Single-microparticle high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device based on reverse gate type structure and use method of single-microparticle high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-particle acceleration, and particularly relates to a single-micro-particle high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device based on a reverse gate type structure and a use method.The device is characterized in that the interior of a high-pressure air chamber is divided into a first air chamber and a second air chamber through a piston; the high-pressure air source is respectively communicated with the first air chamber and the second air chamber; the first air chamber is communicated with the atmosphere through an air pressure control valve; the second air chamber is communicated with the contraction section of the Laval accelerating tube; the piston extends into the contraction section of the Laval accelerating tube; the expansion section of the Laval accelerating tube is communicated with the bore; the reverse door type launching pad comprises a fixed shell and a reverse door; the fixed shell is connected and communicated with the bore; the reverse door is installed in the fixed shell and is an elastic hemisphere. Compared with the prior art, the problems that in the prior art, single microparticle pneumatic accelerated emission is prone to being interfered by airflow, equipment is complex or difficult to achieve, and cost is high are solved. According to the scheme, through the design of the reverse gate type launching pad, controllable and airflow interference-free pneumatic acceleration of a single microparticle is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of particle acceleration, and in particular relates to a single particle high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device and method based on an inverted gate structure. Background Art

[0002] Microparticle acceleration technology holds significant value in scientific research and industrial applications, particularly in achieving precise control of individual particles, a key prerequisite for both mechanistic research and practical applications. However, existing technologies suffer from common issues such as difficulty in emitting single particles, interference from the coexistence of multiple particles, and complex equipment, limiting their widespread adoption in precision experiments and engineering scenarios.

[0003] Currently, traditional accelerators such as dust electrostatic accelerators and plasma-driven accelerators often have difficulty ensuring the independent emission of single particles. The mixing of multiple particles and synchronous gas interference (such as airflow disturbances in cold spray technology) lead to uncontrollable particle motion states. In addition, although systems that rely on laser or electromagnetic drive (such as the LIPIT platform) can achieve a certain degree of control, their equipment is bulky, expensive, and complex to operate and maintain, making it difficult to meet the flexible needs of laboratory or industrial scenarios. Most accelerators cannot be reused due to structural limitations, further increasing experimental costs. For example, in dust dynamics research, the motion trajectory and interactions of individual particles need to be accurately observed; the field of microparticle adhesion requires controllable particle deposition to optimize surface properties; cold spray additive manufacturing technology requires precise control of particle velocity and impact angle to achieve efficient material bonding; and the dynamic mechanical properties testing of nanomaterials relies on high-speed dynamic response analysis of single particles. These application scenarios all pose an urgent need for the controllable acceleration of single microparticles.

[0004] For example, CN114018729A discloses a microparticle accelerator based on MEMS technology, comprising a high-pressure gas storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a gas regulator, a solenoid valve drive control circuit, a solenoid valve, and a MEMS micro-accelerator tube, all connected in sequence. However, this solution places the microparticles in the nozzle throat of the MEMS micro-accelerator tube. During emission, the particles are easily deviated from their intended path due to airflow disturbances.

[0005] For example, CN108955372A discloses an air cannon launcher with a uniform airflow, and CN103512423A discloses a supersonic air cannon launcher. Both proposals use a Laval accelerator tube to accelerate high-pressure gas passing through it, enabling the directional launch of projectiles / bullets placed within the barrel along the barrel's direction. However, this type of solution is only suitable for projectiles with a certain structural volume and is insensitive to friction within the barrel. For the size of single particles, achieving a similar effect with the same structure would place extremely high demands on the barrel's machining (both in terms of inner diameter and smoothness), making such a structure virtually unfeasible and prohibitively expensive.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a microparticle accelerator that takes into account both efficiency and practicality, which can achieve precise emission and motion control of single microparticles while eliminating external interference, and provide a reliable tool for in-depth research and application in the above-mentioned fields. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to address at least one of the aforementioned issues by providing a high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device and method for single-particles based on an inverted gate structure. This approach addresses the existing issues of single-particle aerodynamic acceleration and launch, such as susceptibility to airflow interference, complex or difficult-to-implement equipment, and high cost. This solution, through the design of an inverted gate launch platform, achieves controllable, airflow-free aerodynamic acceleration of single particles.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a single-particle high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device based on an inverted gate structure, comprising a high-pressure gas source, a high-pressure gas chamber, a Laval acceleration tube, a gun barrel, and an inverted gate launching platform;

[0010] The interior of the high-pressure air chamber is divided into a first air chamber and a second air chamber by a piston; the high-pressure air source is connected to the first air chamber and the second air chamber respectively through an air pressure regulating module; the first air chamber is connected to the atmosphere through an air pressure control valve; the second air chamber is connected to the contraction section of the Laval accelerator tube; the piston extends into the contraction section of the Laval accelerator tube;

[0011] The expansion section of the Laval accelerating tube is connected to the air inlet end of the gun barrel;

[0012] The anti-gate launcher comprises a fixed shell and an anti-gate; the fixed shell is connected to the exhaust end of the gun barrel, and the cavity inside the fixed shell is connected to the gun barrel; the anti-gate is installed inside the fixed shell so that the cavities on both sides of the anti-gate are isolated, and the anti-gate is an elastic hemisphere curved toward the gun barrel;

[0013] The particles to be launched are placed on the curved surface of the anti-gate on the side facing away from the barrel.

[0014] Preferably, the contraction section of the Laval accelerating tube is used to make the gas reach supersonic speed when passing through the narrow throat, and the expansion section of the Laval accelerating tube is used to stabilize the airflow and increase the gas flow rate; the inner wall of the Laval accelerating tube is polished.

[0015] Preferably, the fixed housing includes a male connector and a female connector;

[0016] The first end of the male connector is connected to the exhaust end of the barrel, and the second end of the male connector is connected to the first end of the female connector;

[0017] The second end of the male head is provided with a limiting boss, and the first end of the wood is provided with a limiting groove, and the limiting boss and the limiting groove are plugged and matched to realize the limiting of the male head and the female head;

[0018] The anti-door is installed between the male head and the female head.

[0019] Preferably, the second end of the male connector is provided with a mounting groove, and the reverse door is provided in the mounting groove and is fixed by pressing the female connector.

[0020] Preferably, an engaging protrusion is provided on the edge of the reverse door, an engaging groove is provided in the installation groove, and the engaging protrusion is engaged and assembled in the engaging groove.

[0021] Preferably, four limiting bosses are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and four limiting grooves are arranged corresponding to the limiting bosses.

[0022] Preferably, the anti-gate is provided with a plurality of concentric annular marking lines on the curved surface facing away from the barrel, and the microparticles to be launched are placed at the center of the anti-gate.

[0023] Preferably, the anti-door is made of silicone rubber material.

[0024] Preferably, the air pressure regulating module is a pressure regulating valve, and the air pressure control valve is a solenoid valve.

[0025] A second aspect of the present invention discloses a method for using any of the above-described single-particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerators based on an inverted gate structure, the method comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1: Filling the first air chamber and the second air chamber with high-pressure gas through a high-pressure gas source so that the air pressure in the first air chamber and the second air chamber reaches the target pressure;

[0027] S2: Place the particles to be launched on the curved surface of the anti-gate facing away from the barrel;

[0028] S3: The air pressure control valve is opened to connect the first air chamber to the atmosphere. Under the action of the air pressure difference between the first and second air chambers, the piston is withdrawn from the Laval accelerator tube. The high-pressure gas in the second air chamber is accelerated by the Laval accelerator tube and enters the barrel and impacts the anti-gate. The anti-gate is deformed by the impact of the high-speed gas and launches microparticles.

[0029] S4: The pressure is released to allow the anti-door to recover under the action of elastic force.

[0030] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0031] The anti-gate of the elastic hemisphere can achieve instantaneous separation of airflow and microparticles when subjected to instantaneous impact of high-pressure gas, avoiding interference of gas on microparticles and ensuring single particle emission.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The present invention discloses a high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device for single microparticles based on an inverted gate structure, which aims to achieve controllable acceleration of single microparticles through high-pressure gas drive and inverted gate separation design.

[0034] The device consists of a high-pressure gas source, a high-pressure gas chamber, a Laval acceleration tube, a barrel, and a reverse-gate launch platform. These parts work together to achieve efficient and precise particle acceleration:

[0035] 1) The high-pressure gas source is connected to the high-pressure gas chamber through the inlet / outlet valve to provide the required high-pressure gas to the high-pressure gas chamber to ensure the stability and adjustability of the system air pressure.

[0036] 2) The high-pressure gas chamber is divided into two parts by a piston. The first gas chamber is connected to the atmosphere through a pressure control valve to adjust the air pressure balance; the second gas chamber stores high-pressure gas and is connected to the Laval accelerator tube to ensure the continuity and stability of the gas supply.

[0037] 3) The contraction-expansion structure of the Laval accelerator tube can convert high-pressure gas into high-speed airflow, significantly improving the acceleration efficiency of microparticles. At the same time, by adjusting the pressure in the second gas chamber, the particle velocity can be adjusted over a wide range to meet different experimental needs.

[0038] 4) The anti-gate launch pad is a core component of the device. Its elastic anti-gate provides instantaneous physical isolation between the high-pressure gas and the microparticles, effectively preventing gas turbulence from interfering with the particle trajectory and ensuring the accuracy and stability of particle launch. The anti-gate's rapid response and reusability allow it to complete multiple launch missions in a short period of time, improving the device's practicality and efficiency.

[0039] The single microparticle accelerator of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation, wide speed range and high precision. It can be widely used in fields such as dust dynamics, space protection research and needle-free injection, providing an efficient and reliable experimental tool for related research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator;

[0041] Figure 2 It is the structural diagram of the anti-door;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the surface marking of the reverse door;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-gate launch platform;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structural change of the anti-gate during single particle emission;

[0045] In the figure: 1-high-pressure gas source; 21-piston; 22-first air chamber; 23-second air chamber; 3-Laval acceleration tube; 4-barrel; 5-reverse-gate launch platform; 51-reverse gate; 52-male connector; 53-female connector; 6-air pressure control valve; 7-microparticle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] As described below, matters not covered may be solved by using existing technologies.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A single particle 7 high pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an anti-gate structure, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes a high-pressure gas source 1, a high-pressure gas chamber, a Laval accelerating tube 3, a gun chamber 4 and a reverse-gate launching platform 5;

[0050] The interior of the high-pressure air chamber is divided into a first air chamber 22 and a second air chamber 23 by a piston 21; the high-pressure air source 1 is connected to the first air chamber 22 and the second air chamber 23 respectively through an air pressure regulating module; the first air chamber 22 is connected to the atmosphere through an air pressure control valve 6; the second air chamber 23 is connected to the contraction section of the Laval accelerator tube 3; the piston 21 extends into the contraction section of the Laval accelerator tube 3;

[0051] The expansion section of the Laval accelerating tube 3 is connected to the air inlet end of the gun barrel 4;

[0052] The anti-gate launcher 5 includes a fixed housing and an anti-gate 51; the fixed housing is connected to the exhaust end of the gun barrel 4, and the cavity inside the fixed housing is connected to the gun barrel 4; the anti-gate 51 is installed inside the fixed housing so that the cavities on both sides of the anti-gate 51 are isolated, and the anti-gate 51 is an elastic hemisphere curved toward the gun barrel 4;

[0053] The particles 7 to be launched are placed on the curved surface of the anti-gate 51 facing away from the barrel 4.

[0054] More specifically, in this embodiment:

[0055] A single particle 7 accelerator based on an inverted gate structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, where:

[0056] The high-pressure gas source 1 adopts a high-pressure gas storage tank, and the air pressure regulating module adopts an inlet / outlet valve. The high-pressure gas storage tank is connected to the first air chamber 22 and the second air chamber 23 of the high-pressure gas chamber through the inlet / outlet valves respectively to provide high-pressure gas with appropriate pressure into the high-pressure gas chamber.

[0057] The inner cavity of the high-pressure air chamber is divided by a piston 21 into two non-connected parts, a first air chamber 22 and a second air chamber 23; the first air chamber 22 is connected to the atmosphere through an air pressure control valve 6 to control the air pressure balance, and the air pressure control valve 6 adopts an electromagnetic ball valve; the second air chamber 23 is connected to the Laval accelerator tube 3; and the end of the piston 21 also extends into the interior of the Laval accelerator tube 3 so that the interior of the high-pressure air chamber can form a separate closed space.

[0058] The Laval accelerating tube 3 includes a connected contraction section and an expansion section, wherein the contraction section is connected to the second air chamber 23, and the expansion section is connected to the barrel 4. The contraction-expansion structure can convert the high-pressure gas stored in the second air chamber 23 into a high-speed airflow, thereby improving the acceleration efficiency of the microparticles 7.

[0059] The barrel 4 is a straight tube, which serves as an extension of the expansion section of the Laval accelerating tube 3. The front end of the barrel 4 is provided with an external thread, which can be matched with a sleeve with an internal thread, and then the reverse gate type launch platform 5 can be fastened and assembled to the end exhaust end of the barrel 4 through the sleeve.

[0060] The anti-door launch platform 5 is specifically composed of a fixed shell and an anti-door 51. The fixed shell is connected to and communicates with the end of the barrel 4. The anti-door 51 is fixedly installed inside the fixed shell and physically separates the internal cavity of the fixed shell. The anti-door 51 is an elastic hemisphere. In this embodiment, it is made of a highly elastic silicone rubber material, such as Figure 2As shown, it curves toward the barrel 4, with the particles 7 placed in the concave portion facing away from the barrel 4. When high-speed airflow passes through the barrel 4 and impacts the deflector 51, it instantly physically isolates the high-pressure gas from the particles 7, preventing gas turbulence from interfering with the particle trajectories. The highly elastic deflector 51 ensures rapid response and is reusable.

[0061] The high-pressure air chamber controls the connection between the first air chamber 22 and the atmosphere via a solenoid ball valve, balancing the internal and external air pressures. This creates a pressure differential between the first and second air chambers 22, 23. This allows the piston 21 to be withdrawn from the Laval accelerator tube 3 under air pressure, establishing communication between the second air chamber 23 and the barrel 4. The air pressure regulating module (inlet / outlet valve) adjusts the pressure in the second air chamber 23 according to firing requirements, enabling a wide range of adjustable firing speeds. In practice, the air pressure should be greater than 2 standard atmospheres; otherwise, the piston will not be compressed tightly and leak, resulting in uncontrollable speed.

[0062] The contraction section of the Laval accelerator tube 3 allows the gas to reach supersonic speed when passing through a narrow throat, while the subsequent expansion section and the further connected straight-tube barrel 4 are used to stabilize the airflow and increase the gas flow rate. The polished inner walls of the Laval accelerator tube 3 and the barrel 4 can reduce friction loss.

[0063] The anti-gate launch pad 5 adopts a hemispherical and elastic anti-gate 51 design. The microparticle 7 can be placed in the center of the hemisphere, and then the high-pressure gas instantly impacts the anti-gate 51 to achieve instant separation of the airflow and the microparticle 7, avoiding gas interference and ensuring single particle emission. A ring texture is also designed on the inner wall surface of the anti-gate 51 as a ring mark, such as Figure 3 As shown, it is used to meet the centration requirements when placing particles, so as to further achieve precise control of the scattering angle. The highly elastic anti-gate 51 can quickly return to its original state after a high-pressure impact, supporting multiple experiments. The fixed shell used to fix the anti-gate 51 in the anti-gate launch station 5 can be further divided into a male head 52 and a female head 53, wherein the male head 52 is connected to the exhaust end of the barrel 4, and the female head 53 is the launch end of the microparticles 7; at one end of the male head 52 connected to the female head 53, a limiting boss protruding from the surface of the male head 52 is also provided along the circumference of the male head 52, and four are provided at equal intervals in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. Figure 4As shown, correspondingly, a limiting groove is provided on the female head 53 to accommodate the limiting boss to be inserted into the limiting fit. After the two are docked and fixed, the reliable fixation of the anti-door 51 located between the two can be guaranteed. The anti-door 51 is specifically fixedly installed in the annular installation groove provided inside the male head 52. It is pressed and fixed by the female head 53. The annular part of the anti-door 51 that is pressed and fixed is a flange, which is connected to the main body of the anti-door 51 by a round chamfer to ensure continuity and streamline. Furthermore, an interlocking groove is also provided in the installation groove, and an interlocking protrusion is provided on the edge of the anti-door 51 (flange) correspondingly. In this embodiment, an annular interlocking protrusion (such as Figure 2 The locking mechanism (shown in Figure 5) and the interlocking grooves securely fit the reversing door 51 within the mounting slot and position it within the slot. After the reversing door 51 is assembled within the male connector 52 and the limiting structures (limiting bosses and limiting grooves) of the male connector 52 and the female connector 53 are aligned and pressed together, the reversing door launcher 5 is placed entirely within a sleeve that can be threadedly connected to the barrel 4. The sleeve is then tightened to secure the reversing door launcher 5 to the exhaust end of the barrel 4.

[0064] In the structure of the above-described device, the connections between the various structural components can be secured with screws and, in conjunction with sealing rings and / or sealing tape, the internal cavity can be sealed to ensure airtightness. Conventional existing technologies can be directly employed for this purpose and will not be further described here. The high-pressure gas chamber and the gun bore 4 are each supported by a bracket, and the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected to the first gas chamber 22 and the second gas chamber 23 via a high-pressure gas supply pipeline.

[0065] The experimental process of the high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device for microparticles 7, i.e., the high-pressure pneumatic acceleration method for microparticles 7, is mainly divided into the following four steps:

[0066] Step 1: Adjust the output pressure of the high-pressure gas storage tank. The high-pressure gas storage tank can be adjusted to an output pressure that meets the acceleration requirements through the air pressure regulation module to provide pressure to the high-pressure gas chamber. For different particle impact velocity requirements, the corresponding air pressure requirements can be roughly estimated based on mechanical conditions and energy balance.

[0067] In step two, microparticle 7 is placed at the bottom (the concave bottom, i.e., the center) of gate 51. To precisely control the dispersion angle, microparticle 7 is placed at the bottom of the hemisphere of gate 51, following the circular calibration pattern on the inner wall of gate 51. If the particle diameter is too small, the particle is obtained under a microscope and placed at the center of the circular pattern on gate 51. In experiments, gate 51 materials with different hardnesses can be used to match different air pressures, thereby achieving wide-range adjustment of particle velocity.

[0068] Step 3: Clamp the anti-door 51 into the fixed housing and install the anti-door launcher 5 at the end of the barrel 4. Place the anti-door 51 in the groove of the male head 52 and fix it. Figure 4As shown, since the anti-door 51 is made of rubber, it is necessary to align the joint of the male head 52 and the female head 53 and fit tightly with the anti-door 51, and tighten the anti-door launch platform 5 through the sleeve to install it on the front end of the gun barrel 4 (the end exhaust end).

[0069] Step 4: Particle emission and recovery by the anti-gate 51. The electromagnetic valve is powered on and the high pressure gas stored in the first chamber 22 is connected to the atmosphere, causing the high pressure chamber to become unbalanced. At this time, the high pressure state in the second chamber 23 pushes the piston 21 to the left (by Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the high-pressure gas stored in the second air chamber 23 is further accelerated by the Laval acceleration tube 3 due to the leftward movement of the piston 21. The accelerated gas causes the anti-door 51 to bounce up instantly. Figure 5 As shown, the particles are ejected from the anti-gate 51. Since the anti-gate 51 is made of highly elastic silicone rubber, it can be restored to its original shape by means of deflation after the experiment and used for the next experiment.

[0070] This invention, based on a reverse gate structure, has invented a high-pressure pneumatic acceleration device for a single microparticle 7. This device can precisely adjust and control the speed of the microparticle 7 by adjusting the corresponding relationship between the input air pressure and the hardness and thickness of the reverse gate 51 material. Excessively low air pressure cannot lift the reverse gate 51, while excessive air pressure generates an impact force that can penetrate the reverse gate 51. Therefore, the actual acceleration structure and the design of the acceleration method must be configured accordingly. The specific corresponding relationship is as follows (standard atmospheric pressure and Shore hardness): 2-5 atmospheres corresponds to a 30-degree (Shore hardness, the same applies hereafter) reverse gate; 5-8.5 atmospheres corresponds to a 50-degree reverse gate; 8.5-10 atmospheres corresponds to a 70-degree reverse gate; and greater than 10 atmospheres corresponds to a 70-degree double-thick reverse gate.

[0071] Furthermore, in this embodiment:

[0072] First, the present invention utilizes a high-pressure gas-driven single-particle emission device using a gate 51 structure. High-pressure gas impacts the gate 51, achieving instantaneous physical isolation between particles and airflow. This results in a single-particle emission success rate exceeding 95%, effectively preventing multi-particle contamination and airflow turbulence, and enabling controllable particle emission speed and angle. The gate 51 has an overall thickness of 0.4 mm and consists of a hemispherical main body and an outer flange. The connection between the hemispherical main body and the flange is rounded. This design minimizes structural resistance at the edge of the hemispherical region of the gate 51 during its rebound, ensuring full rebound and increasing the duration of action on the microparticles 7, thereby increasing particle velocity. Furthermore, the main body maintains a streamlined shape at its connection to the flange before and after rebound, facilitating deformation and recovery of the gate 51. The hemispherical region has a diameter of 6 mm, ensuring uniform force distribution in all directions during rebound. Furthermore, the highly elastic silicone rubber material facilitates post-experiment recovery and reuse of the gate 51 for multiple experiments.

[0073] Secondly, the Laval accelerating tube 3 is designed based on the contraction-expansion principle. The diameter of the contraction section gradually shrinks from 50 mm in the second air chamber 23 to 5 mm, and the expansion section expands to 20 mm. It can accelerate the airflow to supersonic speed at the fastest speed, ensuring that the airflow speed meets the requirements under different working conditions.

[0074] In addition, the device uses a clamping method of the male head 52 and the female head 53 to fix the anti-door 51. The four limiting bosses on the edge of the male head 52 correspond to the four limiting grooves on the edge of the female head 53. When connecting, the anti-door 51 needs to be placed in the center groove of the male head 52 and the limiting bosses and the limiting grooves need to be tightly matched to ensure that there is no slippage between the male head 52, the female head 53 and the anti-door 51. At the same time, it avoids the anti-door 51 from being dislocated or folded when the device is tightened, resulting in uneven force in all directions and causing the particle movement to deviate from the predetermined angle.

[0075] Finally, the present invention applies the Laval nozzle principle to the launch device, which can accelerate the gas flow rate and make the particles 7 have a greater speed under a constant output pressure.

[0076] In summary, this solution revolves around a single microparticle 7 accelerator with an anti-gate structure. Through the combined design of high-pressure gas drive and elastic anti-gate 51 instantaneous separation, it solves the core problems of low single-particle emission accuracy, multi-particle mixing and high equipment costs in traditional microparticle 7 acceleration technology. Its core innovations include the use of a hemispherical elastic anti-gate 51 to achieve instantaneous physical isolation between high-pressure gas and microparticles 7. Combined with the Laval accelerator tube 3 and the modular gas chamber system, the speed and emission angle of the microparticles 7 can be controlled over a large range (emission success rate ≥ 95%, dispersion angle deviation ≤ ± 5°, anti-gate 51 durability > 100 cycles). Compared with laser or electromagnetic drive equipment, this device adopts a pneumatic solution, which has the characteristics of miniaturization, high repeatability and simple operation, providing a cost-effective solution for scientific research and industrial scenarios.

[0077] Furthermore, the device can profoundly empower precision experimentation and high-end manufacturing. For example, in dust dynamics research, its controlled single-particle emission capability can simulate space micrometeorite collisions, providing high-fidelity data for the development of spacecraft protective materials. In cold spray additive manufacturing, precise control of particle velocity and angle can improve coating bonding efficiency and promote the efficient repair of aviation components. Furthermore, needle-free injection technology in the medical field can achieve targeted drug delivery through the high-speed penetration of microparticles, breaking through the precision and comfort bottlenecks of traditional injection techniques.

[0078] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure, characterized in that: It includes a high-pressure gas source (1), a high-pressure gas chamber, a Laval accelerating tube (3), a gun barrel (4) and a reverse-gate launching platform (5); The interior of the high-pressure air chamber is divided into a first air chamber (22) and a second air chamber (23) by a piston (21); the high-pressure air source (1) is connected to the first air chamber (22) and the second air chamber (23) respectively through an air pressure regulating module; the first air chamber (22) is connected to the atmosphere through an air pressure control valve (6); the second air chamber (23) is connected to the contraction section of the Laval accelerating tube (3); the piston (21) extends into the contraction section of the Laval accelerating tube (3); The expansion section of the Laval accelerating tube (3) is connected to the air inlet end of the gun barrel (4); The anti-door type launch platform (5) includes a fixed shell and an anti-door (51); the fixed shell is connected to the exhaust end of the gun barrel (4), and the cavity inside the fixed shell is communicated with the gun barrel (4); the anti-door (51) is installed inside the fixed shell so that the cavities on both sides of the anti-door (51) are isolated, and the anti-door (51) is an elastic hemisphere bent toward the gun barrel (4); The microparticles (7) to be launched are placed on the curved surface of the anti-gate (51) on the side facing away from the gun chamber (4).

2. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contraction section of the Laval accelerating tube (3) is used to make the gas reach supersonic speed when passing through the narrow throat, and the expansion section of the Laval accelerating tube (3) is used to stabilize the airflow and increase the gas flow rate; the inner wall of the Laval accelerating tube (3) is polished.

3. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed housing includes a male connector (52) and a female connector (53); The first end of the male connector (52) is connected to the exhaust end of the gun barrel (4), and the second end of the male connector (52) is connected to the first end of the female connector (53); The second end of the male head (52) is provided with a limiting boss, and the first end of the wood is provided with a limiting groove, and the limiting boss and the limiting groove are plugged in and matched to realize the limiting of the male head (52) and the female head (53); The anti-door (51) is installed between the male head (52) and the female head (53).

4. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second end of the male head (52) is provided with a mounting groove, and the reverse door (51) is arranged in the mounting groove and is pressed and fixed by the female head (53).

5. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The edge of the reverse door (51) is provided with an engaging protrusion, and the installation groove is provided with an engaging groove, and the engaging protrusion is engaged and assembled in the engaging groove.

6. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting bosses are arranged in four equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the limiting grooves are arranged in four corresponding to the limiting bosses.

7. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-gate (51) is provided with a plurality of concentric annular marking lines on the curved surface facing away from the gun chamber (4), and the microparticles (7) to be launched are placed at the center of the anti-gate (51).

8. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-door (51) is made of silicone rubber material.

9. The single particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air pressure regulating module is a pressure regulating valve, and the air pressure control valve (6) is a solenoid valve.

10. A method for using the single-particle high-pressure pneumatic accelerator based on an inverted gate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: High-pressure gas is injected into the first air chamber (22) and the second air chamber (23) through the high-pressure gas source (1), so that the air pressure in the first air chamber (22) and the second air chamber (23) reaches the target pressure; S2: placing the particles (7) to be launched on the curved surface of the anti-gate (51) facing away from the barrel (4); S3: The air pressure control valve (6) is opened to connect the first air chamber (22) with the atmosphere. Under the action of the air pressure difference between the first air chamber (22) and the second air chamber (23), the piston is withdrawn from the Laval accelerator tube (3). The high-pressure gas in the second air chamber (23) is accelerated by the Laval accelerator tube (3) and enters the gun chamber (4) and impacts the anti-gate (51). The anti-gate (51) is deformed under the impact of the high-speed gas and emits microparticles (7). S4: The pressure is released to allow the anti-door (51) to recover under the action of elastic force.

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