Controllable soil compaction degree alarm and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of backfill engineering, in particular to a controllable soil compactness alarm and a working method thereof. The alarm comprises a shell, a rotary screw rod, a rotary potentiometer and an alarm compass; the shell comprises an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover and the lower cover are connected in an inserted mode, and a reset spring is arranged between the upper cover and the lower cover. The upper end of the rotating screw is rotationally connected with the upper cover, and the lower end of the rotating screw is in threaded connection with the lower cover; the rotary potentiometer comprises a resistance value dial and a support frame, the resistance value dial is mounted on the lower cover, and the support frame is rotationally mounted on the resistance value dial; and the alarm compass is fixed on the support frame and is in threaded connection with the rotating screw rod. The compaction degree can be monitored in real time in the backfill soil construction process, the compaction quality of the whole construction area is comprehensively and accurately reflected, and reworking and potential safety hazards caused by the problems of foundation sinking, foundation inclination and the like in the later period are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of backfill engineering, and in particular to a controllable soil compaction alarm and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Backfilling is a common construction process in many fields, including construction, road construction, and infrastructure. Its purpose is to backfill and compact excavated soil to ensure foundation stability and bearing capacity, prevent subsequent quality issues such as ground subsidence, foundation tilting, or equipment sinking, and ensure the safety and reliability of buildings, roads, and various equipment foundations. Backfill compaction testing is a key indicator of backfill construction quality. It reflects the density of the soil after compaction and is directly related to the stability and durability of the entire project structure.

[0003] Traditional backfill soil compaction testing methods mainly include sand filling method, water filling method, knife ring method, nuclear density meter method, and non-nuclear density meter method. Although these methods can measure compaction to a certain extent, they have many limitations in practical applications: First, real-time performance is poor, as it relies on post-process testing. Sand injection must be performed after compaction operations have ceased, and it cannot provide real-time information on the compaction level while compaction machinery, such as rollers, is operating. This prevents operators from immediately understanding the current compaction performance, making it difficult to identify undercompacted areas and recompact them. This can lead to localized undercompacted areas going undetected, necessitating extensive rework later.

[0004] Secondly, it is destructive and affects safety: the process of digging a test pit disrupts the compacted soil structure. Sampling at key locations may weaken the bearing capacity of the soil in that area, posing potential safety hazards. This falls under the category of destructive testing.

[0005] In addition, the operation is complicated and relies on professionals: the sand filling method has cumbersome operating steps (digging pits, bagging, weighing, measuring moisture content, filling sand, calculations, etc.), which requires high proficiency and understanding of regulations of the operators, increasing the complexity of construction and labor costs.

[0006] Finally, limited representativeness and inability to comprehensively monitor: Because this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, it can usually only be sampled and tested at a limited number of locations. This sparse sampling method makes it difficult to fully and accurately reflect the uniformity of compaction quality across the entire backfill area, creating the risk of missed detections and preventing comprehensive statistical analysis and real-time monitoring of the backfill area's compaction quality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a controllable soil compaction alarm, which can realize real-time monitoring of the compaction degree during the backfill construction process, comprehensively and accurately reflect the compaction quality of the entire construction area, reduce interference from human factors, improve detection efficiency and accuracy, and effectively avoid rework and safety hazards caused by problems such as foundation sinking and foundation tilt in the later stage, thereby improving the quality control level of backfill projects and providing reliable protection for construction.

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: A controllable soil compaction alarm comprises: a shell, a rotating screw, a rotary potentiometer and an alarm compass; the shell comprises an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover and the lower cover are plug-connected, and a reset spring is provided between the upper cover and the lower cover; the upper end of the rotating screw is rotatably connected to the upper cover, and the lower end of the rotating screw is threadedly connected to the lower cover; the rotary potentiometer comprises a resistance dial and a support frame, the resistance dial is mounted on the lower cover, and the support frame is rotatably mounted on the resistance dial; the alarm compass is fixed on the support frame, and the alarm compass is threadedly connected to the rotating screw.

[0009] Optionally, the top of the lower cover is provided with a groove, the bottom of the upper cover has a convex ring matching the shape of the groove, and the convex ring of the upper cover is inserted into the groove of the lower cover.

[0010] Optionally, the upper end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the upper cover, and the lower end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the lower cover, and the elastic force of the return spring has a tendency to move the upper cover and the lower cover away from each other.

[0011] Optionally, a bearing is provided in the middle of the upper cover, and the upper end of the rotating screw is installed in the bearing and has an interference fit with the inner ring of the bearing.

[0012] Optionally, a threaded hole is opened in the middle of the lower cover, the pitch of the threaded hole is the same as the pitch of the rotating screw, and the lower end of the rotating screw is threadedly installed in the threaded hole.

[0013] Optionally, a nut is provided in the middle of the lower cover, the pitch of the nut is the same as the pitch of the rotating screw, and the lower end thread of the rotating screw is installed in the nut.

[0014] Optionally, the alarm further includes a pressure value display, and the pressure value display is connected to the rotary potentiometer via a wire.

[0015] Optionally, a compass needle is provided on the alarm compass, and the compass needle is used to indicate the resistance data on the resistance dial.

[0016] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for operating the controllable soil compaction alarm as described above, comprising: The alarms are arranged in the soil layer at equal intervals. When the soil layer is compressed, the soil pressure acts on the shell, and the compression spring causes the upper cover to slide axially relative to the lower cover. The axial sliding compression of the shell drives the rotating screw to rotate; The rotation of the screw drives the support frame to rotate, thereby changing the resistance value of the rotary potentiometer; The rotary potentiometer transmits the changing resistance value signal to the pressure value display. The pressure value display calculates and displays the corresponding soil pressure value based on the received resistance value signal and the preset resistance-pressure calibration relationship; When the value displayed on the pressure value display does not meet the set compaction requirement, continue to roll the backfill soil until the set compaction requirement is met.

[0017] Optionally, the resistance-pressure calibration relationship is a mapping relationship pre-established by calibrating the resistance value change of the rotary potentiometer under known pressure conditions.

[0018] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: The controllable soil compaction alarm of the present invention can convert the magnitude of soil pressure into the rotation angle of the alarm compass, thereby realizing the monitoring of soil compaction, and can sense and feedback the pressure on the soil or related compaction status information in real time and continuously during the construction process of compaction machinery, thereby solving the problem of poor real-time performance of the existing technology. Non-destructive testing is achieved, avoiding damage to the compacted soil layer caused by sampling and testing, and eliminating the safety hazards caused thereby. The operating process is simplified, the dependence on professional and technical personnel is reduced, and it is convenient for on-site construction personnel to quickly deploy and use it. It also supports multi-point distributed deployment in the backfill area, so that the compaction uniformity of the entire construction area can be fully monitored, regional compaction data can be counted, under-compacted areas can be discovered and located in a timely manner, and pressure leakage can be effectively prevented, thereby improving the overall construction quality control and efficiency, and reducing the risk of engineering rework and quality accidents due to insufficient compaction.

[0019] Additional advantages of the present invention will be given in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some of the embodiments described in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort. In addition, the spacing or size between components is exaggerated to show the position of each component, and the schematic diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.

[0021] Figure 1 On-site photos showing the sinking or tilting of equipment foundations due to ground subsidence; Figure 2 It is an on-site photo of a large area of ​​road cracking and sinking; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an alarm provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a resistance scale provided by an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Lower cover; 2. Upper cover; 3. Return spring; 4. Alarm compass; 5. Support frame; 6. Compass needle; 7. Rotating screw; 8. Pressure value display; 9. Power plug; 10. Resistance dial; DETAILED DESCRIPTION It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to further illustrate the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, in the main powerhouse of a certain power plant, the foundation of the equipment sank or tilted due to ground subsidence, which brought great quality risks to the operation of the equipment; especially in the work of equipment and high-pressure pipelines, quality accidents caused by the "competition" between the foundation, equipment and pipelines often occurred, and the reinforcement and rework costs totaled more than 1 million yuan, causing huge losses to the enterprise and posing great safety risks to the operation.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, this is a road construction site. After a large area of ​​super-thick backfill was completed, a one-time compaction was carried out, and then the roadbed construction was carried out. After the road was opened to traffic, large areas of the road surface cracked and sank, and the driving was severely bumpy.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment proposes a controllable soil compaction alarm, which further upgrades the compaction test method on the existing technical level, strengthens the inspection of backfill soil, and sets a compaction alarm to fully control the compaction quality of backfill soil, effectively avoiding the distortion of the compaction test method or the influence of human operation factors that lead to unqualified backfill, and plays a vital role in improving the quality of backfill and compaction.

[0025] like Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the controllable soil compaction alarm includes a shell, a rotating screw 7, a rotary potentiometer and an alarm compass 4; the shell includes an upper cover 2 and a lower cover 1, the upper cover 2 and the lower cover 1 are plug-connected, and a reset spring 3 is provided between the upper cover 2 and the lower cover 1; the upper end of the rotating screw 7 is rotatably connected to the upper cover 2, and the lower end of the rotating screw 7 is threadedly connected to the lower cover 1; the rotary potentiometer includes a resistance dial 10 and a support frame 5, the resistance dial 10 is mounted on the lower cover 1, and the support frame 5 is rotatably mounted on the resistance dial 10; the alarm compass 4 is fixed on the support frame 5, and the alarm compass 4 is threadedly connected to the rotating screw 7.

[0026] The housing consists of an upper cover 2 and a lower cover 1 that are plugged together to form an enclosed cavity that can slide axially relative to each other, protecting the internal components from backfill intrusion and damage from roller rolling. A reset spring 3 between the upper cover 2 and the lower cover 1 provides a reset force, restoring the alarm to its initial state and preparing for the next compaction measurement. The rotating screw 7 serves as the core motion conversion component, with its upper end rotationally connected to the upper cover 2 and its lower end threadedly connected to the lower cover 1. When soil pressure acts on the housing, compressing it, the lower cover 1 slides axially relative to the upper cover 2, thereby driving the rotating screw 7 to rotate. The rotary potentiometer includes a resistance dial 10 (fixed portion) and a support frame 5 (rotating portion). The resistance dial 10 is fixed to the lower cover 1 to provide a reference, and the support frame 5 is rotatably mounted on the resistance dial 10. The alarm compass 4 is fixed to the support frame 5 and threadedly connected to the rotating screw 7.

[0027] The rotation of screw 7 drives the synchronous rotation of alarm compass 4 and its attached support frame 5. The rotation of support frame 5 changes the resistance of the rotary potentiometer (i.e., the change in the relative angle between resistance dial 10 and support frame 5 generates a resistance signal). This converts external soil pressure (axial compression) into rotational motion of screw 7 through the sliding movement of the housing and the threaded pair. This in turn drives the rotation of support frame 5 of the rotary potentiometer, ultimately converting the pressure information into a measurable resistance change signal.

[0028] Compared with existing detection methods, this alarm can effectively monitor the compaction quality control of backfill soil in the entire area; it can monitor the compaction in real time and promptly correct insufficient compaction during the construction process, making it easier to discover the compaction quality of backfill soil in unqualified areas; it is not affected by human factors or limited by technical operation levels; it can prevent quality problems caused by leakage in some areas, effectively conduct data statistics and analyze the causes of the backfill area, and provide a specific research basis for further research on soil quality and the type of compaction machinery.

[0029] The top of the lower cover 1 is provided with a groove, and the bottom of the upper cover 2 is provided with a convex ring matching the shape of the groove, and the convex ring of the upper cover 2 is inserted into the groove of the lower cover 1.

[0030] This groove-convex ring structure effectively guides the axial relative sliding of the upper cover 2 and lower cover 1, preventing radial offset or jamming, ensuring smooth and stable compression and reset processes. This nested structure also enhances the overall rigidity and lateral load resistance of the housing, maintaining structural integrity under soil compression and roller vibration, and ensuring the precise operation of the internal motion conversion mechanism.

[0031] The upper end of the return spring 3 is fixedly connected to the upper cover 2 , and the lower end of the return spring 3 is fixedly connected to the lower cover 1 . The elastic force of the return spring 3 has a tendency to move the upper cover 2 and the lower cover 1 away from each other.

[0032] When the alarm is unpressurized or pressure is released, the return spring 3 is extended, its elastic force acting on the upper and lower covers 2 and 1, causing them to move away from each other. When external soil pressure compresses the housing (pulling the upper and lower covers 2 and 1 together), the spring is compressed and stores energy. Once the external pressure decreases or disappears, the stored spring force is released, pushing the upper and lower covers 2 and 1 away from each other in the direction of insertion, restoring them to their initial length and preparing for the next measurement.

[0033] A bearing is located in the center of the upper cover 2, with its outer ring fixed to the upper cover 2. The upper end of the rotating screw 7 is mounted within the bearing and has an interference fit with the inner ring of the bearing. This interference fit ensures a tight connection between the rotating screw 7 and the inner ring of the bearing, allowing them to rotate synchronously.

[0034] A threaded hole is formed in the middle of the lower cover 1. The pitch of the threaded hole is the same as the pitch of the rotating screw 7. The lower end of the rotating screw 7 is threadedly mounted in the threaded hole. This integrated design reduces the number of parts, makes the structure more compact, and improves the overall strength.

[0035] In another embodiment, a nut is provided in the middle of the lower cover 1 , the pitch of the nut is the same as the pitch of the rotating screw 7 , and the lower end of the rotating screw 7 is threadedly installed in the nut.

[0036] The nut can be welded, inlaid, or otherwise securely fastened to the lower cover 1. This split nut design facilitates manufacturing and assembly, particularly when the material of the lower cover 1 is difficult to machine with precision threads or when improved thread wear resistance is required. The nut's pitch precisely matches the screw's pitch, ensuring that linear displacement of the lower cover 1 is accurately and slip-free converted into screw rotational angles.

[0037] The alarm also includes a pressure display 8, which is connected to the rotary potentiometer via a wire. The pressure display 8 receives the resistance signal from the rotary potentiometer and contains a signal processing circuit (analog-to-digital converter, microprocessor, etc.) and a display unit (LCD screen). The display calculates and visually displays the corresponding soil pressure value in real time based on the resistance signal output by the rotary potentiometer, which varies with soil pressure, according to a preset resistance-pressure calibration relationship. This allows construction personnel to directly read the soil pressure during compaction, providing real-time data for determining the degree of compaction.

[0038] The alarm compass 4 is provided with a compass needle 6 , and the compass needle 6 is used to indicate the resistance data on the resistance scale 10 .

[0039] When the rotating screw 7 drives the alarm compass 4 to rotate, the compass needle 6 moves on the resistance scale 10, indicating the current resistance value scale, providing a mechanical and intuitive local reading reference, which is convenient for intuitive viewing during calibration and debugging.

[0040] The alarm takes samples on site after the compaction by the compacting machine to measure whether the compaction degree of the soil in the alarm range meets the design requirements, so that the compaction value on the alarm is the compaction value required by the design. The compaction variables can be seen from the data display instrument, and the compaction machinery, compaction weight, compaction method, soil selection, etc. can be learned from the site to obtain comprehensive mathematical and statistical data.

[0041] In summary, the alarm can count the compaction values ​​in the compaction area and can provide real-time feedback on the compaction information, making it easy to grasp the compaction situation in a timely manner; it does not require professional testing technicians to implement, but only needs to master the correct placement method and correctly arrange the soil compaction alarms according to needs; it effectively avoids the disadvantages of human manipulation, greatly improves the guarantee measures for compaction quality, and effectively reduces the rework measures of later foundation treatment.

[0042] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for operating the controllable soil compaction alarm as described in Example 1, including: First, multiple alarms are arranged in an evenly spaced grid at a specified depth (e.g., 400mm-500mm) within the backfill layer to be compacted, typically at the bottom of the layered backfill. During the backfill process, the compaction alarms are positioned in a forward-facing position. Power is connected via the power plug 9, or after compaction, to test whether the same compaction data is achieved during the test section.

[0043] When compacting the soil using a compacting machine (e.g., a roller), the soil pressure is transmitted and acts on the alarm housing. This soil pressure overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 3, causing the upper cover 2 to slide axially relative to the lower cover 1, resulting in housing compression.

[0044] Axial sliding of the housing drives the rotating screw 7 to rotate about its axis. This rotation, through its threaded connection to the alarm compass 4, drives the alarm compass 4 and its attached support frame 5 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the support frame 5 changes the relative angle between the rotary potentiometer (resistance dial 10 and support frame 5), causing the resistance value of the rotary potentiometer to continuously change.

[0045] The changing resistance value signal is transmitted via a wire to the pressure value display 8. After receiving the resistance value signal, the pressure value display 8 calls its pre-stored internal resistance-pressure calibration relationship, calculates the real-time soil pressure value corresponding to the current resistance value, and displays the pressure value.

[0046] Construction personnel observe the reading on pressure display 8 to determine whether the soil pressure at the location, based on the current number of rolling passes or compaction status, has reached the preset pressure threshold corresponding to an acceptable degree of compaction (this threshold is typically determined during a test section). If the displayed pressure value does not meet the set compaction requirement (i.e., the preset pressure threshold), it indicates that the area is insufficiently compacted and requires the compaction machinery to continue compacting the area. Compaction continues until the value displayed on pressure display 8 reaches or exceeds the set compaction requirement (pressure threshold), at which point the compaction degree at the location is considered acceptable.

[0047] This method produces more comprehensive data than traditional third-party laboratory compaction measurements, essentially eliminating limitations associated with human manipulation or testing capabilities. This provides technicians with a more accurate reference, preventing foundation subsidence, tilting, or sinking after backfilling. This method enables real-time, in-situ, and non-destructive monitoring of soil pressure during compaction. The pressure value serves as a criterion for determining whether the compaction is acceptable, guiding compaction operations and avoiding the delayed and destructive nature of post-inspection checks.

[0048] The resistance-pressure calibration relationship is a mapping relationship pre-established by calibrating the resistance value change of the rotary potentiometer under known pressure conditions.

[0049] The specific process is as follows: In a test section in a laboratory or construction site, the alarm is placed in a calibration device (such as a pressure testing machine) that can accurately apply and measure known pressures. A series of known, standard pressures of varying magnitudes are applied to the alarm. At each known pressure, the resistance value output by the rotary potentiometer is measured and recorded. By collecting multiple sets of data points, a mapping relationship between resistance value and soil pressure can be fitted or established. This correspondence between the change in resistance value and pressure, obtained through calibration under known pressure conditions, is the "preset resistance-pressure calibration relationship." This relationship is pre-stored or input into the pressure value display 8. In actual operation, the display can use this calibration relationship to calculate and display the corresponding soil pressure value based on the real-time measured resistance value.

[0050] This method measures the compaction data of the test area and effectively avoids the disadvantages of manual operation or sampling limitations, effectively solves the situation where backfill soil is difficult to control during construction, and can effectively increase the requirements for the layer thickness of the backfill. For example, after layering, a larger tonnage or multiple compactions are required to reach the corresponding value, effectively avoiding the quality risks left by backfill construction relying on manual sensory construction.

[0051] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable soil compaction alarm, characterized in that: include: Housing, rotary screw, rotary potentiometer and alarm compass; The housing comprises an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover and the lower cover are plug-connected, and a return spring is provided between the upper cover and the lower cover; The upper end of the rotating screw is rotatably connected to the upper cover, and the lower end of the rotating screw is threadedly connected to the lower cover; The rotary potentiometer includes a resistance dial and a support frame, wherein the resistance dial is mounted on the lower cover, and the support frame is rotatably mounted on the resistance dial; The alarm compass is fixed on the support frame, and the alarm compass is threadedly connected to the rotating screw.

2. The controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the lower cover is provided with a groove, the bottom of the upper cover is provided with a convex ring matching the shape of the groove, and the convex ring of the upper cover is inserted into the groove of the lower cover.

3. The controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the upper cover, and the lower end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the lower cover. The elastic force of the return spring has a tendency to move the upper cover and the lower cover away from each other.

4. The controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing is provided in the middle of the upper cover, and the upper end of the rotating screw is installed in the bearing and has an interference fit with the inner ring of the bearing.

5. The controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that: A threaded hole is provided in the middle of the lower cover. The pitch of the threaded hole is the same as the pitch of the rotating screw. The lower end of the rotating screw is threadedly installed in the threaded hole.

6. The controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that: A nut is provided in the middle of the lower cover. The pitch of the nut is the same as the pitch of the rotating screw. The lower end of the rotating screw is threadedly installed in the nut.

7. The controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm device further comprises a pressure value display, and the pressure value display is connected to the rotary potentiometer via a wire.

8. The controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm compass is provided with a compass needle, and the compass needle is used to indicate the resistance data on the resistance dial.

9. A method for operating the controllable soil compaction alarm according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: The alarms are arranged in the soil layer at equal intervals. When the soil layer is compressed, the soil pressure acts on the shell, and the compression spring causes the upper cover to slide axially relative to the lower cover. The axial sliding compression of the shell drives the rotating screw to rotate; The rotation of the screw drives the support frame to rotate, thereby changing the resistance value of the rotary potentiometer; The rotary potentiometer transmits the changing resistance value signal to the pressure value display. The pressure value display calculates and displays the corresponding soil pressure value based on the received resistance value signal and the preset resistance-pressure calibration relationship; When the value displayed on the pressure value display does not meet the set compaction requirement, continue to roll the backfill soil until the set compaction requirement is met.

10. The operating method of the controllable soil compaction alarm according to claim 9, characterized in that: The resistance-pressure calibration relationship is a mapping relationship pre-established by calibrating the resistance value change of the rotary potentiometer under known pressure conditions.

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