Anchor cable device for strip mine slope reinforcement and arrangement method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of slope reinforcement, and discloses an anchor cable device for strip mine slope reinforcement and an arrangement method. The anchoring section design module is connected with the end part of the anchor cable body and is used for designing a thread-shaped structure on the surface of the anchor cable so as to increase the contact area with a grouting material; the sensing monitoring module comprises an optical fiber sensor and a temperature sensor which are embedded in the anchor cable body, all the sensors are connected with the anchoring section design module and used for monitoring stress, displacement and temperature changes of the anchor cable, the sensor module uses the optical fiber sensor to collect signals, and based on the light wave reflection principle, the optical fiber sensor is connected with the anchoring section design module; and analyzing the wavelength shift of the light wave to evaluate the stress state of the anchor cable. According to the method, the fiber bragg grating sensors are pre-embedded between the carbon fiber layers in the compression molding stage, and the sensors are fixed in the full circumferential direction through radial pressure stress generated by resin curing shrinkage, so that the strain monitoring precision is improved, and real-time and reliable anchor cable stress change monitoring data are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of slope reinforcement, and in particular relates to an anchor cable device for open-pit mine slope reinforcement and an arrangement method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Existing slope reinforcement anchor cables mostly use traditional reinforced concrete or all-steel anchor cables. While these cables offer high strength, they suffer from several key issues: Under long-term dynamic loads (such as mining vibration and slope sliding), traditional anchor cables exhibit poor fatigue resistance, making their stress state difficult to monitor and potentially leading to cable breakage or failure.

[0003] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows: It is difficult to monitor the changes in the mechanical properties of anchor cables under long-term dynamic loads in mines, and the fracture and failure of anchor cables are often unpredictable. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an anchor cable device for reinforcing an open-pit mine slope and a layout method thereof.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by providing an anchor cable device for reinforcing an open pit mine slope, comprising: Composite fiber anchor cable body; Anchoring section design module, connected to the end of the anchor cable body, used to design a threaded structure on the surface of the anchor cable to increase the contact area with the grouting material; The sensing and monitoring module includes a fiber optic sensor and a temperature sensor embedded in the anchor cable body. Each sensor is connected to the anchor section design module to monitor the stress, displacement and temperature changes of the anchor cable. The sensor module uses a fiber optic sensor to collect signals and, based on the principle of light wave reflection, analyzes the wavelength deviation of the light wave to evaluate the stress state of the anchor cable.

[0006] Traditional smooth-surface anchor cables mainly rely on chemical bonding after grouting and curing. Under the dynamic loads of open-pit mines, such as blasting vibration and rock creep, interfacial peeling is prone to occur, causing the anchor cable to be pulled out of the rock as a whole. Externally mounted resistance strain gauges are easily affected by moisture corrosion and electromagnetic interference, and are unable to capture the internal stress distribution of the anchor cable. The monitoring data is prone to lag and distortion, and the monitoring accuracy of the actual damage development is insufficient.

[0007] By using the anchor segment design module to create continuous spiral protrusions on the anchor cable surface, the grout forms a mechanically interlocking structure during the curing process. When the anchor cable is subjected to tension, the shear force at the grout-rock interface is converted into compressive stress in the direction of the thread inclination, significantly reducing the shear stress concentration at the interface.

[0008] The optical fiber sensor is embedded in the core of the anchor cable during the manufacturing stage. When the anchor cable is strained, the periodic change of the fiber grating causes the reflection wavelength to shift, which can be used to convert the axial strain of the anchor cable in real time, thereby directly capturing the strain mutation caused by microcracks inside the anchor cable.

[0009] In addition, quartz optical fiber is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion, and its signal-to-noise ratio is better than that of resistive strain gauges under strong electromagnetic interference in mining fields.

[0010] Furthermore, the anchor cable body includes a composite fiber anchor cable body, which is made of multi-directional woven carbon fiber cloth and a thermosetting resin matrix, and the sensor detection module is embedded in the composite material anchor cable.

[0011] The anchor cable body is a multi-directional woven carbon fiber / thermosetting resin-based composite material with triaxially woven carbon fiber cloth as the reinforcement phase, combined with epoxy resin vacuum infusion curing to form a dense matrix, which reduces the density of the anchor cable and greatly reduces the transportation and installation load in complex terrain; at the same time, the resin matrix forms a continuous coating on the carbon fiber surface to prevent water vapor and sulfides from forming corrosion channels, greatly improving the tensile strength retention rate in the acidic mine water environment, and the service life is significantly improved compared to traditional steel anchor cables; during the molding stage, the fiber Bragg grating sensor is pre-embedded between the carbon fiber layers, and the radial compressive stress generated by the resin curing shrinkage is used to achieve full circumferential fixation of the sensor; at the same time, the thermal expansion coefficients of carbon fiber and optical fiber are similar, avoiding signal interference caused by monitoring signal drift caused by temperature changes in the mine, thereby improving the accuracy of strain monitoring.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an installation and grouting module, which is connected to the sensor monitoring module and is used to install the anchor cable into the borehole and achieve tight anchoring through high-fluidity cement-based slurry and threaded structure, while ensuring accurate installation in complex terrain through an automatic installation device.

[0013] The installation and grouting module significantly improves the compactness, reliability, and construction adaptability of open-pit mine slope reinforcement by integrating a highly fluid cement-based grout with threaded anchoring and an automated installation device. The module utilizes a highly fluid cement-based grout that, through pressure grouting, fully penetrates the grooves in the threaded structure on the anchor cable surface, creating a dual anchoring mechanism of mechanical engagement and chemical bonding. The grout's high fluidity ensures seamless filling of the borehole, avoiding weak anchoring areas caused by air holes or voids. This significantly improves the bond strength between the anchor interface and the rock mass, effectively resisting slope shear slip.

[0014] To address the steep and broken geological conditions of open-pit mine slopes, the automatic installation device integrates high-precision positioning and a robotic arm control system. The inertial navigation module and roller conveyor carried by the robotic arm stably transport the anchor cable deep into the borehole, avoiding the risk of deviation associated with manual installation even in strong winds or vibration environments. The quantitative grouting system is triggered immediately after implantation, and the grouting flow rate is regulated in real time by a pressure sensor to ensure uniform slurry penetration and achieve precise integrated drilling and grouting operations. At the same time, the embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor and the grouting module are linked in real time to dynamically optimize the construction process. During construction, sensors monitor the initial stress distribution of the anchor cable due to the grouting pressure, and feedback on the slurry solidification status via the Bragg wavelength offset. If a local stress anomaly is detected, the system automatically initiates secondary grouting to avoid the risk of anchor debonding. The matching error between the borehole diameter and the anchor cable diameter is calibrated using real-time displacement data to ensure the fit between the threaded structure and the hole wall, further enhancing the bonding strength of the anchoring section.

[0015] Furthermore, metal ends are provided at both ends of the anchor cable.

[0016] The metal end is structurally integrated into the anchor cable device through the processing of the anchor section design module, directly acting on the mechanical transmission path of the anchor section. The geometric configuration of the metal end forms a complementary nesting with the anchor cable thread structure, acting as a stress transmission hub during the grouting process, efficiently transferring the slope load borne by the anchor cable to the deep rock mass. Its implementation involves a dual mechanism: the metal end is made of high-strength alloy with a yield strength significantly higher than that of conventional anchor cable materials. It is used to withstand the shear stress concentration under the dynamic load of the open-pit mine, avoiding the loose strands or plastic deformation of traditional pure fiber anchor cables caused by the stress concentration at the end.

[0017] In terms of construction adaptability, the preformed design of the metal end works in conjunction with the automatic installation device. When the robotic arm inserts the anchor cable, the rigid structure of the metal end resists irregular friction from the drilled rock wall, preventing deformation of the anchor cable end due to collision with the rock mass during transportation. At the same time, its streamlined profile guides the slurry to fill evenly along the threaded grooves, avoiding the void defects caused by slurry retention at the end of traditional anchor cables. Regarding long-term service performance, the anti-corrosion coating (such as zinc-aluminum plating) on ​​the metal end and the solidified slurry together block groundwater erosion. Combined with the real-time monitoring of the stress state of the end by the fiber optic sensor, they jointly improve the long-term service performance of the anchor rod.

[0018] The present application also provides a method for arranging an anchor cable device for reinforcing an open-pit mine slope, comprising the following steps: Initial slope stability analysis and anchor cable arrangement analysis; Customize the length, diameter and surface thread structure of fiber composite anchor cables according to the slope stress distribution; The anchor cable is manufactured by molding process and the optical fiber sensor is embedded in the anchor cable; Drilling and anchor cable installation; Activate the fiber optic sensor embedded in the anchor cable to monitor the stress of the anchor cable and the displacement of the slope in real time; Dynamically adjust reinforcement measures based on sensor data; Subsequent maintenance and analysis.

[0019] This layout method customizes anchor cable parameters based on stress distribution data from slope stability analysis, allowing the mechanical properties of the anchor cables to spatially match the rock stress field, reducing the risk of stress concentration. Distributed fiber optic sensors are then embedded during the compression molding process, and the co-curing process of sensors and fiber reinforcements avoids interface peeling hazards, providing a hardware foundation for real-time monitoring.

[0020] During the drilling and installation stage, the mechanical bite of the threaded structure on the surface of the anchor cable and the hole wall forms a double anchoring mechanism with the assistance of high-pressure grouting. The instant activation of the embedded sensor enables the anchor cable stress state and slope displacement data to be transmitted in real time to the staff or some integrated operating system. When a sudden change in the anchor cable stress gradient or an excessive displacement rate is detected, an early warning is automatically triggered and the reinforcement strategy is dynamically adjusted.

[0021] In terms of long-term benefits, this method establishes a predictive maintenance mechanism, constructing a slope creep model based on the continuously accumulated stress-displacement time series data, combining geological and hydrological parameters to predict the development of potential slip surfaces, and guiding maintenance personnel to accurately locate anchor fatigue nodes. At the same time, the fiber optic sensor monitors microcracks in the slurry solidification body, allowing the risk of local failure to be identified before macroscopic deformation, reducing maintenance costs compared to regular manual inspections. On the production side, the rigid structure of the metal end stabilizes the layout environment of the fiber optic sensor during the dynamic grouting process, preventing the sensor from being damaged by rock friction during the installation phase. The thread parameter design of the subsequent anchor cable is reversely optimized based on real-time data, forming a positive cycle of "monitoring-feedback-optimization" to achieve self-circulating optimization of the reinforcement project.

[0022] Furthermore, the initial slope stability analysis and anchor cable arrangement include: 3D modeling of slopes using drones and terrestrial laser scanning technology; The limit equilibrium method and finite element method are combined to analyze the potential unstable areas of the slope and optimize the layout, number and inclination angle of the anchor cables.

[0023] Furthermore, the initial slope stability analysis and anchor cable arrangement also include: Combined with the limit equilibrium analysis model, the potential instability area of ​​the slope is calculated to guide the arrangement of anchor cables; Stability coefficient calculation formula: in: : Anti-slip force : Sliding force c: soil cohesion; : internal friction angle; L: sliding surface length; N: force perpendicular to the sliding surface; T: shear force along the sliding surface; Combined with the anchor cable stress model, the stress distribution of the fiber composite anchor cable is analyzed. Anchor cable tensile strength calculation formula: in: The bonding strength formula between anchor cable and grouting interface is: in: : bonding strength; P: axial force borne by the anchor cable; d: anchor cable diameter; L: length of anchoring section; Furthermore, drilling and anchor cable installation include: Use high-precision drilling equipment to drill holes at designated locations on the slope, ensuring that the hole diameter matches the anchor cable diameter; When installing the anchor cable, the anchor cable is tightly connected to the slope through pressure grouting method in combination with the quantitative grouting system.

[0024] Furthermore, the fiber optic sensor embedded in the anchor cable is activated to monitor the stress of the anchor cable and the displacement of the slope in real time, including: combining the Bragg wavelength change formula to monitor the deformation and stress state of the anchor cable, Bragg wavelength change formula: in: : Bragg wavelength change; : initial Bragg wavelength; pe: effective Poisson's ratio of optical fiber; : Anchor cable strain.

[0025] Furthermore, subsequent maintenance and analysis include: regularly collecting anchor cable and slope monitoring data, using machine learning algorithms to predict the possible failure time of anchor cables, and providing precise maintenance guidance.

[0026] In summary, the technical effects that can be achieved by the present invention are: By machining continuous spiral protrusions on the anchor cable surface, the grout forms a mechanical interlocking structure during the curing process. When the anchor cable is subjected to tension, the shear force at the grout-rock interface is converted into compressive stress in the direction of the thread inclination, significantly reducing the shear stress concentration at the interface.

[0027] The fiber optic sensor is embedded in the core of the anchor cable during the manufacturing stage. When the anchor cable is strained, the periodic change of the fiber grating causes the reflection wavelength to shift, which can be used to convert the axial strain of the anchor cable in real time, thereby directly capturing the strain mutation caused by microcracks inside the anchor cable, so as to achieve real-time and effective monitoring of the internal mechanical properties of the anchor cable.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the anchor cable body provided in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the anchor cable body provided in the embodiment of the present application directly connected to the drill hole; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the anchor cable body and the tapered sleeve provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open-pit mine provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a first optimized process for S101 in a method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open-pit mine provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a second optimized process for S101 in a method for arranging an anchor cable device for reinforcing an open-pit mine slope provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an optimized process for S104 in a method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open-pit mine provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an optimized process for S105 in a method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open-pit mine provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the optimized process of S107 in the process of the method for arranging an anchor cable device for reinforcing an open-pit mine slope provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Carbon fiber inner layer; 2. Carbon fiber outer layer; 3. Optical fiber layer; 4. Continuous spiral protrusion structure; 5. Conical sleeve; 6. Retention flange; 7. Epoxy resin filling layer; 8. Water-proof adhesive layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0034] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 An anchor cable device for open-pit mine slope reinforcement includes an anchor cable body, an anchoring section design module, and a sensor detection module. The anchoring section design module is connected to the end of the anchor cable body and is used to design a threaded structure on the surface of the anchor cable to increase the contact area with the grouting material. The sensing monitoring module is embedded in the anchor cable body and connected to the anchor section design module. It is used to monitor the stress, displacement and temperature changes of the anchor cable. The sensor module uses a fiber Bragg grating sensor to collect signals and analyzes the wavelength deviation of the light wave based on the principle of light wave reflection to evaluate the stress state of the anchor cable.

[0042] The composite fiber anchor cable body comprises an inner carbon fiber layer 1, an optical fiber layer 3, and an outer carbon fiber layer 2. The inner and outer carbon fiber layers 1 and 2 are reinforced with triaxially woven T700-grade carbon fiber cloth, formed using a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process with low-viscosity epoxy resin. A distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor array (hereinafter referred to as the optical fiber sensor) is embedded in the optical fiber layer 3 between the inner and outer carbon fiber layers 1 and 2. The optical fiber sensor is circumferentially secured using radial compressive stress generated by resin curing shrinkage. This process forms a molecular bond between the optical fiber sensor and the carbon fiber matrix, eliminating strain transfer losses caused by microgaps at the interface. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient of the high-modulus carbon fiber at high fiber volume fraction matches the thermal expansion of the optical fiber along the fiber direction, thereby controlling monitoring drift caused by daytime temperature fluctuations in open-pit mines within an acceptable range and achieving very high measurement accuracy.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 The anchor section design module uses a CNC machine tool molding process to machine a continuous spiral protrusion structure 4 with a depth of 2.0±0.1 mm, a pitch of 15 mm, and a 45-degree inclination angle onto the anchor cable surface. A 0.2-mm radius transition is provided at the root of the thread to eliminate stress concentration. The continuous spiral protrusion structure 4 allows the cement slurry to penetrate, forming a three-level mechanical interlocking structure of resin, slurry, and rock. When the slope is subjected to blasting vibration, the 45-degree inclination of the continuous spiral protrusion structure 4 decomposes the shear force at the slurry-rock interface into axial compressive stress, significantly reducing the risk of overall anchor cable pullout due to chemical bond failure. The continuous spiral protrusion structure 4 is coordinated with fiber optic sensor monitoring during the molding stage. During the resin curing process, the fiber Bragg grating sensor monitors the matrix shrinkage stress in real time to ensure that the thread reaches the designed tensile strength before demolding. During service, the mechanical interlocking action of the continuous spiral protrusion structure 4 stabilizes the fiber optic sensing environment, preventing damage to the internal sensor due to direct rock stress.

[0044] The sensor monitoring module uses a distributed demodulator to analyze the optical fiber sensor's wavelength offset in real time and convert it into the anchor cable's axial strain ε. When a sudden change in strain gradient or microcrack signal (wavelength step > 0.5 nm) is detected, the system automatically triggers an audible and visual alarm and locates the faulty section. The electromagnetic interference resistance of quartz optical fiber ensures data reliability even in the strong electromagnetic fields of open-pit mine drilling rigs. Thread parameters are customized based on slope stress contours, forming a self-optimizing cycle of damage detection and structural optimization.

[0045] Reference Figure 2In other embodiments, an anchor cable device for reinforcing the slope of an open-pit mine also includes an installation and grouting module, which is connected to the sensor monitoring module and is used to install the anchor cable into the borehole and achieve tight anchoring with the continuous spiral protrusion structure 4 through high-fluidity cement-based slurry, while ensuring precise installation under complex terrain through an automatic installation device. In this embodiment, the installation and grouting module includes a six-axis hydraulic robotic arm integrated with a high-precision inertial navigation module, and a roller conveyor is equipped at the end of the robotic arm. During construction, the implantation path is planned based on the three-dimensional geological model of the slope, and the robotic arm automatically adjusts the inclination angle of the drill hole. For broken rock or steep slopes, the roller conveyor pushes the anchor cable at a constant speed of 0.5 meters per second, and monitors the friction resistance of the rock wall in real time to ensure that the continuous spiral protrusion structure 4 of the anchor cable is free of collision and deformation.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 In other embodiments, metal ends are provided at both ends of the anchor cable. These metal ends are designed and processed using the anchoring segment design module. In this embodiment, the metal ends comprise a forged conical sleeve 5 made of alloy steel, with a specific taper angle optimized using elastic stress diffusion theory. The inner wall of the conical sleeve 5 is machined with reverse spiral grooves and shot-peened. The surface roughness is controlled and then hot-dip galvanized. An annular stop flange 6 is provided at the end of the conical structure to prevent relative displacement between the metal sleeve and the composite material during anchor cable tensioning.

[0047] The conical sleeve 5 is preheated to a specific temperature range, and an epoxy tape containing nanofillers is wrapped around the end of the carbon fiber anchor cable. After the epoxy tape reaches a semi-cured state through thermal radiation, the anchor cable is screwed into the sleeve and axial pressure is applied.

[0048] Under the protection of inert gas, the epoxy resin infiltration of the tapered sleeve 5 is completed according to a gradient temperature increase program, and the epoxy resin filling layer 7 is formed after cooling to suppress the interface stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the metal and the composite material.

[0049] The surface of the epoxy resin filling layer 7 exposed in the rock mass is covered with a waterproof adhesive to form a waterproof adhesive layer 8 to prevent the acidic groundwater from slowly affecting the epoxy resin filling layer 7 .

[0050] The tapered structure of the conical sleeve 5 decomposes the tensile force into axial and radial components. The axial component is transmitted to the carbon fiber anchor cable through the resin filling layer 7, achieving uniform load distribution. The radial component squeezes the slurry on the hole wall, enhancing the slurry-rock bond. When the rock mass undergoes creep displacement, the mechanical locking mechanism of the spiral grooves within the conical sleeve 5 delays interfacial debonding and maintains the stability of the anchoring force.

[0051] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The present application also discloses a method for arranging an anchor cable device for reinforcing an open-pit mine slope, comprising the following steps: S101, initial slope stability analysis and anchor cable arrangement analysis; S102. Customize the length, diameter and surface thread structure of the fiber composite anchor cable according to the slope stress distribution; In this embodiment, the following four specific designs under relatively common mining geological environment conditions are provided, but this does not mean that the present application only has these four settings.

[0052] For high and steep rock slopes, the anchor cable inclination angle is set to 20 degrees to 25 degrees perpendicular to the normal of the main joint surface and the spacing is reduced to 1.5 meters × 1.5 meters. The reverse spiral groove of the conical sleeve is used to guide the slurry to penetrate into the cracks to form a mechanical interlock. At the same time, the embedded fiber optic sensor is used to monitor the joint opening strain. The shear resistance is maximized by vertical arrangement, and the stress diffusion effect of rock crushing is compensated by dense arrangement. In slopes with weak interlayers, the anchor cable with an inclination angle of -10 degrees is arranged vertically axially, so that the free section covers the thickness of the sliding body and the anchor section penetrates into the bedrock ≥4.5 meters. The continuous spiral convex structure converts the interface shear stress into radial compressive stress, and the high-fluidity slurry penetrates the interlayer and solidifies to improve the bonding strength, directly inhibiting the soil from sliding down along the contact surface. In the face of acid In the sensitive groundwater environment, it is necessary to increase the carbon fiber resin coating layer to 1.2 mm, chrome-plated tapered sleeve and added inclined drainage holes to form triple protection. The epoxy resin filling layer blocks the acid etching channel, the chrome-plated layer delays metal corrosion, the drainage hole reduces the pore water pressure, and the optical fiber sensor simultaneously monitors the expansion of micro-cracks in the anchor rod to achieve early warning. For the area affected by blasting vibration, the anchor cable spacing is reduced to 1.8 meters × 1.8 meters, the thread depth is increased to 8 mm and the sampling frequency of the optical fiber sensor is increased to 200 Hz. The dynamic load impact is dispersed through the dense layout, the deep thread enhances the fatigue resistance of the slurry bite, and the high-frequency sampling is used to capture the transient strain. The tapered structure of the tapered sleeve is combined to optimize the stress diffusion path, and the fatigue failure of the anchor system caused by dynamic loads is synergistically resisted.

[0053] S103, manufacturing an anchor cable by a molding process, and embedding an optical fiber sensor in the anchor cable; After determining the size of the anchor cable, the carbon fiber reinforcement is pre-tensioned after standardized cutting to eliminate internal stress, the tapered sleeve is turned with internal threads and chrome-plated to enhance corrosion resistance, and the grouting channel is processed simultaneously to prepare for subsequent glue injection; after the epoxy tape is wrapped around the anchoring section, a 45-degree inclined thread structure that fits the surface of the composite fiber anchor cable is hot-pressed, and the diameter of the anchoring section is increased by hot extrusion to form an anti-slip cone; the threaded section is screwed into the metal sleeve, and an epoxy resin filling layer is injected to fill the interface gap. Waterproof glue is coated on both ends of the sleeve to form a waterproof glue layer to prevent acidic groundwater from slowly degrading the epoxy resin filling layer; single-mode optical fiber is pre-embedded along the axial direction of the carbon fiber reinforcement, and a micro stainless steel capillary is sheathed to resist shearing; the optical fiber lead-out end is connected to a ceramic ferrule connector, and a sealed channel is reserved in the metal sleeve for fiber threading, and the signal stability is tested after power is turned on.

[0054] S104, drilling and anchor cable installation; S105, activating the fiber optic sensor embedded in the anchor cable to monitor the stress of the anchor cable and the displacement of the slope in real time; Activate the fiber optic sensor embedded in the anchor cable, convert the axial strain of the anchor cable in real time, and set local sudden strain and displacement rate sudden change warnings. The threshold is set based on the rock creep constitutive model, corresponding to the critical state of slope shear slip.

[0055] S106. Dynamically adjust reinforcement measures based on sensor data; S107. Subsequent maintenance and analysis.

[0056] The optical fiber sensor is combined with the Bragg wavelength change formula to monitor the deformation and stress state of the anchor cable. Bragg wavelength change formula: in: : Bragg wavelength change; : initial Bragg wavelength; pe: effective Poisson's ratio of optical fiber; : Anchor cable strain.

[0057] Dynamically adjust reinforcement measures based on sensor data; Subsequent maintenance and analysis.

[0058] Reference Figure 5 In some other embodiments, S101 further includes: S1011, 3D modeling of slopes using drones and terrestrial laser scanning technology; S1012. Analyze potential slope instability areas by combining the limit equilibrium method and the finite element method to optimize the placement, number, and inclination angle of anchor cables. By integrating drone aerial surveys with ground-based laser scanning, a centimeter-level 3D digital twin model of the slope was constructed, accurately reproducing the distribution of rock mass structural surfaces, weak interlayers, and fracture networks. This model automatically extracts key parameters such as rock mass quality and joint occurrence. Combined with microseismic monitoring data, it predicts high-risk slip areas and mitigates the risk of anchor cables being placed in weak zones within rock bridges.

[0059] The limit equilibrium method can quickly locate potential slip surfaces and calculate safety factors. The finite element method can quantify the distribution of plastic zones under multiple working conditions such as blasting vibration and rainfall penetration, accurately identify high stress gradient areas, and the dual algorithms collaboratively output stress cloud maps, which can guide the dynamic adaptation of anchor cable parameters.

[0060] Reference Figure 6 In some other embodiments, S101 further includes: S1013. Calculate the potential instability area of ​​the slope using the limit equilibrium analysis model to guide anchor cable placement; Stability coefficient calculation formula: in: : Anti-slip force : Sliding force c: soil cohesion; : internal friction angle; L: sliding surface length; N: force perpendicular to the sliding surface; T: shear force along the sliding surface; S1014. Analyze the stress distribution of fiber composite anchor cables based on the anchor cable stress model; Anchor cable tensile strength calculation formula: in: The bonding formula between anchor cable and grouting interface is: in: : bonding strength; P: axial force borne by the anchor cable; d: anchor cable diameter; L: Anchorage section length.

[0061] Reference Figure 7 In some other embodiments, S104 further includes: S1041. Use high-precision drilling equipment to drill holes at designated locations on the slope, ensuring that the hole diameter matches the anchor cable diameter; S1042. When installing anchor cables, use the quantitative grouting system and pressure grouting to tightly connect the anchor cables to the slope.

[0062] A high-precision down-the-hole drill is used for dry drilling. Precise aperture control ensures that the gap between the thread groove and the hole wall is ≤5 mm, creating conditions for high-pressure grouting to form a uniform wrapping layer. The inertial navigation module controls the robotic arm to transport the anchor cable to the bottom of the hole. The streamlined profile of the tapered sleeve guides the slurry to fill the borehole, and the rigid structure resists friction against the hole wall, eliminating optical fiber damage caused by transportation collisions. High-fluidity cement-based slurry is injected by the bottom-hole return slurry method, and the grouting pressure is maintained until the hole mouth overflows.

[0063] Reference Figure 8 In some other embodiments, S105 further includes: S1051, combined with the Bragg wavelength change formula to monitor the deformation and stress state of the anchor cable, Bragg wavelength change formula: in: : Bragg wavelength change; : initial Bragg wavelength; pe: effective Poisson's ratio of optical fiber; : Anchor cable strain.

[0064] Reference Figure 9 In some other embodiments, S107 specifically includes: S1071. Regularly collect anchor cable and slope monitoring data, use machine learning algorithms to predict the possible failure time of anchor cables, and provide accurate maintenance guidance.

[0065] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments having substantially the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, any other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art and that combine some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An anchor cable device for open pit mine slope reinforcement, characterized in that: include: Composite fiber anchor cable body; An anchoring section design module, connected to the end of the composite fiber anchor cable body, used to design a threaded structure on the surface of the composite fiber anchor cable body to increase the contact area with the grouting material; The sensing and monitoring module is embedded in the composite fiber anchor body and connected to the anchor section design module. It is used to monitor the stress, displacement and temperature changes of the anchor. The sensing and monitoring module uses a fiber Bragg grating sensor to collect signals and analyzes the wavelength deviation of the light wave based on the principle of light wave reflection to evaluate the stress state of the anchor.

2. The anchor cable device for open-pit mine slope reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite fiber anchor cable body is made of multi-directionally woven carbon fiber cloth and a thermosetting resin matrix, and the sensor monitoring module is embedded in the composite fiber anchor cable body.

3. The anchor cable device for open-pit mine slope reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an installation and grouting module, which is connected to the sensor monitoring module and is used to install the anchor cable into the borehole and achieve tight anchoring through high-fluidity cement-based slurry and threaded structure, while ensuring accurate installation in complex terrain through an automatic installation device.

4. The anchor cable device for open-pit mine slope reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that: Metal ends are also provided at both ends of the anchor cable.

5. A method for arranging an anchor cable device for open-pit mine slope reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Initial slope stability analysis and anchor cable arrangement analysis; Customize the length, diameter and surface thread structure of fiber composite anchor cables according to the slope stress distribution; The anchor cable is manufactured by molding process and the optical fiber sensor is embedded in the anchor cable; Drilling and anchor cable installation; Activate the fiber optic sensor embedded in the anchor cable to monitor the stress of the anchor cable and the displacement of the slope in real time; Dynamically adjust reinforcement measures based on sensor data; Subsequent maintenance and analysis.

6. The method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open pit mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The initial slope stability analysis and anchor cable arrangement include: 3D modeling of slopes using drones and terrestrial laser scanning technology; The limit equilibrium method and finite element method are combined to analyze the potential unstable areas of the slope and optimize the layout, number and inclination angle of the anchor cables.

7. The method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open pit mine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The initial slope stability analysis and anchor cable arrangement also include: Combined with the limit equilibrium analysis model, the potential instability area of ​​the slope is calculated to guide the arrangement of anchor cables; Stability coefficient calculation formula: in: : Anti-slip force : Sliding force c: soil cohesion; : internal friction angle; L: sliding surface length; N: force perpendicular to the sliding surface; T: shear force along the sliding surface; Combined with the anchor cable stress model, the stress distribution of the fiber composite anchor cable is analyzed. Anchor cable tensile strength calculation formula: in: : tensile stress; F: force; A: Anchor cable cross-sectional area The bonding formula between anchor cable and grouting interface is: in: : bonding strength; P: axial force borne by the anchor cable; d: anchor cable diameter; L: Anchorage section length.

8. The method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open pit mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drilling and anchor cable installation process includes: Use high-precision drilling equipment to drill holes at designated locations on the slope, ensuring that the hole diameter matches the anchor cable diameter; When installing the anchor cable, the anchor cable is tightly connected to the slope through pressure grouting method in combination with the quantitative grouting system.

9. The method for arranging an anchor cable device for slope reinforcement in an open pit mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The activation of the fiber optic sensor embedded in the anchor cable to monitor the stress of the anchor cable and the displacement of the slope in real time includes: combining the Bragg wavelength change formula to monitor the deformation and stress state of the anchor cable, Bragg wavelength change formula: in: : Bragg wavelength change; : initial Bragg wavelength; pe: effective Poisson's ratio of optical fiber; : Anchor cable strain.

10. The method for arranging an anchor cable device for open-pit mine slope reinforcement according to claim 5, characterized in that: The subsequent maintenance and analysis includes: regularly collecting anchor cable and slope monitoring data, using machine learning algorithms to predict the possible failure time of the anchor cable, and providing accurate maintenance guidance.

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