Universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system, construction method and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a universal omni-directional coverage multi-beam antenna system, a construction method and communication equipment. The universal omni-directional coverage multi-beam antenna system comprises a cylindrical structure body, an antenna unit, a radio frequency transceiving assembly, a gating control module and a combiner / power divider, the antenna units are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the cylindrical structure body, the radio frequency transmit-receive assembly is connected with the antenna units, the gating control module is connected with the radio frequency transmit-receive assembly, and the combiner / power divider is connected with the gating control module; wherein the gating control module is an analog device, the gating control module realizes communication signal coverage of a whole airspace and formation of sum beam forming or difference beam forming on an azimuth plane and / or a pitching plane by controlling the gating state of the antenna unit, the invention provides a set of flexible and perfect gating control module, and the purposes of flexible beam control, low cost and high efficiency are realized. And in the design process of the phased-array antenna, the gating control module is realized by adopting an analog device, so that the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antenna systems, and in particular to a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system, a construction method and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] An antenna is a device that converts energy in a wireless communication system, effectively receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals. Antenna units can radiate and receive electromagnetic waves in a specified direction, but cannot change or control the beam direction. Phased array antennas offer a perfect solution to this problem. With the continuous advancement of technology in recent years, active phased array antennas have seen significant development. They can meet diverse application requirements, including high-precision multi-dimensional search and measurement, target feature extraction and classification, small target and close-range detection, electronic warfare interference resistance, and antenna miniaturization and integration. Active phased array antennas are increasingly being developed in areas such as radar detection and wireless communications.

[0003] Currently, antenna systems that can detect and communicate in all directions are all custom designed and are very expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system, a construction method and a communication device, aiming to solve the technical problems of the universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present application provides a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system, including: a cylindrical structure, an antenna unit, a radio frequency transceiver component, a gating control module and a combiner / power splitter; the antenna unit is evenly distributed on the outer surface of the cylindrical structure, the radio frequency transceiver component is connected to the antenna unit, the gating control module is connected to the radio frequency transceiver component, and the combiner / power splitter is connected to the gating control module; wherein the gating control module realizes communication signal coverage of the entire airspace and forms sum beamforming or difference beamforming in the azimuth plane and / or pitch plane by controlling the gating state of the antenna unit.

[0006] Optionally, the antenna unit is a microstrip antenna, which is surface-mounted on the outer surface of a cylindrical structure; the outer surface of the cylindrical structure is evenly distributed with 2N circular rings along the central axis, and each circular ring has 4M antenna units evenly distributed, for a total of 4M×2N antenna units; the antenna unit is used for receiving and transmitting signals; where M is an even number.

[0007] Optionally, the RF transceiver component includes a first RF transceiver component and a second RF transceiver component; wherein, the first RF transceiver component includes N first RF transceiver modules, and the second RF transceiver component includes N second RF transceiver modules; the corresponding N antenna units of the first N circular rings along the central axis of the 2N circular rings constitute a first antenna unit group, and the first N circular rings have a total of N*4M first antenna unit groups, and the corresponding N antenna units of the last N circular rings along the central axis constitute a second antenna unit group, and the last N circular rings have a total of N*4M second antenna unit groups; the N antenna units of the first antenna unit group along the central axis are connected one-to-one with the N first RF transceiver modules in each first RF transceiver component; and the N antenna units of the second antenna unit group along the central axis are connected one-to-one with the N second RF transceiver modules in each second RF transceiver component.

[0008] Optionally, 4M first RF transceiver modules and 4M second RF transceiver modules are divided into first to fourth areas along the circular axis M; the selection control module includes M single-pole four-throw switches and M / 2 double-pole double-throw switches: wherein, the outputs of the M first RF transceiver modules in each area are respectively connected to the inputs of the M single-pole four-throw switches; the first single-pole four-throw switch to the M / 2 single-pole four-throw switch in the M single-pole four-throw switches constitute a first group of single-pole four-throw switches, and the M / 2 single-pole four-throw switch to the M single-pole four-throw switch constitute a second group of single-pole four-throw switches; the single-pole four-throw switches at the corresponding positions of the first group of single-pole four-throw switches and the second group of single-pole four-throw switches Respective outputs are respectively connected to the two inputs of a double-pole double-throw switch; and the two outputs of each double-pole double-throw switch are respectively connected to the first combiner / power splitter and the second combiner / power splitter; the M single-pole four-throw switches are used to realize the gating network of the RF transceiver module with 4M continuous selection, the gating of M antennas to realize M beam gating in the azimuth plane, and the gating of each first antenna unit group and each second antenna unit group into the same area to realize sum / difference beamforming or low sidelobe antenna forming; M / 2 double-pole double-throw switches are used to convert M-way gating links into M / 2-way output links, and finally combine or split the links through 2 M / 2-way combiners / power splitters; wherein M is an even number.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also provides a method for constructing a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system, which is applied to the antenna system provided above, and the antenna lifting function module includes: determining the number of azimuth plane antenna units 4M according to the total radiation field formula of the circular array antenna and the first design parameter, wherein each area includes M antenna units, M≥8; determining the number of elevation plane antenna units 2N according to the total radiation field formula of the linear array antenna and the second design parameter, and determining the upper antenna array and the lower antenna array according to the number of elevation plane antenna units, wherein N≥4; surface-mounting 2N*4M microstrip antenna units on a cylindrical structure so that the azimuth planes are arranged at equal intervals and the elevation plane spacing is 0.5λ~0.7λ; and The number of elements is configured as 4M*2N RF transceiver modules, which are respectively connected to 2N*4M microstrip antenna units in a one-to-one correspondence; after the 4M RF transceiver modules of each circular ring of each cylindrical structure are divided into four areas, the M RF transceiver modules in each area are respectively connected to the respective input ends of M single-pole four-throw switches, and the consecutive M single-pole four-throw switches are divided into two groups according to the serial numbers, and the output ends of the single-pole four-throw switches in the first group and the output ends of the single-pole four-throw switches at the corresponding positions in the second group are respectively connected to the two input ends of the double-pole four-throw switch, and the two output ends of the double-pole four-throw switch are respectively connected to the corresponding input ends of the first combiner / power splitter and the second combiner / power splitter, thereby obtaining a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system.

[0010] Optionally, the total field radiation formula of the antenna is:

[0011]

[0012] Where N is the number of antenna units; I i is the excitation amplitude of the unit; d is the antenna unit spacing; k is the wave number; θ and are the elevation and azimuth angles of the observation point in the spherical coordinate system; θ0 and are the elevation and azimuth angles of the beam pointing in the spherical coordinate system; is the phase compensation of the i-th unit.

[0013] Optionally, the total radiation field formula of the linear array antenna is:

[0014]

[0015] Where k is the wave number; N is the number of antenna elements; d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements; r is the distance from the observation point to the center of the array; θ is the angle between the observation point and the array axis; is the initial phase offset of the array; is the phase difference between adjacent units.

[0016] Optionally, the first design parameter includes: the diameter of the cylindrical structure and the beam width of the antenna unit.

[0017] Optionally, the second design parameters include: antenna unit parameters and design target parameters.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a communication device having the universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system provided in any of the above items.

[0019] The embodiment of the present application proposes a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system, construction method and communication equipment, which includes a cylindrical structure, antenna units, RF transceiver components, a gating control module and a combiner / power splitter; the antenna units are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the cylindrical structure, the RF transceiver components are connected to the antenna units, the gating control module is connected to the RF transceiver components, and the combiner / power splitter is connected to the gating control module; wherein the gating control module controls the gating state of the antenna units to achieve communication signal coverage of the entire airspace and form sum beam forming or difference beam forming in the azimuth and / or elevation planes. A complete set of gating control modules is combined with a cylindrical phased array antenna, and the antenna units are controlled by analog devices to achieve sum beam and difference beam in the elevation plane and azimuth, with low cost. In addition, the antenna array can be quickly reconfigured through a flexible control module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of antenna arrangement in the antenna system provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the antenna arrangement in the antenna system provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the radio frequency transceiver component and the antenna in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the gating control module in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of 4 partitions and 8 radio frequency links in the present invention.

[0025] The realization of the objectives, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0027] In the prior art, the patent "An Air Traffic Control Secondary Radar Antenna" (Application Number: CN202311391448.6, Publication Number: CN117117521A) proposes a design for an air traffic control secondary radar antenna based on a cylindrical phased array system. The transmitting antenna in this air traffic control secondary radar antenna contains 3N column line sources. By excitation-switching networks, only N transmitters are required to achieve 360° beam scanning in azimuth, significantly reducing the number of transmitters and transmitting components, thus lowering costs. The control antenna, composed of M column line sources in this air traffic control secondary radar antenna, is excited by unequal amplitudes to form a nearly elliptical control beam. Compared to traditional equal-amplitude excitation, this effectively reduces the total transmit power of the control antenna while achieving the same control beam coverage, thereby reducing operating costs and possessing outstanding commercial value. The transmitting and control antennas in this air traffic control secondary radar antenna use the same column line source, reducing the number of antenna types and achieving universalization and modularization of antenna column line sources.

[0028] The patent "An Omnidirectional Multi-Beam Detection Radar System" (Application Number: CN202111308817.1, Publication Number: CN114114249A) proposes an omnidirectional multi-beam detection radar system designed to address the detection of low-altitude, slow-moving, small targets such as birds. It comprises a cylindrical phased array antenna array, an integrated control module, a frequency synthesis module, a digital receive beamforming module, and a digital signal processing module. The frequency synthesis module generates an RF excitation signal and sends it to the cylindrical phased array antenna array, which is used for signal transmission and reception. The cylindrical phased array antenna array comprises M*N array elements, all of which are evenly distributed on the cylindrical array surface. The cylindrical array surface comprises N circular rings evenly distributed on the cylindrical surface, each with M array elements (this can also be understood as M vertically arranged linear arrays evenly distributed on the cylindrical surface, each consisting of N array elements). All array elements in the entire array are capable of transmitting and receiving signals. This design treats each linear array as a TR module, so when the entire array is operating, a total of M TR modules are working simultaneously. When the TR modules are working, the intensity and direction of the transmitted signal are controlled by amplitude and phase weighting.

[0029] However, the air traffic control secondary radar antenna cannot realize the pitch angle measurement function. The present invention proposes a complete gating control module to realize the sum beam and difference beam forming in the pitch plane direction and azimuth plane direction by controlling the antenna unit through analog devices. The omnidirectional coverage multi-beam detection radar system uses DBF technology to obtain sum and difference beams, which is expensive. Moreover, it is a customized design, and the antenna unit cannot be flexibly controlled, and a universal design cannot be achieved. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system. The antenna system consists of five parts: a cylindrical structure, an antenna unit, a radio frequency transceiver component, a gating control module, and a combiner / power divider.

[0030] refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 ,in, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna arrangement in the antenna system provided by the present invention. Figure 2 It is a top view schematic diagram of the antenna arrangement in the antenna system provided by the present invention.

[0031] This invention proposes a comprehensive gating control module combined with a cylindrical phased array antenna. Using analog devices to control antenna elements, it achieves sum and difference beams in both elevation and azimuth, resulting in low cost. Furthermore, the flexible control module enables rapid reconfiguration of the antenna array, making the antenna system more versatile.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , a schematic diagram of the antenna arrangement in a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system provided in the first embodiment of the present application, the universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system may include: a cylindrical structure, an antenna unit, a radio frequency transceiver component, a gating control module and a combiner / power splitter; the antenna units are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the cylindrical structure, the radio frequency transceiver component is connected to the antenna unit, the gating control module is connected to the radio frequency transceiver component, and the combiner / power splitter is connected to the gating control module; wherein the gating control module is an analog device, and the gating control module realizes communication signal coverage of the entire airspace and forms sum beamforming or difference beamforming in the azimuth plane and / or pitch plane by controlling the gating state of the antenna unit.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present application, the antenna unit is a microstrip antenna, which is surface-mounted on the outer surface of a cylindrical structure; the outer surface of the cylindrical structure is evenly distributed with 2N circular rings along the central axis, and each circular ring has 4M antenna units evenly distributed, for a total of 4M×2N antenna units; the antenna unit is used for receiving and transmitting signals; wherein M is an even number.

[0034] For example, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The cylindrical phased array antenna described in this invention comprises 4M*2N antenna elements, all evenly distributed across the cylindrical array surface. Microstrip antennas are used as antenna elements. Surface-mount mounting is performed on the cylindrical array surface. 2N circular rings are evenly distributed along the busbars of the cylindrical array surface, with 4M antenna elements evenly distributed within each ring. Each antenna element is used for both signal reception and transmission.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present application, the RF transceiver component includes a first RF transceiver component and a second RF transceiver component; wherein, the first RF transceiver component includes N first RF transceiver modules, and the second RF transceiver component includes N second RF transceiver modules; the corresponding N antenna units of the first N circular rings along the central axis of the 2N circular rings constitute a first antenna unit group, and the first N circular rings have a total of N*4M first antenna unit groups, and the corresponding N antenna units of the last N circular rings along the central axis constitute a second antenna unit group, and the last N circular rings have a total of N*4M second antenna unit groups; the N antenna units of the first antenna unit group along the central axis are connected one-to-one with the N first RF transceiver modules in each first RF transceiver component; and the N antenna units of the second antenna unit group along the central axis are connected one-to-one with the N second RF transceiver modules in each second RF transceiver component.

[0036] For example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the RF transceiver assembly and the antenna of the present invention. In the elevation plane, the first N antenna elements in a row are connected to one RF transceiver assembly, and the last N elements are connected to another RF transceiver assembly. A single RF transceiver assembly implements N-to-1 combining / power splitting.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present application, the selection control module includes M single-pole four-throw switches and M / 2 double-pole double-throw switches: wherein, the outputs of the M first RF transceiver modules in each area are respectively connected to the inputs of the M single-pole four-throw switches; the first single-pole four-throw switch to the M / 2 single-pole four-throw switch in the M single-pole four-throw switches constitute a first group of single-pole four-throw switches, and the M / 2 single-pole four-throw switch to the M single-pole four-throw switch constitute a second group of single-pole four-throw switches; the outputs of the single-pole four-throw switches at corresponding positions in the first group of single-pole four-throw switches and the second group of single-pole four-throw switches are respectively connected to the two inputs of a double-pole double-throw switch. ; and the two outputs of each double-pole double-throw switch are respectively connected to the first combiner / power splitter and the second combiner / power splitter; the M single-pole four-throw switches are used to realize the gating network of the RF transceiver module with 4M continuous selection, the gating of M antennas to realize M beam gating in the azimuth plane, and the gating of each first antenna unit group and each second antenna unit group into the same area to realize sum / difference beamforming or low sidelobe antenna forming; M / 2 double-pole double-throw switches are used to convert M-way gating links into M / 2-way output links, and finally combine or split through 2 M / 2-way combiners / power splitters; wherein M is an even number.

[0038] For example, the cylindrical antenna array is divided into two parts in the elevation plane: an upper antenna array and a lower antenna array. The gating control modules of the upper antenna array and the lower antenna array are in exactly the same form. Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the gating control module of the present invention. Each gating control module includes M single-pole, four-throw (SP4T) switches and M / 2 double-pole, double-throw (DPDT) switches. FourM RF transmitter modules implement a 4M-to-M network via the M SP4T switches. The outputs of the M SP4T switches are routed through M / 2 DPDT switches to form an M-to-M / 2 gating network. The M / 2 RF links are combined / split using two M / 2-way combiners / splitters.

[0039] It should be noted that the gating control module divides the upper antenna array or the lower antenna array into four areas. Only M adjacent antenna units are gated at the same time. The switching of the M gating antennas is achieved by switching the single-pole four-throw switch. M beam pointing in the azimuth plane can be achieved. By controlling the single-pole four-throw switch, the upper antenna array and the lower antenna array are gated into the same area, thereby realizing sum / difference beamforming, low sidelobe antenna, and then using single-pulse angle measurement technology to achieve target angle measurement. The gating control module can realize the combination of any group of linear arrays or planar arrays in the array.

[0040] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. This invention provides a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system. Through a set of gating control modules, it achieves omnidirectional signal coverage and phase scanning in both the azimuth and elevation planes, reducing costs and expanding functionality.

[0042] 2. The antenna system provided by the present invention can reconfigure the antenna array through a gating control module. This allows the use of partial units to form linear antenna arrays or planar antenna arrays, enhancing the versatility of the design.

[0043] 3. The gating control module of the present invention is implemented by a single-pole four-throw switch and a double-pole double-throw switch. The single-pole four-throw switch realizes the 4M select M network, and the double-throw switch realizes the on and off state of the radio frequency link.

[0044] That is to say, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] 1. The present invention adopts a phased array antenna combined with a set of flexible and complete gating control modules to achieve flexible beam control and phased array antenna design. The gating control module is implemented with analog devices, which reduces costs.

[0046] 2. The present invention utilizes the characteristics of the cylinder in combination with a gating control module to support omnidirectional signal transmission and the forming of sum beams and difference beams.

[0047] 3. The present invention utilizes the flexibility of the gating control module to achieve rapid reconfiguration of the cylindrical antenna array and supports any number of units in each area to form an antenna array.

[0048] It should be noted that, as an alternative technical solution, the SP4T switch in the path control module of the present invention can be a SP5T switch, a SP3T switch, or the like; and the DPDT switch in the path control module can be a 3P3T switch, or the like. Accordingly, the arrangement of the antenna units will also change, and other modules will also change accordingly. Please refer to the aforementioned system embodiments for details. The specific implementation will not be elaborated here.

[0049] Based on the above embodiments, the present application further provides a method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system, which is applied to the antenna system provided in the above embodiments. The method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system may include the following execution process:

[0050] According to the total radiation field formula of the circular array antenna and the first design parameter, the number of antenna units in the azimuth plane is determined to be 4M, where each area includes M antenna units, and M ≥ 8;

[0051] Determine the number of elevation antenna elements 2N based on the total radiation field formula of the linear array antenna and the second design parameter, and determine the upper antenna array and the lower antenna array based on the number of elevation antenna elements, where N ≥ 4;

[0052] 2N*4M microstrip antenna units are surface mounted on a cylindrical structure so that they are evenly spaced in azimuth and 0.5λ to 0.7λ in elevation.

[0053] According to the number of antenna units, 4M*2N RF transceiver modules are configured and connected one-to-one with 2N*4M microstrip antenna units;

[0054] After dividing the 4M RF transceiver modules of each circular ring of each cylindrical structure into four areas, the M RF transceiver modules in each area are respectively connected to the respective input ends of M single-pole four-throw switches, and the consecutive M single-pole four-throw switches are divided into two groups, front and back, according to the serial numbers. The output ends of the single-pole four-throw switches in the first group and the output ends of the single-pole four-throw switches at the corresponding positions in the second group are respectively connected to the two input ends of the double-pole four-throw switch, and the two output ends of the double-pole four-throw switch are respectively connected to the corresponding input ends of the first combiner / power splitter and the second combiner / power splitter, thereby obtaining a completed universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system.

[0055] For example, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system. This method is used to construct an omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system based on actual needs and implement basic applications using the antenna system architecture provided herein. The method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system may include the following execution process:

[0056] Step 1: Based on the total radiation field of the circular array antenna:

[0057]

[0058] Where N is the number of antenna units; I i is the excitation amplitude of the unit; d is the antenna unit spacing; k is the wave number; θ and are the elevation and azimuth angles of the observation point in the spherical coordinate system; θ0 and are the elevation and azimuth angles of the beam pointing in the spherical coordinate system; is the phase compensation of the i-th unit.

[0059] The number of elements in the circular direction, 4M, is selected based on the diameter of the designed cylindrical antenna array and the beamwidth of the designed antenna elements. The azimuth antenna array can be evenly divided into four regions. Each region contains M antenna elements. The spatial phase difference between the i-th element and the 0-th element in the target direction can be obtained using the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] To achieve the azimuth angle measurement function and generate sum beams and difference beams, it is recommended that the number of units in each area in the azimuth direction be greater than or equal to 8 units.

[0062] Step 2: Based on the total radiation field of the linear array antenna:

[0063]

[0064] Where k is the wave number; N is the number of antenna elements; d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements; r is the distance from the observation point to the center of the array; θ is the angle between the observation point and the array axis; is the initial phase offset of the array; is the phase difference between adjacent units.

[0065] The number of antenna elements in the elevation plane, 2N, is determined by combining antenna element parameters with required parameters. To achieve azimuth angle measurement and generate sum and difference beams, it is recommended that the number of azimuth elements be greater than or equal to 2*4.

[0066] Step 3: Surface-mount the microstrip antenna elements on the cylindrical structure. In the azimuth plane, the antenna elements should be spaced evenly apart. In the elevation plane, the spacing between the antenna elements should be sufficient to prevent grating lobes from forming during array scanning. A spacing of 0.5λ to 0.7λ is recommended.

[0067] Step 4: After determining the number of units and the unit arrangement of the cylindrical antenna array, the number of RF transceiver components can be determined to be 4M*2.

[0068] Step 5: After determining the number of units of the cylindrical antenna array, the number and connection method of the single-pole four-throw switches and double-pole double-throw switches of the gating control module can be determined.

[0069] Step 6: When scanning the azimuth plane, if the initial beam needs to be pointed at 45 degrees in azimuth, all SP4T switches 1 through M select channel 1, enabling RF links 1 through M. When the beam is pointed at 46 degrees, SP4T switch 1 selects channel 2, and SP4T switches 2 through M select channel 1, enabling RF links 2 through M+1. This continues in this manner. By controlling the SP4T switches, the directions of M beams in azimuth can be controlled. The M RF links in azimuth are combined and split using two M / 2 combiners / splitters. This forms the sum and difference beam patterns in azimuth. In elevation, the RF links are divided into two groups, upper and lower. These groups combine to form the sum and difference beam patterns in both elevation and azimuth directions, enabling angle measurement. Figure 5 The solid line divides the antenna array into four elements.

[0070] Based on the above embodiments, the present application also provides a communication device having the universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system provided in any one of the above embodiments.

[0071] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and do not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system, characterized in that: include: Cylindrical structure, antenna unit, RF transceiver assembly, gating control module and combiner / power splitter; The antenna units are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the cylindrical structure, the radio frequency transceiver assembly is connected to the antenna units, the gating control module is connected to the radio frequency transceiver assembly, and the combiner / power splitter is connected to the gating control module; Among them, the gating control module is an analog device. The gating control module realizes communication signal coverage of the entire airspace and forms sum beamforming or difference beamforming in the azimuth plane and / or pitch plane by controlling the gating state of the antenna unit.

2. The universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna unit is a microstrip antenna, which is surface mounted on the outer surface of the cylindrical structure; The outer surface of the cylindrical structure is uniformly distributed with 2N circular rings along the central axis, and each circular ring is uniformly distributed with 4M antenna units, for a total of 4M×2N antenna units; The antenna unit is used for receiving and transmitting signals; Wherein, M is an even number.

3. The universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system according to claim 1, wherein: The radio frequency transceiver component includes a first radio frequency transceiver component and a second radio frequency transceiver component; The first radio frequency transceiver component includes N first radio frequency transceiver modules, and the second radio frequency transceiver component includes N second radio frequency transceiver modules; The N antenna units corresponding to the first N rings of the 2N rings along the central axis constitute a first antenna unit group, and the first N rings have a total of N*4M first antenna unit groups. The N antenna units corresponding to the last N rings along the central axis constitute a second antenna unit group, and the last N rings have a total of N*4M second antenna unit groups. The N antenna units of the first antenna unit group along the central axis are connected one-to-one with the N first RF transceiver modules in each first RF transceiver assembly; Furthermore, the N antenna units of the second antenna unit group along the central axis are connected to the N second RF transceiver modules in each second RF transceiver assembly in a one-to-one correspondence.

4. The universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system according to claim 1, wherein: Divide the 4M first RF transceiver modules and the 4M second RF transceiver modules into first to fourth areas along the circular axis M; The gate control module includes M single-pole four-throw switches and M / 2 double-pole double-throw switches: The outputs of the M first RF transceiver modules in each area are respectively connected to the inputs of M single-pole four-throw switches; The first single-pole four-throw switch to the M / 2 single-pole four-throw switch among the M single-pole four-throw switches constitute a first group of single-pole four-throw switches, and the M / 2 single-pole four-throw switch to the M single-pole four-throw switch constitute a second group of single-pole four-throw switches; The outputs of the single-pole four-throw switches at corresponding positions of the first group of single-pole four-throw switches and the second group of single-pole four-throw switches are respectively connected to the two inputs of a double-pole double-throw switch; The two outputs of each double-pole double-throw switch are connected to the first combiner / power splitter and the second combiner / power splitter respectively; The M single-pole four-throw switches are used to implement a gating network of a radio frequency transceiver module with 4M selections of continuous M, gating the M antennas to achieve M beam gating in the azimuth plane, and gating each first antenna unit group and each second antenna unit group into the same area to achieve sum / difference beamforming or low sidelobe antenna forming; M / 2 double-pole double-throw switches are used to convert M-way selection links into M / 2-way output links, which are finally combined or split by two M / 2-way combiners / splitters; Wherein, M is an even number.

5. A method for constructing a universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system, characterized in that: Applied to the antenna system provided in any one of claims 1 to 4, the antenna lifting function module includes: According to the total radiation field formula of the circular array antenna and the first design parameter, the number of antenna units in the azimuth plane is determined to be 4M, where each area includes M antenna units, and M ≥ 8; Determine the number of elevation antenna elements 2N based on the total radiation field formula of the linear array antenna and the second design parameter, and determine the upper antenna array and the lower antenna array based on the number of elevation antenna elements, where N ≥ 4; 2N*4M microstrip antenna units are surface mounted on a cylindrical structure so that they are evenly spaced in azimuth and 0.5λ to 0.7λ in elevation. According to the number of antenna units, 4M*2N RF transceiver modules are configured and connected one-to-one with 2N*4M microstrip antenna units; After dividing the 4M RF transceiver modules of each circular ring of each cylindrical structure into four areas, the M RF transceiver modules in each area are respectively connected to the respective input ends of M single-pole four-throw switches, and the consecutive M single-pole four-throw switches are divided into two groups, front and back, according to the serial numbers. The output ends of the single-pole four-throw switches in the first group and the output ends of the single-pole four-throw switches at the corresponding positions in the second group are respectively connected to the two input ends of the double-pole four-throw switch, and the two output ends of the double-pole four-throw switch are respectively connected to the corresponding input ends of the first combiner / power splitter and the second combiner / power splitter, thereby obtaining a completed universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system.

6. The method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system according to claim 6, wherein: The total field radiation formula of the antenna is: Where N is the number of antenna units; I i is the excitation amplitude of the unit; d is the antenna unit spacing; k is the wave number; θ and are the elevation and azimuth angles of the observation point in the spherical coordinate system; θ0 and are the elevation and azimuth angles of the beam pointing in the spherical coordinate system; is the phase compensation of the i-th unit.

7. The method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system according to claim 5, wherein: The total radiation field formula of the linear array antenna is: Where k is the wave number; N is the number of antenna elements; d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements; r is the distance from the observation point to the center of the array; θ is the angle between the observation point and the array axis; is the initial phase offset of the array; is the phase difference between adjacent units.

8. The method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system according to claim 5, wherein: The first design parameters include: The diameter of the cylindrical structure and the beam width of the antenna element.

9. The method for constructing a universal omnidirectional multi-beam antenna system according to claim 5, wherein: The second design parameters include: Antenna unit parameters and design target parameters.

10. A communication device, characterized in that: A universal omnidirectional coverage multi-beam antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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