Horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common-aperture antenna based on mode composite transmission structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common-aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure, and the antenna is characterized in that a microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure is arranged on the lower surface of a dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the mode composite transmission structure is divided into two independent microstrip metal strips which are not electrically connected; therefore, the antenna works as a monopole antenna with a horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristic in a microwave frequency band; a first millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and a second millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure in an array form are formed by a plurality of pairs of miniaturized dipole antenna units which are symmetrically distributed by taking a mode composite transmission structure as an axis, so that a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern can be formed; therefore, the antenna array works as a series-fed dipole antenna array with a horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristic in a millimeter wave frequency band; therefore, the horizontal omni-directional microwave millimeter wave common-aperture antenna is realized, and the antenna has a good horizontal omni-directional coverage effect. The antenna is widely applied to the technical field of antennas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure. Background Art

[0002] The coordinated application of microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands is one of the development trends of next-generation mobile communication technology. Antennas, as a key component of the RF front-end, also need to be able to work collaboratively in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands. Microwave-millimeter wave high-frequency ratio co-aperture antennas can be efficiently implemented through structural multiplexing. To overcome the inherent disadvantage of high path loss in the millimeter wave band, current microwave-millimeter wave co-aperture antenna technologies often use high-gain pencil beams in the millimeter wave band. Although this technology improves gain, the beam coverage is limited and cannot meet the needs of application scenarios such as round-table meetings that require omnidirectional horizontal coverage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems of the current microwave and millimeter wave co-aperture antenna, such as the small beam coverage range, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave co-aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure.

[0004] On the one hand, embodiments of the present invention include

[0005] dielectric substrate;

[0006] A grounded coplanar waveguide structure; the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate;

[0007] A first mode composite transmission structure; the first mode composite transmission structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, one end of the first mode composite transmission structure is connected to the grounded coplanar waveguide structure, and the other end is open;

[0008] A metal bottom layer; the metal bottom layer is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is connected to the metal bottom layer through a metallized via in the dielectric substrate;

[0009] a second-mode composite transmission structure; the second-mode composite transmission structure is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, one end of the second-mode composite transmission structure is connected to the metal bottom layer, and the other end is open; the second-mode composite transmission structure is provided with a microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure, the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure dividing the second-mode composite transmission structure into two parts that are not electrically connected in the overall extension direction;

[0010] a first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure; the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the first mode composite transmission structure;

[0011] A second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure; the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the second mode composite transmission structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure includes a plurality of microstrip patches, each of the microstrip patches is parallel to each other and has no direct electrical connection with each other;

[0013] A portion of the microstrip patches is connected to a portion of the second-mode composite transmission structure, and another portion of the microstrip patches is connected to another portion of the second-mode composite transmission structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the first mode composite transmission structure and the second mode composite transmission structure respectively include a coarse microstrip transmission line and a plurality of open branches;

[0015] The open branches in the same mode composite transmission structure are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the thick microstrip transmission line and are respectively connected to the thick microstrip transmission line;

[0016] The thick microstrip transmission line in the second-mode composite transmission structure is divided into two parts without electrical connection by the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure.

[0017] Furthermore, the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure respectively include a plurality of dipole antennas;

[0018] The dipole antennas in the same millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the coarse microstrip transmission line located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate, and are respectively connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line;

[0019] At least part of the dipole antenna is located between two open-circuit branches on the same side of the thick microstrip transmission line.

[0020] Furthermore, any two dipole antennas symmetrical about the coarse microstrip transmission line in the same millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure constitute a corresponding omnidirectional radiation antenna unit;

[0021] The distance between any two adjacent omnidirectional radiation antenna units in the same millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is equal to one quarter of the operating wavelength.

[0022] Furthermore, the dipole antenna includes a feeding structure and a curved fine microstrip line, the feeding structure extends vertically toward the outside of the coarse microstrip transmission line, one end of the feeding structure is connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line, and the other end is connected to the fine microstrip line, and the overall extension direction of the fine microstrip line is parallel to the coarse microstrip transmission line.

[0023] Furthermore, the overall extension direction of the two fine strip lines in the same omnidirectional radiation antenna unit is the same;

[0024] In any two adjacent omnidirectional radiation antenna units, the overall extension directions of the two fine microstrip lines located on the same side of the thick microstrip transmission line are opposite.

[0025] Furthermore, the length of the fine strip line is equal to one quarter of the operating wavelength;

[0026] The length of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is equal to half of the operating wavelength;

[0027] The length of the metal bottom layer is equal to half of the working wavelength;

[0028] The length of the open-circuit branch is equal to one quarter of the working wavelength.

[0029] Furthermore, for any plane parallel to the dielectric substrate:

[0030] The plane projection of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure coincides with the plane projection of the metal bottom layer;

[0031] The plane projection of the first-mode composite transmission structure coincides with the plane projection of the second-mode composite transmission structure;

[0032] The plane projection of each of the dipole antennas located on one side of the dielectric substrate is staggered from the plane projection of each of the dipole antennas located on the other side of the dielectric substrate.

[0033] Furthermore, the grounded coplanar waveguide structure, the metal bottom layer, the first mode composite transmission structure, the second mode composite transmission structure, the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure, and the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure are respectively fixed on the dielectric substrate by a microstrip process;

[0034] The dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 5880 material, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure in the embodiment, by setting a microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure at an appropriate position on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the lower surface of the mode composite transmission structure is divided into two independent microstrip metal strips without electrical connection, thereby working as a monopole antenna with horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the microwave frequency band; by forming a first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and a second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure in array form through multiple pairs of miniaturized dipole antenna units symmetrically distributed with the mode composite transmission structure as the axis, a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern can be formed, thereby working as a series-fed dipole antenna array with horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the millimeter-wave frequency band; therefore, the horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure in the embodiment realizes operation in the form of a monopole antenna in the microwave frequency band and in the form of a series-fed dipole antenna array in the millimeter-wave frequency band, and both have horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristics, thereby realizing a horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna with good horizontal omnidirectional coverage effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 For Figure 1 Schematic diagram after marking the internal structure;

[0038] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a grounded coplanar waveguide structure and an adjacent omnidirectional radiating antenna unit (including two dipole antennas) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 For Figure 3 Schematic diagram after marking the internal structure;

[0040] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a microstrip interdigital capacitor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 For Figure 5 Schematic diagram after marking the internal structure;

[0042] Figure 7 A comparison diagram of the simulated and measured reflection coefficients of an embodiment of the present invention in the microwave frequency band;

[0043] Figure 8 A comparison diagram of the simulated and measured gain curves and gain fluctuation curves of an embodiment of the present invention in the microwave frequency band;

[0044] Figure 9A comparison diagram of the simulated and measured E-plane radiation patterns of an embodiment of the present invention in the microwave frequency band;

[0045] Figure 10 A comparison diagram of the simulated and measured H-plane radiation patterns of an embodiment of the present invention in the microwave frequency band;

[0046] Figure 11 A comparison chart of the simulated and measured reflection coefficients of an embodiment of the present invention in the millimeter wave frequency band;

[0047] Figure 12 A comparison diagram of the simulated and measured gain curves and gain fluctuation curves of an embodiment of the present invention in the millimeter wave frequency band;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a comparison diagram of the simulated and measured E-plane radiation patterns of an embodiment of the present invention in the millimeter wave frequency band;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a comparison diagram of the simulated and measured H-plane radiation patterns of an embodiment of the present invention in the millimeter wave frequency band. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In this embodiment, a horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on a mode-combined transmission structure is provided. This antenna includes a dielectric substrate, which is a rectangular thin plate with a length of l1 + l2 and a width of w1, and has an upper surface and a lower surface. The terms "upper surface" and "lower surface" are relative. When using the antenna, the upper surface of the dielectric substrate can face either upward or downward, and similarly, the lower surface of the dielectric substrate can face either upward or downward.

[0051] In this embodiment, a grounded coplanar waveguide structure, a metal substrate, a first-mode composite transmission structure, a second-mode composite transmission structure, a first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiating structure, and a second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiating structure are fabricated on the upper and lower surfaces of a dielectric substrate using a microstrip process. These structures are all microstrip line structures. Specifically, the above structures can be formed by printing a good conductor such as gold, silver, or copper onto a PCB (serving as a dielectric substrate) using a PCB printing process. The dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 5880 material with a thickness of 1.016 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2.

[0052] In this embodiment, metallized vias are formed at positions on the dielectric substrate corresponding to the grounded coplanar waveguide structure and the metal bottom layer, and the grounded coplanar waveguide structure and the metal bottom layer are electrically connected through the metallized vias. No metallized vias or other structures are formed at other positions on the dielectric substrate, so that there is no direct electrical connection between the structure on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (including the first-mode composite transmission structure and the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure) and the structure on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (including the second-mode composite transmission structure and the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure).

[0053] In this embodiment, the overall structure of the horizontal omnidirectional microwave millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure is as follows: Figure 1 Specifically, looking toward the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, its structure is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the left part of the figure; looking towards the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, its structure is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the right part of .

[0054] In this embodiment, Figure 1 Mark the various components in the Figure 2 .in, Figure 2 The left part corresponds to Figure 1 The left part of Figure 2 The right part corresponds to Figure 1 The right part of .

[0055] Reference Figure 2 In the left part, the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a grounded coplanar waveguide structure, a first mode composite transmission structure and a first millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure.

[0056] The first-mode composite transmission structure includes a coarse microstrip transmission line and multiple open branches. The open branches are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the coarse microstrip transmission line and are respectively connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line. Each open branch has a length s1 and a width s2. The spacing between any two adjacent open branches is s3, where s1 is one-quarter of the millimeter-wave operating wavelength.

[0057] In this embodiment, the thick microstrip transmission line is relative to the fine microstrip line in the feeding structure. Specifically, the width of the thick microstrip transmission line is greater than that of the fine microstrip line.

[0058] Reference Figure 2 The left part of the first mode composite transmission structure (located at Figure 2 The lower end of the waveguide is connected to the grounded coplanar waveguide structure, and the other end (located at Figure 2 The upper end in the middle is open, thereby forming an open end.

[0059] Reference Figure 2 In the left part, the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is connected to the first mode composite transmission structure.

[0060] Specifically, the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure includes multiple dipole antennas. The dipole antennas in the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the coarse microstrip transmission line (that is, the coarse microstrip transmission line in the first mode composite transmission structure) located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate, and are respectively connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line.

[0061] For example, Figure 2 In the left part, the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure includes 16 dipole antennas.

[0062] Reference Figure 2 In the left part, except for the two dipole antennas closest to the grounded coplanar waveguide structure and the two dipole antennas closest to the open end, each dipole antenna in the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is located between two open-circuit branches on the same side of the coarse microstrip transmission line in the first-mode composite transmission structure.

[0063] In this embodiment, the internal structures of the various dipole antennas (including the dipole antennas in the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and the dipole antennas in the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure) are the same, but may differ in orientation.

[0064] For example, taking the two dipole antennas closest to the grounded coplanar waveguide structure in the first millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure as an example, the internal structures of the two dipole antennas and the internal structure of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure are as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 Mark the various components in the Figure 4 .

[0065] Reference Figure 4 Each dipole antenna includes a feeding structure and a curved fine microstrip line, wherein the feeding structure extends vertically to the outside of the coarse microstrip transmission line, one end of the feeding structure is connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line, and the other end is connected to the fine microstrip line, and the overall extension direction of the fine microstrip line is parallel to the coarse microstrip transmission line.

[0066] Reference Figure 4 In the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure, any two dipole antennas that are symmetrical about the coarse microstrip transmission line constitute a corresponding omnidirectional radiation antenna unit. Figure 2Since the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure includes a total of 16 dipole antennas, 8 omnidirectional radiation antenna units in the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure are constituted.

[0067] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The grounded coplanar waveguide structure is provided with a first port. The first port is connected to an external signal transmission circuit and is also the only externally connected port in the horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure of this embodiment.

[0068] Next, the structure of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate will be described.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 In the right part of the figure, the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal bottom layer with a length of l3 and a width of w1. The structure of the second mode composite transmission structure is the same as that of the first mode composite transmission structure. Specifically, one end of the second mode composite transmission structure (located at Figure 2 The lower end of the metal is connected to the bottom of the metal, and the other end (located at Figure 2 The second mode composite transmission structure also includes a thick microstrip transmission line and a plurality of open branches.

[0070] Reference Figure 2 In the right part, the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is connected to the second mode composite transmission structure.

[0071] The structure of the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiating structure is similar to that of the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiating structure. Specifically, the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiating structure also includes multiple dipole antennas. Each dipole antenna in the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiating structure is symmetrically distributed on both sides of a coarse microstrip transmission line (i.e., the coarse microstrip transmission line in the second-mode composite transmission structure) located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate and is respectively connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line.

[0072] The dipole antenna in the second millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure also has Figure 4 The internal structure shown in the figure includes a feeding structure and a fine microstrip line. One end of the feeding structure is connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line in the second mode composite transmission structure, and the other end is connected to the fine microstrip line. The overall extension direction of the fine microstrip line is parallel to the coarse microstrip transmission line in the second mode composite transmission structure. Moreover, any two dipole antennas symmetrical about the coarse microstrip transmission line in the second millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure constitute a corresponding omnidirectional radiation antenna unit. Figure 2In the right part, the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure also has 16 dipole antennas, thus forming 8 omnidirectional radiation antenna units.

[0073] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 In the right part, a microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure is provided in the second mode composite transmission structure. The microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure divides the second mode composite transmission structure into two parts in the overall extension direction. There is no electrical connection between the two parts.

[0074] Specifically, the internal structure of the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 Mark the various components in the Figure 6 .

[0075] In this embodiment, referring to Figure 6 , the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure includes multiple ( Figure 6 The microstrip patches (nine in the example) are parallel to each other and have no direct electrical connection to each other. The interdigitated microstrip capacitor structure divides the thick microstrip transmission line in the second-mode composite transmission structure into two segments. Some of the microstrip patches in the interdigitated microstrip capacitor structure are connected to one segment of the thick microstrip transmission line, while other microstrip patches are connected to the other segment of the thick microstrip transmission line.

[0076] Specifically, in this embodiment, the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure can divide the thick microstrip transmission line in the second mode composite transmission structure into unequal lengths. Figure 2 In the right part of the figure, the coarse microstrip transmission line in the second-mode composite transmission structure is divided into a shorter part and a longer part. The shorter part is the part connected to the metal bottom layer, and its length can accommodate a total of 4 dipole antennas (2 on each side), that is, 2 omnidirectional radiation antenna units; the longer part is the part that forms the open end, and its length can accommodate a total of 12 dipole antennas (6 on each side), that is, 6 omnidirectional radiation antenna units.

[0077] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 Whether it is the omnidirectional radiating antenna unit in the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure or the omnidirectional radiating antenna unit in the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure, the overall extension direction of the two fine strip lines in the same omnidirectional radiating antenna unit is the same. For example, referring to Figure 2In the left part of the figure, any omnidirectional antenna unit contains two dipole antennas, and the overall extension direction of the two fine strip lines in these two dipole antennas is the same upward or downward. In any two adjacent omnidirectional antenna units, the overall extension direction of the two fine strip lines located on the same side of the thick microstrip transmission line is opposite. For example, refer to Figure 2 In the left part, if the overall extension direction of the two fine strip lines in one omnidirectional radiation antenna unit is upward, then the overall extension direction of the two fine strip lines in the adjacent omnidirectional radiation antenna unit is downward.

[0078] In this embodiment, for any plane parallel to the dielectric substrate: the plane projection of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure coincides with the plane projection of the metal bottom layer; the plane projection of the first-mode composite transmission structure coincides with the plane projection of the second-mode composite transmission structure; and the plane projection of each dipole antenna located on one side of the dielectric substrate is offset from the plane projection of each dipole antenna located on the other side of the dielectric substrate.

[0079] For example, refer to Figure 2 Assuming the dielectric substrate can be viewed from one side (e.g., the top surface) perpendicular to the substrate, the grounded coplanar waveguide structure and the metal bottom layer essentially overlap, except for differences in their internal structures (i.e., the position of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure on the top surface corresponds to the position of the metal bottom layer on the bottom surface). The first-mode composite transmission structure and the second-mode composite transmission structure overlap (including the overlap of their respective coarse microstrip transmission lines and the corresponding overlap of their respective open-circuit branches). Thus, the first-mode composite transmission structure and the second-mode composite transmission structure form a single, integrated composite transmission structure with a length of l² and a width of w³+2*s¹. The dipole antennas located on the top surface of the dielectric substrate are offset from those located on the bottom surface. For example, the projection of a dipole antenna located on the top surface falls exactly where no projection of a dipole antenna located on the bottom surface is located.

[0080] In this embodiment, the sizes of some components of the horizontal omnidirectional microwave millimeter wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure can be set as follows according to the operating wavelength of the horizontal omnidirectional microwave millimeter wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure:

[0081] Any two adjacent omnidirectional radiating antenna units in the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure, or any two adjacent omnidirectional radiating antenna units in the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure, the spacing between them being equal to one-quarter of the operating wavelength;

[0082] The length of each fine strip line (total length) is equal to one quarter of the operating wavelength;

[0083] The length of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is equal to half of the operating wavelength;

[0084] The length of the metal bottom layer is equal to half of the operating wavelength;

[0085] The length of the open stub is equal to one quarter of the operating wavelength.

[0086] In this embodiment, Figure 1 The working principle of the horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure shown is:

[0087] (1) Since there are no metallized vias, there is no electrical connection between the structure on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and the structure on the lower surface. Therefore, the mode composite transmission structure (equivalent to the overall structure composed of the first mode composite transmission structure and the second mode composite transmission structure) can be equivalent to a microstrip transmission line transmitting quasi-TEM mode in the microwave frequency band; at the same time, due to the quarter-wavelength impedance transformation relationship, an open branch with a length of one-quarter wavelength can be equivalent to a short-circuit via. Therefore, the mode composite transmission structure can be equivalent to a dielectric substrate integrated waveguide transmitting TE in the millimeter wave frequency band. 10 model;

[0088] (2) The microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure in the second mode composite transmission structure has a capacitance characteristic, which can be equivalent to a break in the microwave frequency band and equivalent to a path in the millimeter wave frequency band; in the microwave frequency band, the second mode composite transmission structure is equivalent to being divided into two independent microstrip metal strips without electrical connection by the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure, and radiating as a monopole antenna; in the millimeter wave frequency band, the second mode composite transmission structure is equivalent to an integral component with internal electrical connection, and its transmission characteristics are not affected by the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure, that is, the mode composite transmission transmits TE in the millimeter wave frequency band. 10 mode, for series-fed dipole antenna arrays;

[0089] (3) The first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure respectively include multiple dipole antenna units (millimeter-wave miniaturized dipole antenna units) to form a millimeter-wave frequency band antenna array. Specifically, 16 millimeter-wave miniaturized dipole antenna units are symmetrically distributed with the center of the mode composite transmission structure as the axis. The spacing between adjacent millimeter-wave miniaturized dipole antenna units on the same side is a2, and a2 is set to one-quarter of the working wavelength of the millimeter-wave frequency band. The radiating arms of the adjacent miniaturized dipole antenna units on the same side are set in opposite directions, so as to avoid the occurrence of zero points in the radiation pattern in the broadside direction, and to keep the feeding amplitudes of the adjacent miniaturized dipole antenna units on the same side the same and the phases inverted;

[0090] (4) When using a horizontal omnidirectional microwave millimeter wave co-aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure, the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is connected to an external signal transmission circuit. At this time, the coplanar waveguide plays the role of impedance transformation, completing the impedance matching from the port to the mode composite transmission structure, and then completing the energy transmission; the mode composite transmission structure has a low-frequency propagation quasi-TEM mode and a high-frequency propagation TE mode. 10 The characteristics of the mode are that when the signal input to the signal transmitting circuit is in the microwave frequency band, the mode composite transmission structure (including the first mode composite transmission structure and the second mode composite transmission structure) acts as a monopole antenna radiator to form a microwave frequency band antenna with horizontal omnidirectional radiation; when the signal input to the signal transmitting circuit is in the millimeter wave frequency band, the mode composite transmission structure can be used as the feeding structure of the series-fed dipole antenna array (including the first millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and the second millimeter wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure), thereby making the series-fed dipole antenna array form a millimeter wave frequency band antenna with horizontal omnidirectional radiation; the millimeter wave frequency band dipole antenna unit adopts a curved microstrip line to achieve a miniaturized design, further reducing the size of the dual-frequency antenna, thereby obtaining a horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter wave common-aperture antenna with good working performance, simple structure and compact size.

[0091] therefore, Figure 1 The horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure shown is configured such that a microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure is arranged at an appropriate position on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the lower surface of the mode composite transmission structure is divided into two independent microstrip metal strips without electrical connection, thereby operating as a monopole antenna with horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the microwave frequency band; a first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and a second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure are formed in the form of an array by arranging multiple pairs of miniaturized dipole antenna units symmetrically distributed around the mode composite transmission structure, thereby forming a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern, and the mode composite transmission structure feeds each pair of miniaturized dipole antenna units in series, thereby improving the gain, thereby operating as a series-fed dipole antenna array with horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the millimeter-wave frequency band.

[0092] The horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave common-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure in this embodiment transmits the quasi-TEM mode in the microwave frequency band and the TE mode in the millimeter-wave frequency band. 10 mode; in the microwave frequency band, the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure is equivalent to an open circuit, making the lower surface of the mode composite transmission structure equivalent to an independent metal strip with two ends not connected, and then using this structure to construct a monopole antenna. The microwave frequency band monopole antenna has the characteristics of horizontal omnidirectional radiation, forming a microwave frequency band radiation structure; in the millimeter wave frequency band, the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure does not affect the millimeter wave TE 10Normal transmission of the mode, the mode composite transmission structure serves as the feeding structure of the millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array to feed the antenna array. The series-fed dipole array antenna in the millimeter-wave band also has the characteristics of horizontal omnidirectional radiation, forming a millimeter-wave band radiation structure. In summary, the horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure realizes a horizontal omnidirectional dual-frequency co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure. By utilizing the shared port design of the mode composite transmission structure, the same port is fed to the microwave and millimeter-wave bands, effectively avoiding the port isolation problem of the dual-frequency co-aperture antenna. Furthermore, the horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure improves the omnidirectional radiation non-circularity performance in the millimeter-wave band by adjusting the structure of the millimeter-wave band dipole antenna.

[0093] The technical benefits of the horizontal omnidirectional microwave-millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on a mode-combined transmission structure in this embodiment are primarily due to its structure. To manufacture this antenna, the dimensions of the grounded coplanar waveguide and mode-combined transmission structures are first calculated based on the desired antenna center frequency. Next, the microstrip interdigital capacitor structure and its location are designed based on the microwave antenna's center frequency. Furthermore, miniaturized dipole antenna units are designed based on the millimeter-wave antenna's center frequency to form a series-fed array. Finally, the antenna parameters are optimized based on the desired performance.

[0094] After analysis and optimization, in this embodiment, each parameter is set to the following values:

[0095] w1=12.00mm, w2=0.30mm, w3=4.10mm, w4=0.50mm, w5=0.10mm, w6=0.20mm,

[0096] l1=4.90mm, l2=35.70mm, l3=5.10mm, l4=0.85mm, s1=2.35mm, s2=0.40mm, s3=0.90

[0097] mm, s4=1.40mm, a1=2.00mm, a2=4.10mm, a3=1.40mm, k1=1.25mm, k2=0.40mm,

[0098] k3=1.30mm, t1=1.50mm, t2=0.20mm, t3=0.85mm, i1=1.60mm, i2=0.30mm, i3=0.10

[0099] mm, d=0.40mm, g=0.10mm.

[0100] Based on the above values, we fabricated structures with corresponding dimensions, such as grounded coplanar waveguide structures, mode composite transmission structures, and millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna arrays. We also simulated the above values ​​and measured the resulting dual-band co-aperture antennas. The simulation and measurement results are shown in Figure 2. Figures 7 to 14 shown.

[0101] The simulation and measured results of the reflection coefficient of the dual-frequency common aperture antenna in the microwave frequency band are as follows: Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7 It can be seen that the dual-frequency common-aperture antenna in this embodiment achieves a passband range of 2.47 GHz to 2.77 GHz, a bandwidth of 11.45%, and the simulation and actual measurement are relatively consistent.

[0102] The simulation and measured results of the gain curve and gain fluctuation curve of the dual-frequency common aperture antenna in the microwave frequency band are as follows: Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8 It can be seen that the dual-frequency common-aperture antenna in this embodiment achieves a relatively stable gain within the passband range, with the highest gain being 3.0 dBi, and the gain fluctuation within the passband range is less than 3.7 dB.

[0103] The simulation and measured results of the radiation pattern of the dual-frequency co-aperture antenna in the microwave frequency band are as follows: Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown. Figure 9 and Figure 10 It can be seen that the dual-frequency co-aperture antenna in this embodiment achieves horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance in the microwave frequency band, which is consistent with the previous analysis.

[0104] The simulation and measured results of the reflection coefficient of the dual-frequency common aperture antenna in the millimeter wave band are as follows: Figure 11 As shown. Figure 11 It can be seen that the dual-frequency common-aperture antenna in this embodiment achieves a passband range of 27.3 GHz to 29.1 GHz, a bandwidth of 6.38%, and the simulation and actual measurement are relatively consistent.

[0105] The simulation and measured results of the gain curve and gain fluctuation curve of the dual-frequency common aperture antenna in the millimeter wave band are as follows: Figure 12 As shown. Figure 12 It can be seen that the dual-frequency common-aperture antenna in this embodiment achieves a relatively stable gain within the passband range, with the highest gain being 7.4 dBi, and the gain fluctuation within the passband range is less than 4.8 dB.

[0106] The simulation and measured results of the radiation pattern of the dual-frequency co-aperture antenna in the millimeter wave band are as follows: Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown. Figure 13 and Figure 14It can be seen that the dual-frequency co-aperture antenna in this embodiment achieves horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance in the millimeter wave frequency band, which is consistent with the previous analysis.

[0107] All of the above results were measured using a vector network analyzer and a spherical far-field anechoic chamber in a real-world environment using a Rogers 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.016 mm. The simulation and test comparison graphs show a close agreement between the simulated and measured curves, demonstrating the feasibility of this embodiment's horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter-wave co-aperture antenna based on a mode-combined transmission structure.

[0108] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it may be directly fixed or connected to the other feature, or it may be indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. In addition, the descriptions of up, down, left, right, etc. used in this disclosure are only relative to the relative positional relationships of the components of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings. The singular forms of "a", "" and "the" used in this disclosure are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this embodiment have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The terms used in the specification of this embodiment are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" used in this embodiment includes any combination of one or more related listed items.

[0109] It should be understood that, although the present disclosure may adopt the term first, second, third etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited to these terms.These terms are only used to distinguish the elements of the same type from each other.For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first element may also be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may also be referred to as the first element.The use of any and all examples or exemplary language ("for example", "such as" etc.) provided by the present embodiment is only intended to better illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and unless otherwise required, the scope of the present invention will not be limited.

[0110] It should be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented or practiced by computer hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or by computer instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable memory. The methods can be implemented in a computer program using standard programming techniques - including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured with a computer program, wherein the storage medium so configured causes the computer to operate in a specific and predefined manner - according to the methods and figures described in the specific embodiments. Each program can be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with the computer system. However, if desired, the program can be implemented in assembly or machine language. In any case, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language. In addition, the program can be run on a programmed application-specific integrated circuit for this purpose.

[0111] In addition, the operations of the processes described in this embodiment may be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise indicated in this embodiment or otherwise clearly contradicted by the context. The processes described in this embodiment (or variations and / or combinations thereof) may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) that is executed collectively on one or more processors, by hardware, or a combination thereof. A computer program includes multiple instructions that can be executed by one or more processors.

[0112] Furthermore, the method can be implemented in any type of computing platform that is operably connected to a suitable computer, including but not limited to a personal computer, a minicomputer, a mainframe, a workstation, a network or distributed computing environment, a separate or integrated computer platform, or in communication with a charged particle tool or other imaging device, etc. Various aspects of the present invention can be implemented as machine-readable code stored on a non-transitory storage medium or device, whether removable or integrated into a computing platform, such as a hard disk, an optical read and / or write storage medium, RAM, ROM, etc., so that it can be read by a programmable computer, and when the storage medium or device is read by the computer, it can be used to configure and operate the computer to perform the process described herein. In addition, the machine-readable code, or portions thereof, can be transmitted over a wired or wireless network. When such media includes instructions or programs that implement the above steps in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor, the invention of this embodiment includes these and other different types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media. When programmed according to the methods and techniques of the present invention, the present invention also includes the computer itself.

[0113] The computer program can be applied to input data to perform the functions of the present embodiment, thereby converting the input data to generate output data that is stored in a non-volatile memory. The output information can also be applied to one or more output devices such as a display. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the converted data represents a physical and tangible object, including a specific visual depiction of the physical and tangible object produced on the display.

[0114] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments. As long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, various modifications and variations of the technical solutions and / or implementation methods may be made.

Claims

1. A horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure, characterized in that: The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on the mode composite transmission structure includes: dielectric substrate; A grounded coplanar waveguide structure; the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; A first mode composite transmission structure; the first mode composite transmission structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, one end of the first mode composite transmission structure is connected to the grounded coplanar waveguide structure, and the other end is open; A metal bottom layer; the metal bottom layer is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is connected to the metal bottom layer through a metallized via in the dielectric substrate; a second-mode composite transmission structure; the second-mode composite transmission structure is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, one end of the second-mode composite transmission structure is connected to the metal bottom layer, and the other end is open; the second-mode composite transmission structure is provided with a microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure, the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure dividing the second-mode composite transmission structure into two parts that are not electrically connected in the overall extension direction; a first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure; the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the first mode composite transmission structure; A second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure; the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the second mode composite transmission structure.

2. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microstrip interdigital capacitor structure includes a plurality of microstrip patches, each of which is parallel to each other and has no direct electrical connection with each other; A portion of the microstrip patches is connected to a portion of the second-mode composite transmission structure, and another portion of the microstrip patches is connected to another portion of the second-mode composite transmission structure.

3. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mode composite transmission structure and the second mode composite transmission structure respectively include a coarse microstrip transmission line and a plurality of open branches; The open branches in the same mode composite transmission structure are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the thick microstrip transmission line and are respectively connected to the thick microstrip transmission line; The thick microstrip transmission line in the second-mode composite transmission structure is divided into two parts without electrical connection by the microstrip line interdigital capacitor structure.

4. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure and the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure respectively include a plurality of dipole antennas; The dipole antennas in the same millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the coarse microstrip transmission line located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate, and are respectively connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line; At least part of the dipole antenna is located between two open-circuit branches on the same side of the thick microstrip transmission line.

5. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Any two dipole antennas symmetrical about the coarse microstrip transmission line in the same millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure constitute a corresponding omnidirectional radiation antenna unit; The distance between any two adjacent omnidirectional radiation antenna units in the same millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure is equal to one quarter of the operating wavelength.

6. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dipole antenna includes a feeding structure and a curved fine microstrip line. The feeding structure extends vertically toward the outside of the coarse microstrip transmission line. One end of the feeding structure is connected to the coarse microstrip transmission line, and the other end is connected to the fine microstrip line. The overall extension direction of the fine microstrip line is parallel to the coarse microstrip transmission line.

7. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The two fine strip lines in the same omnidirectional radiation antenna unit have the same overall extension direction; In any two adjacent omnidirectional radiation antenna units, the overall extension directions of the two fine microstrip lines located on the same side of the thick microstrip transmission line are opposite.

8. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The length of the fine strip line is equal to one quarter of the working wavelength; The length of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure is equal to half of the operating wavelength; The length of the metal bottom layer is equal to half of the working wavelength; The length of the open-circuit branch is equal to one quarter of the working wavelength.

9. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: For any plane parallel to the dielectric substrate: The plane projection of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure coincides with the plane projection of the metal bottom layer; The plane projection of the first-mode composite transmission structure coincides with the plane projection of the second-mode composite transmission structure; The plane projection of each of the dipole antennas located on one side of the dielectric substrate is staggered from the plane projection of each of the dipole antennas located on the other side of the dielectric substrate.

10. The horizontal omnidirectional microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antenna based on a mode composite transmission structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The grounded coplanar waveguide structure, the metal bottom layer, the first mode composite transmission structure, the second mode composite transmission structure, the first millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure, and the second millimeter-wave series-fed dipole antenna array radiation structure are respectively fixed on the dielectric substrate by a microstrip process; The dielectric substrate is made of Rogers 5880 material, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2.

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