Cable conveying underground automatic adjusting orientation perforation device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well cable conveying directional perforation, in particular to a cable conveying underground automatic adjusting directional perforation device and method. The device is characterized in that the underground automatic adjusting orientation combination instrument at least comprises a servo power adjuster, a gyro inclinometer and a perforator; the underground automatic adjusting orientation combination instrument is connected with a ground perforation information detection control instrument which collects real-time percussion angle data and sends the real-time percussion angle data to an upper computer; the ground perforation information detection controller is connected with an upper computer which is used for determining a required rotation angle when the real-time percussion angle of the perforator is within a preset percussion angle range according to the real-time percussion angle; and the ground perforation information detection controller is used for controlling the servo power regulator to start according to the rotation angle to drive the perforator to rotate according to the rotation angle. The problems that in the prior art, oil pipe conveying is matched with manual rotation of a pipe column to adjust the perforating direction of a perforator, adjusting precision is low, operation is complex, time is long, and construction cost is high are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable-transmitted directional perforating in oil and gas wells, and in particular to a cable-transmitted downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device and method. Background Art

[0002] Perforating completion is a crucial step in oil and gas exploration and development. It requires careful consideration not only of casing size, charge density, and charge penetration depth, but also of the gun's phase and orientation to ensure the jet flows in the desired process direction. Controlling perforation direction is directly linked to the production capacity of oil and gas wells. Currently, the mainstream perforating methods utilize four-phase and spiral perforation patterns, resulting in arbitrary jet direction and no way to arbitrarily choreograph and control it. Undirected jetting can cause the trajectory of perforated fractures to misalign with the principal stresses of the formation. Fractures generated by fracturing can then deflect after a certain distance along the perforation, creating complex flow paths near the wellbore and impacting the ultimate oil and gas production after fracturing. Furthermore, undirected perforation can align the perforation direction with faults, leading to connections between the perforation channels and formation faults during fracturing, ultimately resulting in a failed fracturing operation and no oil production. At present, the azimuth-fixed perforating construction carried out in oil fields mainly adopts the oil pipe conveying azimuth-fixed perforating process. The azimuth-fixed perforator gun string is lowered into the well using the oil pipe. After adjusting the depth, the azimuth of the perforating bullet is measured by a gyroscope inclinometer lowered into the oil pipe. The pipe string is rotated to adjust the perforating direction to ensure that the perforating direction meets the design requirements. When adjusting by manually rotating the pipe string, the adjustment angle is not accurate enough and needs to be adjusted repeatedly. The process is complicated and time-consuming, and it is not easy to operate. In addition, the transportation and adjustment of the pipe string will lead to high construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention proposes a cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device and method to solve the problems of low adjustment accuracy, complex and time-consuming operation and high construction cost in the previous method of using oil pipe transportation and manual rotation of the pipe string to adjust the perforating direction of the perforator.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device, comprising: a downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing combined instrument, a surface perforation information detection and control instrument, and a host computer; The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument comprises at least: a servo power regulator for adjusting the firing angle of the perforator, a gyro inclinometer for detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator, and a perforator connected to the servo power regulator and the gyro inclinometer respectively; The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument is connected to the surface perforation information detection and control instrument for collecting the real-time firing angle data and sending it to the host computer; The surface perforation information detection and control instrument is connected to determine the rotation angle required when the real-time firing angle of the perforator is within a predetermined firing angle range according to the real-time firing angle, and transmit the rotation angle to the host computer of the surface perforation information detection and control instrument; The ground perforation information detection controller is used to control the servo power regulator to start and drive the perforator to rotate according to the rotation angle.

[0005] Preferably, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combined instrument further comprises: a magnetic depth locator; The magnetic depth locator is connected to the surface perforation information detection and control instrument. The magnetic depth locator is used to detect the real-time position of the automatic adjustment and positioning combination instrument in the well and send it to the host computer through the surface perforation information detection and control instrument.

[0006] Preferably, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device; The hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device is installed between the gyro inclinometer and the perforator, and is used to prevent the perforator from causing impact on the gyro inclinometer during perforating.

[0007] Preferably, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a perforator support tool; The perforator support tool is installed on the outer side wall of the perforator, and is used to keep the perforator at a middle position in the wellbore.

[0008] Preferably, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a cable torsional stress release tool; The cable torsion stress relief tool is used to relieve stress on the cable.

[0009] Preferably, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a magnetic damping shock absorber; The magnetic damping shock absorber is installed between the perforator and the oil well multi-parameter tester, and is used to prevent the perforator from causing impact on the oil well multi-parameter tester during perforation.

[0010] Preferably, the surface perforation information detection and control instrument comprises: a central processing unit; The central processing unit is respectively connected to the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combined instrument, the host computer and the cable tension signal acquisition module for acquiring the real-time tension of the cable; The central processing unit is connected to the DC power supply through an analog signal encoding and decoding module for collecting various real-time power supply parameter signals of the DC power supply, and is connected to a photoelectric instrument for collecting cable insertion depth signals through a photoelectric depth signal reading module; The central processing unit is used to send the real-time cable tension, real-time power supply parameter signal, penetration depth signal and various data collected during the operation of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to the host computer, and to control the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to start or shut down according to the signal sent by the host computer.

[0011] Preferably, the host computer includes: A data communication module, used for connecting to the ground perforation information detection controller and transmitting data; Test data acquisition module, used to collect data sent by the ground perforation information detection controller; The test parameter separation module is used to separate the various data from all the collected data and input them into the predetermined location; Database, used to store collected data; Data model building module, used to build a three-dimensional model of the pipe string based on the collected data; The multi-dimensional compensation calculation module is used to combine the wellbore depth information, azimuth information, the angle between the instrument and the vertical line of the earth's center of gravity, the geographic coordinate system position, and the instrument coordinate system position to form a three-dimensional projection model diagram of the perforated well section; A graphic display module, used for displaying the established three-dimensional schematic diagram of the pipe string on a display; The archive report file module is used to create reports based on the collected data and store them.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for automatically adjusting and azimuthally positioning perforating in a downhole environment using cable transportation is provided, comprising: Lower the underground automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to the predetermined construction depth position in the well through the cable; Control the activation of the gyro inclinometer to detect the real-time firing angle of the perforating charge on the perforator and transmit it to the ground perforating information detection controller; The ground perforation information detection and control instrument sends a real-time firing angle signal to the host computer, and the host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle is within a predetermined firing angle range. If not, the host computer determines the difference between the predetermined firing angle and the real-time firing angle as a rotation angle, and sends the rotation angle to the ground perforation information detection and control instrument; The ground perforation information detection controller controls the servo power regulator to start, driving the perforator to rotate according to the rotation angle; The ground perforation information detection and control instrument controls the gyro inclinometer to start detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator after rotation and transmits it to the host computer. When the host computer determines that the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirements, it controls the perforator to start perforating through the ground perforation information detection and control instrument.

[0013] Preferably, the method for determining when the real-time firing angle meets a predetermined requirement includes: The host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle of the perforator after rotation is within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the host computer controls the gyro inclinometer again through the ground perforation information detection controller to start detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator, and determines whether the real-time firing angle detected again is within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirements.

[0014] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device and method. By setting up a downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing combined instrument, a ground perforating information detection and control instrument, and a host computer, the orientation measurement and automatic control adjustment of the perforator are realized, ensuring that the jet direction meets the design target requirements and providing favorable conditions for subsequent fracturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification. These drawings illustrate embodiments consistent with the present invention and, together with the specification, are used to explain the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 1 A block diagram showing a device connection of a cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an underground automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a theoretical pipe string according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A wellbore data model and a 3D perforation string hole map according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0017] In the figure, 1-cable connector, 2-stress relief tool, 3-signal transceiver communication short section, 4-magnetic depth locator, 5-servo power regulator, 6-gyro inclinometer, 7-hydraulic buffer shock absorber, 8-perforator, 9-magnetic damping shock absorber, 10-guide tail vertebra, 11-positioning key. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent elements with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.

[0019] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0020] The term "and / or" herein is merely a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument and / or the surface perforation information detection and control instrument can represent three situations: the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument exists alone, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument and the surface perforation information detection and control instrument exist at the same time, and the surface perforation information detection and control instrument exists alone. In addition, the term "at least one" herein represents any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of items. For example, at least one of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument, the surface perforation information detection and control instrument, and C can represent any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument, the surface perforation information detection and control instrument, and C.

[0021] In addition, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed description to better illustrate the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1 A block diagram showing a device connection of a cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an underground automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a theoretical pipe string according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 1 shows a wellbore data model and a 3D perforation string hole diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1-4As shown, a cable-conveyed downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device comprises: a downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing combination instrument, a surface perforating information detection and control instrument, and a host computer. The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing combination instrument comprises at least: a servo power regulator 5 for adjusting the firing angle of the perforator 8, a gyro inclinometer 6 for detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator 8, and a perforator 8 connected to the servo power regulator 5 and the gyro inclinometer 6, respectively. The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing combination instrument is connected to the surface perforating information detection and control instrument for collecting the real-time firing angle data and transmitting it to the host computer. The surface perforating information detection and control instrument is connected to the host computer for determining, based on the real-time firing angle, the required rotation angle when the real-time firing angle of the perforator 8 is within a predetermined firing angle range and transmitting the required rotation angle to the surface perforating information detection and control instrument. The surface perforating information detection and control instrument controls, based on the rotation angle, the servo power regulator 5 to start driving the perforator 8 to rotate according to the rotation angle.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present invention, before perforating, the top of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument is connected to the armored load cable through the cable connector 1, and the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument is lowered into the well through the cable, and stops when it reaches the predetermined position underground.

[0024] The ground perforating information detection controller activates the gyro inclinometer 6. The gyro inclinometer 6 (all-solid-state gyro inclinometer 6 / north-seeking gyro) cooperates with the positioning key 11 connected to the perforator 8 to detect the current attitude angle position of the perforator 8. Combined with the north-seeking function of the gyro inclinometer 6, the orientation of the perforating charge in the perforator 8 within the wellbore, that is, the real-time firing angle of the perforator 8, can be obtained.

[0025] The ground perforation information detection and control device transmits the real-time firing angle of the perforator 8 to the host computer. The host computer determines the angular difference between this real-time firing angle and the predetermined firing angle range of the perforator 8. This angular difference represents the rotation angle required for the firing port of the perforator 8 to rotate from its current position along its axis to a position within the predetermined firing angle range. The host computer transmits this rotation angle to the ground perforation information detection and control device. Upon receiving this rotation angle, the ground perforation information detection and control device activates the servo power regulator 5, driving the perforator 8 to rotate along its axis according to the rotation angle determined by the host computer. Once the rotation is complete, the ground perforation information detection and control device deactivates the servo power regulator 5. The servo power regulator comprises a motor and a spindle. The motor is connected to the perforator via the spindle, which in turn is connected to the ground perforation information detection and control device.

[0026] After the perforator 8 rotates according to the rotation angle, its perforating bullet and launch port face the predetermined perforating direction, that is, the direction corresponding to the predetermined firing angle range; the ground perforating information detection and control instrument controls the perforator 8 to start ignition and perform perforation.

[0027] In the present invention, the downhole automatic adjustment and positioning combination instrument also includes: a magnetic depth locator 4; the magnetic depth locator 4 is connected to the ground perforation information detection and control instrument, and the magnetic depth locator 4 is used to detect the real-time position of the automatic adjustment and positioning combination instrument in the downhole, and send it to the host computer through the ground perforation information detection and control instrument.

[0028] In this embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic depth locator 4 is disposed between the cable connector 1 and the servo power regulator 5. During downhole operation, the surface perforation information detection and control instrument activates the magnetic depth locator 4 to detect the real-time position of the downhole automatic positioning and orientation combination instrument. The surface perforation information detection and control instrument transmits the real-time position detected by the magnetic depth locator 4 to the host computer. When the host computer determines that the real-time position is equal to the predetermined position, it controls the surface cable retraction and deployment instrument to stop lowering the cable.

[0029] In addition to using the magnetic depth locator 4 to determine the depth, a photoelectric instrument is also provided at the wellhead to detect the cable running length, thereby determining the running depth position. The photoelectric instrument is connected to the ground perforation information detection controller.

[0030] In the present invention, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further includes: a hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device 7; the hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device 7 is installed between the gyro inclinometer 6 and the perforator 8, and the hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device 7 is used to prevent the perforator 8 from causing impact on the gyro inclinometer 6 during perforating.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, strong vibrations occur during the perforating process of the perforator 8. If the gyro inclinometer 6 is directly connected to the perforator 8, the impact on the gyro inclinometer 6 during perforating by the perforator 8 may cause damage to the gyro inclinometer 6. Therefore, a hydraulic buffering and shock absorbing device 7 is installed between the gyro inclinometer 6 and the perforator 8 to reduce the impact force on the gyro inclinometer 6 during perforating by the perforator 8, thereby protecting the gyro inclinometer 6 and extending its service life.

[0032] In the present invention, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further includes: a perforator support tool; the perforator support tool is installed on the outer side wall of the perforator 8, and the perforator support tool is used to keep the perforator 8 in the middle position in the wellbore.

[0033] In this embodiment of the present invention, after the downhole automatic positioning and azimuth adjustment instrument is lowered into the well, it is necessary to maintain it in the middle of the wellbore as much as possible, with a certain distance from the wellbore wall. This allows the perforator 8 to remain parallel to the wellbore wall, thereby making the detection and adjustment of the perforator 8 position more accurate. Furthermore, during perforation, the downhole automatic positioning and azimuth adjustment instrument is prevented from being impacted and causing its position within the wellbore to change, thus avoiding the need for frequent adjustments to the firing angle of the perforator 8 during multiple perforations.

[0034] The perforator support tool is mounted on the outer wall of the perforator 8, evenly spaced around its perimeter. The perforator support tool can be an outwardly protruding curved metal sheet, with both ends secured to the perforator 8 and a central portion protruding radially away from the perforator 8 and contacting the wellbore's inner wall. Alternatively, it can be elliptical or blade-shaped, with one curved side connected to the perforator 8 and the other side contacting the wellbore's inner wall. The metal sheet possesses a certain degree of elasticity, allowing it to deform smoothly past obstacles on the wellbore's inner wall during lowering, preventing them from becoming stuck. It also provides support during perforating. The perforator support tool can also be a support leg that initially resides within or abuts the perforator 8. When support is needed, it can be controlled to expand outward, securing the perforator 8 in the casing and preventing axial rotation of the upper tool string.

[0035] In the present invention, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a cable torsional stress release tool 2; the cable torsional stress release tool 2 is used to release stress on the cable.

[0036] In this embodiment of the present invention, one end of the cable torsional stress relief tool 2 is connected to the cable connector 1, and the other end is connected to a transceiver communication sub 3 for signal transmission. The transceiver communication sub 3 is connected to a magnetic depth locator 4. During the lowering of the armored cable into the well, radial torsion may occur, and the cable torque must be effectively released. Improper handling of radial cable rotation can cause serious quality problems, ranging from deformation of the armor layer and damage to the outer sheath to severer cable cores.

[0037] Therefore, a cable torsional stress relief tool 2 is installed between the cable connector 1 and the magnetic depth locator 4 to relieve stress. The cable torsional stress relief tool 2 can be a slip ring, the rotor portion of which is connected to the cable via the cable connector 1, and the stator portion is connected to the signal transceiver communication sub 3. During the downhole process, the internal cables of the structure below the signal transceiver communication sub 3 and the cable connected to the cable connector 1 are rotated through the slip ring, and the cable is not affected by the radial torsional motion of the two parts in different directions.

[0038] In the present invention, the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument also includes: a magnetic damping shock absorber 9; the magnetic damping shock absorber 9 is installed between the perforator 8 and the oil well multi-parameter tester, and the magnetic damping shock absorber 9 is used to prevent the perforator 8 from causing impact to the oil well multi-parameter tester during perforating.

[0039] In this embodiment of the present invention, a guide tail cone 10 is mounted at the bottom of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument. This guide tail cone 10 is connected to an oil well multi-parameter tester. The oil well multi-parameter tester is connected to the perforator 8 via a magnetic damping shock absorber 9. During perforation, the oil well multi-parameter tester is typically lowered simultaneously to measure various downhole parameters. The strong vibrations generated by the perforator 8 during perforation can damage the tester. Therefore, the magnetic damping shock absorber 9 is installed between the perforator 8 and the tester to reduce the impact on the tester during perforation, thus providing protection.

[0040] The various parts of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument, namely the signal transceiver communication short section 3, the magnetic depth locator 4, the servo power regulator 5, the gyro inclinometer 6, the hydraulic buffer shock absorber 7, the perforator 8, the magnetic damping shock absorber 9, the oil well multi-parameter tester and other parts are connected in sequence through the short section structure for easy disassembly and assembly.

[0041] In the present invention, the ground perforation information detection and control instrument includes: a central processing unit; the central processing unit is respectively connected to the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument, the host computer and the cable tension signal acquisition module for collecting the real-time tension of the cable; the central processing unit is connected to the DC power supply through an analog signal encoding and decoding module for collecting various real-time power supply parameter signals of the DC power supply, and is connected to the photoelectric instrument for collecting the cable running depth signal through a photoelectric depth signal reading module; the central processing unit is used to send the real-time cable tension, real-time power supply parameter signal, running depth signal and various data collected during the operation of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to the host computer, and control the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to start or shut down according to the signal sent by the host computer.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present invention, the central processing unit is respectively connected to the servo power regulator 5, the gyro inclinometer 6, the perforator 8 and the oil well multi-parameter tester of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument. The central processing unit is used to control the start or stop of the servo power regulator 5, the gyro inclinometer 6, the perforator 8 and the oil well multi-parameter tester, and is used to receive data collected by the gyro inclinometer 6 and the oil well multi-parameter tester and send it to the host computer.

[0043] The central processing unit is connected to a cable tension signal acquisition module for collecting real-time cable tension through an RS-485 communication line. The cable tension signal acquisition module is connected to a cable tension tester for collecting real-time cable tension. The tension tester transmits the detected cable tension signal to the central processing unit through the cable tension signal acquisition module, and the central processing unit transmits it to the host computer.

[0044] The central processing unit is connected to the DC / DC power supply through the analog signal encoding and decoding module, and the DC power supply is connected to the C / DC ground program-controlled power supply of the downhole automatic adjustment and azimuth combination instrument; the central processing unit collects various real-time power supply parameter signals of the DC power supply through the analog signal encoding and decoding module and transmits them to the host computer, so that the host computer can monitor the operating status of the perforator 8 and the servo power regulator 5, such as startup or shutdown, through changes in the power supply parameter signals.

[0045] The central processing unit is connected to the photoelectric depth signal reading module through the USB communication line of the ground perforation information detection controller. The photoelectric depth signal reading module is connected to the photoelectric instrument used to collect the cable insertion depth signal. At the same time, the photoelectric depth signal reading module is connected to the magnetic depth locator 4. The photoelectric instrument and the magnetic depth locator 4 transmit the detected signal to the central processing unit through the photoelectric depth signal reading module, and the central processing unit transmits it to the host computer.

[0046] The central processing unit (CPU) connects to the cable tension signal acquisition module, the photoelectric depth signal reading module, and the DC power supply via a digital signal encoding and decoding module. The module encodes the received digital data according to the MODEBUS protocol and uses CRC16 for verification. A single-master, multiple-slave broadcast mode is used to interconnect data between the functional modules.

[0047] In the present invention, the host computer includes: a data communication module for connecting to the ground perforation information detection and control instrument and transmitting data; a test data acquisition module for collecting data sent by the ground perforation information detection and control instrument; a test parameter separation module for separating each item of data from all collected data and inputting it into a predetermined position; a database for storing the collected data; a data model establishment module for establishing a three-dimensional model of the tubing string based on the collected data; a multi-dimensional compensation calculation module for combining wellbore depth information, azimuth information, the angle between the instrument and the vertical line of the earth's center of gravity, the geographic coordinate system position, and the instrument coordinate system position to form a three-dimensional projection model diagram of the perforation well section; a graphic display module for displaying the established three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tubing string through a display; and an archive report file module for establishing a report based on the collected data and storing it.

[0048] In this embodiment of the present invention, the surface perforating information detection and control device transmits data such as the perforating charge attitude angle position information (real-time firing angle) of the downhole perforator 8 at the operating depth measured by the gyro inclinometer 6, real-time downhole parameter information before and after perforation measured by the oil well multi-parameter tester, real-time cable tension, real-time power supply parameter signals, running depth signal (casing depth information), and coupling information to the test data acquisition module via a data communication module. The data communication module is also configured to wirelessly transmit the received data to the data interpretation center. The test data acquisition module receives the various data items and transmits them to the test parameter separation module. The test parameter separation module separates the various data items according to geological interpretation requirements and inputs them into the corresponding locations in the host computer system. It also combines the selected parameters to generate a final interpretation report. The data separated or combined by the test parameter separation module is stored in a database for easy subsequent access. The archived report file module generates and stores reports based on the collected data according to a predetermined template for easy subsequent review.

[0049] The data model building module is used to build a three-dimensional model diagram of the downhole string perforation based on the collected data, and display it through the graphic display module. Among them, the data model building module forms a theoretical three-dimensional model diagram of the string based on the collected downhole data. Figure 3 As shown; The multi-dimensional compensation calculation module can combine the wellbore depth information (real-time downhole position) measured by the magnetic depth locator 4, the azimuth information (including the well inclination, azimuth, and high side angle of the perforator 8), the angle between the instrument (perforator 8) and the vertical line of the earth's center of gravity, the geographic coordinate system position and the instrument coordinate system position, the attitude angle of the perforating gun measured by the gyro inclinometer 6, the ambient pressure and temperature at the location of the tester, and the depth of the wellbore, etc., to form a three-dimensional projection model diagram of the perforating well section, such as Figure 4 The wellbore data model with 360° equally divided scale shown in Figure a, Figure 4 The 3D perforating string hole diagram is shown in Figure b in the figure; then, according to the target perforating position (predetermined firing angle), the torque of the motor (servo power regulator 5) is adjusted using PWM control to achieve precise position control, and the high side of the perforating gun tool (perforator 8) is adjusted to the designed position (predetermined firing angle) to implement accurate perforation.

[0050] In the present invention, a cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation perforating method is provided, comprising: lowering an downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to a predetermined construction depth position in the well via a cable; controlling the gyro inclinometer 6 to start, detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforating charge on the perforator 8, and transmitting the detected signal to a surface perforating information detection and control instrument; the surface perforating information detection and control instrument sends a real-time firing angle signal to a host computer, which determines whether the real-time firing angle is within a predetermined firing angle range; if not, the host computer determines the difference between the predetermined firing angle and the real-time firing angle as a rotation angle, and sends the rotation angle to the surface perforating information detection and control instrument; the surface perforating information detection and control instrument controls the servo power regulator 5 to start, driving the perforator 8 to rotate according to the rotation angle; the host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle after rotation meets the predetermined requirement; if so, the surface perforating information detection and control instrument controls the perforator 8 to start and perform perforating.

[0051] In the present invention, the method for determining whether the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirements includes: the upper computer controls the gyro inclinometer 6 through the ground perforation information detection controller to start detecting the current real-time firing angle of the perforator 8 twice in succession, and determines whether the real-time firing angles detected twice in succession are both within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirements.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, before perforating, the top end of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument is connected to the armored load cable through the cable connector 1, and the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument is lowered into the well through the cable; the surface perforation information detection and control instrument controls the magnetic depth locator 4 to start detecting the real-time position of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument in the well, and sends it to the host computer. When the host computer determines that the real-time position is equal to the predetermined position, it controls to stop lowering the cable.

[0053] The ground perforation information detection and control instrument controls the gyro inclinometer 6 to start, detects the current real-time firing angle of the perforator 8, and sends it to the host computer. The host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle is within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the ground perforation information detection and control instrument controls the gyro inclinometer 6 to start again, detects the current real-time firing angle of the perforator 8, and sends it to the host computer. The host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle is within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the host computer sends a perforation signal to the ground perforation information detection and control instrument. After receiving the perforation signal, the ground perforation information detection and control instrument controls the perforator 8 to start perforating.

[0054] If not, the host computer determines the rotation angle required when the firing port of the perforator 8 rotates from the current position to the predetermined firing angle position based on the real-time firing angle, and sends the rotation angle to the ground perforation information detection and control instrument. The ground perforation information detection and control instrument controls the servo power regulator 5 to start driving the perforator 8 to rotate along the axis by the rotation angle; after the rotation is completed, the ground perforation information detection and control instrument controls the gyro inclinometer 6 to start detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator 8 after rotation, and transmits the detection to the host computer. The host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle of the perforator 8 after rotation is within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the host computer controls the gyro inclinometer 6 again through the ground perforation information detection and control instrument to start detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator 8, and determines whether the re-detected real-time firing angle is within the predetermined firing angle range. If still yes, the host computer controls the perforator 8 through the ground perforation information detection and control instrument to start perforating.

[0055] The determination of whether the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirement is as follows: the gyro inclinometer 6 is controlled to start detecting the current real-time firing angle of the perforator 8 twice in succession, and the perforating operation is controlled only when the real-time firing angles detected twice in succession are both within the predetermined firing angle range, thereby preventing erroneous perforation caused by detection errors.

[0056] It can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments mentioned in the present invention can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle logic. Due to space limitations, the present invention will not elaborate on them.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will understand that in the above-mentioned method of the specific implementation method, the writing order of each step does not mean a strict execution order and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process. The specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic.

[0058] The present invention combines the characteristics of the cable-conveyed perforating process with the requirements of the azimuth-fixed perforating process, addresses the technical difficulties of azimuth measurement and adjustment, and provides a cable-conveyed downhole automatic adjustment azimuth-fixed perforating device and method. Under the soft cable conveying mode, the azimuth measurement and automatic control and adjustment of the perforator 8 are achieved, ensuring that the jet direction meets the design target requirements and providing favorable conditions for subsequent fracturing. Compared with the crude oil pipe-conveyed azimuth-fixed perforating process, it can significantly improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. The present invention also realizes the real-time collection and upload of specific information of the downhole perforating tool string, and automatically tests and controls and adjusts it through the host computer, so that the perforating bullet can be fired according to the pre-designed construction process angle; it realizes intelligent, high-precision and effective control of the jet direction, and is a reliable completion tool for improving the productivity of oil and gas wells.

[0059] The present invention can realize intelligent, high-precision and effective control of the jet direction in a cable-transported manner. Compared with the azimuth-fixed perforating process transported by crude oil pipe, the construction efficiency can be improved by 30-50%, the construction cost can be reduced by 10-4%, and the azimuth-fixed adjustment accuracy of the perforator 8 is improved from the original 1-10° to 0-3°.

[0060] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are intended to be illustrative, non-exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical applications, or technological improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation perforating device, characterized in that: include: Downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument, surface perforation information detection and control instrument and host computer; The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument comprises at least: a servo power regulator (5) for adjusting the firing angle of the perforator (8), a gyro inclinometer (6) for detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator (8), and a perforator (8) connected to the servo power regulator (5) and the gyro inclinometer (6) respectively; The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument is connected to the surface perforation information detection and control instrument for collecting the real-time firing angle data and sending it to the host computer; The ground perforation information detection and control instrument is connected to determine the required rotation angle when the real-time firing angle of the perforator (8) is within the predetermined firing angle range according to the real-time firing angle, and sends it to the host computer of the ground perforation information detection and control instrument; The ground perforation information detection controller is used to control the servo power regulator (5) to start and drive the perforator (8) to rotate according to the rotation angle.

2. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combined instrument further comprises: a magnetic depth locator (4); The magnetic depth locator (4) is connected to the surface perforation information detection controller. The magnetic depth locator (4) is used to detect the real-time position of the automatic adjustment and positioning combination instrument in the well, and send it to the host computer through the surface perforation information detection controller.

3. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device (7); The hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device (7) is installed between the gyro inclinometer (6) and the perforator (8), and the hydraulic buffer shock absorbing device (7) is used to prevent the perforator (8) from causing impact on the gyro inclinometer (6) during perforation.

4. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a perforator support tool; The perforator support tool is mounted on the outer side wall of the perforator (8), and the perforator support tool is used to keep the perforator (8) at a middle position in the wellbore.

5. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a cable torsional stress release tool (2); The cable torsional stress relief tool (2) is used to relieve stress on the cable.

6. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument further comprises: a magnetic damping shock absorber (9); The magnetic damping shock absorber (9) is installed between the perforator (8) and the oil well multi-parameter tester, and the magnetic damping shock absorber (9) is used to prevent the perforator (8) from causing impact on the oil well multi-parameter tester during perforation.

7. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground perforation information detection and control instrument includes: a central processing unit; The central processing unit is respectively connected to the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combined instrument, the host computer and the cable tension signal acquisition module for acquiring the real-time tension of the cable; The central processing unit is connected to the DC power supply through an analog signal encoding and decoding module for collecting various real-time power supply parameter signals of the DC power supply, and is connected to a photoelectric instrument for collecting cable insertion depth signals through a photoelectric depth signal reading module; The central processing unit is used to send the real-time cable tension, real-time power supply parameter signal, penetration depth signal and various data collected during the operation of the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to the host computer, and to control the downhole automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to start or shut down according to the signal sent by the host computer.

8. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixing perforating device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The host computer includes: A data communication module, used for connecting with the ground perforation information detection controller and transmitting data; Test data acquisition module, used to collect data sent by the ground perforation information detection controller; The test parameter separation module is used to separate the various data from all collected data and input them into a predetermined location; Database, used to store collected data; Data model building module, used to build a three-dimensional model of the pipe string based on the collected data; The multi-dimensional compensation calculation module is used to combine the wellbore depth information, azimuth information, the angle between the instrument and the vertical line of the earth's center of gravity, the geographic coordinate system position, and the instrument coordinate system position to form a three-dimensional projection model diagram of the perforated well section; A graphic display module, used for displaying the established three-dimensional schematic diagram of the pipe string on a display; The archive report file module is used to create reports based on the collected data and store them.

9. A cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation perforating method, characterized in that: include: Lower the underground automatic adjustment and orientation combination instrument to the predetermined construction depth position in the well through the cable; Controlling the gyro inclinometer (6) to start, detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforating bullet on the perforator (8), and transmitting the real-time firing angle to the ground perforating information detection controller; The ground perforation information detection and control instrument sends a real-time firing angle signal to the host computer, and the host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle is within a predetermined firing angle range. If not, the host computer determines the difference between the predetermined firing angle and the real-time firing angle as a rotation angle, and sends the rotation angle to the ground perforation information detection and control instrument; The ground perforation information detection controller controls the servo power regulator (5) to start, driving the perforator (8) to rotate according to the rotation angle; The ground perforation information detection and control instrument controls the gyro inclinometer (6) to start detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator (8) after rotation and transmits the detection to the host computer. When the host computer determines that the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirement, the host computer controls the perforator (8) to start perforating through the ground perforation information detection and control instrument.

10. The cable-transported downhole automatic adjustment and orientation-fixed perforating method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for determining when the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirement includes: The host computer determines whether the real-time firing angle of the perforator (8) after rotation is within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the host computer controls the gyro inclinometer (6) again through the ground perforation information detection controller to start detecting the real-time firing angle of the perforator (8), and determines whether the real-time firing angle detected again is within the predetermined firing angle range. If so, the real-time firing angle meets the predetermined requirement.

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