Rapid sampling equipment for geological hydraulic ring exploration

Abstract

The invention discloses geological hydraulic ring exploration rapid sampling equipment which comprises a sampling pipe, a drill bit is welded to the front end of the sampling pipe, a strip-shaped sampling opening is formed in the side wall of the sampling pipe in the axial direction, and a slidable baffle is arranged on the inner side of the sampling opening; the front end of the drill rod is coaxially connected to the rear end of the sampling pipe, and the drill rod is driven by a driving motor to rotate; the spiral conveying rod is coaxially arranged in the drill rod, a gap is kept between the front end of the spiral conveying rod and the rear end face of the drill bit, and the rear end extends to the sample collecting bin; wherein a telescopic sampling cavity is additionally arranged in the sampling pipe, the sampling cavity is supported by a memory alloy spring and contracts in a groove in the inner wall of the sampling pipe in a normal state, through the structural design of the slidable baffle and the sectional type hollow drill rod, the problem that a sampling opening is blocked is effectively solved, and three working modes are designed according to different stratum characteristics; the equipment can keep an optimal sampling state in soft soil, cohesive soil and hard rock stratums, and the adaptability is obviously enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological exploration sampling equipment, and more specifically, to a rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration. Background Art

[0002] In the field of geological, hydraulic, and environmental exploration, traditional sampling equipment has the following technical limitations: conventional sampling tubes use a fixed sampling window structure, which is prone to window clogging when drilling into hard formations, resulting in a decrease in sample collection rate. This is mainly due to rock debris particles getting stuck at the edge of the window; the adaptive ability to different formation characteristics is insufficient, and samples are prone to scattering when sampling soft soil layers, while there is a problem of insufficient sampling volume when sampling hard rock formations. Existing technologies usually require the replacement of samplers of different specifications to cope with this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid sampling device for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration, comprising: A sampling tube, the front end of which is welded with a drill bit, a strip-shaped sampling port is provided on the side wall of the sampling tube along the axial direction, the sampling port is located on the rear side of the rear end face of the drill bit, and a slidable baffle is provided inside the sampling port, and the baffle is connected to the inner wall of the sampling tube through a slide rail mechanism; A drill rod, the front end of which is coaxially connected to the rear end of the sampling tube through a thread, the drill rod being a segmented hollow structure, and the drill rod being driven by a drive motor to rotate; A spiral conveying rod is coaxially arranged inside the drill rod, with a front end of the spiral conveying rod maintaining a gap from the rear end face of the drill bit, and a rear end extending to the sample collection chamber; Wherein, a retractable sampling cavity is added in the sampling tube, and the sampling cavity is supported by a memory alloy spring and is normally contracted in the groove on the inner wall of the sampling tube.

[0004] Preferably, the outer wall of the sampling cavity is provided with a temperature-sensitive coating, and the inner wall is embedded with a pressure sensor array; the memory alloy spring can cause the sampling cavity to pop outward when the phase transition temperature is reached.

[0005] Preferably, a rotatable scraper is provided in the sampling cavity, and the scraper is driven by a micro motor; a gap of 0.1 mm is maintained between the scraper and the inner wall of the sampling cavity.

[0006] Preferably, an annular air cavity is additionally provided on the side wall of the sampling tube, which is connected to a surface air compressor via an air path in the drill pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the sampling process is as follows: S1, drilling stage: the driving motor drives the drill bit to rotate and break the formation through the drill pipe, at this time the baffle completely closes the sampling port; S2, sampling stage: After reaching the target depth, the rotation stops, the hydraulic cylinder pulls the baffle to open the sampling port, and the formation sample enters the sampling tube under the action of its own weight; S3, transport stage: start the spiral transport rod to rotate and transport the sample to the collection chamber; S4, Closing stage: After completing the sampling, push the baffle to close the sampling port, and then continue drilling or lifting the equipment.

[0008] Preferably, in the S2 sampling stage, if accurate sampling is required, the following operations are performed: S21. When the target formation is detected, the memory alloy spring is heated to a phase transition temperature by a heating device; S22, after the sampling cavity is ejected, the scraper is started to rotate and remove the attachments on the inner wall of the cavity; S23. After the sampling is completed, the heating is stopped to allow the memory alloy spring to return to its original shape, and the sampling cavity is retracted into the groove.

[0009] Preferably, during drilling, The strain gauge built into the drill pipe is used to detect the formation resistance in real time. According to the different formation resistances, it is divided into shallow soft soil layer mode, middle clay soil layer mode and deep hard rock layer mode. Different working modes are switched according to different soil layer modes.

[0010] Preferably, different working modes are switched according to different soil layer modes, specifically: a) Shallow soft soil mode: Start the screw conveyor rod to rotate at a low speed of 30 rpm, and the sample enters the sampling port only by its own weight, and the baffle opening time is shortened to 2 seconds; b) Middle clay soil layer mode: Start the screw conveyor rod to rotate at a low speed of 80 rpm, and simultaneously start the micro vibrator in the sampling chamber with the vibration frequency set to 50 Hz; c) Deep hard rock mode: The spiral conveying rod is accelerated to 200 rpm, and the heating power of the memory alloy spring is increased, causing the sampling cavity to pop out. After the sampling cavity is ejected, the rotating scraper is started to operate continuously; Preferably, in the deep hard rock formation mode, when rock debris accumulation is detected, nitrogen is injected at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 3 seconds; after the air wash, the spiral conveying rod is started after a delay of 1.5 seconds.

[0011] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration rapid sampling equipment of the present invention effectively prevents the problem of sampling port clogging through the structural design of a sliding baffle and a segmented hollow drill rod. In addition, the three working modes designed for different stratum characteristics enable the equipment to maintain the optimal sampling state in soft soil, clay soil and hard rock formations, and its adaptability is significantly enhanced.

[0012] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a rapid sampling device for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sampling tube according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sampling chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0017] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are for illustrative purposes only, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other obvious variations. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description may be applied to other embodiments, variations, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0018] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, in the disclosure of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0019] It is to be understood that the term "one" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the elements may be multiple, and the term "one" should not be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

[0020] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid sampling device for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration, comprising: A sampling tube 1 is provided with a drill bit 2 welded to its front end. A strip-shaped sampling port 3 is provided on the side wall of the sampling tube 1 along the axial direction. The sampling port 3 is located on the rear side of the rear end face of the drill bit 2. A slidable baffle 4 is provided inside the sampling port 3. The baffle 4 is connected to the inner wall of the sampling tube 1 via a slide rail mechanism. A drill rod 5, the front end of which is coaxially connected to the rear end of the sampling tube 1 by a thread, and the drill rod 5 is a segmented hollow structure, and the drill rod 5 is driven by a drive motor to rotate; The spiral conveying rod 6 is coaxially arranged inside the drill rod 5 . The front end of the spiral conveying rod 6 maintains a gap from the rear end surface of the drill bit, and the rear end extends to the sample collection chamber 7 .

[0021] A retractable sampling cavity 8 is added in the sampling tube. The sampling cavity 8 is supported by a memory alloy spring 9 and is normally retracted in the groove on the inner wall of the sampling tube 1 .

[0022] In the above technical solution, the sampling tube 1 is a tubular component used to collect geological samples. A drill bit 2 is welded to the front end for drilling into the formation, and a sampling port is provided on the side wall for sample entry. The sampling port 3 is a strip-shaped opening in the side wall of the sampling tube, located behind the rear end face of the drill bit, for the entry of formation samples into the tube. A baffle is slidably mounted inside the sampling port to close or open the port and control sample entry. A slide mechanism connects the baffle 4 to the inner wall of the sampling tube, enabling smooth sliding of the baffle 4. The slide mechanism consists of a slide rail 10 and a slider. The slide rail is fixed to the inner wall of the sampling tube, and the slider is connected to the baffle to ensure smooth sliding of the baffle. The front end of the drill rod 5 is coaxially connected to the rear end of the sampling tube 1 through a thread. Driven by a drive motor, it rotates, transmitting power and providing space for the screw conveyor. The drive motor provides power for the rotation of the drill rod. The screw conveyor 6 is coaxially mounted inside the drill rod 5 to convey the sample entering the sampling tube 1 to the sample collection chamber 7. The drill rod is segmented and its length can be adjusted at any time according to the drilling depth.

[0023] During operation, the drill bit 2 rotates and breaks up the stratum during drilling. When sampling is required, the sliding baffle 4 opens the sampling port, and the formation sample enters the sampling tube 1 under its own weight. The sample is then transported to the sample collection chamber 7 via the spiral conveying rod 6, completing the sampling process. When precise original sampling of the sample is required, the retractable sampling chamber can be controlled to pop out. The pop-up sampling chamber 8 forms an independent sampling space. The sample preferentially enters this chamber through the sampling port 3, and the sampler can open and close its opening as needed. Specifically, by controlling the temperature, the sampling chamber is ejected when the phase transition temperature of the memory alloy spring 9 is reached.

[0024] In another technical solution, the outer wall of the sampling cavity 8 is provided with a temperature-sensitive coating, and the inner wall is embedded with a pressure sensor array; the memory alloy spring can make the sampling cavity pop outward when the phase transition temperature is reached.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the temperature-sensing coating monitors the external ambient temperature in real time to avoid sampling failure caused by overheating. The pressure sensor array accurately measures the pressure change when the sample enters to ensure stable sampling volume. The memory alloy spring undergoes a specific temperature change. When this temperature is reached, the shape and mechanical properties of the spring change, thereby enabling the sampling chamber to be ejected or retracted. The pressure sensor array embedded in the inner wall contains 12 micro sensors, evenly distributed on the inner surface of the cavity. The phase change temperature of the memory alloy spring is 65°C, and the heating device uses resistance wire heating with an adjustable power range of 50-200W. When the temperature reaches 65°C, the memory alloy spring extends, pushing the sampling chamber 8 to fully eject. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure change when the sample enters in real time, and the data is transmitted to the ground control system through the signal line in the drill pipe 5. After sampling is completed, heating stops, the spring cools and contracts, and drives the sampling chamber 8 to reset.

[0026] In another technical solution, a rotatable scraper 11 is provided in the sampling cavity 8 and driven by a micro motor; a gap of 0.1 mm is maintained between the scraper and the inner wall of the sampling cavity.

[0027] In this technical solution, the rotating scraper effectively removes sample adhering to the inner wall of the sampling chamber, reducing residue and improving sampling integrity. Scraper 11 is made of stainless steel and is the same length as sampling chamber 8. A 0.1mm gap is maintained between the edge of scraper 11 and the inner wall of sampling chamber 8, ensuring effective cleaning while avoiding scratching the inner wall and extending the service life of the device.

[0028] Considering that when sampling hard rock or highly viscous formations, rock cuttings tend to accumulate near the sampling port, affecting subsequent sampling efficiency, another technical solution is to add an annular air cavity to the side wall of the sampling tube, which is connected to a surface air compressor through an air path in the drill pipe.

[0029] In the above technical solution, after the surface air compressor is started, compressed air enters the annular air cavity through the air path in the drill pipe, removes residual rock debris near the sampling port, prevents blockage, and improves the stability of continuous sampling. The air path and the drill pipe are designed as an integrated whole, without the need for additional pipelines, with a compact structure and convenient operation. The cross-section of the annular air cavity processed on the side wall of the sampling tube 1 is semicircular. The annular air cavity is connected to the surface air compressor through the air path set in the drill pipe 5. There are several jet holes evenly distributed around the annular air cavity, and the injection angle is toward the sampling port 3. Moreover, during the drilling process, the compressed air in the annular air cavity can also play a variety of roles. For example, when drilling into softer formations, the air in the annular air cavity can be sprayed into the formation around the sampling tube at a certain flow rate and pressure by controlling the gas pressure, thereby disturbing the formation to a certain extent, making it easier for the sample to enter the sampling port and improving the sampling efficiency. At the same time, the setting of the air path system can also play a role in cooling the drill bit and drill pipe to a certain extent, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

[0030] In another technical solution, the sampling process is as follows: S1, drilling stage: the driving motor drives the drill bit to rotate and break the formation through the drill pipe, at this time the baffle completely closes the sampling port; S2, sampling stage: After reaching the target depth, the rotation stops, the hydraulic cylinder pulls the baffle to open the sampling port, and the formation sample enters the sampling tube under the action of its own weight; S3, transport stage: start the spiral transport rod to rotate and transport the sample to the collection chamber; S4, Closing stage: After completing the sampling, push the baffle to close the sampling port, and then continue drilling or lifting the equipment.

[0031] In the above technical solution, during the drilling phase, the drive motor starts and transmits power to the drill pipe, causing the drill pipe to drive the drill bit welded to the front end to rotate at high speed. The drill bit's rotation speed is adjusted according to the formation conditions and is generally between 100 and 500 rpm. At this time, a baffle, driven by the hydraulic cylinder, completely seals the sampling port to prevent debris from entering the sampling tube during drilling. The hydraulic cylinder supplies pressurized oil via a hydraulic pump, whose start, stop, and pressure are controlled by the control system. During the drilling process, sensors installed on the drill pipe (such as accelerometers and pressure sensors) monitor the drilling status, such as penetration rate and formation resistance, in real time. These data are fed back to the control system, allowing the operator to adjust drilling parameters based on actual conditions.

[0032] When the target depth is reached, the control system issues a command to stop the drive motor and the drill bit. Simultaneously, the control system controls the hydraulic pump to supply reverse pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder, causing it to pull the baffle, which slides along the slide mechanism, thereby opening the sampling port. Under the action of its own weight, the formation sample passes through the sampling port and into the sampling tube.

[0033] During the conveying phase, the auger is activated. It is driven by a motor via a belt or chain drive. The motor speed can be adjusted based on the sample characteristics and conveying distance, typically ranging from 50 to 200 rpm. As the auger rotates, the sample entering the sampling tube is pushed by the spiral blades and transported along the internal channel of the drill pipe to the sample collection chamber. The sample collection chamber is typically located above ground and connected to the rear end of the drill pipe via a pipe. A sealing device is installed at the connection to prevent sample leakage.

[0034] During the closing phase, after sampling is complete, the control system controls the hydraulic pump to supply pressurized oil to the hydraulic cylinder again, causing the cylinder to push the baffle in the opposite direction, closing the sampling port. At this point, the equipment can continue drilling to the next target depth for sampling, or it can be raised to the surface using a lifting device (such as a winch).

[0035] In another technical solution, in the S2 sampling phase, if accurate sampling is required, the following operations are performed: S21. When the target formation is detected, the memory alloy spring is heated to a phase transition temperature by a heating device; S22, after the sampling cavity is ejected, the scraper is started to rotate and remove the attachments on the inner wall of the cavity; S23. After the sampling is completed, the heating is stopped to allow the memory alloy spring to return to its original shape, and the sampling cavity is retracted into the groove.

[0036] It achieves precise control of the sampling process, with a temperature control accuracy of ±1°C and a position repeatability of 0.3mm. It is particularly suitable for exploration scenarios requiring precise layered sampling.

[0037] In another technical solution, during the drilling process, the strain gauge built into the drill pipe is used to detect the formation resistance in real time. According to the different formation resistances, the system is divided into shallow soft soil layer mode, middle clay soil layer mode and deep hard rock layer mode, and different working modes are switched according to different soil layer modes.

[0038] In another technical solution, different working modes are switched according to different soil layer modes, specifically: a) Shallow soft soil mode: Start the screw conveyor rod to rotate at a low speed of 30 rpm, and the sample enters the sampling port only by its own weight, and the baffle opening time is shortened to 2 seconds; b) Middle clay soil layer mode: Start the screw conveyor rod to rotate at a low speed of 80 rpm, and simultaneously start the micro vibrator in the sampling chamber with the vibration frequency set to 50 Hz; c) Deep hard rock mode: The spiral conveying rod is accelerated to 200 rpm, and the heating power of the memory alloy spring is increased, causing the sampling cavity to pop out. After the sampling cavity is ejected, the rotating scraper is started to operate continuously; In another technical solution, in the deep hard rock formation mode, when rock debris accumulation is detected, nitrogen is sprayed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 3 seconds; after air washing, the spiral conveying rod is started after a delay of 1.5 seconds.

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A rapid sampling device for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration, characterized in that: include: A sampling tube, the front end of which is welded with a drill bit, a strip-shaped sampling port is provided on the side wall of the sampling tube along the axial direction, the sampling port is located on the rear side of the rear end face of the drill bit, and a slidable baffle is provided inside the sampling port, and the baffle is connected to the inner wall of the sampling tube through a slide rail mechanism; A drill rod, the front end of which is coaxially connected to the rear end of the sampling tube through a thread, the drill rod being a segmented hollow structure, and the drill rod being driven by a drive motor to rotate; A spiral conveying rod is coaxially arranged inside the drill rod, with a front end of the spiral conveying rod maintaining a gap from the rear end face of the drill bit, and a rear end extending to the sample collection chamber; Wherein, a retractable sampling cavity is added in the sampling tube, and the sampling cavity is supported by a memory alloy spring and is normally contracted in the groove on the inner wall of the sampling tube.

2. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the sampling cavity is provided with a temperature sensing coating, and the inner wall is inlaid with a pressure sensor array; the memory alloy spring can make the sampling cavity pop outward when the phase change temperature is reached.

3. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A rotatable scraper is provided in the sampling cavity and driven by a micro motor, and a gap of 0.1 mm is maintained between the scraper and the inner wall of the sampling cavity.

4. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An annular air cavity is additionally provided on the side wall of the sampling tube, which is connected to a surface air compressor through an air path in the drill pipe.

5. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The sampling process is as follows: S1, drilling stage: the driving motor drives the drill bit to rotate and break the formation through the drill pipe, at this time the baffle completely closes the sampling port; S2, sampling stage: After reaching the target depth, the rotation stops, the hydraulic cylinder pulls the baffle to open the sampling port, and the formation sample enters the sampling tube under the action of its own weight; S3, transport stage: start the spiral transport rod to rotate and transport the sample to the collection chamber; S4, Closing stage: After completing the sampling, push the baffle to close the sampling port, and then continue drilling or lifting the equipment.

6. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In the S2 sampling phase, if accurate sampling is required, the following operations are performed: S21. When the target formation is detected, the memory alloy spring is heated to a phase transition temperature by a heating device; S22, after the sampling cavity is ejected, the scraper is started to rotate and remove the attachments on the inner wall of the cavity; S23. After the sampling is completed, the heating is stopped to allow the memory alloy spring to return to its original shape, and the sampling cavity is retracted into the groove.

7. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 5 is characterized in that: During drilling, The strain gauge built into the drill pipe is used to detect the formation resistance in real time. According to the different formation resistances, it is divided into shallow soft soil layer mode, middle clay soil layer mode and deep hard rock layer mode. Different working modes are switched according to different soil layer modes.

8. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Switch to different working modes according to different soil layer modes, specifically: a) Shallow soft soil mode: Start the screw conveyor rod to rotate at a low speed of 30 rpm, and the sample enters the sampling port only by its own weight, and the baffle opening time is shortened to 2 seconds; b) Middle clay soil layer mode: Start the screw conveyor rod to rotate at a low speed of 80 rpm, and simultaneously start the micro vibrator in the sampling chamber with the vibration frequency set to 50 Hz; c) Deep hard rock mode: The spiral conveying rod is accelerated to 200 rpm, and the heating power of the memory alloy spring is increased, so that the sampling cavity pops outward. After the sampling cavity pops out, the rotating scraper is started to operate continuously.

9. The rapid sampling equipment for geological, hydraulic and environmental exploration according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the deep hard rock mode, when rock debris accumulation is detected, nitrogen is injected at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 3 seconds; after air washing, the spiral conveying rod is started after a delay of 1.5 seconds.

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