Horizontal multistage high-pressure water turbine type centrifugal pump

Abstract

This invention discloses a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump, relating to the field of centrifugal pump technology. It includes a turbine pump body comprising a pump casing with an inner cavity. A spiral guide assembly is installed on the side wall of the pump casing near the water guiding mechanism. The spiral guide assembly includes a guide half-shell, spiral guide vanes, and a guide component. The spiral guide vanes divide the inner cavity of the guide half-shell into a spiral cavity. The pump casing has multiple water guiding grooves. By setting the spiral guide assembly on the side wall of the pump casing, the disordered water flow reflected to the inner wall of the pump casing after impacting the impeller rotor is collected by the guide bucket of the guide assembly and guided into the spiral cavity. The accelerated spiral flow formed by the spiral guide vanes enhances the fluid kinetic energy, and then the water flow is directed to impact the bottom of the impeller rotor via the bottom guide assembly. This effectively solves the problem of circumferential torque fluctuation caused by reflected water flow. The wall adhesion effect of the spiral cavity reduces secondary reflection, while simultaneously converting the kinetic energy of the reflected water flow into the driving force of the secondary impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of centrifugal pump technology, and in particular to a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump. Background Technology

[0002] A water turbine pump is a high-efficiency hydraulic machine that organically combines a water turbine and a water pump. Chinese patent application CN202867248U discloses a three-stage water turbine pump, including a pump body and a pump shaft rotatably mounted within the pump body. The pump body includes a pump chamber and a water turbine chamber, with the pump chamber located above the water turbine chamber. The pump shaft is divided into a first section located within the pump chamber and a second section located within the water turbine chamber. Three impellers are installed coaxially and in the same direction. The uppermost part of the pump body is the inlet. Water flows out of the outlet of the first-stage impeller and enters the inlet of the second-stage impeller through a flow channel guide vane, then enters the third-stage impeller in the same manner. The outlet water flow is collected by the pump casing and then output. This structure results in a wide head for the water ultimately passing through the first outlet. The overall structure is compact, easy to operate, reduces water flow loss, improves utilization efficiency, and has a wide range of applications.

[0003] In traditional water turbine pumps, after the water flow impacts the guide vanes of the impeller rotor, some of the fluid is reflected due to differences in impact angle or flow velocity, sliding disorderly down the inner wall of the pump casing or being reflected a second time to the impeller rotor. This reflected water flow not only cannot participate in the drive, but the secondary reflected water flow also creates a reverse impact on the impeller rotor, resulting in circumferential torque fluctuations and reducing the driving efficiency of the impeller rotor.

[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump, comprising:

[0007] The water turbine pump body includes a pump casing with an inner cavity and a water guiding mechanism disposed on the pump casing. The water turbine pump body also includes a pump shaft arranged laterally in the pump casing and an impeller rotor integrally connected to the pump shaft. The impeller rotor includes a hub and multiple guide vanes arranged circumferentially on the hub. A tailpipe is provided at the bottom of the pump casing. The vertically downward water flow impacts the guide vanes to drive the pump shaft to rotate. The water flow impacts the impeller rotor to form a reflected water flow and a downward interception flow.

[0008] A spiral guide assembly is disposed on the side wall of the pump casing near the water guiding mechanism. It includes a guide half-shell with a cavity, spiral guide vanes arranged in the inner cavity of the guide half-shell, and multiple sets of linearly arranged guide assemblies disposed on the inner wall of the pump casing. The guide half-shell is installed on the rear side wall of the pump casing, and its inner cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the pump casing. The spiral guide vanes divide the inner cavity of the guide half-shell to form a spiral cavity. The pump casing has multiple longitudinally arranged water guide grooves at the location of the guide assembly. The reflected water flow and the downward intercepted flow are reflected into the spiral cavity through the water guide grooves and form an accelerated spiral flow, which is ejected from the bottom water guide groove to form a jet. The jet directionally impacts the impeller rotor to form an auxiliary flow.

[0009] One end of the pump shaft, which passes through the pump casing, is connected to a multi-stage centrifugal pump body. The multi-stage centrifugal pump body includes a cylindrical body with an inner cavity, a main shaft mounted on the cylindrical body, and multiple inner pump housings arranged along the axis of the main shaft. The main shaft is equipped with multiple rotating wheels in each inner pump housing. Each inner pump housing is equipped with guide vanes, which are arranged around the rotating wheels 230. The surface of the cylindrical body is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The main shaft passes through the cylindrical body and is connected to the pump shaft. The pump shaft drives the main shaft to rotate, thereby causing the multiple rotating wheels and guide vanes to squeeze and guide the fluid.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, the flow guiding component located at the bottom is configured as an impact bucket, and the other multiple sets of flow guiding components are configured as flow guiding buckets. The flow guiding bucket includes an inclined flow guiding plate arranged on the inner wall of the pump casing, trapezoidal side covers arranged on both sides of the inclined flow guiding plate, and a transition arc pad block arranged at the connection between the inclined flow guiding plate and the trapezoidal side covers. The inclined flow guiding plate in the flow guiding bucket is designed to gradually expand from one end of the water guiding channel to the free end to form a fan-shaped water collection area.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, wherein: the guide bucket is connected to the spiral cavity through the guide channel, the guide channel corresponding to the guide bucket is configured as the inlet channel, the outlet of the inlet channel has an inverted trapezoidal constriction structure and the width decreases from top to bottom, the guide channel corresponding to the impact bucket is configured as the outlet channel, and the outlet of the outlet channel is rectangular.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, the impact bucket includes a downward-facing guide surface mounted on the inner wall of the pump casing, triangular covers disposed on both sides of the downward-facing guide surface, and a triangular transition plate disposed at the connection between the downward-facing guide surface and the triangular covers. The downward-facing guide surface of the impact bucket is designed to gradually narrow from one end of the water guide channel to the free end, forming a gradually narrowing guide channel with the downward-facing guide surface. The axis of the gradually narrowing guide channel is directly opposite to the center of the guide vane at the bottom end.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, an arc-shaped spiral gasket is provided at the bottom end of the guide half shell, which is combined with the spiral guide plate inside the guide half shell to form a gradually changing guide surface facing the outlet tank.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, the hub adopts a disc structure with a peripheral thickness greater than the central thickness. Symmetrically distributed annular guide lips are arranged on both sides of the hub. Multiple guide grooves are formed on the surface of the annular guide lips, creating channels for water droplets at the center of the hub to move towards the hub edge. The annular guide lips are arranged in a side-standing trumpet-shaped structure. Multiple radial guide grooves are formed on the surface of the hub, arranged between the guide vanes and the annular guide lips. The depth and width of the radial guide grooves decrease gradually from the guide vanes towards the annular guide lips.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, wherein: the opening of the radial guide channel at the end away from the center of the hub is larger than the width of the guide vanes, the two sides of the radial guide channel are flared, and a plurality of circumferentially distributed angled guide plates are arranged between the hub and the guide vanes, the angled guide plates are adjacent to the radial guide channel, and the guide area formed by the guide vanes, the angled guide plates and the hub is connected to the inner end of the radial guide channel.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, the hub is provided with multiple sets of circumferentially distributed guide plates at the radial guide groove, each set of the guide plates includes multiple obliquely arranged guide arc plates, and the multiple sets of guide arc plates are arranged in a circumferentially staggered arrangement.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump of the present invention, the pump casing includes a symmetrically arranged casing body with an upper opening and a side opening, an upper sealing plate for sealing the upper opening of the casing body, and a side sealing plate for sealing the side opening of the casing body. The water guiding mechanism is vertically mounted on the upper sealing plate so that the fluid enters the pump casing vertically. The casing body, the upper sealing plate, and the side sealing plate are integrally connected. The tailwater pipe is opened at the bottom end of the side sealing plate.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting a spiral guide assembly on the side wall of the pump casing, the disordered water flow reflected to the inner wall of the pump casing after impacting the impeller rotor is collected by the guide bucket of the guide assembly and guided into the spiral cavity. The accelerated spiral flow formed by the spiral guide vanes enhances the fluid kinetic energy, and then the fluid flow is directed to impact the bottom of the impeller rotor through the bottom guide assembly. This effectively solves the problem of circumferential torque fluctuation caused by the reflected water flow. The wall adhesion effect of the spiral cavity reduces secondary reflection, and at the same time, the kinetic energy of the reflected water flow is converted into the driving force of the secondary impact, thereby increasing the circumferential rotational torque of the impeller rotor, improving the driving efficiency of the water turbine pump body, and reducing the reverse impact interference of the water flow on the impeller rotor. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A plan sectional view of the overall structure of a horizontal multistage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump;

[0021] Figure 2 An isometric sectional view of the overall structure of a horizontal multistage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the impeller rotor in this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is an isometric view of the overall structure of the impeller rotor in this invention;

[0024] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of the A-section structure;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a front view of the overall structure of the water turbine pump body in this invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a rear view of the overall structure of the water turbine pump body in this invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pump casing cavity in this invention;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral flow guide component in this invention;

[0029] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of the structure of section B;

[0030] Figure 11 This is an isometric view of the overall structure of the spiral flow guide assembly in this invention;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a structural plan view of the wheel hub in this invention;

[0032] Figure 13 This is an axonometric view of the hub structure in this invention.

[0033] Reference numerals: 100, water turbine pump body; 110, pump casing; 112, inlet channel; 113, outlet channel; 114, casing body; 115, upper sealing plate; 116, side sealing plate; 117, tailrace pipe; 120, water guiding mechanism; 130, pump shaft; 140, impeller rotor; 141, hub; 142, guide vane; 143, annular guide lip; 1431, guide groove; 144, radial guide groove; 145, guide arc plate; 146, angled guide plate; 200, multi-stage centrifugal pump body; 2 10. Cylinder; 211. Inlet; 212. Outlet; 220. Main shaft; 230. Rotating wheel; 240. Guide vane; 250. Radial bearing; 260. Sealing ring; 270. Inner pump housing; 310. Guide half-shell; 320. Spiral guide vane; 330. Guide bucket; 331. Inclined guide plate; 332. Trapezoidal side cover; 333. Transition arc pad; 340. Impact bucket; 341. Downward-turning guide surface; 342. Triangular cover; 343. Triangular transition plate; 350. Arc-shaped spiral pad. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-13 As shown, this embodiment provides a horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump, including:

[0038] The water turbine pump body 100 includes a pump casing 110 with an inner cavity and a water guiding mechanism 120 disposed on the pump casing 110. The water flow impacts the impeller rotor 140 to form a reflected water flow and a downstream interception. The water turbine pump body 100 also includes a pump shaft 130 arranged laterally in the pump casing 110 and an impeller rotor 140 integrally connected to the pump shaft 130. The impeller rotor 140 includes a hub 141 and a plurality of guide vanes 142 arranged circumferentially on the hub 141. The vertically downward water flow impacts the guide vanes 142 to drive the pump shaft 130 to rotate. The water flow impacts the impeller rotor 140 to form a reflected water flow and a downstream interception.

[0039] The pump shaft 130 passes through one end of the pump casing 110 and is connected to a multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200. The multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200 includes a cylinder 210 with an inner cavity, a main shaft 220 arranged along the axis of the cylinder 210, a plurality of rotating wheels 230 arranged on the main shaft 220, and a plurality of guide vanes 240 arranged along the axis of the cylinder 210. The surface of the cylinder 210 is provided with an intake port 211 and an outlet port 212. The main shaft 220 passes through the cylinder 210 and is connected to the pump shaft 130. The pump shaft 130 drives the main shaft 220 to rotate so as to drive the plurality of rotating wheels 230 in the multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200 to do work on the fluid in sequence. The fluid drawn in through the intake port 211 of the cylinder 210 gains kinetic energy under the action of the rotating wheels 230, and then the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy through the guide vanes 240. Finally, the high-pressure fluid is discharged through the outlet port 212.

[0040] A spiral guide assembly is disposed on the side wall of the pump casing 110 near the water guiding mechanism 120. It includes a guide half-shell 310 with a cavity, spiral guide vanes 320 arranged in the inner cavity of the guide half-shell 310, and multiple sets of linearly arranged guide assemblies disposed on the inner wall of the pump casing 110. The guide half-shell 310 is installed on the rear side wall of the pump casing 110, and its inner cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the pump casing 110. The spiral guide vanes 320 divide the inner cavity of the guide half-shell 310 to form a spiral cavity. The pump casing 110 has multiple longitudinally arranged water guiding grooves at the guide assembly. The reflected water flow and the downward intercepted flow are reflected into the spiral cavity through the water guiding grooves and form an accelerated spiral flow, which is ejected from the bottom water guiding groove to form a jet. The jet directionally impacts the impeller rotor 140 to form an auxiliary flow.

[0041] In a traditional water turbine pump body 100, the impeller rotor 140 is impacted by the water flow, which generates a circumferential rotational torque so that the pump shaft 130 and the impeller rotor 140 rotate synchronously. However, part of the water flow impacting the impeller rotor 140 is reflected to the inner wall of the pump casing 110 to form a reflected water flow. Part of the reflected water flow slides down the inner wall of the pump casing 110, and the remaining part of the reflected water flow is reflected a second time to the impeller rotor 140, which impacts the impeller rotor 140 and interferes with its stable rotation.

[0042] The spiral guide component designed in this application carries and collects the reflected water flow. After the reflected water flow is accelerated through the spiral cavity, it forms an accelerated spiral flow, which impacts the bottom of the impeller rotor 140, thereby strengthening the circumferential rotational torque of the impeller rotor 140. Secondly, the spiral cavity formed by the spiral guide vane 320 utilizes the fluid adhesion effect to make the water flow smoothly accelerate along the curved surface, reducing the secondary reflection of the water flow. While collecting the water flow, it avoids the secondary reflection of the water flow from reducing the driving efficiency of the impeller rotor 140.

[0043] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the flow guiding component at the bottom is configured as an impact bucket 340, and the other multiple flow guiding components are configured as flow guiding buckets 330. The flow guiding bucket 330 includes an inclined flow guiding plate 331 arranged on the inner wall of the pump casing 110, trapezoidal side covers 332 arranged on both sides of the inclined flow guiding plate 331, and a transition arc pad 333 arranged at the connection between the inclined flow guiding plate 331 and the trapezoidal side covers 332. The inclined flow guiding plate 331 of the flow guiding bucket 330 is designed to gradually expand from one end of the water guiding channel to the free end to form a fan-shaped water collection area.

[0044] In one embodiment, trapezoidal side covers 332 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of inclined guide plates 331. The inclined guide plates 331 form a certain angle with the inner wall of the pump casing 110, and the extension lines of the inclined guide plates 331 intersect at the axis of the spiral cavity, so that the water flow introduced by the inclined guide plates 331 enters the spiral cavity. The transition arc pad 333 is used to smoothly connect the inclined guide plates 331 and the trapezoidal side covers 332 to form a flow channel of equal width to suppress boundary layer separation. The guide bucket 330 accurately guides the reflected water flow into the spiral cavity through the three-sided enclosure structure formed by the trapezoidal side covers 332, the inclined guide plates 331 and the transition arc pad 333, so as to realize the recycling of water flow.

[0045] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the guide bucket 330 is connected to the spiral cavity through the guide channel. The guide channel corresponding to the guide bucket 330 is configured as the inlet channel 112. The outlet of the inlet channel 112 has an inverted trapezoidal constriction structure, and the width decreases from top to bottom, so that the water can only flow into the spiral cavity in one direction. The pressure difference is formed by the gradually narrowing flow area to suppress reverse flow. The bottom surface of the inlet channel 112 forms an upward angle with the horizontal plane, so that the water flows into the spiral cavity spirally downward under the combined force of gravity and centrifugal force, avoiding the water from being discharged through the inlet channel 112. The guide channel corresponding to the impact bucket 340 is configured as the outlet channel 113. The outlet of the outlet channel 113 is rectangular.

[0046] Reference Figure 10As shown, the impact bucket 340 includes a downward-facing guide surface 341 mounted on the inner wall of the pump casing 110, triangular covers 342 disposed on both sides of the downward-facing guide surface 341, and a triangular transition plate 343 disposed at the connection between the downward-facing guide surface 341 and the triangular covers 342. The downward-facing guide surface 341 of the impact bucket 340 is designed to gradually narrow from one end of the water guide channel to the free end, forming a gradually narrowing guide channel with the downward-facing guide surface 341. The axis of the gradually narrowing guide channel is directly opposite to the center of the guide vane 142 at the bottom end. During operation, the water flow continuously accelerates in the spiral cavity and is constrained and guided by the triangular covers 342 and the triangular transition plate 343, impacting the guide vane 142 of the impeller rotor 140 at a high speed at a specific angle to enhance the circumferential rotational torque of the impeller rotor 140.

[0047] Reference Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, an arc-shaped spiral gasket 350 is provided at the bottom of the flow guide half shell 310. It is combined with the spiral guide plate 320 inside the flow guide half shell 310 to form a gradually changing guide surface facing the water outlet trough 113. During operation, the arc-shaped spiral gasket 350 guides the accelerated water flow in the spiral cavity into the water outlet trough 113 by constraining the radial and axial velocity components of the water flow. At the same time, it guides the water flow by using the curved surface to avoid the water flow impacting the inner wall of the flow guide half shell 310 and causing kinetic energy loss.

[0048] The hub 141 adopts a disc structure with a periphery thickness greater than the center thickness. Symmetrically distributed annular guide lips 143 are arranged on both sides of the hub 141. Multiple guide grooves 1431 are formed on the surface of the annular guide lips 143, which create channels for water droplets in the center of the hub 141 to move towards the edge of the hub 141. The annular guide lips 143 are arranged in a side-standing trumpet-shaped structure. Multiple radial guide grooves 144 are formed on the surface of the hub 141. The radial guide grooves 144 are arranged between the guide vanes 142 and the annular guide lips 143. The depth gradient and width gradient of the radial guide grooves 144 decrease from the guide vanes 142 to the annular guide lips 143.

[0049] In one embodiment, when a portion of the water flow splashes onto the surface of the hub 141 due to impact with the guide vanes 142 or turbulence, forming a downward interception, the downward interception splashed into the central area of ​​the hub 141 moves towards the periphery under centrifugal force. It first contacts the funnel-shaped curved surface of the annular guide lip 143, which has a funnel-shaped guiding structure. As the downward interception rises along the curved surface, it is thrown out along the edge, impacting the side wall of the pump casing 110 at a certain angle, undergoing multiple reflections, and finally falling along the inner wall of the pump casing 110. Part of the downward interception moves towards the periphery of the hub 141 through the guide groove 1431.

[0050] The radial guide channel 144 has an opening at one end away from the center of the hub 141 that is wider than the width of the guide vane 142. The radial guide channel 144 has flared openings on both sides, and multiple circumferentially distributed angled guide plates 146 are arranged between the hub 141 and the guide vane 142. The angled guide plates 146 are adjacent to the radial guide channel 144. The guide area formed by the guide vane 142, the angled guide plates 146 and the hub 141 is connected to the inner end of the radial guide channel 144.

[0051] In one embodiment, the radial guide channel 144 has a double curvature composite curve on both sides to ensure that the radial guide channel 144 has a large inlet section and a small outlet section. The downward flow from the hub 141 to the guide vane 142 is guided into the radial guide channel 144. During the rotation of the hub 141, the downward flow is guided along the radial guide channel 144 to the outlet end of the radial guide channel 144. The outlet section is relatively narrow and shallow. The downward flow is thrown out of the hub 141 in a radial pattern. The thrown downward flow flows to the inclined guide plate 331 and is received by the inclined guide plate 331. It is then guided into the spiral cavity through the inclined guide plate 331 of the guide bucket 330, thereby realizing the reuse of fluid.

[0052] For example, a portion of the flow enters the guide zone and moves towards the periphery of the hub 141 under the action of centrifugal motion. During this process, the flow is first corrected and its position changed by the included angle guide plate 146.

[0053] Multiple sets of guide buckets 330 are arranged longitudinally along the inner wall of the pump casing 110. The angle of the inclined guide plate 331 of each set of guide buckets 330 is different, so as to cover the reflection angle range of water flow at different flow rates and directions. Part of the water hits the guide blade 142 and is reflected, and part of the water is thrown out by the guide blade 142, so as to receive fluids of different directions or speeds.

[0054] like Figures 8-9 As shown, the hub 141 has multiple sets of circumferentially distributed guide plates arranged on the surface of the radial guide channel 144. Each set of guide plates includes multiple obliquely arranged guide arc plates 145. The multiple sets of guide arc plates 145 are arranged in a circumferentially staggered manner to form a step-by-step guide structure. The curvature of the guide arc plates 145 is set according to the actual water flow direction to ensure a smooth transition of the water flow. When the downward interception with the auxiliary positive change angle is guided to the first guide arc plate 145 under centrifugal motion, the fluid accelerates and slides along the water-facing surface of the guide arc plate 145. The circumferentially staggered arrangement of adjacent guide arc plates 145 allows the previous arc plate to guide the fluid to the water-facing surface of the next arc plate, gradually adjusting the fluid direction to be consistent with the inlet axis of the guide area, and finally being tangentially guided into the periphery of the hub 141 and thrown out at a certain angle.

[0055] The angled guide plate 146 and the guide arc plate 145 serve not only to guide the movement of the fluid but also to slow down the fluid's velocity, thereby achieving dynamic control of the fluid's kinetic energy and enhancing torque. When the downward flow impacts the plate surface under centrifugal force, the angled guide plate 146 changes the direction of the downward flow and generates a stagnation effect. At the same time, the curved surface of the guide arc plate 145 and the angled guide plate 146 form a gradient deceleration channel. When the hub 141 rotates, the guided and decelerated downward flow is temporarily stored in the stagnation space formed by the guide area and the guide arc plate 145. As the hub 141 rotates to a specific phase, the downward flow, under the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity, is thrown out at a precise speed and angle to enhance the circumferential torque of the impeller rotor 140. Simultaneously, the decelerated downstream interceptor forms a stable rotating water ring before being thrown out. Through the continuous action of centrifugal force, it further accumulates potential energy. When the rotating water ring reaches the critical pressure, it is released in a directional manner, producing a pulse-like impact effect. The rectified fluid enters the spiral cavity through the guide bucket 330 to achieve the reuse of the downstream interceptor.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, the pump casing 110 includes a symmetrically arranged casing body 114 with an upper opening and a side opening, an upper sealing plate 115 for sealing the upper opening of the casing body 114, and a side sealing plate 116 for sealing the side opening of the casing body 114. A water guiding mechanism 120 is vertically mounted on the upper sealing plate 115 so that the fluid enters the pump casing 110 vertically. The bottom end of the side sealing plate 116 is provided with a tailwater pipe 117 for draining the water flow. The water guiding mechanism 120 is used to guide the fluid into the pump casing 110 in a specific direction and angle, and then tangentially impact the impeller rotor 140.

[0057] The shell body 114, the upper sealing plate 115 and the side sealing plate 116 are integrally connected, and the tailwater pipe 117 is opened at the bottom end of the side sealing plate 116.

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the cylinder 210 includes multiple interconnected inner pump housings 270. Each set of inner pump housings 270 is equipped with a rotating wheel 230 and a guide vane 240. Radial bearings 250 are provided inside the main shaft 220 and the cylinder 210 to support the main shaft 220. Sealing rings 260 are provided at the points where the main shaft 220 penetrates the cylinder 210 and the inner pump housings 270 to prevent water leakage at these points.

[0059] Specifically, a set of inner pump housing 270, rotating wheel 230, guide vane 240 and main shaft 220 constitute the first-stage booster unit of the centrifugal pump. The number of inner pump housing 270, rotating wheel 230 and guide vane 240 are corresponding. The inner pump housing 270 is cylindrical and its inner cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the adjacent inner pump housing 270 to form a flow channel for fluid movement. The rotating wheel 230 is installed on the main shaft 220 and is completely housed in the inner pump housing 270. The guide vane 240 is fixed to the inner wall of the inner pump housing 270 and arranged around the rotating wheel 230. When fluid enters the first-stage booster unit from the inlet 211, the high-speed rotating pump shaft 130 drives the main shaft 220 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating wheel 230 to do work on the fluid, causing the fluid to generate kinetic energy to move radially along the main shaft 220. Subsequently, the fluid enters the flow channel of the guide vane 240 and is guided by the guide vane 240 to the inlet of the rotating wheel 230 of the next-stage inner pump casing 270. Following the above fluid movement path, the fluid enters several subsequent booster units in sequence, so that the fluid is transported with a long head to the outlet 212 for discharge.

[0060] Working principle: When the horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump is working, the water flow first enters the pump casing 110 of the water turbine pump body 100 vertically through the water guide mechanism 120. The water guide mechanism 120 is located directly above the center of a horizontal guide blade 142 near the spiral guide assembly of the impeller rotor 140. When the water guide mechanism 120 impacts the impeller rotor 140 vertically or tangentially, the guide blade 142 is configured with a double-scoop structure. The front of the guide blade 142 facing the water flow impact direction is a concave water guide curved surface, and the back of the guide blade 142 facing away from the rotation direction is a convex water scooping curved surface. The entire blade extends three-dimensionally from the hub 141 to the edge, forming a double-scoop streamlined structure that is narrow at both ends and wide in the middle.

[0061] When the water flow tangentially impacts the guide vane 142, most of the fluid flows along the concave curved surface and then accumulates on the concave curved surface of the guide vane 142. The impact force of the water and gravity generate a rotational torque that drives the impeller rotor 140 to rotate circumferentially along the pump shaft 130. The pump shaft 130 rotates passively, and synchronously, the pump shaft 130 drives the main shaft 220 to rotate, which in turn drives multiple rotating wheels 230 in the multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200 to rotate synchronously. In the multi-stage centrifugal pump body 200, the fluid is drawn in from the inlet 211 of the cylinder 210 and first enters the first-stage booster unit. The rotating wheels 230 in the first-stage booster unit rotate at high speed to throw the fluid to the outer edge of the rotating wheels 230 through centrifugal force, so that the fluid gains radial and circumferential velocity. Then, under the constraint of the guide vane 240, the fluid is constrained and squeezed and adjusted before being guided into the next-stage booster unit.

[0062] Subsequently, the fluid enters each stage of the pressurization unit in turn. The rotating wheel 230 and guide vane 240 of each pressurization unit repeatedly do work on the fluid so that the pressure of the fluid is continuously increased along the axial direction and finally discharged from the outlet 212 of the cylinder 210 in a high-pressure state.

[0063] Correspondingly, during the rotation of the impeller rotor 140, some water flow impacts the convex curved surface of the guide vane 142 and is reflected. The reflected water flow is received by the guide bucket 330 on the inner wall of the pump casing 110. The inclined guide plate 331 of the guide bucket 330 unfolds in a gradually expanding fan shape. When the reflected water flow impacts the inner wall of the pump casing 110, it will slide down the curved surface of the inclined guide plate 331, using the inertia and gravity of the fluid to naturally guide the water flow towards the guide channel. At the same time, the trapezoidal side cover 332 is integrally connected with the inclined guide plate 331, effectively preventing the water flow from spreading laterally.

[0064] Meanwhile, the trapezoidal structure of the entire guide bucket 330, forming a converging space, combined with the gradually expanding shape of the inclined guide plate 331, constrains and converges the water flow, causing the dispersed reflected water flow to gradually form a stream during the flow process, entering the guide channel in a more concentrated state. Simultaneously, the transition arc pad 333 is positioned at the connection between the inclined guide plate 331 and the trapezoidal side cover 332. The transition arc pad 333, with its smooth curved surface, connects the sharp corners of the inclined guide plate 331 and the trapezoidal side cover 332, eliminating sharp turns in the water flow path. When the water flow passes through the corner of the guide bucket 330, the curved surface of the transition arc pad 333 effectively suppresses boundary layer separation, avoiding vortices and pressure losses caused by fluid detachment from the wall, thus ensuring that the reflected water flow enters the spiral cavity efficiently and stably.

[0065] Simultaneously, some of the water splashed into the central area of ​​the hub 141 moves towards the periphery under the drive of centrifugal force. As the water rises along the curved surface, some fluid enters the edge of the hub 141 through the guide channel 1431, merging with the fluid ejected from the radial guide channel 144. The radial guide channel 144 utilizes a hyperbolic composite curve and a tapering structure to guide the water flowing through the guide vanes 142 into the channel and accelerate it, ejecting the fluid radially to the hub 141 at the outlet section.

[0066] When some fluid impacts the angled guide plate 146, the guide plate 146 changes the fluid direction and reduces the flow velocity. The fluid then enters the tiered guiding structure formed by the guide arc plates 145. The circumferential staggered arrangement and different curvature design of the guide arc plates 145 allow the fluid to accelerate and slide on the water-facing side while achieving a smooth transition through the tangency between the backwater side and the inlet contour of the guide zone. The guided and decelerated fluid is temporarily stored in the stagnant space formed by the guide zone and the guide arc plates 145. As the hub 141 rotates to a specific phase, under the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity, it is thrown out with precise speed and angle, efficiently entering the spiral cavity to participate in circulation.

[0067] Meanwhile, during the operation of the water turbine pump body 100, the reflected water flow entering the spiral cavity, guided by the spiral guide vane 320, forms an accelerated spiral flow along the curved surface due to the wall adhesion effect. Under the guidance of the spiral cavity and gravity, the water flow is further accelerated and spirals downward. The arc-shaped spiral gasket 350 at the bottom of the guide half shell 310 works in conjunction with the spiral guide vane 320 to guide the accelerated water flow out of the outlet channel 113 at a tangential angle and speed. Through the gradually narrowing guide channel of the impact bucket 340, it directionally and at high speed impacts the guide vane 142 at the bottom of the impeller rotor 140, forming a secondary impact and further enhancing the circumferential rotational torque of the impeller rotor 140.

[0068] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0069] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this invention. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other.

[0070] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine type centrifugal pump, characterized in that, include: The water turbine pump body (100) includes a pump casing (110) with an inner cavity and a water guiding mechanism (120) disposed on the pump casing (110). The water turbine pump body (100) also includes a pump shaft (130) arranged laterally in the pump casing (110) and an impeller rotor (140) integrally connected to the pump shaft (130). The impeller rotor (140) includes a hub (141) and a plurality of guide vanes (142) arranged circumferentially on the hub (141). A tailwater pipe (117) is provided at the bottom of the pump casing (110). The vertically downward water flow impacts the guide vanes (142) to drive the pump shaft (130) to rotate. The water flow impacts the impeller rotor (140) to form a reflected water flow and a downward interception. A spiral guide assembly is disposed on the side wall of the pump casing (110) near the water guiding mechanism (120). It includes a guide half-shell (310) with a cavity, a spiral guide vane (320) arranged in the inner cavity of the guide half-shell (310), and multiple linearly arranged guide assemblies disposed on the inner wall of the pump casing (110). The guide half-shell (310) is installed on the rear side wall of the pump casing (110), and its inner cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the pump casing (110). The spiral guide vane (320) divides the inner cavity of the guide half-shell (310) to form a spiral cavity. The pump casing (110) has multiple longitudinally arranged water guide grooves at the guide assembly. The reflected water flow and the downward interception flow are reflected into the spiral cavity through the water guide grooves and form an accelerated spiral flow and are ejected from the bottom water guide groove to form a jet. The jet directionally impacts the impeller rotor (140) to form an auxiliary flow. The pump shaft (130) passes through the pump casing (110) and is connected to a multi-stage centrifugal pump body (200). The multi-stage centrifugal pump body (200) includes a cylindrical body (210) with an inner cavity, a main shaft (220) mounted on the cylindrical body (210), and multiple inner pump housings (270) arranged along the axis of the main shaft (220). Each inner pump housing (270) is equipped with multiple rotating wheels (230). The inner pump housing (270) is equipped with guide vanes (240), and the guide vanes (240) are arranged around the rotating wheel 230. The surface of the cylinder (210) is provided with a water inlet (211) and a water outlet (212). The main shaft (220) passes through the cylinder (210) and is connected to the pump shaft (130). The pump shaft (130) drives the main shaft (220) to rotate so as to drive the multiple rotating wheels (230) and guide vanes (240) to squeeze and guide the fluid.

2. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guiding component located at the bottom is configured as an impact bucket (340), and the other multiple sets of flow guiding components are configured as flow guiding buckets (330). The flow guiding bucket (330) includes an inclined flow guiding plate (331) arranged on the inner wall of the pump casing (110), a trapezoidal side cover (332) arranged on both sides of the inclined flow guiding plate (331), and a transition arc pad (333) arranged at the connection between the inclined flow guiding plate (331) and the trapezoidal side cover (332). The inclined flow guiding plate (331) of the flow guiding bucket (330) is designed to gradually expand from one end of the water guiding channel to the free end to form a fan-shaped water collection area.

3. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The guide bucket (330) is connected to the spiral cavity through the water guide groove. The water guide groove corresponding to the guide bucket (330) is configured as the water inlet groove (112). The outlet of the water inlet groove (112) has an inverted trapezoidal constriction structure and the width decreases from top to bottom. The water guide groove corresponding to the impact bucket (340) is configured as the water outlet groove (113). The outlet of the water outlet groove (113) is rectangular.

4. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The impact bucket (340) includes a downward guide surface (341) mounted on the inner wall of the pump casing (110), triangular covers (342) set on both sides of the downward guide surface (341), and a triangular transition plate (343) set at the connection between the downward guide surface (341) and the triangular cover (342). The downward guide surface (341) of the impact bucket (340) is designed to gradually narrow from one end of the water guide channel to the free end, forming a gradually narrowing guide channel with the downward guide surface (341). The axis of the gradually narrowing guide channel is directly opposite to the center of the guide blade (142) at the bottom.

5. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 4, characterized in that: An arc-shaped spiral gasket (350) is provided at the bottom end of the flow guide half shell (310), which is combined with the spiral flow guide plate (320) inside the flow guide half shell (310) to form a gradually changing guide surface facing the water outlet tank (113).

6. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The hub (141) adopts a disc structure with a peripheral thickness greater than the central thickness. The hub (141) has symmetrically distributed annular guide lips (143) on both sides. The surface of the annular guide lips (143) is provided with multiple guide grooves (1431). The guide grooves (1431) create channels for water droplets in the center of the hub (141) to move towards the edge of the hub (141). The annular guide lips (143) are arranged in a side-standing trumpet-shaped structure. The surface of the hub (141) is provided with multiple radial guide grooves (144). The radial guide grooves (144) are arranged between the guide vanes (142) and the annular guide lips (143). The depth and width of the radial guide grooves (144) decrease gradually from the guide vanes (142) to the annular guide lips (143).

7. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The radial guide groove (144) has an opening at one end away from the center of the hub (141) that is wider than the width of the guide blade (142). The radial guide groove (144) is flared on both sides. Multiple circumferentially distributed angled guide plates (146) are arranged between the hub (141) and the guide blade (142). The angled guide plates (146) are adjacent to the radial guide groove (144). The guide area formed by the guide blade (142), the angled guide plates (146) and the hub (141) is connected to the inner end of the radial guide groove (144).

8. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure water turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The hub (141) is provided with multiple sets of guide plates arranged in a circumferential direction at the radial guide groove (144). Each set of guide plates includes multiple obliquely arranged guide arc plates (145), and the multiple sets of guide arc plates (145) are arranged in a circumferential staggered arrangement.

9. The horizontal multi-stage high-pressure turbine centrifugal pump as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The pump casing (110) includes a symmetrically arranged casing body (114) with an upper opening and a side opening, an upper sealing plate (115) for sealing the upper opening of the casing body (114), and a side sealing plate (116) for sealing the side opening of the casing body (114). The water guiding mechanism (120) is vertically mounted on the upper sealing plate (115) so that the fluid enters the pump casing (110) vertically. The casing body (114), the upper sealing plate (115) and the side sealing plate (116) are integrally connected. The tailwater pipe (117) is opened at the bottom end of the side sealing plate (116).

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