Cultivated land ecological restoration and dynamic regulation and control system driven by multi-mode intelligent monitoring

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-mode intelligent monitoring driven cultivated land ecological restoration and dynamic regulation and control system. The system comprises an intelligent monitoring module, an ecological restoration module and a data management module, the intelligent monitoring module comprises a cloud platform in communication connection with the remote sensing satellite, an intelligent gateway, a ground sensor, a monitoring module and a mobile terminal; the ecological restoration module comprises a 3D printing module, a soil improvement module and a humidity adjustment module which are in communication connection with the cloud platform; the data management module comprises a database, a compensation calculation module, an occupation and compensation balance intelligent matching module and a carbon sink metering module. Through fusion of multi-dimensional data of the remote sensing satellite, the ground sensor, the intelligent gateway, the mobile terminal and the like, the farmland condition can be accurately monitored in real time, risk diagnosis is performed according to the monitoring data, dynamic regulation and control and differential remediation are performed on the farmland, the adaptability of the farmland to rainfall pattern change is remarkably improved, soil erosion is reduced, the carbon sequestration capacity is enhanced, and the farmland quality is improved. And scientific support is provided for western Henan cultivated land protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of farmland protection, and in particular relates to a farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation system driven by multimodal intelligent monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Global climate change is significantly altering precipitation patterns. The IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report indicates increased precipitation intensity and variability in mid-latitudes, with frequent extreme droughts and rainstorms. Rain-fed agricultural areas in parts of northern my country, such as western Henan, are particularly affected by the northward shift in the precipitation line. These cultivated lands exhibit the following characteristics: Located in the transition zone from the warm temperate to the northern subtropical zone, while annual precipitation averages 600-700 mm, its seasonal distribution is highly uneven (50% in summer and only 20% in spring), with significant interannual fluctuations. Soils are fragile, with 63% of cultivated land being drylands, primarily clay loam (28%-35% clay content). These soils have poor air permeability, and alternating dry and wet seasons can easily lead to soil structural degradation, resulting in erosion moduli as high as 2,000-5,000 t / km²·a. Furthermore, the region is ecologically sensitive. As the transition zone from the Loess Plateau to the Huanghuaihai Plain, the region's terrain is fragmented and poses a high risk of soil erosion. Precipitation anomalies account for over 50% of fluctuations in grain yield.

[0003] At present, the detection and restoration methods of cultivated land in the above-mentioned areas have the following defects: existing soil moisture monitoring mostly relies on single-point sensors, lacks multimodal fusion analysis of precipitation-soil-vegetation systems, and is difficult to predict the compound stress situation of "spring drought and summer flood" unique to western Henan on cultivated land (such as drought in the wheat season leading to insufficient root development, and heavy rain in the corn season exacerbating topsoil loss). In addition, remote sensing monitoring has low accuracy in assessing cultivated land quality on small-scale terrain (such as terraces in hilly areas) (error>15%), and cannot dynamically track the impact of changes in precipitation patterns on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; restoration technology has regional adaptability defects, and traditional plowing or straw mulching technology is not suitable for the local area. The clay loam in western Henan is prone to a "loose on top and tight on the bottom" structure, which hinders water infiltration during the rainy season and exacerbates waterlogging. After the precipitation line shifts northward, rain-fed agriculture will cause fluctuations in the soil nitrogen mineralization rate, but existing amendments have not optimized the microbial-driven mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus conversion. There is a gap in the connection between the quantification of ecological value and policy. The carbon sequestration potential of cultivated land in western Henan is significant (the soil organic carbon pool stability index CPI can be increased by 10%-15%, Song Yanhua, 2023), but there is a lack of docking mechanism with the carbon trading market. At the same time, the balance between occupation and compensation is not intelligent enough: the existing cultivated land replenishment relies on manual matching, which makes it difficult to quickly respond to the spatial reconstruction of cultivated land quality caused by the northward shift of the precipitation line. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problems of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation system to solve the problem of declining farmland quality caused by the current climate.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention and the technical problem it solves are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions. According to the present invention, a multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation system includes an intelligent monitoring module, an ecological restoration module, and a data management module; The intelligent monitoring module includes a cloud platform, an intelligent gateway, a ground sensor, a monitoring module and a mobile terminal connected to the remote sensing satellite communication. The cloud platform is connected to the intelligent gateway, and the intelligent gateway is connected to the ground sensor, the monitoring module and the mobile terminal respectively; the monitoring module is carried on the drone, and the mobile terminal is provided with several and divided into different areas; the ecological restoration module includes a 3D printing module, a soil improvement module and a humidity adjustment module connected to the cloud platform; the 3D printing module is used to print out a bionic sand-fixing structure based on the data provided by the cloud platform and the raw materials suitable for the local area are screened; the soil improvement module includes a sowing device and an improver spraying device carried on the drone, and the sowing device is used to root The sowing density is dynamically adjusted according to the data provided by the cloud platform; the humidity adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the soil moisture according to the detection data provided by the cloud platform; the data management module includes a database, a compensation calculation module, an intelligent matching module for occupation and compensation balance, and a carbon sink measurement module; the database has an internal execution unit for executing clauses that comply with the protection of cultivated land, and at the same time establishes communication with the government construction platform; the compensation calculation module is connected to the cloud platform and the monitoring module, and is used to automatically calculate the amount of compensation when the cultivated land is illegally occupied; the intelligent matching module for occupation and compensation balance is connected to the cloud platform, and is used for automatic matching and replenishment of cultivated land when the cultivated land is illegally occupied; the carbon sink measurement module is used to quantify the carbon sequestration benefits of the ecological restoration module, and establishes communication with the carbon trading market.

[0006] Furthermore, the remote sensing satellite is used to obtain surface temperature data.

[0007] Furthermore, the ground sensor is a TDR soil moisture meter.

[0008] Furthermore, the mobile terminal is at least one in one area.

[0009] Furthermore, the bionic sand-fixing structure is a gradient pore structure, and the porosity is distributed in a gradient from dense at the top to sparse at the bottom.

[0010] A multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven method for farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation includes the following steps: S1 collects data in real time through remote sensing satellites, ground sensors, smart gateways, and mobile terminals. It also integrates multi-source data based on the cloud platform and historical precipitation distribution to build a "meteorological-soil-vegetation" coupling model to predict soil moisture changes. S2 uses 3D printing modules and raw material screening to prepare biomimetic sand-fixing structures adapted to the local environment. This structure, linked to an intelligent monitoring module and combined with drone cluster seeding and biochar amendment spreading technology, fixes sand and conserves water. It also automatically triggers a humidity adjustment module based on soil moisture thresholds to repair cultivated land. S3: Scientifically manage soil, ensuring the quantity and quality of cultivated land through databases, compensation calculation modules, and intelligent matching modules for occupation and compensation balance, in accordance with relevant provisions on cultivated land protection; S4, blockchain stores farmland restoration data, the carbon sink measurement module generates carbon sink reports and connects with the carbon trading market to quantify carbon sequestration benefits.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, according to the predicted soil moisture change pattern, a drought risk dynamic level mechanism is introduced to divide the cultivated land into multi-level areas, and differentiated restoration is carried out according to the actual conditions of different areas.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the distribution of mobile terminals is implemented in a grid-like manner, with at least one mobile terminal set up in each grid. At the same time, through the operation of grid workers matching the number of mobile terminals, grid workers can upload on-site photos at any time through the mobile terminals and automatically associate monitoring data.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the soil remediation process is carried out in stages. In the initial stage, bionic sand fixation structure deployment and drone cluster sowing are carried out, in the middle stage, biochar amendment is sown, and in the later stage, the humidity adjustment module automatically triggers remediation according to the soil humidity threshold.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, the compensation calculation module is used to automatically generate an evidence package through the built-in smart contract when cultivated land is illegally occupied, and the execution unit sends it to the database and automatically pushes it to the law enforcement unit. At the same time, it cooperates with the intelligent matching module for occupation and compensation balance to ensure the quantity and quality of cultivated land.

[0015] In summary, the present invention integrates multi-dimensional data from remote sensing satellites, ground sensors, smart gateways, mobile terminals, etc., and can accurately monitor the condition of cultivated land in real time. It can also dynamically regulate and perform differentiated restoration of cultivated land based on the monitoring data. It has strong adaptability to different regions and can improve the system's response ability to climate change. The system is connected to the government construction platform, which can achieve seamless connection between the restoration sites and government projects. At the same time, the carbon sink measurement module can quantify the carbon sequestration benefits brought by the restoration measures in real time, and can increase additional economic benefits after connecting with the carbon trading market.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are specifically cited and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for ecological restoration and dynamic adjustment of cultivated land driven by multimodal intelligent monitoring according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0019] A multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation system, including an intelligent monitoring module, an ecological restoration module, and a data management module; The intelligent monitoring module includes a cloud platform, an intelligent gateway, ground sensors, a monitoring module, and a mobile terminal, which are connected to remote sensing satellites. Remote sensing satellites (such as MODIS) are used to obtain surface temperature data. A variety of ground sensors are provided, including a TDR soil moisture meter, a tipping bucket rain gauge, and a soil tensiometer, for measuring soil moisture content, observing rainfall, and measuring soil tension. The cloud platform is connected to the intelligent gateway. Based on the research results of the Joint Fund, the cloud platform embeds the Hydrus model to simulate soil moisture movement under different precipitation patterns (such as a 30% water reduction in the wheat season and a 30% water increase in the corn season) to predict drought / waterlogging risks. The intelligent gateway is connected to the ground sensors, monitoring module, and mobile terminal. The monitoring module is mounted on a drone. Several mobile terminals are arranged in different regions, with at least one mobile terminal in each region. The mobile terminals are operated by an operator and can upload photos of the site for automatic matching monitoring. Grid workers can upload soil erosion images after heavy rain through the mobile terminal, automatically triggering the soil erosion assessment module of the cloud platform.

[0020] The ecological restoration module includes a 3D printing module, a soil improvement module, and a humidity adjustment module that are connected to the cloud platform. The 3D printing module is used to print a bionic sand-fixing structure based on data provided by the cloud platform and screened locally suitable raw materials. In this embodiment, the bionic sand-fixing structure has a gradient pore structure with a porosity distribution of dense at the top and sparse at the bottom. The material is made of a local "straw-based biochar-clay composite material" related to the research conclusions of the "dry-wet alternating structural degradation of clay loam" in the joint fund project. It can mimic the root morphology of local native vegetation (Vitex truncatula) (such as in western Henan) and enhance the structure's anti-scouring ability, thereby balancing sand fixation and rainwater infiltration requirements. The soil improvement module includes a sowing device and an amendment spraying device mounted on a drone. The sowing device uses drone cluster sowing technology and carries seeds of drought-resistant plants (such as alfalfa and Astragalus) and microbial agents (such as salt- and alkali-tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria). The sowing density is dynamically adjusted based on the data stored on the cloud platform (to judge wind erosion intensity), with a density between 2,000 and 5,000 seeds per mu. The humidity adjustment module is an intelligent drip irrigation system and drainage system, which is used to set drought warning thresholds (15% volume moisture content) and waterlogging warning thresholds (35%) based on the detection data provided by the cloud platform. Once the threshold is reached, the drip irrigation or drainage system will be automatically triggered.

[0021] The data management module includes a database, compensation calculation module, intelligent matching module for occupation and compensation balance, and carbon sink measurement module. The database, relying on the results of the joint fund project, constructs a knowledge map of cultivated land quality and legal terms, recording clauses such as "occupation and compensation balance" and "permanent basic farmland protection" in the "Cultivated Land Protection Law." It also includes an internal execution unit for enforcing these clauses and establishing communication with the government construction platform (Henan Province High-standard Farmland Construction Platform). The compensation calculation module is connected to the cloud platform and the monitoring module. When illegal occupation of cultivated land is detected, an "infringement evidence package" (including time-stamped remote sensing images and soil quality data) is automatically generated through smart contracts and pushed to law enforcement agencies. At the same time, the compensation amount is automatically calculated based on "infringement area × soil fertility grade coefficient × penalty multiple"; The intelligent matching module for occupation and compensation balance is connected to the cloud platform. When farmland is illegally occupied, it automatically searches the cloud platform for other land with similar data (such as soil organic matter content, clay content, slope, water accessibility, etc.) to supplement the occupied land, ensuring the triple balance of "quantity, quality, and ecology" of farmland. At the same time, when monitoring of farmland damage caused by heavy rain, it automatically generates precipitation data, soil erosion images, and evidence packages based on CPMI comparison before and after restoration, and pushes them to relevant departments; The carbon sequestration measurement module is used to quantify the carbon sequestration benefits of the ecological restoration module and establish communication with the carbon trading market. It internally calculates the carbon sequestration amount through the "CPMI model" and outputs the "carbon sequestration report + carbon trading income" results.

[0022] A multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven method for farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation includes the following steps: S1. Real-time data collection is achieved through remote sensing satellites, ground sensors, smart gateways, and mobile terminals. Mobile terminals are distributed in a gridded manner, with at least one mobile terminal in each grid. Grid workers, matched to the number of mobile terminals, can upload on-site photos at any time through their mobile terminals and automatically associate monitoring data, forming a "precipitation-matrix potential-water content" monitoring chain. Multi-source data is integrated with historical precipitation distribution based on the cloud platform to construct a "meteorology-soil-vegetation" coupling model. This model predicts soil moisture variations. Based on these predicted soil moisture variations, a dynamic drought risk grading mechanism is introduced, dividing cultivated land into multiple levels: red (high risk), yellow (medium risk), and green (low risk). Differentiated restoration is performed based on the actual conditions of each area, with red areas receiving priority for restoration. S2, through 3D printing modules and raw material screening, prepares bionic sand-fixing structures adapted to the local environment, linked with intelligent monitoring modules, and combined with drone cluster seeding (according to Hydrus The model predicts soil moisture deficit or wind erosion intensity, and dynamically adjusts the sowing density) and biochar amendment sowing technology to fix sand and retain water. In red areas (high risk), bionic sand fixation structures and deep drainage systems are deployed first. In yellow areas (medium risk), biochar amendments are regularly sown by drones to improve soil water holding capacity. The humidity adjustment module is automatically triggered according to soil moisture and waterlogging thresholds to repair cultivated land. The soil remediation process is carried out in stages. In the initial stage, bionic sand fixation structures and drone cluster sowing are carried out. In the middle stage, biochar amendments are sown. In the later stage, the humidity adjustment module automatically triggers repair according to the soil moisture threshold. At the same time, it is necessary to match the crop growing season. For example, in the wheat season (dry period), the humidity adjustment module is triggered, and soil moisture is replenished to 70% of the field water holding rate through drip irrigation. Drones sow drought-resistant microbial agents (such as Bacillus subtilis) to enhance the water absorption capacity of the root system. In the corn season (rainy period), surface runoff is monitored. When the precipitation intensity is >30mm / h When the water level drops, the terrace drainage channel is automatically opened to reduce soil erosion (target erosion modulus <2000t / km²・a); Biochar-based amendments are formulated based on soil characteristics. For example, in a certain area with loess parent material characteristics, a "straw charcoal + palygorskite + water-retaining bacteria" composite amendment (mass ratio 6:3:1) was developed. The water retention is enhanced through the nanopore structure of palygorskite (water holding capacity increased by 40%), and water-retaining bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis) secrete polysaccharides to inhibit water evaporation. At the same time, an amendment of "humic acid-microbial agent-slow-release phosphate fertilizer (N:P:K=5:3:2)" is also used, which is linked to the results of the "microbial driven mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus conversion" in the joint fund project to improve carbon sequestration capacity and nutrient utilization rate.

[0023] S3: Scientifically manage soil. The database relies on the arable land quality model established by the Joint Fund to construct a "arable land quality-legal clause" knowledge map, converting clauses such as "occupation and compensation balance" and "permanent basic farmland protection" in the "Arable Land Protection Law" into executable rules. When illegal occupation of arable land is detected, an evidence chain path is formed from "mobile grid worker → cloud platform → law enforcement unit", and an "infringement evidence package" (including time-stamped remote sensing imagery and soil quality comparison data) is automatically generated through smart contracts and pushed to law enforcement departments. The compensation calculation module automatically calculates the compensation amount based on "infringement area × soil fertility grade coefficient × penalty multiple"; at the same time, the occupation and compensation balance intelligent matching module develops an "ecological restoration potential index" model based on relevant arable land protection clauses. Through the cloud platform and database, based on parameters such as soil organic matter content, slope, and water accessibility, it automatically matches the occupied arable land with the optimal supplementary plot to ensure the triple balance of "quantity-quality-ecology"; S4, blockchain stores farmland restoration data, and the carbon sink measurement module generates carbon sink reports and connects with the carbon trading market to quantify carbon sequestration benefits and increase added value.

[0024] An embodiment of the present invention is utilized in a certain place: Monitoring phase: The smart gateway receives information from ground sensors for several consecutive days indicating that the soil moisture in a certain area is less than 12%. Combined with the drone monitoring module and photos uploaded by the mobile terminal, it detects a 20% drop in vegetation coverage and the presence of cracks on the ground surface. Restoration phase: The cloud platform sends a signal to the 3D printing module to print the bionic sand-fixing structure and begin deployment. The density is 50 per mu based on data comparison. The drone sows alfalfa seeds at a density of 3,000 seeds per mu. At the same time, the amendment is applied at a density of 200 kg per mu. The humidity adjustment module adjusts the soil water holding capacity to 18%. Management stage: The blockchain stores cultivated land restoration data, and the carbon sequestration measurement module generates a carbon sequestration report (carbon sequestration amount 1.2tco / hectare). At the same time, the intelligent matching module for occupation and compensation balance searches for spare land for supplementary plots (such as unused land in a certain place, combined with the data similarity matching degree of 92%).

[0025] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment by any technician familiar with this profession based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation system, characterized by: Includes intelligent monitoring module, ecological restoration module and data management module; The intelligent monitoring module includes a cloud platform, an intelligent gateway, a ground sensor, a monitoring module, and a mobile terminal connected to the remote sensing satellite communication. The cloud platform is connected to the intelligent gateway, and the intelligent gateway is connected to the ground sensor, the monitoring module, and the mobile terminal respectively. The monitoring module is mounted on the drone, and the mobile terminal is provided with several and arranged in different areas. The ecological restoration module includes a 3D printing module, a soil improvement module, and a humidity adjustment module that are connected to the cloud platform. The 3D printing module is used to print a bionic sand-fixing structure based on the data provided by the cloud platform and screened out raw materials suitable for the local area. The soil improvement module includes a sowing device and an amendment spraying device carried by the drone. The sowing device is used to dynamically adjust the sowing density according to the data provided by the cloud platform. The humidity adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the soil humidity according to the detection data provided by the cloud platform. The data management module includes database, compensation calculation module, occupation and compensation balance intelligent matching module, and carbon sink measurement module; The database has an internal execution unit for executing clauses that comply with farmland protection, and at the same time establishes communication with the government construction platform; the compensation calculation module communicates with the cloud platform and the monitoring module, and is used to automatically calculate the amount of compensation when farmland is illegally occupied; the occupation and compensation balance intelligent matching module communicates with the cloud platform, and is used to automatically match and replenish farmland when farmland is illegally occupied; the carbon sink measurement module is used to quantify the carbon sequestration benefits of the ecological restoration module, and establishes communication with the carbon trading market.

2. The multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote sensing satellite is used to obtain land surface temperature data.

3. The multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic control system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ground sensor is a TDR soil moisture meter.

4. The multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is at least one mobile terminal in one area.

5. The multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic control system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bionic sand-fixing structure is a gradient pore structure, and the porosity is distributed in a gradient manner from dense at the top to sparse at the bottom.

6. A multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven method for farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 collects data in real time through remote sensing satellites, ground sensors, smart gateways, and mobile terminals. It also integrates multi-source data based on the cloud platform and historical precipitation distribution to build a "meteorological-soil-vegetation" coupling model to predict soil moisture changes. S2 uses 3D printing modules and raw material screening to prepare biomimetic sand-fixing structures adapted to the local environment. This structure, linked to an intelligent monitoring module and combined with drone cluster seeding and biochar amendment spreading technology, fixes sand and conserves water. It also automatically triggers a humidity adjustment module based on soil moisture thresholds to repair cultivated land. S3: Scientifically manage soil, ensuring the quantity and quality of cultivated land through databases, compensation calculation modules, and intelligent matching modules for occupation and compensation balance, in accordance with relevant provisions on cultivated land protection; S4, blockchain stores farmland restoration data, the carbon sink measurement module generates carbon sink reports and connects with the carbon trading market to quantify carbon sequestration benefits.

7. The method of multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, according to the predicted soil moisture change pattern, a drought risk dynamic level mechanism is introduced to divide the cultivated land into multi-level areas, and differentiated restoration is carried out according to the actual conditions of different areas.

8. The multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the distribution of mobile terminals is implemented in a grid-like manner, with at least one mobile terminal set up in each grid. At the same time, through the operation of grid workers matching the number of mobile terminals, grid workers can upload on-site photos at any time through the mobile terminals and automatically associate monitoring data.

9. The method of multimodal intelligent monitoring-driven farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the soil remediation process is carried out in stages. In the initial stage, bionic sand fixation structure deployment and drone cluster sowing are carried out, in the middle stage, biochar amendment is sown, and in the later stage, the humidity adjustment module automatically triggers remediation according to the soil humidity threshold.

10. The method of farmland ecological restoration and dynamic regulation driven by multimodal intelligent monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the compensation calculation module is used to automatically generate an evidence package through the built-in smart contract when arable land is illegally occupied. The evidence package is sent to the execution unit of the database and automatically pushed to the law enforcement unit. At the same time, it cooperates with the intelligent matching module for occupation and compensation balance to ensure the quantity and quality of arable land.

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