Contrast experiment device and experiment method for researching microorganisms in soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of soil analysis, in particular to a contrast experiment device and method for researching microorganisms in soil. The device solves the problems that an existing device is inaccurate in collection depth and inconsistent in sample size and cannot integrate the functions of collection, processing, environment simulation and the like, and comprises a collection mechanism, an environment simulation cabin group and an environment control assembly. The collection mechanism adopts a combined design of a double-rod driving unit, a sampling barrel and a sample splitter, and is matched with a fan-shaped sample splitting bin of the sample splitter to realize layered sampling. The environment simulation cabin group is composed of four independent cabins and is in butt joint with the sample separation cabins through sample inlets. A synchronous cleaning system is further integrated on the device and comprises a mechanical vibration cleaning assembly for air duct airflow cleaning and eccentric wheel driving. The environment control assembly provides a temperature and humidity independent regulation and control function and is matched with the crushing assembly in the cabin to achieve uniform soil distribution. According to the device, the integrated operation from soil collection, sample distribution to multi-environment simulation is realized, and the experimental efficiency and the comparability of data are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil analysis, and in particular to a comparative experimental device and an experimental method for studying microorganisms in soil. Background Art

[0002] As an integral part of the ecosystem, soil microorganisms play a key role in soil fertility, biorecycling, pollutant degradation, and plant growth promotion. With the recent surge in global attention to issues such as climate change, sustainable agricultural development, and ecological and environmental protection, in-depth research into the characteristics and functions of soil microorganisms and their interactions with the environment has become increasingly urgent and significant.

[0003] However, current research on soil microorganisms faces numerous challenges. Traditional research methods have exposed numerous drawbacks during the sample collection process. The sampling depth is inaccurate, and some collection tools have difficulty precisely controlling the depth of soil insertion. This results in samples collected from different soil layers, affecting the consistency and comparability of experimental results, as microbial community structure and function vary across soil layers. Sample size is inconsistent. During manual collection, it is difficult to ensure that the amount of soil sample collected is exactly the same each time. This can lead to different microbial populations in subsequent experiments, affecting the accuracy and reproducibility of the experiment. Lack of uniformity. When transferring collected soil samples to experimental containers or for further processing, there is often a lack of effective means to ensure soil uniformity, resulting in uneven distribution of microorganisms within the sample, affecting the accuracy of experimental results. Susceptibility to contamination. During the sample transfer process, soil samples are easily exposed to the external environment, thereby being contaminated by impurities such as microorganisms and dust in the air, which interferes with experimental results. This contamination is particularly significant when conducting high-precision microbial analysis. Some soil microbiology research devices are complex to operate. The operating procedures are cumbersome and require lengthy training for professional mastery. This not only increases research costs but can also introduce errors due to improper operation. The level of integration is low. Existing products mostly perform collection, processing, and environmental simulation functions independently, lacking an integrated design. This can lead to problems during sample transfer and occupies a large space, hindering laboratory layout and management.

[0004] Against this backdrop, the existing patent number CN117286022A describes a comparative experimental device for soil microorganisms, comprising a base plate, a placement tube, a telescopic cylinder, an upper cover, a fixed column, and an environmental conversion mechanism. The present invention addresses the following issues with prior art soil comparative experiments: The inability to adjust the soil environment can result in the species and number of soil microorganisms increasing or decreasing under environmental influences, affecting experimental accuracy and diversity, hindering the study of soil samples. The present invention can switch the environmental state of soil samples in a petri dish, specifically categorizing them as humid, dry, high-temperature, and low-temperature environments, allowing for comparative experiments on soil samples under different environments. This environmental conversion improves the accuracy of soil sample comparative experiments, thereby enhancing experimental results and increasing experimental diversity. However, while innovative in environmental simulation, the device still suffers from the following drawbacks: It relies on manual placement of the petri dish and lacks an automated soil collection module, making it impossible to accurately control the consistency of the sampled soil layer. The lack of integrated soil crushing and mixing functions results in uneven distribution of microorganisms within the sample, impacting experimental reproducibility.

[0005] Based on the above, it is particularly necessary to develop a professional comparative experimental device that can ensure sample quality from the source and cover the entire process of collection, processing and simulated preservation. It will open up new paths for soil microbial research and promote the development of related fields. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of inaccurate collection depth and inconsistent sample size of existing devices, and the inability to integrate functions such as collection, processing, and environmental simulation.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical ideas adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows: A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil is designed. The device is an integrated device that can realize the integration of collection, processing and environmental simulation.

[0008] This device is hydraulically driven, with a hydraulic rod controlling the vertical downward pressure of the sampling cylinder to ensure accurate soil sampling at the same depth. The sampling cylinder features a built-in sample divider, which automatically and evenly separates the soil into four independent samples after sampling. After sampling, the hydraulic rod lifts the sampling cylinder to the docking station of the environmental simulation chamber. The sampling cylinder then rises, and the four compartments of the sample divider precisely align with the inlet of the simulation chamber, allowing the soil sample to slide into its corresponding sealed chamber.

[0009] Each environmental simulation chamber is equipped with a crushing assembly. Once soil enters the chamber, it automatically activates to crush, mix, and evenly distribute the soil, ensuring a loose and uniformly distributed sample for subsequent experimental analysis. The environmental simulation chamber system consists of four independent, highly sealed chambers. Temperature and humidity can be individually controlled to simulate different environmental conditions, making it suitable for high-precision soil research.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: Design a comparative experimental device to study microorganisms in soil. The specific plan is as follows: The first object of the present invention is to provide a comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil, comprising an environmental simulation chamber group, characterized in that the environmental simulation chamber group is composed of multiple environmental simulation chambers arranged circumferentially around a collection mechanism, and a sample inlet is provided on one side of the environmental simulation chamber; the experimental device also includes: The sampling mechanism is arranged inside the environmental simulation chamber group and consists of a sampling cylinder and a coaxially arranged sample divider. The sample divider has a plurality of radially separated sample compartments, and the sample compartments are connected to the sample inlet of the environmental simulation chamber; The environmental control component is installed on the top of each environmental simulation cabin and is used to regulate the environmental conditions inside the cabin.

[0011] Furthermore, a double-rod driving unit is provided on the top of the sample divider and the sampling cylinder to realize synchronous or asynchronous movement of the sample divider and the sampling cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the curvature radius of the sampling port matches the outer diameter of the sampling cylinder, and when the sampling cylinder descends, its outer wall forms a dynamic seal with the sampling port.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of oblique tooth-like protrusions are arranged at intervals along the axial direction on the inner wall of the sampling cylinder, and the inclination direction of the tooth-like protrusions is opposite to the feeding direction of the sampling cylinder.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an airflow cleaning part, which includes an air cylinder coaxially sleeved on the outside of the sampling tube. An airflow channel connected to the inside of the air cylinder is provided on the top of the sampling tube. The relative movement of the sampling tube and the air cylinder generates airflow to clean the inner surface of the sampling tube.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a vibration cleaning unit, which includes: A housing, which is sleeved on the outside of the sampling mechanism; A transmission member, one side of which is arranged inside the shell and the other side of which is connected to a striking member; The striking piece surrounds the side of the sampling tube.

[0016] Furthermore, the transmission member includes: An eccentric wheel is arranged on the inner wall of the housing through the motor; The transmission rod has an upper end eccentrically connected to the eccentric wheel and a lower end hinged to the rack; The rack is slidably mounted in the vertical guide rail inside the housing to convert the rotational motion of the eccentric wheel into vertical reciprocating motion of the rack; Two sets of bevel gear structures are respectively engaged at the upper and lower ends of the rack to drive the knocking piece.

[0017] Furthermore, the knocking member is composed of a plurality of L-shaped knocking rods, and the plurality of L-shaped knocking rods surround both sides of the sampling tube.

[0018] Furthermore, a crushing assembly is provided in the environmental simulation chamber, and the crushing assembly includes: The rotation axis is vertically arranged at the bottom of the environmental simulation chamber; A cross-row brush is connected to the top of the rotating shaft, and the cross-row brush is provided with multiple spherical crushing heads through a telescopic rod; Telescopic pole with rubber paddles on the side for leveling the soil.

[0019] The second object of the present invention is to provide an experimental method comprising: S1. Collect soil samples; S2. Separate the collected soil samples and distribute them to various environmental simulation chambers; S3: The sampling cylinder 120 descends, and its outer wall forms a seal with the sampling port 31. The environmental parameters in the environmental simulation chamber are independently regulated by the environmental control component. Multiple environmental simulation chambers can be used to conduct comparative experiments on soil samples under different environmental conditions. S4. Take out the soil samples in the environmental simulation chamber and perform microbial analysis on them.

[0020] The specific operations of step S2 are as follows: When the collected soil sample is lifted to the collection channel 33 in S1, the sample separation chamber 1211 corresponds to the sample inlet 31 of each environmental simulation chamber; The sampling cylinder 120 is lifted again, and the soil sample is loosely introduced from the sample separation chamber 1211 into the environmental simulation chamber through the multiple tooth-like protrusions 1201 on its inner wall; During the above-mentioned sample separation process, the airflow cleaning part and the vibration cleaning part cooperate to clean the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 120; After cleaning, the crushing assembly moves the soil in the sample chamber 1211 and levels the surface.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: In the cleaning mechanism, a motor-driven eccentric wheel rotates at a constant speed, driving an L-shaped striking rod in a periodic reciprocating oscillation. The rod's end strikes the outer wall of the sampling tube at a specific frequency, loosening any soil adhering to the tube wall. Simultaneously, the blower generates a directional airflow, which, in relative motion with the sampling tube, creates a sweeping effect, rapidly dislodging any soil particles dislodged by the striking. These two synergistic effects not only efficiently remove residual soil but also avoid contamination from manual cleaning, ensuring sample purity and data reliability.

[0022] 2. Through the dual-rod drive unit and the linkage structure of the sampling tube and the sample divider, the oblique tooth-like protrusions on the inner wall of the sampling tube cooperate with the sample separation chamber to achieve vertical layered cutting and fixation of the soil, avoiding sample mixing; the sampling tube coordinated with the sampling port can put the environmental simulation chamber in a dynamic sealing state, preventing external environmental factors from interfering with the simulation conditions in the experimental chamber.

[0023] 3. Four independent environmental simulation chambers are connected to the outlets of the sampling chamber respectively, and cooperate with the temperature and humidity independent control of the top environmental control component to realize the comparative experiments of wet / dry / high temperature / low temperature multi-conditions; the crushing component in the chamber uses a spring-buffered spherical crushing head and a rotating brush to crush and flatten the soil, solving the problem of uneven microbial distribution caused by soil clumping in traditional experiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when viewed from above; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the environmental simulation cabin group; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of part E; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state when the sampling tube is extended and the fan-shaped baffle is rotated open when the present invention is used; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the diagonal cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of part A; Figure 8 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of part B; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the sampling mechanism structure; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sampling mechanism along the AA direction; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration cleaning mechanism structure; Figure 12Schematic diagram of the sample divider structure; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the environmental simulation cabin from a bird's-eye view; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the crushing component structure; Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the crushing component; Figure 16 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of part C; Figure 17 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of part D.

[0025] The above drawings include the following reference numerals: 10. Collection mechanism; 11. Hydraulic cylinder; 110. Main guide rod; 111. Secondary guide rod; 12. Sampling mechanism; 120. Sampling tube; 1201. Tooth-like protrusion; 1202. Air flow channel; 121. Sample divider; 1211. Sample separation chamber; 30. Environmental simulation chamber assembly; 31. Sample inlet; 32. Operation door; 33. Collection channel; 34. Wet environment control unit; 35. Dry environment control unit; 36. High temperature environment control unit; 37. Low temperature environment control unit; 40. Air duct; 50. Eccentric wheel; 51. Transmission rod; 52. Rack; 53. Bevel gear structure; 531. Active bevel gear; 532. Driven bevel gear; 54. L-shaped knocking rod; 60. Housing; 61. Vertical guide rail; 70. Base; 71. Interlayer; 80. Ring gear; 81. Rotating shaft; 82. Fan-shaped baffle; 90. Rotating shaft; 91. Cross brush; 92. Cross connecting rod; 93. Telescopic rod; 94. Spring; 95. Spherical crushing head; 96. Universal joint; 97. Rubber pick. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments, rather than all the embodiments.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] refer to Figure 1-17The present invention provides a comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil, comprising a collection mechanism, an environmental simulation cabin group, and an environmental control component. The present invention is further described using the preferred embodiments of the present invention: Example 1

[0029] The collection mechanism 10 includes a dual-rod drive unit at the top and a sampling mechanism 12 at the bottom. The dual-rod drive unit includes a hydraulic cylinder 11 and a main guide rod 110 and a secondary guide rod 111 connected to the piston end of the hydraulic cylinder 11. The dual-rod drive unit also has a control unit to control the movement of the main guide rod 110 and the secondary guide rod 111.

[0030] During specific implementation, the sampling mechanism 12 includes a sample divider 121 and a sampling barrel 120 movably sleeved on the outside of the sample divider 121. The outer diameter of the sample divider 121 matches the inner wall of the sampling barrel 120, forming a sliding fit with the inner wall of the sampling barrel 120. The hydraulic cylinder 11 controls the vertical movement of the sampling barrel 120 and the sample divider 121 respectively through the main guide rod 110 and the auxiliary guide rod 111. The main guide rod 110 directly fixes the top of the sampling barrel 120, and the auxiliary guide rod 111 passes through the channel at the top of the sampling barrel 120 and is fixedly connected to the top of the internal sample divider 121, ensuring that the two can move synchronously and can be displaced relative to each other.

[0031] The sampling tube 120 is a thin-walled stainless steel cylindrical structure with a serrated cutting edge at the bottom. The inner wall is provided with a plurality of upwardly inclined tooth-like protrusions 1201. The inclined direction of the tooth-like protrusions 1201 is opposite to the feeding direction of the sampling tube 120. The main body of the sample divider 121 is a columnar structure with four rectangular partition plates evenly arranged along the axial direction of the columnar structure. It is made of aluminum alloy and processed into a cross-shaped column structure. The four rectangular partition plates constitute four 90° fan-shaped sample compartments 1211 for storing soil.

[0032] In specific operation, when sampling, the hydraulic cylinder 11 drives the sampling tube 120 through the main guide rod 110, and at the same time drives the sample divider 121 to move downward synchronously through the auxiliary guide rod 111, and the two are inserted into the soil at the same speed.

[0033] The serrated edge of the sampling barrel 120 cuts through the soil to form a cylindrical channel. The soil is guided by the tooth-like protrusions 1201 into the sample compartment 1211, and the oblique teeth prevent the sample from withdrawing. The serrated cutting edge at the lower end of the sampling barrel 120 effectively breaks up the soil and reduces resistance, while the oblique tooth-like protrusions 1201 on the inner wall prevent the soil sample from sliding. The four sample compartments 1211 of the sample divider 121 then descend, and the cut soil is stored in 90° sectors via rectangular partitions, ensuring the vertical stratification integrity of the sample.

[0034] When the target depth is reached, the hydraulic cylinder 11 synchronously drives the main guide rod 110 and the auxiliary guide rod 111 to rise. The soil in its sample compartment 1211 is retained in the fan-shaped interval due to friction. The oblique tooth-like protrusions 1201 on the inner wall further lock the residual soil, ensuring the sampling rate. When the sampling cylinder 120 and the sample divider are synchronously raised to the docking position of the environmental simulation chamber group 30, the sampling cylinder 120 continues to move upward under the drive of the main guide rod 110, exposing the sample divider 121. The movement of the auxiliary guide rod 111 and the relative movement of the main guide rod 110 occur. The multiple tooth-like protrusions 1201 can disturb the soil attached to the sample divider 121 during collection, causing it to fall off the sample divider 121 as soon as possible; and the four sub-compartments of the sample divider 121 are aligned with the sampling port 31 of the environmental simulation chamber, and the soil sample then slides into the corresponding compartment.

[0035] In specific implementation, the collection mechanism 10 also includes a cleaning mechanism to ensure the completeness of the collection and the averageness of the samples.

[0036] The cleaning mechanism includes blowing cleaning and vibration cleaning. The blowing cleaning structure: a wind tube 40 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the sampling tube 120. The wind tube 40 is shorter than the sampling tube 120. The top of the wind tube 40 is connected to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 11 shell through a support frame. There is an opening at the bottom and a channel at the top for the movement of the two main and auxiliary guide rods 111. A sealing ring is installed at the connection between the guide columns to ensure a certain degree of airtightness without affecting the movement. The top of the sampling tube 120 has multiple oblique airflow channels 1202, and the top edge is equipped with a sealing ring. When the sampling tube 120 moves up and down in the wind tube 40, compressed air forms an airflow to clean the tube wall.

[0037] Vibration cleaning structure: The outer shell 60 serves as a supporting frame and is a shaped structure, which is integrally mounted on the outside of the hydraulic cylinder 11 and the air duct 40 to protect the normal operation of the collection mechanism 10. Its bottom is fixed above the environmental control component, and a vibration component is fixed inside the outer shell 60, which surrounds the outside of the sampling tube 120.

[0038] The vibration assembly includes a rotating part and a striking part, wherein the transmission part is a crank slider mechanism composed of an eccentric wheel 50 through a transmission rod 51 and a vertical rack 52.

[0039] Specifically, the eccentric wheel 50 is connected to the housing 60 through a motor, the upper end of the transmission rod 51 is eccentrically connected to the eccentric wheel 50, and the lower end is connected to the rack 52 through a hinge. The rack 52 can be slidably installed in the vertical guide rail 61 inside the housing 60, converting the rotational motion of the eccentric wheel 50 into reciprocating motion in the vertical direction of the rack 52.

[0040] Two sets of bevel gear structures 53 mesh with each other at the upper and lower ends of rack 52. The driving bevel gears 531 in each set of bevel gear structures 53 respectively mesh with the upper and lower tooth segments of rack 52, driving the rotation of symmetrically arranged driven bevel gears 532. The driven gears have a greater number of teeth, converting the rapid reciprocating motion input by rack 52 into a high-torque, short-stroke swing of the striking rod, effectively shaking out the soil in sampling tube 120 while protecting the transmission mechanism from recoil damage.

[0041] The output shaft of each driven bevel gear 532 is connected to a knocking member, which is two L-shaped knocking rods 54 , and the two rods are arranged around the sampling tube 120 in an embracing state.

[0042] When the mechanism is in operation, the eccentric wheel 50 rotates, driving the upper end of the transmission rod 51 to perform circular motion along the eccentric distance, while the lower end drives the rack 52 to slide back and forth within the vertical guide rail 61. Each time the rack 52 completes a lifting cycle (corresponding to one rotation of the eccentric wheel 50), it drives two sets of L-shaped knocking rods 54 to alternate motion via the bevel gear structure 53: when the rack 52 moves upward, the upper gear set drives the corresponding knocking rod to swing inward to perform the knocking, while the lower gear set causes the corresponding knocking rod to swing outward to reset; when the rack 52 moves downward, the motion phase is reversed, forming a bidirectional alternating vibration, achieving efficient removal of soil adhering to the sampling tube 120.

[0043] During the cleaning process, blowing cleaning and vibration cleaning work together to effectively remove residual soil. Example 2

[0044] The environmental simulation chamber assembly 30 consists of four chambers, symmetrically distributed in a cross pattern around the circumference of the collection mechanism 10. A base 70 is fixedly connected to each chamber's bottom. The central axis of symmetry of the four chambers coincides with the axis of the sampling cylinder 120. Each chamber's sampling port 31 faces a corresponding sampling chamber 1211 of the sample divider 121. Each chamber is constructed of metal or high-strength plastic, with a thickness sufficient to insulate against heat and moisture, and a smooth surface. A side access door 32 is provided for removing the soil for analysis after the test.

[0045] A rectangular sampling port 31 with an arc-shaped edge is cut radially in one corner of the top of the environmental simulation chamber. Four sampling ports 31 surround a cylindrical channel, which serves as a collection channel 33 for the sampling mechanism 10. The vertically ascending sampling mechanism 12 passes through the environmental control assembly in the middle and the center of the environmental simulation chamber 30 at the bottom, completing a continuous operation process from soil collection to sample processing. This ensures the independence of each functional module while ensuring the coordinated operation of the system.

[0046] The curvature radius of the arc surface of the sample inlet 31 of the environmental simulation chamber matches the outer diameter of the sampling tube 120. When the sample divider 121 is lifted to the working position, its four compartment outlets are exactly aligned in three dimensions with the sample inlets 31 of the four chambers. When the soil sample in the sample divider 121 is poured into the chamber and the sample transfer is completed, the sampling tube 120 begins to descend, and one-quarter of its outer cylindrical surface contacts the arc surface cut by the sample inlet 31. Sealing is achieved by the silicone rubber sealing strip set on the edge of the sample inlet 31 to ensure that the environmental simulation chamber is in a sealed state.

[0047] In practice, the base 70 is a rectangular structure with an internal interlayer 71, the center of which is defined by an opening corresponding to the collection channel 33 of the collection mechanism 10. The opening is sealed using a rotary baffle mechanism. Specifically, a circular rotating device is disposed within the interlayer 71 of the base 70. This device comprises a ring gear 80 and four evenly spaced shafts 81. The ring gear 80 is rotatably mounted outside the collection channel 33 and driven by an internally engaged servo motor. A quarter-circular fan-shaped baffle 82 is fixedly attached to the top of each shaft 81, with one corner of the arc serving as the pivot point. When the motor drives the ring gear 80 to rotate, the four shafts 81 rotate synchronously through the transmission of the ring gear 80, causing the four fan-shaped baffles 82 to rotate in a coordinated manner. When rotating inward, they are unscrewed from the interlayer 71 and assembled into a complete circular sealing cover at the center of the channel. When rotating outward, the interlayer 71 is retracted, fully opening the collection channel 33.

[0048] Universal wheels are provided at the bottom of the base 70, which can push the device to move after the collection is completed. Example 3

[0049] Each environmental simulation chamber is equipped with a crushing assembly mounted on the bottom of the chamber. A rotating shaft 90 passes through the center of the chamber and is driven by a servo motor mounted in the interlayer 71. A cross-shaped brush 91 is connected to the top of the rotating shaft 90.

[0050] The cross-shaped brush row 91 consists of a cross-shaped connecting rod 92 and a crushing mechanism mounted thereon. The central axis of the cross-shaped connecting rod 92 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating shaft 90. The crushing mechanism is located at the bottom of the four branches of the cross-shaped connecting rod 92 and includes multiple telescopic rods 93 and spherical crushing heads 95 mounted at the bottom of the telescopic rods 93. The telescopic rods 93 are composed of rod-like members connected inside and outside. A spring 94 is installed at the connection to provide the spherical crushing heads 95 with floating ability. The spherical crushing heads 95 are connected to the bottom of the telescopic rods 93 via a universal joint 96, enabling multi-angle movement. A rubber paddle 97 is embedded in one side of the bottom of the telescopic rods 93 on the outer side of the cross-shaped connecting rod 92. When the assembly rotates, the rubber paddle 97 can dislodge and flatten soil in the blind spot of the sample divider 121. The multiple spherical crushing heads 95 expand outward under the action of centrifugal force, applying pressure to the soil. At the same time, the spring 94 buffer mechanism automatically adapts to changes in soil density and retracts to avoid hard objects. This design not only ensures the uniformity of soil distribution, but also avoids overload damage through a mechanical flexible protection mechanism, facilitating subsequent experimental analysis. Example 4

[0051] Environmental control components are installed atop the four environmental simulation chambers, along with the control devices that control them. A central controller (PLC + touch screen) automatically switches environmental parameters via pre-set programs. A four-channel independent control design is employed, with each channel corresponding to an environmental simulation chamber, to simulate four typical environments: humid, dry, high, and low temperatures. Each chamber is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor (such as the SHT30), an air pressure sensor (such as the BMP280), and an airflow sensor (such as a hot-wire anemometer) to monitor the chamber's environmental parameters in real time. This data is fed back to the central control system (such as a PLC or embedded microcontroller) for dynamic adjustment.

[0052] In specific implementation, the humid environment control unit 34 adopts an ultrasonic humidifier, which is installed in the center of the top of the environmental simulation cabin and distributed in a circular array. It is driven by a stepper motor to support multi-angle uniform speed rotation to ensure uniform diffusion of water mist.

[0053] The water tank is equipped with a water level sensor, which is integrated into the bottom of the humidifier and automatically replenishes water through a peristaltic pump.

[0054] During specific implementation, the drying environment control unit 35 evenly lays heating pads on the inner wall of the environmental simulation cabin to dry the soil in the cabin by low-temperature heating, and installs low-speed fans on the side walls to achieve air circulation to avoid local overheating. This can not only effectively remove moisture, but also avoid damage to the soil sample structure and microbial activity due to high temperature, thereby ensuring the stability of the experimental environment and the accuracy of sample analysis.

[0055] In specific implementation, the high temperature environment control unit 36 ​​has the same structure as the environment simulation chamber corresponding to the above-mentioned dry environment control unit 35, and the heating pad increases the temperature to achieve the heating purpose.

[0056] In specific implementation, the low-temperature environment control unit 37 is provided with a plurality of semiconductor refrigeration plates on the top and side walls of the cabin, which are specifically concentrated in the upper half. The cold air sinks and natural convection ensures uniform transfer of cold air.

[0057] Working process: First, the servo motor drives the ring gear 80, causing the four fan-shaped baffles 82 to rotate outward synchronously and retract into the interlayer 71, fully opening the collection channel 33; then the hydraulic cylinder 11 synchronously drives the sampling tube 120 and the sample divider 121 to press vertically downward, cutting into the soil layer through the serrated cutting edge to collect samples; after reaching the set depth and compaction, the hydraulic cylinder 11 retracts and lifts the collection mechanism 10. After the sample enters the simulation cabin, the rotating baffle quickly seals the cabin bottom, and then the main guide rod 110 continues to lift the sampling tube 120 to expose the sample divider 1211. As the sampling tube 120 is lifted upward, multiple tooth-like protrusions 1201 disturb the soil and make it slide loosely into the environmental simulation. Inside the simulated chamber, the cross-shaped brushes 91 rotate, and the rubber paddles 97 smooth the surface, stirring the soil still in the sample chamber 1211. Simultaneously, the eccentric wheel 50 drives the L-shaped knocking rod 54 to produce alternating impacts, which, in sync with the airflow, cleans the walls of the sampling tube 120. After a period of time, cleaning of the sampling tube 120 stops. The sampling tube 120 then descends, forming a dynamic seal between its outer wall and the sampling port 31. The cross-shaped brushes 91 rotate and crush the soil, further flattening it. The system independently controls the environmental parameters of each environmental simulation chamber through pre-set programs. Using real-time data from sensors within the chambers, it supports comparative experiments with soil samples under different environmental conditions. After the experiment is completed, the operating door 32 on the side of the environmental simulation chamber can be opened to remove the soil sample for microbial analysis. This completes the entire process from soil collection to final analysis.

[0058] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil, comprising an environmental simulation chamber group (30), characterized in that: The environmental simulation chamber group (30) is composed of a plurality of environmental simulation chambers arranged circumferentially around the collection mechanism (10), each of which is provided with a sample inlet (31); the experimental device further includes: The sampling mechanism (12) is arranged inside the environmental simulation chamber assembly (30) and is composed of a sampling cylinder (120) and a coaxially arranged sample divider (121). The sample divider (121) has a plurality of radially separated sample compartments (1211). The sample compartments (1211) are in communication with the sample inlet (31) of the environmental simulation chamber. The environmental control component is installed on the top of each environmental simulation cabin and is used to regulate the environmental conditions inside the cabin.

2. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A double-rod driving unit is provided on the top of the sample divider (121) and the sampling cylinder (120), so as to realize synchronous or asynchronous movement of the sample divider (121) and the sampling cylinder (120).

3. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of injection ports (31) enclose a columnar collection channel (33) for the sampling mechanism (12) to vertically ascend and descend.

4. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature radius of the sampling port (31) matches the outer diameter of the sampling cylinder (120), and when the sampling cylinder (120) descends, its outer wall forms a dynamic seal with the sampling port (31).

5. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of oblique tooth-shaped protrusions (1201) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction on the inner wall of the sampling cylinder (120), and the inclination direction of the tooth-shaped protrusions (1201) is opposite to the feeding direction of the sampling cylinder (120).

6. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes an airflow cleaning portion, which includes an air cylinder (40) coaxially sleeved on the outside of the sampling cylinder (120), and an airflow channel (1202) connected to the inside of the air cylinder (40) is provided on the top of the sampling cylinder (120). The relative movement between the sampling cylinder (120) and the air cylinder (40) generates an airflow to clean the inner surface of the sampling cylinder (120).

7. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a vibration cleaning unit, which includes: A housing (60) is sleeved on the outside of the sampling mechanism (12); A transmission member, one side of which is arranged inside the housing (60) and the other side of which is connected to a striking member; The striking piece surrounds the side of the sampling tube (120).

8. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental simulation chamber is equipped with a crushing component, which includes: The rotation axis (90) is vertically arranged at the bottom of the environmental simulation chamber; A cross-row brush (91) is connected to the top of the rotating shaft (90), and the cross-row brush (91) is provided with a plurality of spherical crushing heads (95) via a telescopic rod (93); The telescopic rod (93) is provided with a rubber paddle (97) on the side for leveling the soil.

9. A comparative experimental device for studying microorganisms in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method is implemented by using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the experimental method comprises: S1. Collect soil samples; S2. Separate the collected soil samples and distribute them to various environmental simulation chambers; S3, the sampling tube (120) descends, and its outer wall forms a seal with the sampling port (31), and the environmental parameters in the environmental simulation chamber are independently regulated by the environmental control component. Multiple environmental simulation chambers can conduct comparative experiments on soil samples under different environmental conditions; S4. Take out the soil samples in the environmental simulation chamber and perform microbial analysis on them.

10. The experimental method according to claim 9, characterized in that The specific operations of step S2 are as follows: When the collected soil sample is lifted to the collection channel (33) in S1, the sample separation chamber (1211) corresponds to the sample inlet (31) of each environmental simulation chamber; The sampling cylinder (120) is lifted again, and the soil sample is loosely introduced from the sample separation chamber (1211) into the environmental simulation chamber through the multiple tooth-like protrusions (1201) on the inner wall thereof; During the above-mentioned sample separation process, the airflow cleaning part and the vibration cleaning part cooperate to clean the inner wall of the sampling cylinder (120); After cleaning, the crushing assembly moves the soil in the sample chamber (1211) and levels the surface.

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