Multi-path explosion-proof fuel oil immersed transformer

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-path explosion-proof fuel oil immersed transformer, and aims to solve the problem of insufficient explosion-proof performance caused by the fact that a traditional explosion-proof valve cannot adapt to different pressure changes (such as slow air pressure rise or rapid detonation) due to a single explosion venting path. The transformer is innovatively provided with a multi-path gas adjusting device which comprises a filtering assembly and a moving assembly. Double-path dynamic switching is achieved through vertical movement of the movable plate, when the movable plate moves upwards, the filtering pore plate is unfolded, and gas is subjected to explosion venting through the filtering pore plate extending path; when the filter plate moves downwards, the filter hole plate is squeezed to shrink, and gas is directly vented and exploded through a short path between the bottom plate and the fixing plate. According to the design, the optimal explosion venting path can be automatically matched according to the internal pressure change, the explosion-proof response accuracy is improved, and the safety performance of the transformer under the complex working condition is effectively enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of transformers, and in particular to a multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer. Background Art

[0002] During long-term, high-load operation, oil-immersed transformers heat up due to heat accumulation within the fuel. If heat is not dissipated promptly, combined with external environmental factors (such as lightning strikes, overloads, and short circuits), explosions can occur. Lightning overvoltage can penetrate the insulation layer, while internal electrical faults (such as winding shorts or multiple grounding points in the core) can cause high temperatures and arcing, igniting the fuel. The resulting flammable gases and hydrocarbon mixture from the high-temperature decomposition of the transformer oil can cause a rapid increase in internal pressure. Once the pressure exceeds the tank's tolerance, an explosion can occur. In large-scale power distribution systems, equipment is subject to high temperatures and high pressures for extended periods, leading to frequent explosions and serious property damage and loss of life. However, the pressure inside the transformer fluctuates complexly depending on the type and energy level of the accident. Traditional explosion-proof devices, due to their simple piping design, cannot accurately respond to these varying pressure changes, and suffer from slow response speed and insufficient accuracy. Furthermore, oil particles carried by the gas mixture can interfere with the device's proper functioning, compromising equipment safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application proposes an improvement to address the problem of insufficient explosion-proof performance in traditional explosion-proof valves due to their single explosion-relief path being unable to adapt to different pressure changes (such as slow pressure increases or sudden explosions). By designing a multi-path gas regulating device, the gas flow path is dynamically switched according to different pressure changes, thereby achieving targeted responses to different situations such as slow pressure increases and sudden explosions, effectively improving the adaptability and explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof valve and enhancing the safety of the transformer. The technical solutions provided in this application are as follows: In one aspect, the present application provides a multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer, comprising: Transformer box; explosion-proof box; A multi-path gas regulating device is provided between the transformer box and the explosion-proof box and is connected thereto, and is used to dynamically switch the gas flow path; and comprises: The filter assembly includes a filter plate, an upper fixing plate, and a lower fixing plate; the filter plate is arranged between the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate, the upper fixing plate is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating the filter plate, the filter plate contracts in the receiving cavity when being pressed upward by the lower fixing plate, and falls back under the action of gravity when not being pressed; A movable assembly comprising a movable plate and a bottom plate; the movable plate is disposed above the upper fixed plate and fixedly connected thereto, the bottom plate is disposed below the lower fixed plate, and the movable plate and the bottom plate are connected via a movable support rod; the movable plate is moved by the up and down movement of the bottom plate, wherein: When the movable plate moves upward, the filter plate is completely separated from the lower fixed plate, and the filter plate is completely exposed. The gas entering the multi-path gas regulating device from the transformer box is filtered by the filter plate and then reaches the upper explosion-proof box along the extended path for explosion relief, thereby forming a first gas flow path. When the movable plate moves downward, the filter plate shrinks in the accommodating cavity of the upper fixed plate, and the upper fixed plate fits into the lower fixed plate. The gas entering the multi-path gas regulating device from the transformer box passes along the bottom plate through the air holes on the lower fixed plate and the movable plate to reach the upper part, forming a second gas flow path.

[0004] In an exemplary embodiment, the movable plate is provided with at least one first air hole, and a first movable baffle that can be opened and closed is correspondingly provided below the first air hole; The lower fixed plate is provided with a second air hole corresponding to the position of the first air hole, and a second movable baffle that can be opened and closed is correspondingly provided below the second air hole; When the movable plate moves upward, the first movable shutter closes and seals the first air hole, and the second movable shutter closes and seals the second air hole.

[0005] In an exemplary embodiment, the multi-path gas regulating device further comprises a pressure regulating chamber, wherein the pressure regulating chamber is disposed between the lower fixing plate and the bottom plate and is fixedly connected to the lower fixing plate; The pressure regulating chamber is used to allow gas to enter to compress the bottom plate to move downward, thereby driving the movable plate to move downward.

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment, the bottom plate and the side walls of the multi-path gas regulating device enclose a closed gas explosion suppression chamber, and the gas explosion suppression chamber is pre-filled with an inert gas; An electromagnet is fixedly provided at the bottom of the gas explosion suppression chamber, and the electromagnet is electrically connected to a pressure sensor provided in the transformer box, for receiving a pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor; The bottom plate is provided with a third air hole arranged opposite to the electromagnet, and the first magnet is fixedly arranged in the third air hole; When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the transformer box reaches a preset threshold, the electromagnet is energized to generate an adsorption force, driving the first magnet to move downward, so that the inert gas is released along the third air hole to the second gas flow channel.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the electromagnet and the first magnet are connected via an elastic member, and the elastic member is used to drive the first magnet to return to an initial position when the electromagnet loses power.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the lower fixing plate is fixedly connected to the first side wall of the multi-path gas regulating device, and a gap is reserved between the second end of the lower fixing plate and the second side wall thereof; A second magnet is provided at the second end of the lower fixed plate, and a third magnet is provided at one end of the first movable baffle close to the second side wall. The second magnet and the third magnet cooperate with each other through magnetic force to collaboratively control the movement state of the first movable baffle.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, a fourth magnet is provided at one end of the second movable baffle close to the second side wall, and a fifth magnet is fixedly provided on the movable support rod. The fourth magnet and the fifth magnet cooperate with each other through magnetic force to collaboratively control the movement state of the second movable baffle.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the multi-path gas regulating device is in communication with the transformer box through an air inlet, and the air inlet is disposed above the bottom plate when the bottom plate is in an initial position.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the explosion-proof box includes an explosion-proof membrane or an explosion-proof valve, and the rear end of the explosion-proof membrane or the explosion-proof valve is connected to an expansion chamber for accommodating the gas after explosion release and reducing the impact pressure.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of pressure sensors are provided on the top and side walls of the transformer tank.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer provided by this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the innovative setting of a multi-path gas regulating device, the gas flow path can be dynamically switched according to the pressure change characteristics inside the transformer (slow pressure increase or sudden explosion), achieving precise response to different pressure conditions. This effectively solves the problem that the traditional single-path design cannot adapt to differences in pressure change rates, significantly improves the environmental adaptability and overall explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof valve, and enhances the operational safety of the transformer.

[0014] 2. The filter orifice plate not only serves as a gas flow channel, but also realizes the functions of airflow homogenization and oil droplet separation. By extending the gas flow path, it promotes partial dissipation of pressure energy, reduces the malfunction of the explosion-proof membrane / valve caused by slow pressure accumulation, and at the same time filters the carried oil particles, reducing the impact of oil pollution on the reliability of the explosion-proof membrane / valve operation, thereby improving the pressure sensing accuracy and explosion-proof response accuracy.

[0015] 3. The pressure regulating chamber uses external gas to drive the bottom plate downward, linking the movable plate to move synchronously, shortening the gas flow path and increasing the flow rate, speeding up the time it takes for gas to reach the explosion-proof membrane / valve under high-pressure conditions, and ensuring that when the internal pressure of the transformer rises sharply (such as in the event of a deflagration), the explosion-proof system can quickly trigger pressure relief, effectively shortening the response delay and improving the efficiency of responding to sudden pressure events.

[0016] 4. The gas explosion suppression chamber is pre-filled with inert gas, and combined with the coordinated control of the electromagnet and the first magnet, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the box exceeds the preset threshold, the inert gas can be instantly released into the second gas flow channel. This not only reduces the explosion intensity through chemical suppression, but also utilizes the gas expansion effect to absorb the impact energy. The synergistic effect of these two mechanisms further shortens the explosion-proof response time and reduces the mechanical damage to the equipment caused by the explosion, thereby improving the comprehensive protection capability of the transformer under extreme working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 .

[0019] The following is a supplementary description of the accompanying drawings: 1-transformer box; 2-explosion-proof box; 3-multi-path gas regulating device; 301-filter hole plate; 302-upper fixed plate; 3021-accommodating chamber; 303-lower fixed plate; 3031-second air hole; 3032-second movable baffle; 304-movable plate; 3041-first air hole; 3042-first movable baffle; 305-bottom plate; 306-movable support rod; 307-pressure regulating chamber; 308-gas explosion suppression chamber; 309-electromagnet; 310-elastic part; 311-first magnet; 312-second magnet; 313-third magnet; 314-fourth magnet; 315-fifth magnet; 316-air inlet; 317-third air hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] References to "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics that may be included in at least one implementation of the present application. Throughout the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for ease of description and simplification. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature designated "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0022] When a numerical range is disclosed herein, the above range is considered to be continuous and includes the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range, as well as every value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, every integer between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range is included. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein. For example, a specified range from "1 to 10" should be considered to include any and all subranges between a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 10. Exemplary subranges of the range 1 to 10 include, but are not limited to, 1 to 6.1, 3.5 to 7.8, 5.5 to 10, etc.

[0023] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer, comprising: Transformer box 1; Explosion-proof box 2; The multi-path gas regulating device 3 is provided between the transformer box 1 and the explosion-proof box 2 and is connected thereto, and is used to dynamically switch the gas flow path; it includes: The filter assembly includes a filter plate 301, an upper fixing plate 302, and a lower fixing plate 303; the filter plate 301 is arranged between the upper fixing plate 302 and the lower fixing plate 303, and the upper fixing plate 302 is provided with a receiving cavity 3021 for accommodating the filter plate 301. When the filter plate 301 is squeezed upward by the lower fixing plate 303, it shrinks in the receiving cavity 3021 and falls back under the action of gravity when it is not squeezed. A protrusion is provided in the receiving cavity 3021 to limit and support the filter plate 301; The movable assembly includes a movable plate 304 and a bottom plate 305; the movable plate 304 is arranged above the upper fixed plate 302 and fixedly connected thereto, and the bottom plate 305 is arranged below the lower fixed plate 303. The movable plate 304 and the bottom plate 305 are connected by a movable support rod 306; the movable plate 304 moves by the up and down movement of the bottom plate 305, wherein: When the movable plate 304 moves upward, the filter plate 301 is completely separated from the lower fixed plate 303. Due to the gravity, the filter plate 301 is completely exposed. The gas entering the multi-path gas conditioning device 3 from the transformer box 1 is filtered by the filter plate 301 and then reaches the upper explosion-proof box 2 along the extended path for explosion release, forming a first gas flow path. When the movable plate 304 moves downward, the filter plate 301 shrinks into the accommodating cavity 3021 of the upper fixed plate 302, and the upper fixed plate 302 fits with the lower fixed plate 303. The gas entering the multi-path gas regulating device 3 from the transformer box 1 passes along the bottom plate 305 through the air holes on the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304 to reach the upper part, forming a second gas flow path.

[0024] Specifically, the multi-path gas regulating device 3 is arranged between the transformer box 1 and the explosion-proof box 2, and its two ends are sealed and connected with the transformer box 1 and the explosion-proof box 2 respectively. Its internal structure is, from top to bottom, a movable plate 304, an upper fixed plate 302, a filter plate 301, a lower fixed plate 303 and a bottom plate 305. The movable plate 304 is fixed horizontally above the upper fixed plate 302, and the two are fixedly connected to achieve synchronous displacement. The bottom plate 305 is horizontally arranged below the lower fixed plate 303, parallel to the lower fixed plate 303 and with a reserved spacing. The movable support rod 306 is vertically arranged, and its upper and lower ends are fixedly connected to the movable plate 304 and the bottom plate 305 respectively, forming a linkage structure of "movable plate 304-support rod-bottom plate 305". Figure 1 As shown, the arrow in the figure indicates the first gas flow path, which is specifically implemented as follows: when the bottom plate 305 moves upward, the movable plate 304 moves upward synchronously, and the filter hole plate 301 is separated from the lower fixed plate 303 and is completely exposed, forming a first gas flow path. The gas in the transformer box 1 passes through the completely exposed filter hole plate 301 upward through the device air inlet 316 (to achieve gas uniform flow and oil droplet filtration), and enters the explosion-proof box 2 along the extended path for pressure relief. This path dissipates part of the pressure by extending the gas flow path, thereby avoiding false triggering of the explosion-proof box 2 and filtering oil droplets at the same time; as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the arrow in the figure indicates the second gas flow path, which is specifically implemented as follows: under a sudden deflagration condition, the bottom plate 305 moves downward, and the movable plate 304 moves downward synchronously. The filter plate 301 is squeezed upward by the lower fixed plate 303 and shrinks into the accommodating cavity 3021. The upper fixed plate 302 fits tightly with the lower fixed plate 303 to form a second gas flow path. The gas in the transformer box 1 passes through the device air inlet 316 along the bottom plate 305, through the air holes on the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304, and enters the explosion-proof box 2 for pressure relief. This path greatly shortens the gas flow path, increases the flow rate, ensures that the high-pressure gas quickly reaches the explosion-proof box 2, and shortens the response time.

[0025] Explosion risks caused by abnormal operating conditions such as lightning strikes, overloads, and short circuits. In severe weather, transient overvoltages from lightning strikes may penetrate the insulation layer, causing winding short circuits or multi-point grounding faults in the iron core. Internal electrical faults (such as short circuits between winding turns and multi-point grounding of the iron core) will generate high-temperature arcs that ignite the insulating oil to form combustible gases. Discharges or sudden explosion arcs will accelerate the diffusion of combustible gases, causing a sharp increase in pressure and a rapidly changing maximum pressure wave (which may exceed the response threshold of traditional explosion-proof membranes or pressure relief valves), prompting the pressure relief path to quickly switch from the long-path mode of the filter orifice 301 to the short-path mode. At the same time, the Venturi effect formed by the gap convergence is used to significantly increase the gas flow rate, ensuring that the high-pressure gas reaches the explosion-proof box 2 in the shortest time. This fundamentally solves the response lag problem of traditional explosion-proof devices under extreme pressure surge conditions, and greatly improves the dynamic response capability and safety protection performance of the transformer explosion-proof system.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one first air hole 3041 is formed on the movable plate 304, and a first movable baffle 3042 that can be opened and closed is correspondingly provided below the first air hole 3041; The lower fixed plate 303 is provided with a second air hole 3031 corresponding to the position of the first air hole 3041, and a second movable baffle 3032 is provided below the second air hole 3031. When the movable plate 304 moves upward, the first movable baffle 3042 closes and seals the first air hole 3041 , and the second movable baffle 3032 closes and seals the second air hole 3031 .

[0027] Specifically, by opening corresponding first air holes 3041 and second air holes 3031 on the movable plate 304 and the lower fixed plate 303, and disposing first movable baffles 3042 and second movable baffles 3032 that can be opened and closed independently under each air hole, precise dual-mode control of the gas flow path is achieved. When the bottom plate 305 is pressed and moves upward, driving the movable plate 304 to rise synchronously, the first movable baffle 3042 and the second movable baffle 3032 are synchronously closed and sealed to seal the corresponding air holes, forcing the gas to flow upward only through the completely exposed filter hole plate 301, forming a long path pressure relief channel with gas uniform flow and oil droplet filtering functions, and effectively eliminating pressure fluctuations and avoiding false triggering of the explosion-proof box 2 by extending the air flow path; and under the condition of sudden explosion, the bottom plate 305 is impacted and moves downward, driving the movable plate 304 to be pressed downward synchronously. At this time, the first movable baffle 3042 and the second movable baffle 3032 remain in the open state (or the opening and closing state are adjusted according to design requirements), the filter hole plate 301 is squeezed and shrunk into the accommodating cavity 3021, and the upper fixed plate 302 and the lower fixed plate 303 fit tightly together. The gas is forced to change its route and pass through the short-path high-speed pressure relief formed by the first air hole 3041 and the second air hole 3031 exposed on the bottom plate 305, the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304, thereby increasing the gas flow rate to ensure that the high-pressure gas is quickly diverted to the explosion-proof box 2, greatly shortening the response time; this innovative design, through the precise opening and closing of the movable baffle and the dual-path dynamic switching mechanism, can not only achieve the dual functions of pressure buffering and oil droplet filtering through a long path under conventional overpressure conditions, but also achieve rapid pressure relief through a short path under extreme conditions such as deflagration. At the same time, the closed air hole design can effectively prevent gas diversion from interfering with the mainstream flow path, fundamentally solving the problems of response delay and insufficient filtration efficiency of traditional single-path pressure relief devices, and improving the overall safety and reliability of the transformer explosion-proof system.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the multi-path gas regulating device 3 further includes a pressure regulating chamber 307 , which is disposed between the lower fixing plate 303 and the bottom plate 305 and is fixedly connected to the lower fixing plate 303 ; The pressure regulating chamber 307 is used to introduce gas to press the bottom plate 305 to move downward, thereby driving the movable plate 304 to move downward.

[0029] Specifically, by adding a pressure regulating chamber 307 between the movable plate 304 and the lower fixed plate 303, and making it fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate 303 and non-fixedly connected to the bottom plate 305, active dynamic regulation of the gas flow path is achieved. When the gas pressure in the transformer box 1 rises abnormally, part of the high-pressure gas (not shown in the figure, a conducting pipe can be set to divert part of the gas in the transformer box 1 to the pressure regulating chamber 307) is introduced into the retractable chamber of the pressure regulating chamber 307, and the gas squeezing effect is used to push the bottom plate 305 to move downward as the gas pressure in the transformer box 1 rises and drive the movable plate 304 to move downward synchronously, and the filter plate 301 gradually shrinks into the upper fixed plate 302, so that the gap between the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304 continues to shrink as the pressure in the transformer box 1 increases, forming a high-pressure gas convergence channel; in response to the continuous generation of gas during the operation of the transformer, the gas in the box is continuously generated. In situations where the air pressure gradually increases, the present application increases the squeezing pressure on the bottom plate 305 by injecting gas into the pressure regulating chamber 307. The gas entering the multi-path gas regulating device 3 from the transformer box 1 is filtered by the filter plate 301 and then reaches the upper explosion-proof box 2 along the extended path for explosion discharge, forming a first gas flow path. The first gas flow path gradually decreases, and as the air pressure in the box increases, the gas flow rate increases, thereby shortening the time to reach the pressure explosion-proof membrane or valve explosion under high pressure. This is beneficial to reducing the gas arrival time and shortening the pressure explosion-proof membrane or valve explosion response time when a faster explosion-proof response time is required as the pressure in the transformer increases.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 3 , the bottom plate 305 and the side wall of the multi-path gas regulating device 3 enclose a closed gas explosion suppression chamber 308, and the gas explosion suppression chamber 308 is pre-filled with inert gas; Under the condition of rapid deflagration, the bottom plate 305 moves downward, and the movable plate 304 moves downward synchronously. The filter plate 301 is squeezed upward by the lower fixed plate 303 and shrinks into the accommodating cavity 3021. The upper fixed plate 302 and the lower fixed plate 303 fit tightly together to form a second gas flow path. An electromagnet 309 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the gas explosion suppression chamber 308. The electromagnet 309 is electrically connected to a pressure sensor provided in the transformer box 1 and is used to receive a pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor. The bottom plate 305 is provided with a third air hole 317 arranged opposite to the electromagnet 309, and the first magnet 311 is fixedly installed in the third air hole 317; When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the transformer box 1 reaches a preset threshold, the electromagnet 309 is energized to generate an adsorption force, driving the first magnet 311 to move downward, driving the bottom plate 305 to move downward to form a second gas flow path, so that the inert gas is released into the second gas flow channel along the third air hole.

[0031] Specifically, a closed gas explosion suppression chamber 308 is formed between the bottom plate 305 and the side wall of the multi-path gas regulating device 3, and is pre-filled with inert gas. At the same time, the electromagnet 309 is fixed at the bottom of the gas explosion suppression chamber 308 and electrically connected to the pressure sensor in the transformer box 1, thereby achieving a rapid and active response to abnormal pressure conditions: when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the transformer box 1 reaches a preset threshold, the electromagnet 309 is energized to generate an adsorption force, driving the first magnet 311 fixed in the third air hole of the bottom plate 305 to move downward, forcing the inert gas to be released along the third air hole to Second gas circulation channel; during this process, the coupling force between the electromagnet 309 and the magnet squeezes the elastic member 310 to drive the movable plate 304 to move down to the lowest position, so that the filter hole plate 301 is completely received in the upper fixed plate 302, and at the same time, the movable baffle is opened synchronously through the mutual attraction between the magnets, prompting the gas circulation path to switch from a long path to a short path. The gas can only be depressurized through the high-flow rate channel formed by the first air hole 3041 and the second air hole 3031 corresponding to the position on the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304, thereby greatly shortening the gas circulation path and increasing the flow rate. This innovative design uses a pressure sensor to monitor the pressure signal in real time and drive the electromagnet 309 to move quickly, solving the problem of traditional explosion-proof devices responding lag and failing to activate the pressure explosion-proof membrane or valve in time when the pressure wave changes extremely quickly. At the same time, the release of inert gas can effectively suppress arcing and combustion reactions; through the dual protection mechanism of dynamic switching of gas flow paths combined with inert gas suppression, it realizes the graded and precise prevention and control of transformer explosion risks, improves the response speed and protection efficiency of the explosion-proof system, and is particularly suitable for the rapid pressure relief needs under extreme working conditions such as lightning overvoltage and winding short circuit.

[0032] In one exemplary embodiment, the electromagnet 309 and the first magnet 311 are connected by an elastic member 310. The elastic member 310 is used to drive the first magnet 311 back to its initial position when the electromagnet 309 loses power. Specifically, the provision of the elastic member 310 constitutes the reset mechanism of the electromagnetic drive system. When the electromagnet 309 loses power, the elastic member 310 can quickly release the stored elastic potential energy, driving the first magnet 311 back to its initial position. The rapid reset characteristic of the elastic member 310 ensures the device's responsiveness under repeated pressure fluctuations, providing continuous and stable explosion-proof protection for the transformer.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the lower fixing plate 303 is fixedly connected to the first side wall of the multi-path gas conditioning device 3, and a gap is reserved between the second end of the lower fixing plate 303 and the second side wall thereof; A second magnet 312 is provided at the second end of the lower fixed plate 303, and a third magnet 313 is provided at one end of the first movable baffle 3042 close to the second side wall. The second magnet 312 and the third magnet 313 cooperate with each other through magnetic force to collaboratively control the movement state of the first movable baffle 3042.

[0034] A fourth magnet 314 is provided at one end of the second movable baffle 3032 close to the second side wall, and a fifth magnet 315 is fixedly provided on the movable support rod 306. The fourth magnet 314 and the fifth magnet 315 cooperate with each other through magnetic force to collaboratively control the movement state of the second movable baffle 3032.

[0035] Specifically, precise coordinated control of the first movable baffle 3042 and the second movable baffle 3032 is achieved through a magnetic coupling mechanism. The second magnet 312 set at the second end of the lower fixed plate 303 forms a first set of magnetic coupling with the third magnet 313 on the first movable baffle 3042. At the same time, the fifth magnet 315 fixedly set on the movable support rod 306 and the fourth magnet 314 on the second movable baffle 3032 form a second set of magnetic coordination. When the bottom plate 305 is pressed downward, the adsorption effect between the second magnet 312 and the third magnet 313 drives the first movable baffle 3042 to move, so that the first air hole 3041 is completely exposed. At the same time, the magnetic force between the fifth magnet 315 and the fourth magnet 314 synchronously drives the second movable baffle 3042 to move. 3032 moves, ensuring that the second air hole 3031 is fully open. Simultaneously, the filter plate 301 is completely squeezed and contracted into the accommodating chamber 3021. The gas flow path switches from the long path through the filter plate 301 to a short path formed by the corresponding air holes on the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304, achieving high-speed pressure relief for the high-pressure gas. When the system pressure returns to normal, the first and second movable baffles 3042 and 3032 are driven to move synchronously and reset, sealing and closing the first and second air holes 3041 and 3031 respectively. The filter plate 301 is fully exposed again, and the gas returns to its original state of long-path flow. This non-contact magnetic control design avoids wear and jamming of mechanical transmission components, ensuring high synchronization and responsiveness of the dual baffles.

[0036] Furthermore, the first movable baffle 3042 and the second movable baffle 3032 are provided with spring members (shown in the figure) to enable the movable baffles to resume sealing the hole after losing magnetic force. It is understood that the spring members are supported on the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304, and can be supported by rods or other supports and connected to the movable baffles. The specific structure is not limited here.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the multi-path gas regulating device 3 is in communication with the transformer box 1 through an air inlet 316 , and the air inlet 316 is disposed above the bottom plate 305 when the bottom plate 305 is in an initial position.

[0038] Specifically, the air inlet 316 of the multi-path gas regulating device 3 is arranged above the bottom plate 305 when it is in its initial position, forming a gas introduction layout that is highly matched with the internal structure of the device. When the transformer is in normal operation, the bottom plate 305 is in its initial high position, and the air inlet 316 is located directly above it, allowing the gas generated in the transformer box 1 to enter the interior of the device, preferentially passing through the fully exposed filter plate 301 for uniform flow and oil droplet filtration, and then entering the explosion-proof box 2 along the extended path for pressure relief. When the internal pressure of the transformer rises abnormally, the bottom plate 305 is pressed downward, driving the movable plate 304 to move downward synchronously. At this time, although the position of the air inlet 316 is relatively displaced relative to the bottom plate 305, the gas can still be efficiently relieved through the short path formed by the corresponding air holes on the lower fixed plate 303 and the movable plate 304. This ensures that the gas can smoothly enter the regulating device under different working conditions of the device.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the explosion-proof box 2 includes an explosion-proof membrane or an explosion-proof valve, and the rear end of the explosion-proof membrane or the explosion-proof valve is connected to an expansion chamber for accommodating the gas after explosion release and reducing the impact pressure.

[0040] Specifically, an explosion-proof membrane or explosion-proof valve serves as the core pressure-relief component of the explosion-proof box 2, and an expansion chamber is provided at its rear end to form a secondary pressure-relief structure. When the pressure inside the transformer box 1 rises sharply, the gas reaches the explosion-proof membrane or explosion-proof valve through the short-path, high-speed pressure-relief channel of the multi-path gas regulating device 3. When the pressure reaches a preset threshold, the explosion-proof membrane ruptures or the explosion-proof valve opens, and the gas is instantly released into the expansion chamber. The expansion chamber, through its larger volume, buffers and expands the high-pressure gas, causing the airflow velocity and pressure to drop sharply, effectively absorbing the impact energy of the explosion.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of pressure sensors are provided on the top and side walls of the transformer tank 1 .

[0042] Specifically, a comprehensive pressure monitoring network is constructed by deploying pressure sensors at multiple locations on the top and side walls of the transformer tank 1. Multi-sensor data fusion analysis is used to accurately identify explosion events. Multiple pressure sensors collect real-time pressure change data from different locations within the tank. The control system compares parameters such as data consistency, pressure rise rate, and amplitude characteristics across the sensors to comprehensively determine whether an explosion has occurred. If multiple sensors simultaneously detect a sharp pressure increase that meets explosion characteristics (e.g., a sudden increase in pressure or a rate of change exceeding a set threshold), it is determined to be a true explosion condition, triggering electromagnet 309 to switch the gas regulating device to short-path pressure relief mode. Conversely, if only a few sensors detect abnormal pressure fluctuations (possibly caused by external vibration, local mechanical shock, or other interference factors), the system identifies it as a false alarm, preventing malfunction of electromagnet 309. Through multi-faceted redundant monitoring and intelligent algorithm analysis, this design effectively distinguishes between true explosions and pressure fluctuations caused by external interference factors, reducing the risk of false triggering, ensuring the precise response of the gas regulating device at the necessary moment, and improving the reliability and anti-interference capabilities of the transformer explosion-proof system.

[0043] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer, characterized in that: include: Transformer box (1); Explosion-proof box (2); A multi-path gas regulating device (3) is provided between the transformer box (1) and the explosion-proof box (2) and is in communication therewith, and is used for dynamically switching gas flow paths; and comprises: A filter assembly comprises a filter plate (301), an upper fixing plate (302) and a lower fixing plate (303); the filter plate (301) is arranged between the upper fixing plate (302) and the lower fixing plate (303); the upper fixing plate (302) is provided with a receiving cavity (3021) for receiving the filter plate (301); the filter plate (301) contracts in the receiving cavity (3021) when being pressed upward by the lower fixing plate (303), and falls back under the action of gravity when not being pressed; A movable assembly comprises a movable plate (304) and a bottom plate (305); the movable plate (304) is arranged above the upper fixed plate (302) and fixedly connected thereto, the bottom plate (305) is arranged below the lower fixed plate (303), the movable plate (304) and the bottom plate (305) are connected via a movable support rod (306); the movable plate (304) is moved by the up and down movement of the bottom plate (305), wherein: When the movable plate (304) moves upward, the filter plate (301) is completely separated from the lower fixed plate (303), and the filter plate (301) is completely exposed. The gas entering the multi-path gas regulating device (3) from the transformer box (1) is filtered by the filter plate (301) and then reaches the upper explosion-proof box (2) along the extended path to release the explosion, thereby forming a first gas flow path; When the movable plate (304) moves downward, the filter plate (301) shrinks into the accommodating cavity (3021) of the upper fixed plate (302), and the upper fixed plate (302) fits into the lower fixed plate (303). Gas entering the multi-path gas regulating device (3) from the transformer box (1) passes along the bottom plate (305) through the air holes on the lower fixed plate (303) and the movable plate (304) to reach the upper part, thereby forming a second gas flow path.

2. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one first air hole (3041) is provided on the movable plate (304), and a first movable baffle (3042) that can be opened and closed is correspondingly provided below the first air hole (3041); The lower fixed plate (303) is provided with a second air hole (3031) corresponding to the position of the first air hole (3041), and a second movable baffle (3032) that can be opened and closed is correspondingly provided below the second air hole (3031); When the movable plate (304) moves upward, the first movable baffle (3042) closes and seals the first air hole (3041), and the second movable baffle (3032) closes and seals the second air hole (3031).

3. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-path gas regulating device (3) further comprises a pressure regulating chamber (307), wherein the pressure regulating chamber (307) is arranged between the lower fixed plate (303) and the bottom plate (305), and is fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate (303); The pressure regulating chamber (307) is used to introduce gas to compress the bottom plate (305) to move downward, thereby driving the movable plate (304) to move downward.

4. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (305) and the side walls of the multi-path gas regulating device (3) enclose a sealed gas explosion suppression chamber (308), wherein the gas explosion suppression chamber (308) is pre-filled with an inert gas; An electromagnet (309) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the gas explosion suppression chamber (308), and the electromagnet (309) is electrically connected to a pressure sensor provided in the transformer box (1) and is used to receive a pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor; The bottom plate (305) is provided with a third air hole (317) arranged opposite to the electromagnet (309), and a first magnet (311) is fixedly arranged in the third air hole; When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the transformer box (1) reaches a preset threshold, the electromagnet (309) is energized to generate an adsorption force, driving the first magnet (311) to move downward, causing the inert gas to be released along the third air hole (317) to the second gas flow channel.

5. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electromagnet (309) and the first magnet (311) are connected via an elastic member (310), and the elastic member (310) is used to drive the first magnet (311) to return to an initial position when the electromagnet (309) loses power.

6. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first end of the lower fixing plate (303) is fixedly connected to the first side wall of the multi-path gas regulating device (3), and a gap is reserved between the second end and the second side wall of the multi-path gas regulating device (3); A second magnet (312) is provided at the second end portion of the lower fixed plate (303), and a third magnet (313) is provided at one end of the first movable baffle (3042) close to the second side wall. The second magnet (312) and the third magnet (313) cooperate with each other through magnetic force to collaboratively control the motion state of the first movable baffle (3042).

7. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fourth magnet (314) is provided at one end of the second movable baffle (3032) close to the second side wall, and a fifth magnet (315) is fixedly provided on the movable support rod (306). The fourth magnet (314) and the fifth magnet (315) cooperate with each other through magnetic force to collaboratively control the motion state of the second movable baffle (3032).

8. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-path gas regulating device (3) is in communication with the transformer box (1) via an air inlet (316), and the air inlet (316) is arranged above the bottom plate (305) when the bottom plate (305) is in an initial position.

9. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof box (2) comprises an explosion-proof membrane or an explosion-proof valve, and the rear end of the explosion-proof membrane or the explosion-proof valve is connected to an expansion chamber for accommodating the gas after explosion release and reducing the impact pressure.

10. The multi-path explosion-proof fuel-immersed transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of pressure sensors are provided on the top and side walls of the transformer box (1).

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