Coastal sand ecological slope protection system based on local plants

Abstract

The coastal sand ecological slope protection system based on local plants comprises a sandy slope protection section, an ecological gabion slope protection section, a rock slope protection section and a muddy slope protection section which are sequentially arranged from the coastal sand to the sea side to the landside. Sandy herbaceous plants are planted on the sandy slope protection section; herbaceous plants and low shrubs are planted in the ecological gabion slope protection section in a mixed mode; a beach pebble layer is laid on the rock slope protection section, and a scene stone area, a walking trestle and a third plant area are sequentially arranged above the beach pebble layer; the argillaceous slope protection section is provided with an organic planting soil layer, an anti-scouring surface soil layer mixed with plant seeds and a fourth plant area; the plant seeds are all collected from the native vegetation area around the sand land. By means of the four-section type ecological slope protection system structure, erosion of sea waves can be effectively reduced, wind prevention and sand fixation can be achieved, the biological diversity of coastal zones can be fully protected, garden waste resource circulation is achieved, people streams can be guided through physical isolation, and sustainable management is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coastal sandy land ecological restoration, and in particular to a coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants. Background Art

[0002] With the development of coastal tourism, the sandy coast has been seriously disturbed, making the coastal sand ecological environment more fragile. Traditional protection methods mainly rely on planting lawns on the offshore sand and creating shelterbelts along the back edge of the sand. However, these vegetation types are often difficult to adapt to the harsh environment of the coastal sand and are easily affected by sea breezes and sea fog. In addition, vegetation degradation and coastal erosion on the offshore sand are serious. In addition, lawns are easily trampled by beachgoers, resulting in poor ecological restoration results. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ecological slope protection system that can adapt to the harsh environment of coastal sand and effectively prevent coastal erosion and vegetation degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a coastal sand ecological slope protection system based on native plants, which can achieve effective protection and ecological restoration of coastal sand through a four-section structure.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a coastal sand ecological slope protection system based on native plants, comprising:

[0005] From the coastal sand land to the sea side and then to the land side, there are sand slope protection sections, ecological gabion slope protection sections, rock slope protection sections and mud slope protection sections.

[0006] The first plant zone is set on the sandy slope protection section, where native sand-dwelling herbaceous plants are planted to stabilize the sand surface. The root system can be distributed below 10 cm in the sand layer. The natural grassland formed by the native sand-dwelling herbaceous plants is resistant to trampling and does not require manual management.

[0007] The ecological gabion slope protection section is set at the offshore 1 / 3 of the sandy coast, which includes an ecological gabion layer and a sandy topsoil layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a second plant area is set on the sandy topsoil layer, and the second plant area is mixed with native sand-dwelling herbs and low shrubs. The ecological gabion slope protection section reduces the impact of waves through the gabion structure and forms a flexible-rigid composite protection system with mixed vegetation;

[0008] The rock slope protection section includes a beach pebble layer at the bottom, and a landscape stone area, a walking plank road, and a third plant area arranged above the beach pebble layer, and arranged in sequence from the ecological gabion slope protection section to the rock slope protection section, taking into account both landscape and ecological protection functions, guiding the flow of tourists through physical isolation, and reducing the interference of human activities on the coastal sandy environment. Landscape stones are placed in the landscape stone area, and herbaceous plants are planted in the gaps between the landscape stones. The plant types in the third plant area are shrubs and herbaceous plants, and the distribution area of ​​the shrubs is larger than the distribution area of ​​the herbaceous plants.

[0009] The mud slope protection section includes an artificial soil layer and a fourth plant zone arranged on the artificial soil layer. The artificial soil layer includes an organic planting soil layer and an anti-scour topsoil layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The double-layer matrix structure is conducive to the continuous promotion of plant growth by microbial activity. The plant types in the fourth plant zone are shrubs and small trees. The anti-scour topsoil layer contains specific plant seeds. The combination of planting and sowing is conducive to further stabilizing the slope and preventing soil and water loss.

[0010] Preferably, the organic planting soil layer uses an organic matrix with a thickness of 300-500 mm. The organic matrix is ​​prepared by crushing and fermenting garden waste and contains a variety of microorganisms. The anti-scour topsoil layer uses an anti-scour matrix with a thickness of 30-50 mm. The anti-scour matrix includes clay, organic materials, anti-scour agents, and specific plant seeds.

[0011] Preferably, the species of the specific plant seeds are the same as the plant species in the fourth plant zone; the clay, organic material, anti-scour agent and specific plant seeds are mixed in a ratio of 5:4:1:1.

[0012] Preferably, the herbaceous plants are any one or more of: sifrage, moss, celtis sinensis, seaside sweet pea, and nephrolepis serrata; the shrubs are any one or more of: vitex simplicifolia, apocynum venetum, wolfberry, hibiscus chrysanthemum, eriophorum sibiricum, piedra tobira, and tamarisk; the low shrubs are any one or more of: vitex simplicifolia, wolfberry, and hibiscus chrysanthemum; and the small trees are any one or more of: hackberry, cucurbita, acacia taiwanensis, casuarina, morocco, and schizonepeta crassifolia.

[0013] Preferably, the plants in the plant area are planted by combining sowing and planting, and the plant seeds are collected from the native vegetation area around the sandy land, making full use of the adaptability of the native plants.

[0014] Preferably, the ecological gabion includes an external reinforced steel frame and blocks and / or graded pebbles filled in the frame; the size of the ecological gabion is 400*800*1000, the size of the blocks and / or graded pebbles is 50-150 mm, and the blocks are natural non-weathered rocks;

[0015] Preferably, the thickness of the beach pebble layer is 200-300 mm, and the compaction degree is ≥90%; the particle size of the beach pebble is 20-50 mm, and the gaps between the pebbles are filled with coarse sand.

[0016] Preferably, the landscape stones are beach rocks.

[0017] Preferably, the permeable concrete layer of the walking plank road has a strength grade of C20, a thickness of 80-100 mm, and a water permeability coefficient ≥ 1×10-2 cm / s; the plank road boards are made of antiseptic wood or recycled plastic composite materials, and the gap between the boards is 5-10 mm.

[0018] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages and positive effects of the content of the present invention are: the present invention makes full use of native plants to form a stable plant community, and forms a gradient ecological slope protection system through a four-stage structure, which not only reduces the erosion of waves, prevents wind and sand, but also fully protects the biodiversity of coastal areas; the use of garden waste regeneration matrix can achieve resource circulation and low-cost restoration; the walking plank road and scenic stone area set up in the rock slope protection section improve the tourist experience, and can also guide the flow of people through physical isolation, alleviate the contradiction between human activities and ecological protection, and is conducive to sustainable management. It also has advantages in economy, stability and distinctiveness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Among them, 1. Sandy slope protection section; 11. First plant zone; 2. Ecological gabion slope protection section; 21. Ecological gabion layer; 22. Sandy topsoil layer; 23. Second plant zone; 3. Rocky slope protection section; 31. Beach pebble layer; 32. Scenic stone area; 33. Walking plank road; 34. Third plant zone; 4. Muddy slope protection section; 41. Organic planting soil layer; 42. Anti-scour topsoil layer; 43. Fourth plant zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through exemplary embodiments.

[0023] A coastal sand ecological slope protection system based on native plants, see Figure 1 ,

[0024] From the coastal sand land to the sea side, there are sand slope protection section 1, ecological gabion slope protection section 2, rock slope protection section 3 and mud slope protection section 4.

[0025] The first plant area 11 is set on the sandy slope protection section 1, where native sand-dwelling herbaceous plants are planted to stabilize the sand surface. The root system can be distributed below 10 cm in the sand layer. The natural grassland formed by the native sand-dwelling herbaceous plants is resistant to trampling and does not require manual management.

[0026] The ecological gabion slope protection section 2 is set at the offshore 1 / 3 of the sandy coast, and includes an ecological gabion layer 21 and a sandy topsoil layer 22 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. A second plant area 23 is set on the sandy topsoil layer 22. The second plant area 23 is planted with a mixture of native sand-dwelling herbs and low shrubs. The ecological gabion slope protection section 2 reduces the impact of waves through the gabion structure and forms a flexible-rigid composite protection system with mixed vegetation. The ecological gabion includes an external reinforced frame and blocks and / or graded pebbles filled in the frame; the size of the ecological gabion is 400*800*1000, and the size of the blocks and / or graded pebbles is 50-150 mm. The blocks are natural non-weathered rocks.

[0027] The rock slope protection section 3 includes a beach pebble layer 31 at the bottom. The thickness of the beach pebble layer 31 is 200-300mm, and the compaction degree is ≥90%. The particle size of the beach pebbles is 20-50mm, and the gaps between the pebbles are filled with coarse sand. Above the beach pebble layer 31, a landscape stone area 32, a walking plank road 33, and a third plant area 34 are arranged in sequence from the ecological gabion slope protection section 2 to the rock slope protection section 3. They take into account both landscape and ecological protection functions, guide the flow of tourists through physical isolation, and reduce the interference of human activities on the coastal sandy environment. Landscape stones are placed in the landscape stone area 32, and herbaceous plants are planted in the gaps between the landscape stones. The plant types in the third plant area 34 are shrubs and herbaceous plants, and the distribution area of ​​shrubs is larger than that of herbaceous plants.

[0028] The permeable concrete layer of the pedestrian plank road 33 has a strength grade of C20, a thickness of 80-100mm, and a water permeability coefficient of ≥1×10-2cm / s. The plank road panels are made of antiseptic wood or recycled plastic composite materials, with a gap of 5-10mm between the panels.

[0029] The mud slope protection section 4 includes an artificial soil layer and a fourth plant zone 43 arranged on the artificial soil layer. The artificial soil layer includes an organic planting soil layer 41 and an anti-scour topsoil layer 42 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The double-layer matrix structure is conducive to the continuous promotion of plant growth by microbial activity. The plant types in the fourth plant zone 43 are shrubs and small trees. The anti-scour topsoil layer 42 contains specific plant seeds. The combination of planting and sowing is conducive to further stabilizing the slope and preventing soil erosion. The types of specific plant seeds are the same as those in the fourth plant zone 43. The ratio of clay, organic material, anti-scour agent and specific plant seeds is mixed according to 5:4:1:1.

[0030] The organic planting soil layer 41 utilizes an organic matrix with a thickness of 300-500 mm. The organic matrix is ​​made from crushed and fermented garden waste and contains a variety of microorganisms. The anti-scour topsoil layer 42 utilizes an anti-scour matrix with a thickness of 30-50 mm. The anti-scour matrix includes clay, organic materials, an anti-scour agent, and specific plant seeds. The specific plant seeds are the same species as those in the fourth plant zone 43. The clay, organic materials, anti-scour agent, and specific plant seeds are mixed in a ratio of 5:4:1:1.

[0031] The herbaceous plants include any one or more of sieve grass, carex, apricot, seaside sweet pea, and kidney-leaved cup flower; the shrubs include any one or more of simple-leaved vitex, dogbane, wolfberry, hibiscus, seaside ash, sea ash, sea ash, and tamarisk; the low shrubs include any one or more of simple-leaved vitex, wolfberry, and hibiscus; the small trees include any one or more of hackberry, mulberry, Taiwan acacia, casuarina, morris, and thick-leaved grouper.

[0032] The plants in the plant area are planted by a combination of sowing and planting. The plant seeds are collected from the native vegetation areas around the sand, making full use of the adaptability of local plants.

[0033] The construction steps of the ecological slope protection system are as follows:

[0034] 1) Based on the terrain characteristics of the coastal sandy land, the slope protection section is divided into sandy slope protection section 1, ecological gabion slope protection section 2, rock slope protection section 3 and mud slope protection section 4 from the sea side to the land side. The location of ecological gabion slope protection section 2 is marked at the offshore 1 / 3 of the sandy coast, and the segment boundaries of the remaining areas are adjusted according to the slope;

[0035] 2) Sowing sand-dwelling herbaceous plants such as sifrage grass, carex, and nephrolepis in the sandy slope protection section 1;

[0036] 3) Laying ecological gabions, with a gravel cushion layer at the bottom of the ecological gabions. The ecological gabions include an external reinforced frame and blocks and / or graded pebbles filled in the frame. The size of the ecological gabions is 400*800*1000, and the size of the blocks and / or graded pebbles is 50-150 mm. The gabions are hinged and fixed by steel wire to form a continuous slope protection surface, and are tilted 5° toward the sea to disperse wave impact. The top of the gabions is covered with a 300 mm thick sandy topsoil layer 22, and a mixture of sieve grass, moss, and simple leaf vitex is sown (ratio 3:3:1);

[0037] 4) A beach pebble layer 31 is laid at the bottom of the rock slope protection section 3. The thickness of the beach pebble layer 31 is 200 mm, the compaction degree is ≥90%, and the particle size of the beach pebble is 20-50 mm. The gaps between the pebbles are filled with coarse sand. A landscape stone area 32 is set on the side close to the gabion slope protection section, where natural landscape stones with a diameter of 0.3-0.6 m are placed. Moss and sieve grass are sown in the gaps.

[0038] 5) A 1.5m wide antiseptic wooden pedestrian walkway 33 is provided on the landward side of the scenic rock area 32. A permeable concrete layer is provided at the bottom of the pedestrian walkway 33. The permeable concrete layer has a strength grade of C20, a thickness of 80-100mm, and a water permeability coefficient of ≥1×10-2cm / s. The walkway panels are fixed with pre-buried anchors.

[0039] 6) The third plant zone 34 is located on the landward side of the plank road, where Vitex simplex and Apocynum venetum are planted, with Cynanchum nephrolepis interspersed among the shrubs.

[0040] 7) The bottom layer of the mud slope protection section 4 is paved with a 400mm thick organic planting soil layer 41. The crushed and fermented garden waste organic matrix is ​​mixed with clay in a ratio of 7:3 and compacted to a bulk density of 1.2g / cm 3 Plant Chinese hackberry and Chinese mulberry, mix them in a volume ratio of clay: organic matter (coconut bran): anti-scour agent (carboxymethyl cellulose): plant seeds (Chinese hackberry, Chinese mulberry) = 5:4:1:1, and spray them on the surface of the organic planting soil layer 41 to form a 30mm anti-scour topsoil layer 42 rich in plant seeds.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants, characterized by: include, From the coastal sand land to the sea side and then to the land side, there are sand slope protection sections, ecological gabion slope protection sections, rock slope protection sections and mud slope protection sections. The sandy slope protection section is set as a first plant area, and the first plant area is planted with native sand-dwelling herbaceous plants; The ecological gabion slope protection section is set at the offshore 1 / 3 of the sandy coast, which includes an ecological gabion layer and a sandy topsoil layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and a second plant area is set on the sandy topsoil layer, in which native sand-dwelling herbs and low shrubs are mixedly planted; The rock slope protection section includes a beach pebble layer at the bottom, and a landscape stone area, a walking plank road, and a third plant area arranged above the beach pebble layer and arranged in sequence from the ecological gabion slope protection section to the rock slope protection section. Landscape stones are placed in the landscape stone area, and herbaceous plants are planted in the gaps between the landscape stones. Shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted in the third plant area, and the distribution area of ​​the shrubs is larger than the distribution area of ​​the herbaceous plants. The mud slope protection section includes an artificial soil layer and a fourth plant zone arranged on the artificial soil layer. The artificial soil layer includes an organic planting soil layer and an anti-scour topsoil layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. Shrubs and small trees are planted in the fourth plant zone, and the anti-scour topsoil layer contains specific plant seeds.

2. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1 is characterized by: The organic planting soil layer adopts an organic matrix with a thickness of 300-500mm. The organic matrix is ​​prepared by crushing and fermenting garden waste. The anti-scour topsoil layer adopts an anti-scour matrix with a thickness of 30-50mm. The anti-scour matrix includes clay, organic materials, anti-scour agents and specific plant seeds.

3. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1 is characterized by: The species of the specific plant seeds are the same as the plant species in the fourth plant zone; the clay, organic material, anti-scour agent and specific plant seeds are mixed in a ratio of 5:4:1:

1.

4. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1 is characterized by: The herbaceous plants include any one or more of sieve grass, moss, apricot, seaside sweet pea, and kidney-leaved cup flower; the shrubs include any one or more of simple-leaved vitex, wolfberry, hibiscus, seaside ash, seaside sea ash, and tamarisk; the low shrubs include any one or more of simple-leaved vitex, wolfberry, and hibiscus; the small trees include any one or more of hackberry, mulberry, Taiwan acacia, casuarina, morris, and thick-leaved grouper.

5. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1 is characterized by: The woody plants in the plant area are planted in a combination of sowing and planting, and the plant seeds are collected from the native vegetation area around the sand.

6. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological gabion includes an external reinforced steel frame and blocks of stone and / or graded pebbles filled in the frame; the size of the ecological gabion is 400*800*1000, the size of the blocks of stone and / or graded pebbles is 50-150 mm, and the blocks of stone are natural non-weathered rocks.

7. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the beach pebble layer is 200-300 mm, and the compaction degree is ≥90%; the particle size of the beach pebble is 20-50 mm, and the gaps between the pebbles are filled with coarse sand.

8. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1 is characterized by: The landscape stones are beach rocks.

9. The coastal sandy land ecological slope protection system based on native plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable concrete layer of the walking plank road has a strength grade of C20, a thickness of 80-100 mm, and a water permeability coefficient of ≥1×10-2 cm / s; the plank road boards are made of antiseptic wood or recycled plastic composite materials, and the gap between the boards is 5-10 mm.

Images