and squeezes the support plate 3 onto the support part 12. At the same time, the fixing pin 15 is also embedded in one of the fixing holes 14. At this time, the relative rotation constraint between the support plate 3 and the insulating tube 2 is fixed, and finally the insert tube 8 is installed, and the insert tube 8 is rotated and extended into the blasting hole to achieve the fixation of the electrode 1 and the insulating tube 2.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 7 The outer surface of the insulating tube 2 is provided with a plurality of recesses 16, and the recesses 16 are provided close to the other end of the insulating tube 2. A rectangular frame 17 is provided in each recess 16, and a wheel 18 is rotatably connected in the rectangular frame 17. The two ends of the rectangular frame 17 are connected to the inner wall of the recess 16 through a plurality of return springs 19;

[0060] During installation preparation, the blasting hole needs to be cleaned and the gravel particles in the blasting hole need to be cleaned to avoid obstruction of the insertion of the insulating tube 2. Even after the blasting hole is cleaned, the inner wall of the blasting hole is still rough and will scratch the surface of the insulating tube 2. For this reason, multiple sets of wheel bodies 18 are set on the insulating tube 2, and the wheel bodies 18 are rotatably connected to the rectangular frame 17, and the rectangular frame 17 is connected to the recess 16 through multiple reset springs 19. When the wheel body 18 is in the initial state, the outer ring surface of the wheel body 18 protrudes from the surface of the insulating tube 2, and the surface of the wheel body 18 can be attached to the inner wall of the blasting hole and roll, converting the sliding friction between the insulating tube 2 and the blasting hole into rolling friction between the wheel body 18 and the blasting hole, reducing the resistance of the insulating tube 2 extending into the blasting hole, and at the same time reducing the wear on the surface of the insulating tube 2, thereby extending the service life of the insulating tube 2.

[0061] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 4 The outer surface of the insulating tube 2 is radially provided with a plurality of annular grooves, each of which is provided with a ring-shaped capsule 20, and the capsule 20 is connected to the external air pump through the air pipe 21;

[0062] The outer surface of the insulating tube 2 is also provided with a plurality of spray holes 22, and the spray holes 22 are connected to an external liquid pump through a liquid pipe 23;

[0063] After the insulating tube 2 and the electrode 1 are installed in the blasting hole, the external air pump is driven to inject gas into the capsule 20. The capsule 20 expands and squeezes against the inner wall of the blasting hole to seal the blasting hole. Then, the external liquid pump is driven to inject electrolyte into the liquid pipe 23 and discharge it from the nozzle 22. The electrolyte fills the blasting hole. The setting of the capsule 20 can fully seal the electrolyte in the blasting hole, ensuring that sufficient electrolyte is converted into high-pressure, high-temperature plasma gas, thereby ensuring the plasma blasting effect.

[0064] The capsule 20 can not only be used to seal the blasting hole, but also temporarily fix the insulating tube 2 in the blasting hole. This design can reduce the manual support of the insulating tube 2, reduce manpower input and reduce costs in the plasma blasting construction process.

[0065] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 8 The cannula 8 includes an external tube body 24 and an internal ejector rod 25. A plurality of strip-shaped windows 26 are provided on the outer surface of the tube body 24. The windows 26 are arranged along the length direction of the tube body 24. A top plate 27 is provided in each window 26. One end of the top plate 27 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the window 26 through a torsion spring.

[0066] The push rod 25 is threaded through the upper end of the tube body 24 and extends into the interior of the tube body 24. The outer ring of the push rod 25 is rotatably connected to an inclined block 28, which is slidably connected in the window 26. When the push rod 25 is rotated, the push rod 25 drives the inclined block 28 to squeeze the top plate 27 in the window 26. The other end of the top plate 27 presses against the inner wall of the blasting hole.

[0067] Considering that the blasting holes have various specifications, when installing the insert tube 8 in some blasting holes with larger diameters, the gap between the insert tube 8 and the blasting hole is insufficient, which makes it difficult to install the insert tube 8 stably. Therefore, the insert tube 8 is optimized to enable it to be stably inserted in some blasting holes with larger diameters.

[0068] The cannula 8 is threadedly connected to the threaded barrel 7, and the cannula 8 is rotated so that the cannula 8 can be fully inserted into the blasting hole. Then, the push rod 25 is rotated, and the push rod 25 pushes the inclined block 28 to slide along the window 26. At the same time, the inclined surface of the inclined block 28 presses the top plate 27, and the top plate 27 is squeezed out of the window 26 and pressed against the inner wall of the blasting hole. At this time, the cannula 8 can be stabilized in the blasting hole with a larger diameter.

[0069] In addition, a blasting hole opposite to the threaded barrel 7 is found on the blasting surface. The blasting hole can also be a hole that has been blasted. The top plate 27 is expanded outwards toward the window 26 and can also be squeezed on the inner wall of the blasting hole that has been blasted.

[0070] When loosening and removing the cannula 8, the push rod 25 is reversed, and the push rod 25 drives the inclined block 28 to move toward the extension plate 5. At the same time, the push rod 25 is deflected and reset to the window 26 under the torsion force of the torsion spring connected to it. At this time, the cannula 8 is rotated in the opposite direction and can be taken out of the blasting hole.

[0071] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 , each extension plate 5 includes a fixed plate 29, an extension rod 30 and a movable plate 31;

[0072] One end of the fixed plate 29 is connected between the pressure plate 9 and the support plate 3. The other end surface of the fixed plate 29 is fixedly connected to two symmetrically arranged extension rods 30. The ends of the extension rods 30 are slidably connected to the sliding holes opened in one end surface of the movable plate 31. The other end of the movable plate 31 is fixedly connected to the threaded cylinder 7.

[0073] The extension plate 5 is configured as a fixed plate 29 and a movable plate 31 with adjustable distances, further improving the flexibility of the plasma blasting equipment and enabling the cannula 8 to flexibly adapt to more blasting holes. By first rotating the fastening nut 11, the fixed plate 29 is fixed between the support plate 3 and the pressure plate 9. Then, the movable plate 31 is pulled to adjust the distance between the movable plate 31 and the fixed plate 29. The threaded barrel 7 on the movable plate 31 quickly finds the blasting hole opposite to it, and then the cannula 8 is installed.

[0074] After the blasting is completed, some blasting holes will experience local collapse after the insulating tube 2 is pulled out. That is, during the process of pulling out the insulating tube 2, the broken rubble fills and blocks the blasting hole. At this time, one blasting hole that can be inserted by the insert 8 is reduced. The problem can be solved by setting the extension plate 5 to a fixed plate 29 and a movable plate 31 with adjustable distances, so that suitable blasting holes can be found in a wider range.

[0075] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 A support seat 32 is provided on the other end surface of the fixed plate 29; a U-shaped plate 33 is provided at the position where the movable plate 31 is fixed to the threaded cylinder 7, the open mouth of the U-shaped plate 33 faces the threaded cylinder 7, and a screw 34 is provided between the support seat 32 and the U-shaped plate 33, the screw 34 slides and passes through the support seat 32, and the screw 34 is threadedly connected to the U-shaped plate 33;

[0076] Multiple groups of bayonet holes 35 are formed on two adjacent extension rods 30; the other end surface of the fixing plate 29 is provided with a recess, and two symmetrical clamping blocks 36 are provided in the recess. The clamping blocks 36 are connected to the inner wall of the recess by springs, and the outer walls of the two adjacent clamping blocks 36 are provided with protrusions 37 that adapt to the bayonet holes 35;

[0077] The screw rod 34 is rotatably connected to a top block 38 , which extends between two adjacent extension rods 30 and is used to expand two adjacent clamping blocks 36 and squeeze the protrusion 37 into the bayonet 35 ;

[0078] After the distance between the fixed plate 29 and the movable plate 31 is adjusted, the screw 34 is rotated, and the screw 34 moves along the support seat 32 toward the direction of the insert tube 8. At the same time, the screw 34 drives the top block 38 to move between the two adjacent blocks 36. The top block 38 squeezes and expands the two blocks 36 outward so that the protrusions 37 on the blocks 36 are embedded in the bayonet 35. At this time, the relative sliding constraint between the extension rod 30 and the movable plate 31 can be stabilized, thereby stabilizing the distance between the movable plate 31 and the fixed plate 29, further improving the integrity and stability between the insert tube 8 and the insulating tube 2; at the same time, the screw 34 is slidably connected to the support seat 32, which can assist the connection between the extension rod 30 and the movable plate 31. At this time, the screw 34 can improve the connection stability between the movable plate 31 and the fixed plate 29 relative to the other extension rod 30.

[0079] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 The outer surface of the tube body 24 is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped clearance openings 39, the clearance openings 39 are arranged along the length direction of the tube body 24, and the clearance openings 39 are arranged close to the upper end of the tube body 24;

[0080] An extrusion block 40 is provided in the U-shaped plate 33 , and the extrusion block 40 is rotatably connected to the end of the screw 34 . The extrusion block 40 extends from the clearance opening 39 into the tube body 24 and is pressed against the surface of the ejector pin 25 .

[0081] Each blasting hole is subjected to multiple blastings, and multiple low-energy blastings will produce cracks with the same energy as high discharge blasting, and the possibility of borehole collapse is low. Multiple blastings will produce multiple vibrations. For the push rod 25, this vibration may cause the push rod 25 to rotate on its own, resulting in the fixed bevel block 28 being unable to effectively squeeze the top plate 27 outward, and it is difficult to stabilize the insert tube 8 in the blasting hole. For this reason, an extrusion block 40 that can fix the push rod 25 is provided on the screw rod 34. When the screw rod 34 is rotated and the screw rod 34 moves toward the insert tube 8, the screw rod 34 will also push the extrusion block 40 to move toward the insert tube 8. The extrusion block 40 extends into the tube body 24 along the make way 39. The extrusion block 40 squeezes the threads on the push rod 25 and squeezes and fixes the push rod 25. The push rod 25 is stabilized, and the insert tube 8 is stabilized in the blasting hole.

[0082] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 10 Each second hole 6 has a ball joint 41, a through hole is provided on the ball 41, and the rod 10 is inserted into the through hole;

[0083] The sphere 41 is hinged with a ball in the No. 2 hole 6, and the sphere 41 deflects within a certain angle, and the insertion rod 10 is inserted into the through hole on the sphere 41. The pressure plate 9 and the support plate 3 clamp the sphere 41. At this time, by bending the extension plate 5, the deflection of the extension plate 5 can be achieved, rather than deflecting along the axis of the insulating tube 2, further improving the flexibility of the extension plate 5.

[0084] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 8 , a plurality of relief grooves 42 are provided on the outer wall of the support portion 12, and the gas pipe 21 and the liquid pipe 23 extend out of the blasting hole along the relief grooves 42;

[0085] The provision of the relief groove 42 protects the air pipe 21 and the liquid pipe 23 to prevent the air pipe 21 and the liquid pipe 23 from being squeezed and affecting the flow of gas and liquid.

[0086] Working principle:

[0087] Installation preparation: clean the blasting hole and remove the gravel particles in the blasting hole. If necessary, flush it with a high-pressure water gun;

[0088] Install electrode 1: Insert electrode 1 together with insulating tube 2 into one of the blasting holes, install upper pressing plate 9 and fastening nut 11 at the same time, and control pressing plate 9 and support plate 3 to leave space for extension plate 5, then connect electrode 1 to power supply and wait for power-on command;

[0089] Install the insert 8 and insert it into a blasting hole other than one of the blasting holes. Then place one end of the extension plate 5 between the pressing plate 9 and the support plate 3, and align the No. 1 hole 4 with the No. 2 hole 6.

[0090] After installation and fixation, rotate the fastening nut 11, tighten the nut 11 to squeeze the pressure plate 9, and insert the insertion rod 10 into the No. 1 hole 4 and the No. 2 hole 6. At this time, the electrode 1 together with the insulating tube 2 is connected to the multiple extension plates 5, and each extension plate 5 is fixed in the blasting hole through the insertion tube 8;

[0091] Taking into account the complex and uneven surface of the blasting surface, it is impossible for all the extension plates 5 to be completely attached to the blasting surface. Therefore, the inserting tube 8 is threadedly connected to the threaded barrel 7. By rotating the inserting tube 8, the depth of the inserting tube 8 into the blasting hole is adjusted, thereby adjusting and placing multiple extension plates 5 on the same surface, ensuring that the forces at both ends of each extension plate 5 are evenly distributed, thereby stabilizing the electrode 1 in the blasting hole.

[0092] Electric blasting: Plasma blasting rock breaking technology transfers the energy in the energy storage element into the rock in the form of plasma blasting, thereby achieving rock breaking. The rock electric breakdown process is usually divided into four stages:

[0093] First, after the high-voltage electric pulse is applied, a small discharge leader is formed inside the rock. At this time, the voltage drop on electrode 1 is small, and the current in the circuit is also relatively low.

[0094] Then, the discharge leader develops into a dendritic discharge channel, at which point the current in the circuit increases significantly.

[0095] Subsequently, the energy stored in the high-voltage capacitor is released into the plasma channel, heating it;

[0096] Finally, the heated and expanded plasma channels exert pressure on the surrounding rock mass, and when the stress exceeds the stress strength of the rock, fracture occurs.

[0097] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hard rock tunnel plasma blasting device, characterized by: The invention comprises a rod-shaped electrode for generating plasma, wherein the outer ring of the electrode is provided with an insulating tube, and one end of the insulating tube is provided with a support assembly, and the support assembly is used to fix the electrode and the insulating tube in the blasting hole, and the support assembly includes a support plate connected to the insulating tube, and the support plate is arranged in a "Y" shape, and each end surface of the support plate has a No. 1 hole, and each end of the support plate is provided with an extension plate, and one end of the extension plate has a No. 2 hole, and the other end of the extension plate is fixedly connected to a threaded barrel, and the threaded barrel is internally threaded with a cannula, and the cannula is used to be inserted into the blasting hole; A pressing plate of the same shape as the supporting plate is provided on the supporting plate, and an insertion rod is provided on each end surface of the pressing plate, and the insertion rod is inserted into the No. 1 hole and the No. 2 hole; A fastening nut is provided on the pressing plate, and the fastening nut is threadedly connected to the insulating tube.

2. The hard rock tunnel plasma blasting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support portion is provided on the outer ring of the insulating tube. The support portion is provided close to one end of the insulating tube, and a groove coaxial with the insulating tube is provided on the end surface of the support portion. A support spring is provided in the groove. A plurality of fixing holes are also provided in a circumferential array on the end surface of the support portion. The fixing holes are provided outside the groove. The middle of the support plate is sleeved on the outer ring of the insulating tube, the end of the support spring is against the lower surface of the support plate, and a fixing pin is fixed to the lower surface of the support plate, and the fixing pin is embedded in the fixing hole.

3. The hard rock tunnel plasma blasting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer surface of the insulating tube is provided with multiple recesses, which are arranged close to the other end of the insulating tube. A rectangular frame is provided in each recess, and a wheel body is rotatably connected in the rectangular frame. The two ends of the rectangular frame are connected to the inner wall of the recess through multiple reset springs.

4. The hard rock tunnel plasma blasting equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer surface of the insulating tube is radially provided with a plurality of annular grooves, each of which is provided with a ring-shaped capsule, which is connected to an external air pump through an air pipe; The outer surface of the insulating tube is also provided with a plurality of spray holes, which are connected to an external liquid pump through a liquid pipe.

5. The plasma blasting equipment for hard rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cannula includes an external tube body and an internal ejector rod. The outer surface of the tube body is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped windows, which are arranged along the length of the tube body. Each window is provided with a top plate, one end of which is rotatably connected to the bottom of the window through a torsion spring. The thread of the push rod passes through the upper end of the tube body and extends to the inside of the tube body. The outer ring of the push rod is rotatably connected to an inclined block, which is slidably connected in the window. When the push rod is rotated, the push rod drives the inclined block to squeeze the top plate in the window, and the other end of the top plate is pressed against the inner wall of the blasting hole.

6. The hard rock tunnel plasma blasting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each extension plate includes a fixed plate, an extension rod and a movable plate; One end of the fixed plate is connected between the pressure plate and the support plate, and the other end surface of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to two symmetrically arranged extension rods. The ends of the extension rods are slidably connected to the sliding holes opened on one end surface of the movable plate, and the other end of the movable plate is fixedly connected to a threaded cylinder.

7. The plasma blasting equipment for hard rock tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: A support seat is provided on the other end surface of the fixed plate; a U-shaped plate is provided at the fixed position of the movable plate and the threaded barrel, the opening of the U-shaped plate faces the threaded barrel, and a screw is provided between the support seat and the U-shaped plate, the screw slides and passes through the support seat, and the screw is threadedly connected in the U-shaped plate; Multiple groups of bayonet holes are provided on two adjacent extension rods; a recess is provided on the other end face of the fixing plate, and two symmetrical clamping blocks are provided in the recess, and the clamping blocks are connected to the inner wall of the recess through spring pieces, and protrusions adapted to the bayonet holes are provided on the outer walls of the two adjacent clamping blocks; A top block is rotatably connected to the screw rod. The top block extends between two adjacent extension rods and is used for expanding and supporting two adjacent clamping blocks and squeezing the protrusion into the clamping port.

8. The plasma blasting equipment for hard rock tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of strip-shaped clearance openings are provided on the outer surface of the tube body, the clearance openings are arranged along the length direction of the tube body, and the clearance openings are arranged close to the upper end of the tube body; An extrusion block is provided in the U-shaped plate. The extrusion block is rotatably connected to the end of the screw rod. The extrusion block extends from the clearance port into the tube body and is extruded on the surface of the push rod.

9. The plasma blasting equipment for hard rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spherical body is provided in each No. 2 hole, a through hole is provided on the spherical body, and an inserting rod is inserted into the through hole.

10. The plasma blasting equipment for hard rock tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of relief grooves are provided on the outer wall of the supporting part, and the gas pipe and the liquid pipe extend out of the blasting hole along the relief grooves.

Images