Method for recovering grassland between photovoltaic panels

Abstract

The invention provides a method for recovering grassland between photovoltaic panels, and belongs to the technical field of grassland recovery. The recovery method comprises the steps that during soil preparation and deep scarification, crop waste is thrown, and an organic interlayer is constructed; meanwhile, base fertilizer is applied during soil preparation and deep scarification; the deep scarification depth ranges from 30 cm to 40 cm; before sowing, microbial fertilizer treatment is carried out, pasture mixed seeds are sown, and the pasture mixed seeds are northeast leymus chinensis, puccinellia koreana and elymus dahuricus. According to the method, through the synergistic effect of the northeast Chinese wildrye, the puccinellia koreana and the elymus dahuricus and the methods of organic interlayer salt resistance, fertilization, microbial fertilizer treatment and the like, the vegetation coverage, community density and overground biomass of the grassland between the photovoltaic panels are remarkably improved, the alkali spot area proportion of the grassland between the photovoltaic panels and the pH value of 0-20 cm surface soil are reduced, and compared with the current sowing year, the method has the advantages that the cost is reduced, and the yield is increased. The emergence rate of the pasture in the second year of sowing, the fresh weight of the overground plants and the dry weight of the overground plants are remarkably increased, and the recovery efficiency and ecological benefits of the grassland between the photovoltaic panels are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of grassland restoration, and in particular relates to a method for restoring grassland between photovoltaic panels. Background Art

[0002] The consumption of large amounts of fossil energy has led to severe environmental pollution and placed humanity under immense pressure from resource depletion. Consequently, the development and utilization of energy is gradually shifting towards renewable energy. Photovoltaic power generation, as a form of renewable solar power generation, has rapidly developed both domestically and internationally. Early photovoltaic power stations were primarily built in the desert regions of Northwest China, but in recent years, the number of photovoltaic power stations has also rapidly increased in grassland areas. Photovoltaic power stations bear the responsibility not only of promoting economic development and energy security, but also of promoting ecological development and environmental protection.

[0003] The soil beneath existing photovoltaic panels has become increasingly salinized due to long-term shading, uneven water evaporation, and surface salt accumulation, significantly reducing vegetation cover. The environment beneath photovoltaic panels in desert areas is generally even harsher, with abnormal lighting, large temperature fluctuations, and unstable soil moisture, making it difficult for vegetation to grow. Plants that can thrive beneath photovoltaic panels are extremely rare. Currently, traditional restoration technologies suffer from weak salt and alkali tolerance and poor community stability. This poses a serious threat to the stability and sustainable development of the photovoltaic ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for restoring grassland between photovoltaic panels.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for restoring grassland between photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps:

[0007] During deep tillage, crop waste is spread to build an organic barrier layer; at the same time, base fertilizer is applied during deep tillage; the depth of deep tillage is 30 to 40 cm;

[0008] Before sowing, carry out microbial fertilizer treatment;

[0009] The method for treating the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps a or b:

[0010] a. Mix the salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent with the soaked forage mixed seeds at a volume-mass ratio of 0.2-0.7 L: 0.5-1.5 kg;

[0011] b. Apply salt-alkali tolerant microbial agents in the trenches;

[0012] The salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, and the effective viable count of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is 10 8CFU / mL or above;

[0013] The deposit number of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is CCTCC NO: M2022640;

[0014] A forage mixture is sown, wherein the forage mixture comprises Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koreana and Elymus dahliae.

[0015] Preferably, the crop waste includes crushed straw or rice husk, and the content of the crop waste thrown is 35-45t / hm 2 .

[0016] Preferably, the base fertilizer includes a soil saline-alkali conditioner and an organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer includes decomposed sheep manure or commercial organic fertilizer;

[0017] The amount of soil salinity improver applied is 60-120 kg / hm2 2 The amount of decomposed sheep manure applied is 15.0t / hm 2 ~22.5t / hm 2 , the amount of commercial organic fertilizer applied is 3.0t / hm 2 ~4.5t / hm 2 .

[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koraiensis and Elymus dahliae in the forage mixture is 1:1:1.

[0019] Preferably, the straw includes corn straw or wheat straw; and the length of the crushed straw is ≤10 cm.

[0020] Preferably, before sowing, the seeds are soaked at 4-6° C. for 9-11 days to obtain the soaked forage mixed seeds.

[0021] Preferably, the seeds are sown after treatment with microbial fertilizer, and the sowing time is no later than July 20; deep furrows are dug during sowing, with a depth of 4 to 6 cm, and covered with 0.8 to 1.2 cm of soil. The sowing rate of the mixed forage seeds is 40 to 50 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0022] Preferably, post-sowing field management includes irrigation, spraying of growth regulators and fertilization.

[0023] Preferably, the irrigation is carried out to protect the seedlings when the moisture content of the surface 18-22 cm soil layer is lower than 70% of the field water holding capacity during the seedling stage, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 18-22 cm soil reaches 88-92%; irrigation is carried out once in winter to freeze the soil, and water is irrigated until the field water holding capacity of the surface 28-32 cm soil reaches 88-92%; irrigation is carried out once during the greening period, and water is irrigated until the field water holding capacity of the surface 18-22 cm soil reaches 88-92%.

[0024] The method of spraying the growth regulator is to spray 45-55 mg / L gibberellin solution on the leaves once when the above-ground vegetative body of the forage grass is 8-15 cm tall, with a spraying amount of 1-2 L / 667 m 2 During the tillering period of forage, spray 45-55 mg / L gibberellin solution on the leaves once, with a spraying rate of 1-2 L / 667 m 2 During the pasture vegetative period, spray 35-45 mg / L uniconazole on the leaves once, with a spraying rate of 1.5 L / 667 m 2 ;

[0025] The fertilization method includes fertilizing during the grass greening period; applying urea 75-90 kg / hm2 after mowing each year. 2 once;

[0026] The fertilization method during the greening period includes the following (1) or (2):

[0027] (1) Apply diammonium phosphate 140-160 kg / hm 2 and potassium sulfate 45~75kg / hm 2 once.

[0028] (2) Apply commercial organic fertilizer at 20-25 t / hm2 2 once.

[0029] Preferably, the grassland is saline-alkali land.

[0030] The present invention provides an application of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 in promoting the growth of forage under saline-alkali stress.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention provides a method for restoring grasslands between photovoltaic panels. The present invention significantly improves the vegetation coverage, community density, and aboveground biomass of grasslands between photovoltaic panels through the synergistic effect of Northeast Leymus chinensis, Korean Puccinellia tenuifolia, and Elymus dactylis in a mixed forage grass species, combined with microbial fertilizer treatment, organic barrier salt blocking, and fertilization methods. At the same time, it reduces the proportion of alkaline spot area and the pH of the 0-20 cm surface soil in the grasslands between photovoltaic panels. Moreover, compared with the year of sowing, the forage emergence rate, aboveground plant fresh weight, and aboveground plant dry weight in the second year of sowing are significantly increased, thereby significantly improving the restoration efficiency and ecological benefits of grasslands between photovoltaic panels.

[0033] Biodeposit Information:

[0034] Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, classified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, with the deposit address being Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. The deposit date is May 16, 2022, and the deposit number is CCTCC NO: M2022640. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The middle left picture shows the effect of JT4 bacterial solution on the plant height of Puccinellia koreana under saline-alkali stress, and the right picture shows the effect of JT4 bacterial solution on the dry weight of individual Puccinellia koreana under saline-alkali stress;

[0036] Figure 2 The left picture in the middle shows the effect of JT4 bacterial solution on the plant height of Leymus chinensis under saline-alkali stress, and the right picture shows the effect of JT4 bacterial solution on the dry weight of a single Leymus chinensis plant under saline-alkali stress;

[0037] Figure 3 The left picture in the middle shows the effect of JT4 bacterial solution on the plant height of Elymus dahliae under saline-alkali stress, and the right picture shows the effect of JT4 bacterial solution on the dry weight of individual Elymus dahliae under saline-alkali stress;

[0038] Figure 4 This is the saline-alkali grassland between photovoltaic panels before treatment;

[0039] Figure 5 To control the saline-alkali grassland between photovoltaic panels after 2 years;

[0040] Figure 6 It is the emergence status of forage grass in the year of sowing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention provides a method for restoring grassland between photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps:

[0042] During deep tillage, crop waste is spread to build an organic barrier layer; at the same time, base fertilizer is applied during deep tillage; the depth of deep tillage is 30 to 40 cm;

[0043] Before sowing, carry out microbial fertilizer treatment;

[0044] The method for treating the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps a or b:

[0045] a. Mix the salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent with the soaked forage mixed seeds at a volume-mass ratio of 0.2-0.7 L: 0.5-1.5 kg;

[0046] b. Apply salt-alkali tolerant microbial agents in the trenches;

[0047] The salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, wherein the effective viable count of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is 108 CFU / mL or above;

[0048] The deposit number of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is CCTCCNO: M2022640;

[0049] A forage mixture is sown, wherein the forage mixture comprises Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koreana and Elymus dahliae.

[0050] In the present invention, the grassland between the photovoltaic panels is located in Gaotaizi Town, Datong District, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. The grassland between the photovoltaic panels is saline-alkali land. According to the grassland salinization degree classification and indicators described in Table 2, the salinization degree of the grassland is determined to be light or moderate.

[0051] In the present invention, during deep tillage, crop waste is spread to construct an organic barrier. The land preparation includes deep tillage, harrowing, weeding and compacting, wherein the methods of harrowing, weeding and compacting are not particularly limited, and conventional practices in the art may be adopted. The depth of the deep tillage is preferably 30 to 40 cm, more preferably 30 to 35 cm, such as 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 35 cm. The crop waste preferably includes crushed straw or rice husk, wherein the straw includes corn straw or wheat straw, more preferably corn straw, and the rice husk is prepared by mechanical rice shelling without other treatments; the crushed length is ≤10 cm. The content of the crop waste spread is preferably 35 to 45 t / hm 2 , more preferably 37 to 43 t / hm 2 , more preferably 38, 39, 40, 41 or 42 t / hm 2 The present invention uses crop waste such as straw or rice husk as raw materials, and through deep loosening, constructs an organic barrier in the 0cm to 30cm soil layer that cuts off capillary pores and blocks salt surface accumulation, thereby promoting the subsequent recovery efficiency of forage grass.

[0052] In the present invention, base fertilizer is applied during soil preparation and deep loosening. The base fertilizer includes a soil salinity improver and an organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer includes decomposed sheep manure or commercial organic fertilizer, such as enzyme organic fertilizer. The trade name of the soil salinity improver is "Specialized bacterial agent for saline-alkali land," the brand is Yeshengwang Biological, and the specification is 10 kg / bag. The manufacturer is Beihai Yeshengwang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The amount of soil salinity improver applied is preferably 60 to 120 kg / hm2. 2 , more preferably 80 to 100 kg / hm 2 , more preferably 80, 90 or 100 kg / hm 2 The amount of decomposed sheep manure applied is preferably 15.0 t / hm 2 ~22.5t / hm 2, more preferably 17 to 20 t / hm 2 , more preferably 18, 19 or 20 t / hm 2 The amount of commercial organic fertilizer applied is preferably 3.0t / hm 2 ~4.5t / hm 2 , more preferably 3.2 to 4 t / hm 2 , more preferably 3.4, 3.6 or 3.8 t / hm 2 .

[0053] In the present invention, after land preparation and before sowing, seeds are soaked at 4-6°C for 9-11 days to obtain a soaked forage mixture. The mass ratio of Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koreana, and Elymus dahliae in the forage mixture is 1:1:1. The soaked forage mixture of the present invention can effectively break the seed dormancy period. The present invention uses the forage mixture of Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koreana, and Elymus dahliae for sowing, which can more effectively improve the forage vegetation coverage, community density, and aboveground biomass in the light and moderate grass areas between the photovoltaic panels of the present invention.

[0054] In the present invention, after obtaining the soaked forage mixed seeds, microbial fertilizer treatment is performed. The microbial fertilizer treatment method includes the following steps a or b:

[0055] a. Mix the salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent and the soaked grass seed mixture in a volume mass ratio of 0.2-0.7L:0.5-1.5kg;

[0056] b. Apply salt-alkali tolerant microbial agents in the trenches;

[0057] The salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, wherein the effective viable count of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is 10 8 CFU / mL or more; the deposit number of the maltophilia Stenotrophomonas JT4 is CCTCCNO: M2022640. The salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent applied in the trench is 22.5 kg / hm 2 The present invention utilizes the above-mentioned salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent to promote the plant height and dry weight of pasture grass.

[0058] In the present invention, the seeds are sown after treatment with microbial fertilizer, and the sowing time is no later than July 20; deep furrows are dug during sowing, with a depth of 4 to 6 cm, such as 5 cm; and soil is covered with 0.8 to 1.2 cm, such as 1 cm. The deep furrowing and shallow soil covering method adopted in the present invention can play a role in preventing and avoiding salt. The sowing rate of the forage mixture is preferably 40 to 50 kg / hm2. 2 , more preferably 42 to 47 kg / hm 2 , more preferably 45kg / hm 2The forage mixture is sown in rows with a row spacing of 15cm to 30cm.

[0059] In the present invention, post-sowing field management includes irrigation, spraying of growth regulators and fertilization. In the present invention, the irrigation is carried out when the moisture content of the surface 18-22 cm soil layer is lower than 70% of the field water holding capacity during the seedling stage, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 18-22 cm soil reaches 88-92%; the freezing water is irrigated once in winter, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 28-32 cm soil reaches 88-92%; the irrigation is carried out once in the greening period, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 18-22 cm soil reaches 88-92%; as a preferred method, the irrigation is carried out when the moisture content of the surface 20 cm soil layer is lower than 70% of the field water holding capacity during the seedling stage, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 20 cm soil reaches 90%; the freezing water is irrigated once in winter, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 30 cm soil reaches 90%; the irrigation is carried out once in the greening period, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 18-22 cm soil reaches 88-92%. The method of spraying the growth regulator is to spray 45-55 mg / L gibberellin solution on the leaves once when the above-ground vegetative body of the forage grass is 8-15 cm tall, with a spraying amount of 1-2 L / 667 m 2 During the tillering period of forage, spray 45-55 mg / L gibberellin solution on the leaves once, with a spraying rate of 1-2 L / 667 m 2 During the pasture vegetative period, spray 35-45 mg / L uniconazole on the leaves once, with a spraying rate of 1.5 L / 667 m 2 When spraying growth regulators, it is best to spray in the morning and evening on sunny days, and avoid spraying on rainy days. 2 hours after spraying, re-spray in time if it rains. As a preferred embodiment, when the height of the aboveground vegetative body is 8cm to 15cm, spray the leaves of the field once with a 50mg / L gibberellin (GA3) solution, and the spraying amount is 1.5L / 667m 2 When conditions are met, in order to improve the effect, spray 50mg / L gibberellin (GA3) solution on the leaves of the field once during the tillering period of each crop, with a spraying amount of 1.5L / 667m 2 It is better to spray in the morning and evening on sunny days, and avoid spraying on rainy days. If it rains 2 hours after spraying, spray again in time. In the pasture nutrition period from September to October in autumn, spray once with 40mg / L of uniconazole, and spray 1.5L / 667m each time. 2 .

[0060] The fertilization method includes fertilizing during the pasture greening period; applying urea at 75-90 kg / hm2 once a year after mowing; the fertilization method during the greening period includes the following (1) or (2):

[0061] (1) Apply diammonium phosphate 140-160 kg / hm 2and potassium sulfate 45~75kg / hm 2 once;

[0062] (2) Apply commercial organic fertilizer at 20-25 t / hm2 2 once.

[0063] After two years of treatment using the restoration method of the present invention, grassland vegetation cover, community density, and aboveground biomass increased, while also reducing the proportion of alkaline spot area and the pH of the 0-20 cm surface soil. After the second year of sowing, the emergence rate, aboveground plant fresh weight, and aboveground plant dry weight of saline-alkali grassland between photovoltaic panels were all higher than those in the first year of sowing. Therefore, the restoration method of the present invention significantly improves the recovery efficiency and ecological benefits of saline-alkali grassland.

[0064] The present invention provides an application of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 in promoting the growth of forage under saline-alkali stress.

[0065] In the present invention, the forage grass is one or more of Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koreana and Elymus dahliae. The growth traits include plant height and / or dry weight per plant.

[0066] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0067] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] In the following examples, the trade name of the soil saline-alkali improver is: Special bacterial agent for saline-alkali land; brand: Ye Shengwang Biological, specification: 10 kg / bag; purchased from: Beihai Ye Shengwang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0069] Modified Hoagland nutrient solution (nitrogen-free and calcium nitrate-free) was purchased from Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Qingdao High-Tech Industrial Park, product number HB8870-9. To prepare the modified Hoagland nutrient solution described below, weigh 0.635 g of HB8870-9, dissolve it in 1000 mL of distilled water, and dispense it in aliquots. Sterilize it by autoclaving at 116°C for 30 minutes, and set aside.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Application of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 in promoting forage growth under saline-alkali stress

[0072] The Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is classified and named Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4. It is deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, with the deposit address being Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. The deposit date is May 16, 2022, and the deposit number is CCTCC NO: M2022640.

[0073] 1. Preparation of saline-alkali solution: NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 were mixed in a mass ratio of 9:1:1:9 to obtain a saline-alkali mixture, and water was added to prepare saline-alkali mixtures with concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mmol·L, respectively. -1 The saline-alkali solution is prepared, and the solvent water without the saline-alkali mixture is used as the saline-alkali solution with a concentration of 0.

[0074] JT4 treatment group: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 was inoculated into LB liquid medium to obtain an effective viable cell count of 1×10 8 CFU / mL of JT4 bacterial solution. Puccinellia koreana seeds, Leymus chinensis or Elymus dahliae were soaked at 5°C for 10 days to obtain soaked Puccinellia koreana seeds, Leymus chinensis or Elymus dahliae seeds. The above 1×10 8 CFU / mL of JT4 bacterial solution was mixed with soaked forage grass seeds (soaked Puccinellia koreana seeds, Leymus chinensis seeds, or Elymus dahliae seeds) at a ratio of 0.5 L:1.0 kg to obtain the mixed Puccinellia koreana seeds, Leymus chinensis seeds, or Elymus dahliae seeds. The mixed seeds were sown in culture cups, and 15 seedlings were transplanted per cup after the seedlings grew true leaves. Seven days after transplanting, the seedlings were treated with 0, 100, 150, and 200 mmol·L -1 The roots of the seedlings were irrigated with 25 mL of saline-alkali solution per cup, and 200 mL of improved Hoagland nutrient solution was irrigated every 15 days. The plant height and dry weight per plant were tested during the flowering period.

[0075] CK (no bacterial solution): The difference between this group and the JT4 treatment group is that in the CK group, soaked seeds of Korean dwarf ... -1 The roots of the seedlings were irrigated with 25 mL of saline-alkali solution per cup, and 200 mL of improved Hoagland nutrient solution was irrigated every 15 days. The plant height and dry weight per plant were tested during the flowering period.

[0076] Table 1 Effects of JT4 bacterial solution on plant height and dry weight of Puccinellia koreana, Leymus chinensis or Elymus dahliae under saline-alkali stress

[0077]

[0078] Table 1 and Figure 1The results showed that compared with CK, JT4 bacterial solution treated with different saline and alkali concentrations (0, 100, 150 and 200 mmol·L -1 ) stress, the plant height and dry weight of Korean alkaligrana were increased.

[0079] Table 1 and Figure 2 The results showed that compared with CK, JT4 bacterial solution treated with different saline and alkali concentrations (0, 100, 150 and 200 mmol·L -1 ) stress, the plant height and dry weight of Leymus chinensis were increased.

[0080] Table 1 and Figure 3 The results showed that compared with CK, JT4 bacterial solution treated with different saline and alkali concentrations (0, 100, 150 and 200 mmol·L -1 ) stress, the plant height and dry weight of Elymus dahliae were increased.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] The grassland between the photovoltaic panels restored in this embodiment is located in Gaotaizi Town, Datong District, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province.

[0083] A method for restoring grassland between photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps:

[0084] (1) Determine the salinization degree of the grassland between the photovoltaic panels to be restored based on the grassland salinization degree classification and indicators in Table 2.

[0085] Table 2 Grassland salinization degree classification and indicators

[0086]

[0087] Salt-alkali tolerant plants have become the main companion species or dominant species in grassland plants. Compared with the original grassland, the total coverage has decreased by 6% to 50%, the soil salt content at 0cm to 20cm has increased by 10% to 60%, the soil pH has increased by 11% to 40%, the area of ​​salt spots has increased by 11% to 30%, the total grass production has decreased by 11% to 70%, and the proportion of edible grass production in the total grass production has decreased by 11% to 40%. Therefore, the grassland between photovoltaic panels is a light to moderate saline-alkali grass area.

[0088] (2) Preparation before sowing

[0089] Drip irrigation pipes are buried in the light and moderate grass areas between the photovoltaic panels to be repaired, and the water source is connected to the buried drip irrigation pipes. Then, intelligent control is carried out to monitor water consumption and use it for field management irrigation in a timely manner. When the field water holding capacity of the soil 20 cm above the surface drops below 70%, water is irrigated in time until the field water holding capacity of the soil 20 cm above the surface reaches 90%.

[0090] (3) Land preparation before sowing

[0091] Before sowing, the light to moderate grassy areas between the panels should be carefully prepared, including deep tillage, raking, weeding, and compaction. Autumn preparation is recommended, with a deep tillage depth of 35 cm.

[0092] (4) Establishing an organic barrier

[0093] Before deep tillage, spread 40t / hm2 of crushed corn straw with a crushed length of ≤10cm. 2 , deep loosening 35cm, establishing an organic barrier, in the 0cm~35cm soil layer, constructing an organic barrier with the ability to cut off capillary pores and block salt surface accumulation, thereby reducing the soil salinity and alkali content.

[0094] (5) Apply basal fertilizer

[0095] Before deep loosening the land, apply 90kg / hm2 of soil salinity improver. 2 , and 18.0t / hm2 was applied at the same time 2 The decomposed sheep manure is applied as the base fertilizer in this step together with the crushed corn stalks described in step (4).

[0096] (6) Seeding technology

[0097] (7) Variety selection: Select cold-resistant, salt-tolerant and alkali-tolerant forage varieties such as "Northeastern Leymus chinensis, Korean Puccinellia koreana and Elymus dactylis" according to local conditions. The sown forage mixture is Northeastern Leymus chinensis, Korean Puccinellia koreana and Elymus dactylis. The mass ratio of Northeastern Leymus chinensis, Korean Puccinellia koreana and Elymus dactylis in the forage mixture is 1:1:1.

[0098] (8) Seed dormancy breaking treatment: Before sowing, each seed of the forage mixture was soaked at 5°C for 10 days to obtain the soaked forage mixture.

[0099] (9) Microbial fertilizer treatment: Before sowing, use a salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent as the base material and mix the seeds for sowing. The salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent and the soaked forage mixed seed are mixed in a volume mass ratio of 0.5L:1.0kg to obtain the mixed forage seeds.

[0100] The salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, wherein the effective viable bacteria count of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 in the salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent is 1×10 8 CFU / mL. Salt-alkali tolerant microbial agents should be packaged and stored in shaded bags and applied promptly.

[0101] (10) Sowing time: Sowing can be done when the top 5 cm of soil thaws. It is best to sow against the frost. In Daqing area, sowing can be done from April 5 to July 20, but no later than July 20.

[0102] (11) Sowing method: Use trenching to avoid salt. Deep trenching is 5 cm deep. Shallow soil is covered and sowing is done with 1 cm of soil. This can prevent and avoid salt and create a good growth environment for forage grass seeds to germinate and seedlings to grow. Sow the mixed forage grass seed with a row spacing of 15 cm to 30 cm. Press down after sowing. The sowing rate of the mixed forage grass seed is 45 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0103] (12) Post-sowing field management

[0104] (12-1) Irrigation: When the moisture content of the top 20 cm soil layer is lower than 70% of the field water holding capacity during the seedling stage, irrigation must be carried out to protect the seedlings, and the field water holding capacity of the top 20 cm soil can reach 90%; irrigate once in winter to prevent freezing, and irrigate until the field water holding capacity of the top 30 cm soil reaches 90%; irrigate once during the greening period, and irrigate until the field water holding capacity of the top 20 cm soil reaches 90%.

[0105] (12-2) Spraying growth regulators: When the plant height of the aboveground vegetative body is 8cm to 15cm, spray the leaves of the field with 50mg / L gibberellin (GA3) solution once, with a spraying volume of 1.5L / 667m 2 When conditions are met, in order to improve the effect, spray 50mg / L gibberellin (GA3) solution on the leaves of the field once during the tillering period of each crop, with a spraying amount of 1.5L / 667m 2 It is better to spray in the morning and evening on sunny days, and avoid spraying on rainy days. If it rains 2 hours after spraying, spray again in time. In the pasture nutrition period from September to October in autumn, spray 40mg / L of uniconazole on the leaves once, and spray 1.5L / 667m each time. 2 .

[0106] (12-3) Fertilization: Apply diammonium phosphate 150kg / hm2 during the grass greening period 2 and potassium sulfate 60kg / hm 2 Once. Apply 83kg / hm2 of urea after mowing each year 2 once.

[0107] Figure 4 Map of light and moderate grass areas between photovoltaic panels before treatment. Figure 5 This is a map of the light and moderate grass areas between photovoltaic panels two years after treatment.

[0108] The grassland community characteristics such as vegetation coverage, alkaline spot area, community density, aboveground biomass and 0-20 cm surface soil pH were studied in the light and moderate grassland areas between photovoltaic panels before treatment (also known as saline-alkali grassland between photovoltaic panels) and the light and moderate grassland areas between photovoltaic panels two years after treatment.

[0109] The calculation method of grassland vegetation cover is as follows:

[0110] (1) Set up a sample plot of a certain area in the grassland (such as a 1m×1m square).

[0111] (2) Observe or measure the vertical projection coverage area of ​​vegetation (grass, shrubs, etc.) on the ground (overlapping areas are not counted repeatedly).

[0112] (3) Divide the covered area by the total area of ​​the sample plot and multiply by 100% to obtain the coverage value.

[0113] (4) If multiple plots are measured, the average value is taken as the overall coverage.

[0114] Vegetation coverage (%) = vegetation vertical projection coverage area ÷ sample area × 100%.

[0115] Alkali spot area: On a representative plot, select a 10m×50m sample plot, visually observe the percentage of alkali spots in the sample plot, repeat three times, and calculate the percentage of alkali spot area.

[0116] Aboveground biomass: the dry matter weight of the young branches and leaves of herbaceous plants cut at ground level.

[0117] pH measurement: The retrieved 0-20 cm surface soil sample was air-dried, crushed, passed through a 2 mm sieve, weighed 10 g, with a water-soil mass ratio of 5:1, allowed to stand for 30 min, and measured using a PHS-3C pH meter.

[0118] Table 3 Grassland community characteristics before and after treatment of saline-alkali grassland between photovoltaic panels

[0119]

[0120] Depend on Figures 4-5 The results in Table 3 show that compared with before treatment, the restoration method of the present invention increased the grassland vegetation coverage, community density, and aboveground biomass after two years of treatment, while reducing the proportion of alkaline spot area and the pH of the 0-20 cm surface soil. Therefore, the restoration method of the present invention significantly improves the restoration efficiency and ecological benefits of saline-alkali grassland.

[0121] The emergence rate, survival rate, greening rate, aboveground plant fresh weight and aboveground plant dry weight of light and medium grasslands between photovoltaic panels in the first year of sowing and the second year of sowing were tested respectively.

[0122] (1) Seedling emergence rate:

[0123] Randomly select sample plots (1m×1m), observe and count the number of grass seed seedlings from the first day after sowing until the number of seedlings becomes constant, repeat 4 times and take the average value.

[0124] Sp=En / Sn×100%

[0125] Wherein: Sp represents the germination rate, %, represents the number of seedlings, plants, Sn represents the number of seeds sown, grains.

[0126] (2) Survival rate:

[0127] Randomly select sample plots (1m×1m) and investigate the number of surviving plants. Survival rate = number of surviving plants / number of seedlings (En)×%, repeat 4 times and take the average value.

[0128] (3) Greening rate:

[0129] During the greening period, randomly select quadrats (1m×1m) to count the number of plants that have greened. Using the number of plants that survived the previous year as the base number, the greening rate is calculated as: number of plants that have greened / number of plants that survived the previous year × 100%. Repeat this four times and take the average value.

[0130] Table 4 Vegetation growth after implementing treatment technology on saline-alkali grasslands between photovoltaic panels

[0131]

[0132] In Table 4, the emergence rate in the first year of sowing was 65.61%, and the greening rate in the second year of sowing was 98.65%.

[0133] The results in Table 4 show that in the second year after sowing, the greening rate, aboveground plant fresh weight and aboveground plant dry weight of saline-alkali grassland between photovoltaic panels were higher than those in the sowing year.

[0134] Among them, the emergence of seedlings in the year of sowing is shown in Figure 6 .

[0135] Example 3

[0136] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that step (4) of this embodiment is to spread rice husks (rice hulled mechanically without other treatment, generally about 2 cm long) 40t / hm before deep loosening the land. 2 , establish an organic barrier, in the 0cm~30cm soil layer, construct an organic barrier with cut-off capillary pores to block salt surface accumulation, and reduce the soil salinity. Step (5) is to apply 90kg / hm2 of soil salt-alkali improver before deep loosening the land. 2 , while applying 3.8t / hm 2 Commercial organic fertilizer (brand: Longqi, name: enzyme organic fertilizer; enzyme ≥5%, NPK ≥4, purchased from Heilongjiang Dafeng Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the soil salinity improver and commercial organic fertilizer applied in this step are applied together with the rice husks described in step (4). Step (9) is to apply the salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent in the trench at 22.5 kg / hm2. 2 Then sow the grass mixture at 67.5kg / hm 2, in order to improve the salt-alkali tolerance of forage, the salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, wherein the effective viable count of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is 1×10 8 CFU / mL. Step (12-3) Fertilization: Apply commercial organic fertilizer 22.5t / hm during the grass greening period 2 83kg / hm2 of urea is applied after harvesting each year 2 The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0137] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring grassland between photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: During deep tillage, crop waste is spread to build an organic barrier layer; at the same time, base fertilizer is applied during deep tillage; the depth of deep tillage is 30 to 40 cm; Before sowing, carry out microbial fertilizer treatment; The method for treating the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps a or b: a. Mix the salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent with the soaked forage mixed seeds at a volume-mass ratio of 0.2-0.7 L: 0.5-1.5 kg; b. Apply salt-alkali tolerant microbial agents in the trenches; The salt-alkali tolerant microbial agent is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4, wherein the effective viable count of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is 10 8 CFU / mL or above; The deposit number of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 is CCTCCNO: M2022640; A forage mixture is sown, wherein the forage mixture comprises Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koreana and Elymus dahliae.

2. The recovery method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop waste includes crushed straw or rice husk, and the content of the scattered crop waste is 35-45t / hm 2 .

3. The recovery method according to claim 1, wherein: The base fertilizer includes a soil saline-alkali conditioner and an organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer includes decomposed sheep manure or commercial organic fertilizer; The amount of soil salinity improver applied is 60-120 kg / hm2 2 The amount of decomposed sheep manure applied is 15.0t / hm 2 ~22.5t / hm 2 , the amount of commercial organic fertilizer applied is 3.0t / hm 2 ~4.5t / hm 2 ; The mass ratio of the mixed forage species of Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia koraiensis and Elymus dahliae is 1:1:

1.

4. The recovery method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The straw includes corn straw or wheat straw; and the length of the crushed straw is ≤10 cm.

5. The recovery method according to claim 1, wherein: Before sowing, soak the seeds at 4-6°C for 9-11 days to obtain the soaked forage mixture.

6. The recovery method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sowing is done after microbial fertilizer treatment, and the sowing time is no later than July 20. When sowing, deep furrows are dug, with a depth of 4 to 6 cm, and covered with 0.8 to 1.2 cm of soil. The sowing rate of the forage grass mixture is 40 to 50 kg / hm2. 2 .

7. The recovery method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Post-sowing field management, field management includes irrigation, spraying growth regulators and fertilization.

8. The recovery method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The irrigation is carried out when the moisture content of the surface 18-22 cm soil layer is lower than 70% of the field water holding capacity during the seedling stage, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 18-22 cm soil reaches 88-92%; the freezing water is irrigated once in winter, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 28-32 cm soil reaches 88-92%; the irrigation is carried out once during the greening period, and the field water holding capacity of the surface 18-22 cm soil reaches 88-92%. The method of spraying the growth regulator is to spray 45-55 mg / L gibberellin solution on the leaves once when the above-ground vegetative body of the forage grass is 8-15 cm tall, with a spraying amount of 1-2 L / 667 m 2 During the tillering period of forage, spray 45-55 mg / L gibberellin solution on the leaves once, with a spraying rate of 1-2 L / 667 m 2 During the pasture vegetative period, spray 35-45 mg / L uniconazole on the leaves once, with a spraying rate of 1.5 L / 667 m 2 ; The fertilization method includes fertilizing during the grass greening period; applying urea 75-90 kg / hm2 after mowing each year. 2 once; The fertilization method during the greening period includes the following (1) or (2): (1) Apply diammonium phosphate 140-160 kg / hm 2 and potassium sulfate 45~75kg / hm 2 once; (2) Apply commercial organic fertilizer at 20-25 t / hm2 2 once.

9. The recovery method according to claim 1, wherein: The grassland is saline-alkali land.

10. Application of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JT4 in promoting forage growth under saline-alkali stress.

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