Visual material based on cephalopodocephalus biological skin discoloration mechanism and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a visual material based on a cephalopoda biological skin discoloration mechanism and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to a model based on a head-foot line biological skin discoloration mechanism, which comprises a plurality of model units arranged in an array mode, and each model unit comprises a refraction layer and a pigment information layer; the refraction layer plays a refraction role, and the pigment information layer carries pigment information; the pigment information layer comprises an annular pigment layer, a round hole is formed in the center of the pigment information layer, colors are distributed on the annular pigment layer in a block mode, and a central white cylinder is further arranged at the round hole aligned to the center of the pigment information layer; the top view of an annular pigment layer of the pigment information layer is a circular ring, the circular ring is provided with three pure color blocks which are arranged at intervals, and a mixed transition color block is formed between every two adjacent pure color blocks; the refraction layer is in the shape of a transparent semi-long sphere, the refraction layer covers the whole pigment information layer in the refraction layer and close to the bottom, and the bottom face of the central white cylinder is flush with the bottom of the refraction layer. Based on the model, a full-color 3D printing technology is combined to prepare the cephalopoda biological skin discoloration simulation visual material, and the discoloration efficiency and the impression experience of the visual material are improved.

Description

[0001] Description of the case

[0002] This invention is a divisional application of the parent case with an application date of December 24, 2024, application number 202411909757.2, and the name of the invention being "A visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms and its preparation method." Technical Field

[0003] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and in particular to a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0004] Colors can be divided into structural colors, pigment colors, and combined colors. The mechanisms of these two colors are different, but both can make objects appear specific colors. Structural colors are colors produced by pure physical structures without any pigment factors. Pigment colors are colors produced based on the absorption or diffusion of light by pigments. Combined colors are biological forms that are a combination of pigment colors and structural colors. Among them, structural colors have many advantages that post-pigment colors do not have. Compared with pigment colors that are easily affected by the environment and change, structural colors are usually composed of simple physical structures. As long as their own physical structure is not destroyed, their colors will not diminish. Structural colors not only have high brightness and high saturation, but also usually have an iridescent effect. Structural colors do not rely on chemical substances such as toxic pigments and are more environmentally friendly.

[0005] Currently, the methods for preparing single structural color materials can be categorized according to the optical principles of structural color: ① Multilayer thin film interference, such as iridescent films, titanium alloy anodized films, color-changing pearlescent powders, and electroplated iridescence. ② Grating diffraction, such as laser direct writing, photolithography, and CNC machining. ③ Scattering, such as Mie scattering of Cu2O spheres, for structural color. ④ Polarized light, such as dichroic glass and polarized displays. ⑤ Photonic crystals, such as photonic crystal structural color fibers, photonic crystal structural color fabrics, photonic crystal pigments, and patterned photonic crystals produced by 3D printing. ⑥ Structural color, such as the use of natural biological materials for bonding. Achieving precise color effects in these single structural color materials requires precise control of the material's microstructure and morphology. This requires not only high-precision processing but also extremely stable environmental conditions. Continuous optimization during the preparation process is required to achieve high color consistency and repeatability. This not only requires high-precision equipment but also places extremely high demands on the designer or operator's expertise and practical experience. These factors limit the effective preparation and widespread application of structural color dynamic visual illusion materials, and according to existing technologies, it is difficult to achieve color simulation and color control for specific purposes using currently readily available visual illusion materials.

[0006] Bionic color design, developed based on bionics, primarily studies the exceptional color functions and forms of natural biological systems to mimic color perception and control color information feedback, selectively applying these natural principles to artificial color design. In their paper, "Research on Design Innovation Methods Learning from Nature - Exploring Pathways in Digital Biodesign," Lan Cuiqin, He Shuang, et al. discovered that leopard chameleons change color by actively adjusting the guanine nanocrystal lattice within the iridescent cells of their epidermis and dermis. Based on this insight, researchers can combine a bottom color information layer with an upper transparent crystal layer (which acts as a refraction factor). By adjusting the crystal structure, they can achieve dynamic color changes under the influence of light refraction at different crystal structures.

[0007] The color-changing effect of cephalopod skin has a wonderful visual effect. With the continuous pursuit of quality of life, the simulation materials based on the color-changing effect of cephalopod skin have been increasingly favored and paid attention to in the fields of mobile terminals, automobile production, dynamic billboards, interactive art, clothing manufacturing, etc. At the same time, with the development of voxel 3D printing technology, it has provided the possibility of constructing complex three-dimensional structures, and promoted the further research and application of optical illusion materials. However, how to establish and optimize parameters to obtain a model with the color-changing effect of cephalopod skin is still the first technical problem to be solved. For example, the team of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology previously developed a visual illusion material containing a crystal layer and a pigment information layer, in which the pigment information layer is divided into four quadrants with a cross, and two color blocks of each color (a total of two color blocks - yellow and purple, located in the diagonal quadrants). However, this distribution setting method has certain effect defects, which are specifically manifested as follows: (1) The color-changing performance is weak, and the specific color-changing performance achieved is only the alternation of two colors. (2) The color block boundaries are obvious. When the viewing angle changes horizontally, there will be obvious color faults and visual segmentation. (3) The viewing angle coverage area is limited, which specifically means that relatively complete colors can only be observed at a specific viewing angle and range. When the viewing angle exceeds the effective viewing range (when the viewing angle is close to the top surface and the color boundary), the complete color cannot be fully observed (broken blocks of two colors will be seen at the same time), and there is a large range of visual loopholes.

[0008] In order to effectively solve the above technical problems, the present invention further designs and optimizes the model structure through the abstract extraction of the cell structure of the dermis layer of cephalopods and the color change principle, optimizes and expands the observable range, and improves the color change performance and visual experience of the visual illusion material simulating the skin of cephalopods. Summary of the Invention

[0009] (1) Technical issues to be solved

[0010] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a visual illusion material based on the color change mechanism of cephalopod skin and a preparation method thereof. By constructing a model based on the color change mechanism of cephalopod skin and optimizing the model structure parameters, a model with the optimal cephalopod skin color change simulation effect is obtained. Combined with Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology, a cephalopod skin simulation material is prepared, realizing the simulation of the dynamic color of cephalopod skin from a macroscopic perspective.

[0011] (2) Technical solution

[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods, comprising: a plurality of model units arranged in an array, each model unit comprising a refractive layer and a pigment information layer; the refractive layer refracts incident light, and the pigment information layer carries pigment information;

[0013] The pigment information layer includes an annular pigment layer having a circular hole at its center. Colors are distributed in blocks on the annular pigment layer. A central white cylinder is provided at the circular hole aligned with the center of the pigment information layer. The central white cylinder is located below the annular pigment layer and is spaced apart from the annular pigment layer, or the central white cylinder is provided in the circular hole of the annular pigment layer. The annular pigment layer of the pigment information layer is annular in a top view, and the annular pigment layer is provided with three mutually spaced solid color blocks, with a mixed transition color block formed between two adjacent solid color blocks.

[0014] The refractive layer is a continuous transparent medium in the shape of a hemispheroid with a circular cross-section. The refractive layer entirely covers the pigment information layer within the refractive layer, positioned near the bottom. The bottom surface of the central white cylinder is flush with the bottom of the refractive layer. Preferably, the hemispheroid is half the size of a prolate spheroid. The prolate spheroid is a spheroid formed by rotating around the major axis of an ellipse, where the major axis is twice the height of the refractive layer and the minor axis is the diameter of the base circle.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the circular ring formed by the top view of the annular pigment layer, the inner radius of the circular ring is r, the outer radius of the circular ring is 2.9r-2.95r, and the radius of the central white cylinder is equal to the inner radius of the circular ring, which is r; the bottom radius of the refractive layer is 3r-3.2r, and the height of the refractive layer is 6.35r-6.5r; the height of the central white cylinder is 0.4-0.6r; wherein r = 1 to 1.2 mm.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular pigment layer of the pigment information layer is a planar ring, which is evenly divided into 6 blocks. The first, third and fifth blocks along the circumferential direction are respectively assigned three basic colors, and the second, fourth and sixth blocks are respectively assigned three gradient transition colors, and the transition colors are gradient transition colors of two adjacent basic colors; the thickness of the planar ring is 0.4r-0.6r; a central white cylinder is arranged below the circular hole of the planar ring, the bottom of the central white cylinder is flush with the bottom of the refractive layer, and there is a spacing of 0.25r-0.32r between the top of the central white cylinder and the bottom of the planar ring.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular pigment layer is an open stepped ring structure consisting of three congruent sector rings with an arc of 150-180 degrees connected and adjacent sector rings overlapped end to end, with a height difference of one sector ring thickness between the top sector ring and the bottom sector ring; each sector ring has an equal thickness of 0.9r-1.1r;

[0018] Each sector ring is composed of pigment particles of different sizes. The pigment particles are short cylindrical rods perpendicular to the bottom surface of the refractive layer. The radius of the pigment particles near the circular hole is smaller than that of the pigment particles near the edge of the annular pigment layer. The radius of the pigment particles of each sector ring is larger near the midline, and gradually decreases as it develops to both sides of the midline. The area where two sector rings overlap is randomly mixed with two kinds of mixed pigment particles, and the rest of the area is pure color pigment particles.

[0019] The bottom surfaces of the lower fan ring and the central white cylinder are flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer. Their pure pigment particles are dark brown, the pure pigment particles of the middle fan ring are yellow, and the pure pigment particles of the upper fan ring are red.

[0020] The overlapping part of the lower fan ring and the middle fan ring is a mixture of dark brown and yellow mixed pigment particles, the overlapping part of the middle fan ring and the upper fan ring is a mixture of yellow and red mixed pigment particles; the overlapping part of the upper fan ring and the lower fan ring is a mixture of dark brown and red mixed pigment particles.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular pigment layer is an open stepped ring structure composed of six congruent sector rings with an arc of 60 degrees, with adjacent sector rings arranged upward layer by layer at a thickness of 1 / 2 sector ring, and a height difference of 2 sector ring thicknesses between the top sector ring and the bottom sector ring;

[0022] Counting along the circumferential direction, the first, third and fifth sector rings are respectively assigned three basic colors, and the second, fourth and sixth sector rings are respectively assigned three transition colors, which are mixed transition colors of two adjacent basic colors; the bottom surfaces of the first sector ring and the central white cylinder are flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer; the thickness of each sector ring is equal and is 0.4r-0.6r.

[0023] The above-mentioned "open step ring structure" means that the bottom fan ring and the top fan ring are not connected, and its step ring structure is a non-closed loop mode, which is different from the "closed loop step ring structure" described below.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular pigment layer is a closed-loop stepped ring structure composed of six congruent sector rings with an arc of 60 degrees. The first to fourth sector rings counted along the circumferential direction are arranged upward layer by layer with a thickness of 1 / 2 sector ring, and the fourth to sixth sector rings are arranged downward layer by layer with a thickness of 1 / 2 sector ring, so that the sixth sector ring is connected to the first sector ring in a manner that it is 1 / 2 sector ring thickness higher than the first sector ring; the first, third and fifth sector rings counted along the circumferential direction are respectively assigned three basic colors, and the second, fourth and sixth sector rings are respectively assigned three transition colors, and the transition colors are mixed transition colors of two adjacent basic colors; the bottom surfaces of the first sector ring and the central white cylinder are flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer; the thickness of each sector ring is equal and is 0.4r-0.6r.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular pigment layer is a three-dimensional ring, which is obtained by processing the height difference between two adjacent sector rings in a closed-loop stepped ring structure into a gentle slope, and then further processing it into a continuous and smooth curved surface; the three-dimensional ring is evenly divided into 6 blocks, the first, third and fifth blocks counted along the circumferential direction are respectively assigned three basic colors, the second, fourth and sixth blocks are respectively assigned three gradient transition colors, and the transition colors are gradient transition colors of two adjacent basic colors; an angle is formed between the three-dimensional ring and the bottom surface of the refractive layer; the lowest position of the bottom surface of the three-dimensional ring and the bottom surface of the central white cylinder are flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer, and the thickness of the three-dimensional ring is 0.6r-0.75r.

[0026] The model unit is macroscopic in size, enabling simulation of the color-changing effects of cephalopod skin from a macroscopic perspective. This model unit ensures that the illusory materials used in Stratasys' full-color 3D printing exhibit excellent angular color-changing effects and smooth color rendering. In practical applications, the size of the entire model unit can be scaled from 2.0 mm to several centimeters, as required, while maintaining a thickness of ≥0.4 mm for the pigment information layer and the central white cylinder. However, when the entire model unit is reduced to a base diameter of less than 1.1 mm, the color-changing effect of the illusory material may deteriorate due to insufficient printing precision.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Modeling is performed according to the model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms as described in any of the above embodiments; then, the Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology is used to print and form the pigment information layer with a colored photosensitive polymer material, and the refractive layer with a transparent photosensitive polymer material; after printing is completed, it is cured under UV light to obtain the visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms.

[0029] The refractive index of the transparent photosensitive polymer material is preferably 1.5-1.8.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms, which is prepared using the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0031] (3) Beneficial effects

[0032] The present invention constructs a model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods and combines it with Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology to prepare a visual illusion material that simulates the color change effect of cephalopod skin, thereby realizing the simulation of the color change characteristics of cephalopod skin from a macroscopic perspective.

[0033] The unique convex structure of the refractive layer in the model structure of the present invention effectively amplifies and refracts the light reflected by the color of the pigment information layer. The central white cylinder at the bottom center of the pigment information layer is an abstract biomimetic representation of the white cells in the dermis of cephalopods, which differs significantly from previous model structure designs. The light reflected by this central white cylinder is refracted to effectively appear within a larger area at the top of the crystal. When viewed from a top perspective, the central color block (white cylinder) at the bottom of the refractive layer can be fully observed without interference from other colors, creating a complete color effect. The central white cylinder effectively broadens the effective angular range of the visual illusion material.

[0034] The present invention continuously optimizes the annular pigment layer of the pigment information layer, simplifying the structure of the model unit, reducing the technical difficulty of preparing the visual illusion material, and reducing material costs. The present invention uses photosensitive materials and Stratasys 3D inkjet voxel printing technology for printing, thereby producing a new material that simulates the dynamic color of cephalopod skin using readily available and inexpensive materials.

[0035] Stratasys' 3D inkjet voxel printing technology elevates the two-dimensional "pixel" printing logic to a three-dimensional "voxel" production logic. Using a reciprocating nozzle, a photosensitive resin is applied to a substrate like fabric in the form of an inkjet, which is then cured using UV light, enabling fast and precise, one-piece printing. This technology breaks away from the traditional photosensitive resin immersion printing method and instead employs an additive manufacturing method based on inkjet curing. This allows resins with different material properties to be produced in a single print job, ensuring not only precision and efficiency but also maximum fidelity and color accuracy. Stratasys 3D printers also offer highly transparent resin materials (with a refractive index between 1.5 and 1.8) and a rich library of color materials. These features of Stratasys 3D printing technology provide all the necessary elements and possibilities for the preparation of the novel visual illusion materials described in this invention, and also provide greater scope for model design and deduction.

[0036] The present invention prints within a model unit size range of approximately (3-3.2) mm x (6.35-6.5) mm, eliminating the need for precise control of the material's microstructure and requiring low operational precision. Compared to existing techniques for preparing single structural color materials, the present invention prepares visual illusion materials based on the color-changing mechanism of cephalopod skin without requiring extremely stable environmental conditions. The preparation process is simple and easy to control, with high repeatability and consistency. The present invention's technology can further promote and apply cephalopod skin color-changing simulation materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a model unit in the model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms constructed in Example 1.

[0038] Figure 2 Based on Figure 1 The constructed model was produced using a photo of the visual illusion material using Stratasys full-color 3D printing.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a model unit in the model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms constructed in Example 2.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a model unit in the model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms constructed in Example 3.

[0041] Figure 5 Based on Figure 4 The constructed model was produced using a photo of the visual illusion material using Stratasys full-color 3D printing.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a model unit in the model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms constructed in Example 4.

[0043] Figure 7 Based on Figure 6 The constructed model was produced using a photo of the visual illusion material using Stratasys full-color 3D printing.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a model unit in the model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms constructed in Example 5.

[0045] Figure 9 Based on Figure 8 The constructed model was produced using a photo of the visual illusion material using Stratasys full-color 3D printing.

[0046] Figure 10 This is the effect of slightly lengthening the height of the central white cylinder 22 of the model unit of Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation methods in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] This embodiment constructs a model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods, which is a plurality of model units arranged in an array. Each model unit includes a refractive layer 1 and a pigment information layer 2. The refractive layer 1 refracts incident light, and the pigment information layer 2 is used to carry pigment information.

[0050] like Figure 1Shown are a side view (see Figure a), a top view (see Figure b), and a perspective view (see Figure c) of the model unit of Example 1. The refractive layer 1 is a continuous transparent medium (free of bubbles or voids) used to simulate the transparent cells in chameleon skin, which have unique refractive and reflective properties. The overall shape of the refractive layer 1 is a prolate spheroid (a spheroid whose rotation axis is the major axis of an ellipse, resulting in a prolate spheroid) with a circular cross-section. It resembles a dome, covering the pigment information layer 2 and enveloping the entire pigment information layer 2. The pigment information layer 2 is responsible for providing rich color variations. The refractive layer 1 causes light to undergo specific refraction and reflection as it passes through the refractive layer, creating an optical effect similar to the upper layer of chameleon skin and achieving dynamic color changes. The pigment information layer 2 consists of an annular pigment layer 21 and a central white cylinder 22 aligned with a circular hole 210 in the center of the annular pigment layer 21. When light passes through the upper transparent refractive layer 1 and hits the pigment information layer 2 and is reflected, these colors are mapped out at specific angles, forming a stunning color effect. The refractive index of the refractive layer 1 is between 1.5 and 1.8.

[0051] In this embodiment, the annular pigment layer 21 is configured as a planar annular ring with a circular hole 210 at its center. The annular ring is divided into six sector ring blocks. The first, third, and fifth sectors, counted along the circumference, are each assigned three primary colors, while the second, fourth, and sixth sectors are each assigned three transitional colors. The transitional colors are blends of two adjacent primary colors. In this embodiment, the first, third, and fifth sectors are assigned red, yellow, and black, respectively, while the second, fourth, and sixth sectors are assigned a red-yellow blended transitional color, a yellow-black blended transitional color, and a black-red blended transitional color. The three primary colors of red, yellow, and black correspond to the colors of the three pigment cells in the dermis of cephalopods, respectively. Two adjacent primary colors are then blended to form a transitional color, corresponding to the color mixing effect produced by pigment cells in cephalopods after a change in area. The central white cylinder 22 below the annular pigment layer 21 is a bionic simulation of the white body cells at the bottom of the dermis of cephalopods. Its function is to effectively and comprehensively reflect the light incident from the top (the incident light at an angle of 90±10° to the bottom surface), so that the model can present a better complete color effect when viewed from above.

[0052] The three mixed transition colors formed on the annular pigment layer 21 fundamentally solve the problem of color transition segments (discontinuity of color transition) that occurs in existing visual illusion materials as the viewing angle changes, thereby improving the softness and smoothness of the viewing experience while widening the observation viewing angle range.

[0053] The radius of the circular aperture 210 in the annular pigment layer 21 is r, while the radius of the planar ring is 2.9r-2.95r, and the thickness is 0.4-0.6r. The radius of the central white cylinder 22 is equal to that of the circular aperture 210, and its height is 0.4-0.6r. The base radius of the refractive layer 1 is larger than that of the annular pigment layer 21, which can be set to 3-3.2r, and is larger than the outer radius of the annular pigment layer 21. The height of the refractive layer 1 is 6.35r-6.5r, thereby conveniently enclosing the entire annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 within its bottom surface. The bottom of the central white cylinder 22 is flush with the bottom of the refractive layer 1, and there is a gap of 0.25-0.32r between its top surface and the planar ring. This central white cylinder 22 effectively blocks and integrates the pigment color on the planar ring when the viewing angle changes. In this embodiment, when observed from a top perspective, the annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 do not block each other, and the annular pigment layer 21 and the colored fan-shaped blocks on its surface 6 and the central white cylinder 22 can be seen.

[0054] The distance between the top surface of the central white cylinder 22 and the flat circular ring allows the surrounding annular pigment layers 21 to surround the central white cylinder 22 and form a three-dimensional stacked structure with a certain height difference. This height difference causes the annular pigment layers 21 with rich colors to stack and block the central white cylinder 22 in the center, which helps to reduce the confusing visual effect caused by seeing the central white cylinder 22 in the center when observing from the side, and improves the complete sensory experience of visual observation.

[0055] When incident light enters the image, it is transmitted and refracted by the upper transparent refractive layer 1 before reaching the different sectors of the pigment information layer 2 below. The pigment information layer 2 absorbs and reflects the incident light according to the color selected. The reflected light is then reflected back through the refractive layer 1, creating a visual representation of the color. The specific structure of the above-mentioned model units, combined with variations in their array, can create a variety of fascinating visual effects. The refractive index and shape of the refractive layer 1, as well as the arrangement of the different colored sectors within the pigment information layer 2, directly influence the visual effect.

[0056] The structure of the model unit in the model of this embodiment is the best simulation effect of the skin color change of cephalopod creatures in various embodiments after experimental comparison. It is the most streamlined model structure that is easiest to prepare using new materials through voxel 3D printing and saves material costs.

[0057] The radius r of the circular hole 210 of the annular pigment layer 21 can be 0.95 to 1.1 mm. When r = 1 mm, the outer radius of the annular pigment layer 21 is 2.95 mm, the thickness of the planar annulus is 0.5 mm, the radius of the central white cylinder 22 is 1 mm, and the height is 0.5 mm. There is a height gap of 0.25 mm between the top surface of the central white cylinder 22 and the bottom surface of the planar annulus. The bottom radius of the refractive layer 1 is 3.0 mm, and the height is 6.35 mm. Since the refractive layer 1 is a semi-prolongated sphere (i.e., a prolongated sphere is a spheroid formed by rotating the major axis of an ellipse), the major axis of the ellipse is 12.7 mm (6.35 mm × 2), and the minor axis is 6.0 mm (3.0 mm × 2).

[0058] According to the above specifications, the model units were constructed and arrayed to obtain a model for preparing the visual illusion material. The Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology was used to print the annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 in the pigment information layer 2 with a colored photosensitive polymer material, and the refractive layer 1 was printed with a transparent photosensitive polymer material with a refractive index of 1.56. After the 3D printing was completed, it was irradiated under 500W UV light for 3 minutes to cure and set, and the visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods was obtained. The physical photo of the prepared visual illusion material is shown in the figure. Figure 2 shown.

[0059] The visual illusion material prepared by the model of Example 1 has a delicate and wide color range and smooth color transition performance: when the viewing angle changes in the horizontal direction, the observed color also changes delicately. Figure 2 In (a), (b), and (c), observations are made at three different angles of the model unit array, with a 50° longitudinal inclination (the angle between the line of sight and the horizontal line) as the viewing angle. Different color changes can be seen at different viewing angles. (d) shows the visual effect when the longitudinal inclination of the viewing angle is 90° (i.e., a top-down perspective). The color of the model units changes to white (all displaying the color of the central white cylinder). Compared with other embodiments, the model designed in this embodiment is the most streamlined model structure for preparing illusory materials and achieving illusory effects, with the characteristics of saving material costs and the most delicate color rendering.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The model constructed in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1. The main difference is that the pigment information layer 2 still includes an annular pigment layer 21 and a central white cylinder 22. The difference is that Figure 3The side view (see Figure a), top view (see Figure b), and perspective view (see Figure c) of the model unit of Example 2 are shown. In this embodiment, the annular pigment layer 21 is an open stepped ring structure composed of three congruent sector rings with arcs of 150-180 degrees, connected together and with adjacent sector rings overlapping end to end. Between the top sector ring 213 and the bottom sector ring 211 is an intermediate sector ring 212. Each sector ring is horizontally arranged with an equal thickness of 0.9r-1.1r. The horizontal heights of the three sector rings 211, 212, and 213 increase in increments of one sector ring thickness. The arcs of the three sector rings 211, 212, and 213 are each 180 degrees, with each end overlapping by 60 degrees, and the remaining unoverlapped arc also being 60 degrees. This divides the entire stepped ring structure into six sector ring blocks.

[0062] The three sector rings 211, 212, and 213 are each composed of pigment particles of varying sizes. These pigment particles are essentially cylindrical rods perpendicular to the base of the refractive layer. The radius of the pigment particles near the circular hole 210 is smaller, while the radius of the pigment particles near the edge of the annular pigment layer 21 is larger. The radius of the pigment particles in each sector ring is larger near the midline and gradually decreases as it extends to either side of the midline. The overlapping area between two adjacent sector rings contains a random mixture of two different pigment particles, while the remaining areas contain pure pigment particles.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, the bottom surfaces of the lower sector ring 211 and the central white cylinder 22 are both flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer 1. Their pure pigment particles are dark brown, the pure pigment particles of the middle sector ring 212 are yellow, and the pure pigment particles of the upper sector ring 213 are red. The overlapping portion of the lower sector ring 211 and the middle sector ring 212 contains a mixture of dark brown and yellow pigment particles, the overlapping portion of the middle sector ring 212 and the upper sector ring 213 contains a mixture of yellow and red pigment particles, and the overlapping portion of the upper sector ring 213 and the lower sector ring 211 contains a mixture of dark brown and red pigment particles. The dark brown pigment particles, the dark brown and yellow pigment particles, the yellow pigment particles, the yellow and red pigment particles, the red pigment particles, and the dark brown and red pigment particles each occupy a 60-degree arc in the annular pigment layer 21.

[0064] This embodiment provides a relatively intuitive simulation of the color change mechanism of cephalopod skin. The three layers of fan rings 211, 212, and 213 are constructed based on the three layers of pigment cells in the skin of cephalopods, and the three pure-color pigment granules simulate the corresponding colors of the pigment cells in cephalopods. Because the heights of the three fan rings 211, 212, and 213 are stepped in increments of one fan ring thickness, the height difference between the three fan rings results in different occlusion effects on the central white cylinder 22, helping to cleverly adjust the visible area of ​​the central white cylinder 22. The pigment granules of different radii within each of the three fan rings 211, 212, and 213 simulate the state of the pigment cells in the skin of cephalopods during the color change process. In this embodiment, the pigment granules with larger radii simulate the stretched state of the pigment cells in the skin of cephalopods, while the pigment granules with smaller radii simulate the compressed state of the pigment cells in the skin of cephalopods. At the same time, the two pigment particles intermingle at the overlapping areas, simulating the color mixing effect of pigment cells. The irregular and random mixing of pigment particles of different colors creates a natural color mixing effect at the macro level. Due to the inkjet principle of inkjet voxel 3D printing technology, the natural color mixing during the preparation of the illusion material creates a macroscopic visual effect of six color blocks.

[0065] According to the above-mentioned dimensions of r = 1 mm and the thickness of the three fan rings of 1 mm, the model units were constructed and arrayed to obtain a model for preparing the visual illusion material. Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology was used to print the annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 in the pigment information layer 2 with a colored photosensitive polymer material, and the refractive layer 1 was printed with a transparent photosensitive polymer material with a refractive index of 1.56. After 3D printing was completed, the material was irradiated under 500W UV light for 3 minutes to cure and set, thereby obtaining a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms.

[0066] The physical photograph of the illusory material prepared using the model of Example 2 shows similar effects to those of Example 5, with clearer color transitions and more obvious stage-by-stage changes.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] The model constructed in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1. The main difference is that the pigment information layer 2 still includes an annular pigment layer 21 and a central white cylinder 22. The difference is that Figure 4The side view (see Figure a), top view (see Figure b), and stereoscopic view (see Figure c) of the model unit of Example 3 are shown. In this embodiment, the annular pigment layer 21 is an open stepped ring structure composed of six congruent sector rings with an arc of 60 degrees. Adjacent sector rings are arranged upward in layers with a height of 1 / 2 sector ring thickness (i.e., 0.25r). There is a height difference of 2 sector ring thicknesses (1.0r) between the topmost sector ring and the bottommost sector ring. The first, third, and fifth sector rings along the circumferential direction are respectively assigned three basic colors, and the second, fourth, and sixth sector rings are respectively assigned three transition colors. The transition colors are transition colors that are mixed transition colors of two adjacent basic colors. For example, in this embodiment, the first, third, and fifth sector rings are respectively assigned dark brown, yellow, and red, and the second, fourth, and sixth sector rings are respectively assigned khaki, orange, and dark red. The bottom surfaces of the first sector ring and the central white cylinder are both flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer. The radius of the circular hole 210 of the annular pigment layer 21 is r, the outer radius of the annular pigment layer 21 is 2.95r, and the thickness of each sector ring is equal, which is 0.5r. Among them, r is preferably 1.0 mm.

[0069] This embodiment is a secondary abstraction and refinement based on Example 2. The annular pigment layer 21 has a six-layer fan-ring structure, each of which is assigned three primary colors and three mixed transition colors. The primary colors are designed based on the three layers of pigment cells in the skin of cephalopods, and the mixed transition colors are the fusion effect of adjacent primary colors. The color settings of the six color blocks are very similar to the macroscopic visual effect of the six color blocks presented in Example 2. In this embodiment, the six fan-rings of the annular pigment layer 21 do not obstruct each other and the central white cylinder, and all parts of the pigment information layer 2 can be seen from the top.

[0070] An array was formed according to the above-mentioned model units to obtain a model for preparing a visual illusion material. Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology was used to print the annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 in the pigment information layer 2 with a colored photosensitive polymer material, and the refractive layer 1 was printed with a transparent photosensitive polymer material with a refractive index of 1.56. After 3D printing, it was irradiated under 500W UV light for 3 minutes to cure and set, obtaining a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods. The physical photo of the prepared visual illusion material is shown in the figure. Figure 5 shown.

[0071] The visual illusion material prepared by the model of Example 3 has a relatively detailed and clear color range, and a clear color transition performance: when the viewing angle changes in the horizontal direction, the observed color also undergoes a clear stage-by-stage change. Figure 5(a), (b), and (c) are all observed at the diagonal angle of the model unit array, and the observation angle is 50° (the angle between the observation line and the horizontal line). Different color changes can be seen in different observation directions; when the observation angle is 90° (vertical top view), the observed color changes to white (the color of the central white cylinder), and the actual effect is the same as that of the above embodiment 1. Figure 2 The effect of (d) is basically the same.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] The model constructed in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1. The main difference is that the pigment information layer 2 still includes an annular pigment layer 21 and a central white cylinder 22. The difference is that Figure 6 The side view (see Figure a), top view (see Figure b), and perspective view (see Figure c) of the model unit of Example 4 are shown. In this embodiment, the annular pigment layer 21 is a closed stepped ring structure composed of six congruent sectors with a 60-degree arc. The first through fourth sectors, counted along the circumference, are arranged upwards in layers at 1 / 2 sector thickness. However, the fourth through sixth sectors, counted along the circumference, are arranged downwards in layers at 1 / 2 sector thickness, with the sixth sector being 1 / 2 sector thickness higher than the first, and its trailing end connecting to the leading end of the first.

[0074] The first, third, and fifth sector rings along the circumferential direction are respectively assigned three basic colors, and the second, fourth, and sixth sector rings are respectively assigned three transition colors, where the transition colors are mixed transition colors of two adjacent basic colors. For example, in this embodiment, the first, third, and fifth sector rings are respectively assigned dark brown, yellow, and red, and the second, fourth, and sixth sector rings are respectively assigned khaki, orange, and dark red. The bottom surfaces of the first sector ring and the central white cylinder are flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer. The radius of the circular hole 210 of the annular pigment layer 21 is r, and the outer radius of the annular pigment layer 21 is 2.95r. The thickness of each sector ring is equal, which is 0.5r. Among them, r is preferably 1.0 mm.

[0075] This embodiment is an improved model after structural optimization based on Example 3. The annular pigment layer 21 has a 6-layer fan-ring structure, and these fan-rings are respectively given three basic colors and three mixed transition colors. The basic colors are designed accordingly based on the three layers of pigment cells in the skin of cephalopods, and the mixed transition colors are the fusion effect of adjacent basic colors. Unlike Example 2 or Example 3, the annular pigment layer 21 in this embodiment is a closed-loop structure. Therefore, compared with Example 3, this embodiment can increase visual continuity, and the visual perception is not affected while making the overall module shape more beautiful. In this embodiment, all parts of the pigment information layer 2 can be seen by observing from the top surface.

[0076] An array was formed according to the above-mentioned model units to obtain a model for preparing a visual illusion material. Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology was used to print the annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 in the pigment information layer 2 with a colored photosensitive polymer material, and the refractive layer 1 was printed with a transparent photosensitive polymer material with a refractive index of 1.56. After 3D printing, it was irradiated under 500W UV light for 3 minutes to cure and set, obtaining a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods. The physical photo of the prepared visual illusion material is shown in the figure. Figure 7 shown.

[0077] The visual illusion material prepared according to the model of Example 4 has a more detailed and clear color range and clear color transition performance, and the color change performance is very close to that of Example 3. Figure 7 (a), (b), and (c) are all observed at the diagonal angle of the model unit array, and the observation angle is 50° longitudinally. It can be seen that different color changes can be observed at different observation angles; when the observation angle is 90° longitudinally (vertical top view), the observed color changes to white (the color of the central white cylinder), and the actual effect is the same as that of the above embodiment 1. Figure 2 The effect of (d) is consistent.

[0078] Example 5

[0079] The model constructed in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1. The main difference is that the pigment information layer 2 still includes an annular pigment layer 21 and a central white cylinder 22. The difference is that, as shown in the side view (see Figure a), top view (see Figure b) and stereoscopic view (see Figure c) of the model unit of Example 5 in Figure 8, the annular pigment layer 21 in this embodiment is a three-dimensional ring, which is obtained by processing the height difference between two adjacent sector rings in the closed-loop stepped ring structure of the annular pigment layer 21 in Example 4 into a gentle slope, and then further processing it into a continuous and smooth curved surface. An angle is formed between the three-dimensional ring and the bottom surface of the refractive layer, but the surface of the three-dimensional ring is not a standard inclined surface. Among them, the lowest position of the bottom surface of the three-dimensional ring and the bottom surface of the central white cylinder are flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer. The thickness of the three-dimensional ring is 0.6r-0.75r, r is preferably 1mm, and the thickness of the three-dimensional ring is preferably 0.6mm.

[0080] This embodiment is an improved model after structural optimization based on Example 4. Unlike Example 4, this embodiment improves the closed-loop stepped ring structure of the annular pigment layer 21 in Example 4 into a smooth curved surface, which can be considered as an abstract refinement of the "closed-loop stepped ring structure."

[0081] This embodiment differs from Examples 2-4 in that Examples 1 and this embodiment fill in a gradient transition color between the two base colors. In this embodiment, the three-dimensional ring is divided into six equal sections, which are arranged in sequence: red, a red-yellow gradient transition color, yellow, a yellow-black gradient transition color, black, and a black-red gradient transition color. This minimizes the sense of segmentation and unsmoothness of color transitions, allowing the visual illusion material prepared according to the model to experience a smooth and continuous color transition as the viewing angle changes. Furthermore, similar to Example 1, the integrity of the pigment information layer 2 improves the appearance of the model while reducing the technical difficulty of preparing the angular color-shifting material and reducing material consumption.

[0082] An array was formed according to the above-mentioned model units to obtain a model for preparing a visual illusion material. Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology was used to print the annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 in the pigment information layer 2 with a colored photosensitive polymer material, and the refractive layer 1 was printed with a transparent photosensitive polymer material with a refractive index of 1.56. After 3D printing, it was irradiated under 500W UV light for 3 minutes to cure and set, obtaining a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods. The physical photo of the prepared visual illusion material is shown in the figure. Figure 9 shown.

[0083] The visual illusion material prepared by the model of Example 5 has a delicate and wide color range and smooth color transition performance. The color change performance is very close to that of Example 1, and the purity of yellow and red is the best. Figure 9 As shown in (a), (b), and (c), the observation is made at the diagonal angle of the model unit array, and the observation angle is 50° longitudinally. It can be seen that the observation vision is different and different color changes are observed. When the observation angle is 90° longitudinally (vertical top view), the observed color changes to white (the color of the central white cylinder). The actual effect is the same as that of the above embodiment 1. Figure 2 The effect of (d) is consistent.

[0084] In summary, unlike existing cephalopod skin models, the present invention's illusory material model incorporates a prolate spheroidal refractive layer with a smooth curvature profile. Furthermore, the structure of the pigment information layer is optimized, with the addition of neutral white cylinders. Based on model construction and verification with a ray tracing rendering engine, the present invention's model unit enables the material to achieve excellent illusory color-changing effects. Each embodiment effectively simulates the color-changing effects of cephalopod skin, effectively resolving issues with the visual perception of illusory materials and extending the hue scale range of color changes.

[0085] Among them, by changing the observation angle, Examples 3-4 can achieve switching between 6 colors; and the three-dimensional rings, pigment particle aggregation rings and flat rings of Examples 1, 2 and 5 have softer color visual transitions and no visual perception of broken color blocks, achieving a more detailed and rich color change effect. The actual effect is that the naked eye can observe a natural transition color change effect between 8 to 10 colors (theoretically countless colors).

[0086] Furthermore, the proposed solution significantly expands the viewing angle range of illusory materials. This allows illusory materials that simulate the color change effect of cephalopod skin to achieve the function of displaying complete colors from a top-view perspective, which is not possible with existing similar illusory materials. Furthermore, the present invention expands the angular range within which colors can be fully observed, with an overall viewing angle expansion rate of approximately 40%.

[0087] The present invention provides a model based on the color change mechanism of the skin of cephalopods and a method for preparing a visual illusion material based on the model. When the curvature, height, radius, etc. of the refractive layer 1 are similar to but not completely consistent with those in the above-mentioned embodiments, the color change effect of the prepared visual illusion material will be weakened but a less complete color change effect can still be achieved. The type and quantity of the pigments imparted to the annular pigment layer 21 can be replaced to obtain different color change effects; and the thickness, radius, number of three-dimensionally distributed layers, and stacking method of the annular pigment layer 21 can be slightly adjusted to achieve similar color change effects. The central white cylinder 22 at the bottom of the pigment information layer 2 is also variable, and the central white cylinder 22 includes a small adjustment of the radius, thickness, and longitudinal position; for example, when the position of the central white cylinder 22 is displaced up and down by a short distance or the height is slightly elongated (such as Figure 10 (As shown), the visual illusion color change effect will produce subtle changes, but generally a similar visual illusion effect can still be achieved. Examples 3-5 of the present invention are all models obtained by the inventors after optimization processing. The models of these embodiments place the bottom layer of the annular pigment layer 21 and the central white cylinder 22 on the same layer. This achieves a clear and distinct top visual effect while improving the simplicity of the design, thereby achieving technical benefits such as reducing production difficulty and material consumption during the production process.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements, or when the technical features in the above embodiments do not conflict with each other, can be combined in the manner described in the embodiments, and these modifications, replacements or combinations do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A model based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods, characterized in that: include: A plurality of model units arranged in an array, each model unit comprising a refractive layer and a pigment information layer; The refractive layer refracts the incident light, and the pigment information layer carries the pigment information; The pigment information layer includes an annular pigment layer having a circular hole at its center. Colors are distributed in blocks on the annular pigment layer. A central white cylinder is provided at the circular hole aligned with the center of the pigment information layer. The central white cylinder is located below the annular pigment layer and is spaced apart from the annular pigment layer, or the central white cylinder is provided in the circular hole of the annular pigment layer. The annular pigment layer of the pigment information layer is a circular ring in top view, and the circular ring is provided with three mutually spaced pure color blocks, and a mixed transition color block is formed between two adjacent pure color blocks; The refractive layer is a continuous transparent medium in the shape of a semi-prolongated sphere with a circular cross section. The refractive layer entirely covers the pigment information layer within the refractive layer and is located near the bottom. The bottom surface of the central white cylinder is flush with the bottom of the refractive layer. In the circle formed by the top view of the annular pigment layer, the inner radius of the circle is r, the outer radius of the circle is 2.9r-2.95r, and the radius of the central white cylinder is equal to the inner radius of the circle, which is r; the bottom radius of the refractive layer is 3r-3.2r, and the height of the refractive layer is 6.35r-6.5r; the height of the central white cylinder is 0.4-0.6r; where r = 1 to 1.2 mm; The annular pigment layer is an open stepped ring structure consisting of three congruent sector rings with an arc of 150-180 degrees connected and adjacent sector rings overlapped end to end, with a height difference of one sector ring thickness between the top sector ring and the bottom sector ring; the thickness of each sector ring is equal and ranges from 0.9r to 1.1r; Each sector ring is composed of pigment particles of different sizes. The pigment particles are short cylindrical rods perpendicular to the bottom surface of the refractive layer. The radius of the pigment particles near the circular hole is smaller than that of the pigment particles near the edge of the annular pigment layer. The radius of the pigment particles of each sector ring is larger near the midline, and gradually decreases as it develops to both sides of the midline. The area where two sector rings overlap is randomly mixed with two kinds of mixed pigment particles, and the rest of the area is pure color pigment particles. The bottom surfaces of the lower fan ring and the central white cylinder are flush with the bottom surface of the refractive layer. The pure pigment particles of the lower fan ring are dark brown, the pure pigment particles of the middle fan ring are yellow, and the pure pigment particles of the upper fan ring are red. The overlapping part of the lower fan ring and the middle fan ring is a mixture of dark brown and yellow mixed pigment particles, the overlapping part of the middle fan ring and the upper fan ring is a mixture of yellow and red mixed pigment particles; the overlapping part of the upper fan ring and the lower fan ring is a mixture of dark brown and red mixed pigment particles.

2. A method for preparing a visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms, characterized in that: include: Modeling is performed according to the model based on the skin discoloration mechanism of cephalopod organisms according to claim 1; Then, using Stratasys full-color 3D printing technology, the pigment information layer is printed with a colored photosensitive polymer material, and the refractive layer is printed with a transparent photosensitive polymer material; After printing is completed, it is cured under UV light to obtain the visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopod organisms.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that The refractive index of the transparent photopolymer material is 1.5-1.

8.

4. A visual illusion material based on the skin color change mechanism of cephalopods, characterized in that: The preparation method is as claimed in claim 2 or 3.

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