Intelligent in-situ rock-soil shear apparatus and method of use

Abstract

The application provides an intelligent rock-soil in-hole shear instrument and a use method, and relates to the technical field of stress testing. The shear instrument is provided with an intelligent walking mechanism, and a front-end walking mechanism and a rear-end walking mechanism are arranged for the movement of the shear instrument in a borehole, so that the installation position can be accurately positioned in the borehole. A front-end shear mechanism and a rear-end shear mechanism apply a normal stress to the surrounding rock of the borehole, and a shear force loading mechanism applies a shear stress to the surrounding rock of the borehole. The shear instrument can directly perform a shear test on the rock mass in the borehole, so that the distortion of the rock mass strength parameters caused by stress release, structure disturbance and other factors in the process of taking the rock sample from the underground is avoided. In addition, the structure of the shear instrument has stronger adaptability to the complex underground environment, the mechanical response information of the rock mass at different positions can be more comprehensively obtained, and the accuracy and reliability of the test results are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and in particular to an intelligent borehole shearing instrument for soil and rock and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geotechnical engineering, accurate determination of the mechanical properties of rock masses is crucial for engineering design, construction, and stability assessment. With the continuous development of various geotechnical engineering projects, such as deep mining, deep-sea exploration, petroleum, water conservancy, and military applications, there is an urgent need to conveniently and accurately obtain the strength parameters of rock and soil masses in situ. While traditional laboratory tests can provide some basic mechanical indicators of rock masses, limitations exist due to the disturbance of the rock mass during sampling and the inability to fully simulate the stress state of in-situ rock masses. Therefore, borehole shear measurement at engineering sites has become an important research and development direction in the field of geotechnical engineering testing.

[0003] In existing technologies, the main purpose of in-hole shearing instruments is to obtain strength parameters such as cohesion and internal friction angle of engineering rock mass. For example, the RBST type borehole shearing test system developed in the United States has symmetrically distributed probe teeth on both sides of the probe. The normal stress is applied by the oil pump to make the probe teeth contact the borehole wall and shear. The maximum shear stress is recorded, and the cohesion and internal friction angle data are calculated using the linear Coulomb criterion. The main problems faced by existing in-situ borehole shearing technology include: (1) low testing efficiency, each test can only be carried out at the same depth, and the test data is limited; (2) no normal and shear deformation testing system, only the peak shear strength and corresponding cohesion and internal friction angle under normal stress at each level can be obtained, and the measurement data is not comprehensive enough; (3) the test results have certain limitations. For example, in actual testing, due to the complex downhole environment, the test results are easily distorted by various factors, and the test results are inaccurate for boreholes with large openings, cracks, and structural surfaces; (4) can only be loaded by external tie rods, which is inconvenient for measuring borehole depth and cannot accurately obtain shear displacement. Given the aforementioned problems with existing in-situ testing methods and in-hole shearing instruments, further improvements to the existing shearing instruments are necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the testing accuracy and efficiency of shearing instruments and adapt to complex downhole environments, this invention provides an intelligent in-hole shearing instrument for rock and soil and its usage method. The specific technical solution is as follows.

[0005] An intelligent borehole shearing device for rock and soil includes a shearing mechanism and an intelligent walking mechanism. The shearing mechanism includes a front-end shearing mechanism, a shear force loading mechanism, and a rear-end shearing mechanism. The intelligent walking mechanism includes a front-end walking mechanism and a rear-end walking mechanism. The front-end shearing mechanism and the rear-end shearing mechanism apply normal stress to the surrounding rock of the borehole, and the shear force loading mechanism applies shear stress to the surrounding rock of the borehole. The front-end walking mechanism and the rear-end walking mechanism are used for the movement of the shearing device inside the borehole.

[0006] Preferably, the front-end walking mechanism includes a gearbox cover, a gearbox, walking wheels, expansion wheels, guide wheels, support wheel brackets, tension springs, guide wheel cylinders, guide wheel arms, bevel gears, a first drive shaft, a connecting shaft, an encoder, a servo motor, tension spring wires, and a second drive shaft. The guide wheels are connected to two guide wheel arms by bolts and nuts, and the two guide wheel arms are connected to the support wheel brackets. Each support wheel bracket has multiple tension spring wires embedded in it, and the tension spring wires are connected to each other by tension springs. The support wheel bracket is fitted onto the guide wheel cylinder. The servo motor is connected to the connecting shaft, the encoder records the servo motor's working information, the connecting shaft is connected to the first drive shaft via a coupling, the first drive shaft is connected to one bevel gear in the gearbox, and another bevel gear in a different direction is connected to the second drive shaft. The walking wheels are fixed at both ends of the second drive shaft. The expansion wheels are connected to the bottom gearbox cover by bolts and nuts, and the gearbox cover is fixed to the gearbox by plug screws.

[0007] Preferably, the servo motor is equipped with a motor protective cover.

[0008] Preferably, the rear walking mechanism includes a guide wheel, a support wheel bracket, a tension spring, a guide wheel cylinder, a guide wheel support arm, and a tension spring hanging wire, as well as a connecting plate and a retaining ring. The retaining ring is embedded in the inner groove of the outer cylinder. One side of the connecting plate is connected to the rear end face baffle, and the other side is connected to the guide wheel cylinder.

[0009] A further preferred embodiment is that when the force on the guide wheel changes, the support wheel bracket slides on the guide wheel cylinder.

[0010] More preferably, the front-end shearing mechanism includes a front shearing plate, a front piston fixing tooth seat, a front guide pad, a guide shaft, a fixed oil cylinder, a front end face baffle, a first connecting pressure ring, a second connecting pressure ring, a third connecting pressure ring, a trapezoidal sleeve, a frustum-shaped sleeve, a bidirectional pressure piston, a tension spring screw, a helical elastic retaining ring, a fixed oil cylinder cover, and a front-end displacement sensor. The middle part is a fixed oil cylinder, which contains a bidirectional pressure piston. The bidirectional pressure piston is connected to the front piston fixing tooth seat by screws. The front piston fixing tooth seat is connected to the front shearing plate by an inlay method and is fixed on the outside by a fixed steel plate. The second connecting pressure ring is connected to the trapezoidal sleeve and the frustum-shaped sleeve to control the inflow of hydraulic oil. The first connecting pressure ring and the third connecting pressure ring are connected to the trapezoidal sleeve and the frustum-shaped sleeve, respectively, to control the outflow of hydraulic oil. The front guide pad is connected to the front piston fixing tooth seat through a guide shaft. The two guide shafts are connected to the fixed oil cylinder through a connecting piece, a tension spring screw, and a tension spring to control the movement direction of the shearing plate.

[0011] A further preferred embodiment is that when the fixed cylinder is working, the bidirectional pressure piston pushes the front piston fixed tooth seat, indirectly pushing the front shear plate to move, while the displacement sensor in the shear plate records the normal and horizontal displacement of the shear teeth.

[0012] A further preferred arrangement is a symmetrical structure between the front-end shearing mechanism and the rear-end shearing mechanism.

[0013] More preferably, the shearing force loading mechanism includes a trapezoidal sleeve, a platform-shaped sleeve, a fixed cylinder cover, a fourth connecting pressure ring, a shearing cylinder, a shearing piston, a piston fixing screw, and a shearing cylinder fixing screw. The middle part of the shearing force loading mechanism is the shearing cylinder. The fourth connecting pressure ring is connected to the trapezoidal sleeve and the platform-shaped sleeve to control the inflow and outflow of hydraulic oil. When hydraulic oil flows in, the shearing piston in the shearing cylinder pushes the rear guide pad connected to it, and the reaction force pushes the front guide pad connected to the shearing cylinder, thereby indirectly applying horizontal stress to the two pairs of shearing plates, so as to shear the surrounding rock of the borehole.

[0014] A method for using an intelligent borehole shearing device for soil and rock, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Assemble the shearing device, connect the cables, and then calibrate and adjust the shearing device.

[0016] The shearing device is controlled to enter the borehole, the servo motor is controlled to move, and the encoder records the movement of the servo motor in real time.

[0017] Once the shearing device is loaded and reaches the designated position, the hydraulic oil in the oil pumps of the front and rear shearing mechanisms will simultaneously cause the shearing teeth to cut into the surrounding rock of the borehole. After the shearing teeth are fixed, the shearing force loading mechanism will shear the surrounding rock of the borehole through the shearing teeth on the shearing plate. During the loading process, the data measured by the displacement sensor and pressure sensor will be fed back to the control panel in real time.

[0018] After the shearing device is retrieved and the shearing force loading mechanism is unloaded, the shearing device is removed from the borehole using the steel wire rope on the gearbox, and then disassembled and cleaned.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the intelligent borehole shearing instrument and its usage method provided by this invention are as follows: The shearing instrument can directly conduct shear tests on rock mass inside the borehole, avoiding the distortion of rock mass strength parameters caused by stress release, structural disturbance, and other factors during the extraction of rock samples from underground; the shearing structure of the shearing instrument can more efficiently acquire borehole surrounding rock shear data, while improving the stability of the instrument during shearing, making the test results more accurate and reliable; it has the ability to perform layered testing in the depth direction, allowing the shearing instrument to conduct shear tests at different depths along the borehole depth direction, thus obtaining data on the variation of shear strength of different soil layers with depth, clearly depicting the distribution of soil strength characteristics in the vertical direction; the shearing instrument is equipped with an intelligent walking mechanism, which can better protect the shearing instrument from wear and can also accurately travel a specified distance, improving the reliability of test results and better meeting the needs of the geotechnical engineering field for accurate testing of rock mass mechanical parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an in-hole shearing device for soil and rock.

[0021] Figure 2 This is the left view of the shearing device;

[0022] Figure 3 This is the right view of the shearing device;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a front view of the shearing device;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a top view of the shearing machine;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the shearing device;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall shearing mechanism;

[0027] Figure 8 This is the left view of the shearing mechanism;

[0028] Figure 9 This is the right view of the shearing mechanism;

[0029] Figure 10 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the AA section of the shear apparatus;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the front-end shearing mechanism;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rear shearing mechanism;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the shear force loading mechanism;

[0033] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the front-end walking mechanism;

[0034] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rear-end walking mechanism;

[0035] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the electro-hydraulic control system of the shearing device;

[0036] In the diagram: 1-Outer cylinder; 2-Rear end face baffle; 4-Fixing steel plate; 5-Front shearing plate; 6-Rear shearing plate; 7-Front piston fixing gear seat; 8-Rear piston fixing gear seat; 9-Shearing cylinder; 10-Front guide pad; 11-Rear guide pad; 12-Guide shaft; 13-Positioning hole; 14-Guide hole; 15-Fixing cylinder; 16-Hydraulic pressure hole; 17-Front end face baffle; 18-First connecting pressure ring; 19-Second connecting pressure ring; 20-Third connecting pressure ring; 2 1-Trapezoidal ferrule; 22-Tapered ferrule; 23-Bidirectional pressure piston; 24-Tension spring screw; 25-Tension spring; 26-Connecting piece; 27-Slide shaft fixing seat; 28-Helical elastic retaining ring; 29-Fixed cylinder cover; 30-Fourth connecting pressure ring; 31-Pressure relief spring; 32-Fifth connecting pressure ring; 33-Sixth connecting pressure ring; 34-Seventh connecting pressure ring; 35-Shearing cylinder; 36-Shearing piston; 37-Piston fixing screw; 38-Shearing cylinder fixing screw Set screw; 39-Copper lead screw; 40-Pressure cylinder; 50-Front-end displacement sensor; 51-Rear-end displacement sensor; 60-Front-end shearing mechanism; 70-Rear-end shearing mechanism; 80-Shearing force loading mechanism; 120-Shearing mechanism; 200-Intelligent walking mechanism; 201-Front-end walking mechanism; 202-Rear-end walking mechanism; 203-Motor protective cover; 204-Gear cover box; 205-Gearbox; 206-Walking wheel; 207-Expansion wheel ; 208-Baffle plate; 209-Guide wheel; 210-Support wheel bracket; 211-Tension spring; 212-Connecting plate; 213-Guide wheel cylinder; 214-Guide wheel support arm; 215-Plug screw; 216-Bevel gear; 217-First drive shaft; 218-Connecting shaft; 219-Coupling; 220-Encoder; 221-Servo motor; 222-Deep groove ball bearing; 223-Tension spring hanging wire; 224-Retaining ring; 225-Second drive shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Combination Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the specific implementation method of the intelligent soil borehole shearing instrument and its usage method provided by the present invention will be described in detail.

[0038] An intelligent in-hole shearing instrument for rock and soil is disclosed. This instrument is small in size, highly precise, and has a relatively complex structure. It can be used to conduct in-situ tests on rock mass properties by applying vertical and horizontal stresses in the borehole to shear the rock mass and obtain key data such as cohesion and internal friction angle.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the instrument includes a shearing mechanism 120 and an intelligent walking mechanism 200. The shearing mechanism 120 is further divided into a front shearing mechanism 60, a shearing force loading mechanism 80, and a rear shearing mechanism 70. The intelligent walking mechanism 200 is divided into a front walking mechanism 201 and a rear walking mechanism 202.

[0040] The front walking mechanism 201 and the rear walking mechanism 202 of the intelligent walking mechanism 200 are located on both sides of the shearing mechanism 200 and are connected to the shearing mechanism through the connecting plate 212. The intelligent walking mechanism drives the pulleys with a motor to move the shearing device forward in the borehole.

[0041] The front-end walking mechanism 201 includes a motor protective cover 203, a gearbox cover 204, a gearbox 205, a walking wheel 206, an expansion wheel 207, a baffle 208, a guide wheel 209, a support wheel bracket 210, a tension spring 211, a guide wheel cylinder 213, a guide wheel support arm 214, a plug screw 215, a bevel gear 216, a drive shaft 217, a connecting shaft 218, a coupling 219, an encoder 220, a servo motor 221, a deep groove ball bearing 222, a tension spring hanging wire 223, and a second drive shaft 225. The guide wheel 209 is connected to two guide wheel arms 214 by bolts and nuts, and the other end of the two guide wheel arms 214 is connected to the support wheel bracket 210. Each support wheel bracket 210 has five tension spring wires 223 embedded in it, and the tension spring wires 223 are connected by tension springs 211. The support wheel bracket 210 is fitted onto the guide wheel cylinder 213. When the force on the guide wheel changes, the support wheel bracket 210 can slide on the guide wheel cylinder 213, thereby expanding and contracting the guide wheel arms 214. The motor protective cover 203 contains a servo motor 221. The front of the servo motor is a connecting shaft 218, and the rear is equipped with a displacement encoder 220. The connecting shaft 218 is connected to the first transmission shaft 217 via a coupling 219. The moving shaft 217 is connected to one of the bevel gears 216 in the gearbox 205, and another bevel gear in a different direction is connected to the second transmission shaft 225. The walking wheel 206 is fixed at both ends of the second transmission shaft 225. When the servo motor 221 works, the motor drives the connecting shaft 218 to rotate. The connecting shaft 218 transmits force to the second transmission shaft 225 through the coupling 219, the first transmission shaft 217, and the bevel gear 216, thereby driving the walking wheel to rotate. The walking wheel moves the shearing device forward by rubbing against the rock wall. The displacement encoder 220 behind the servo motor can record the movement distance of the shearing device in real time. The expansion wheel 207 is connected to the gearbox cover 204 at the bottom by bolts and nuts. The gearbox cover 204 is fixed to the gearbox 205 by screws 215.

[0042] The rear-end traveling mechanism 202 includes a guide wheel 209, a support wheel bracket 210, a tension spring 211, a connecting plate 212, a guide wheel cylinder 213, a guide wheel support arm 214, a tension spring hanging wire 223, and a retaining ring 224. The connection method of the guide wheel 209, support wheel bracket 210, tension spring 211, guide wheel cylinder 213, guide wheel support arm 214, and tension spring hanging wire 223 is the same as that of the front-end traveling mechanism 201. When the force on the guide wheel changes, the support wheel bracket 210 can slide on the guide wheel cylinder 213, thereby realizing the expansion and contraction of the guide wheel support arm 214. The retaining ring 224 is embedded in the internal groove of the outer cylinder 1. The connecting plate 212 is connected to the rear end face baffle 2 on one side and to the guide wheel cylinder 213 on the other side.

[0043] The front shearing mechanism, shear force loading mechanism, and rear shearing mechanism in the shearing mechanism 120 are all located inside the outer cylinder 1. The mechanisms are connected by the guide shaft 12, and each mechanism contains a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinders in the front shearing mechanism and the rear shearing mechanism are mainly used for loading normal stress, while the cylinders in the shear force loading mechanism are mainly used for loading shear stress. Each mechanism can be loaded independently.

[0044] The front-end shearing mechanism 60 includes a front shearing plate 5, a front piston fixed tooth seat 7, a front guide pad 10, a guide shaft 12, a fixed oil cylinder 15, a front end face baffle 17, a first connecting pressure ring 18, a second connecting pressure ring 19, a third connecting pressure ring 20, a trapezoidal sleeve 21, a table-shaped sleeve 22, a bidirectional pressure piston 23, a tension spring screw 24, a spiral elastic retaining ring 28, and a fixed oil cylinder cover 29. The front shear plate 5 has a groove on its side, and the front piston fixing tooth seat 7 has a groove inside. The front shear plate 5 and the front piston fixing tooth seat 7 are tightly connected by interlocking. The front shearing mechanism has two shear plates, upper and lower. The top of the front shear plate 5 has five shearing teeth, which can shear the rock inside the hole. In addition, the front displacement sensor 50 is located inside the front shear plate 5 to record the normal displacement and shear displacement of the shear plate. The front piston fixing tooth seat 7 is connected to the bidirectional pressure piston 23 through the piston fixing screw 37, which can push the front shear plate to move when the cylinder is loaded. The front piston fixing tooth seat 7 is fixed with fixing steel plates 4 on the front and rear sides to prevent the shear plate from moving during loading. The front piston fixing tooth seat 7 is connected to the shearing force loading mechanism through the front guide mechanism. The front-end guiding mechanism consists of a guide shaft 12, a tension spring screw 24, a tension spring 25, a connecting piece 26, and a sliding shaft fixing seat. The components cooperate with each other to realize the up and down movement of the front piston fixing tooth seat 7. The second connecting pressure ring 19 is combined with the trapezoidal sleeve 21 and the platform sleeve 22. One end is connected to the fixed oil cylinder 15, and the other end is connected to the oil pump loading port for loading the fixed oil cylinder. The first connecting pressure ring 18 and the third connecting pressure ring 20 are combined with the trapezoidal sleeve 21 and the platform sleeve 22 respectively. One end is connected to the fixed oil cylinder 15, and the other end is connected to the oil pump unloading port for unloading the fixed oil cylinder. A spiral elastic retaining ring 28 and a fixed oil cylinder cover 29 are assembled around the bidirectional pressure piston 23 at the oil cylinder port of the fixed oil cylinder 15 to prevent hydraulic oil from overflowing from the oil cylinder port.

[0045] When the front-end shearing mechanism is loaded, the hydraulic oil in the oil pump flows into the fixed oil cylinder 15 through the second connecting pressure ring 19, trapezoidal sleeve 21, and platform-shaped sleeve 22. The hydraulic oil pushes the bidirectional pressure piston 23 to move in both upward and downward directions, thereby pushing the piston fixed tooth seat 7 and the front shear plate 5 to move, so that the shearing teeth cut into the surrounding rock of the borehole wall. When the front-end shearing mechanism is unloaded, the movement of the hydraulic oil and its components is reversed compared to when it is loaded.

[0046] The rear shearing mechanism 70 includes a rear face baffle 2, a guide rod 3, a rear shearing plate 6, a rear piston fixing tooth seat 8, a guide shaft 12, a fixed oil cylinder 15, a bidirectional pressure piston 23, a tension spring screw 24, a tension spring 25, a sliding shaft fixing seat 27, a pressure relief spring 31, a fifth connecting pressure ring 32, a sixth connecting pressure ring 33, a seventh connecting pressure ring 34, and a rear displacement sensor 51. The rear shear plate 6 and the rear piston fixing tooth seat 8 are connected in the same way, still tightly connected by interlocking; the rear shearing mechanism contains two shear plates, upper and lower, with three shearing teeth on the top of the rear shear plate 6, which can shear the rock inside the hole. In addition, the rear displacement sensor 51 is contained inside the rear shear plate 6 to record the normal displacement and shear displacement of the shear plate; the rear piston fixing tooth seat 8 is connected to the bidirectional pressure piston 23 through the piston fixing screw 37, which can push the rear shear plate to move when the cylinder is loaded; the front and rear sides of the rear piston fixing tooth seat 8 are fixed with fixing steel plates 4 to prevent the shear plate from moving during loading; the rear piston fixing tooth seat 8 is connected to the shearing force loading mechanism through the rear guide mechanism, and the composition and working principle of the rear guide mechanism are the same as those of the front guide mechanism; the sixth connecting pressure ring 33 is connected to the trapezoidal sleeve 21 and the table-shaped sleeve. The 22-piece assembly connects one end to the fixed cylinder 15 and the other end to the oil pump loading port for loading the fixed cylinder. The fifth connecting pressure ring 32 and the seventh connecting pressure ring 34 are combined with the trapezoidal sleeve 21 and the platform sleeve 22, respectively, with one end connected to the fixed cylinder 15 and the other end connected to the oil pump unloading port for unloading the fixed cylinder. A spiral elastic retaining ring 28 and a fixed cylinder cover 29 are also fitted around the bidirectional pressure piston 23 at the cylinder port of the fixed cylinder 15 to prevent hydraulic oil from overflowing from the cylinder port. One end of the pressure relief spring 31 is connected to the rear end face baffle 2 and the other end is connected to the fixed cylinder 15. When the shearing force loading mechanism 80 unloads, the pressure relief spring can make the pressure relief piston 36 quickly return to the initial position. The guide rod 3 is located inside the pressure relief spring 31 and is also connected to the fixed cylinder 15. It is mainly used for pressing, placing and guiding the shearing device.

[0047] When the front-end shearing mechanism is loaded, the hydraulic oil in the oil pump flows into the fixed oil cylinder 15 through the sixth connecting pressure ring 33, trapezoidal sleeve 21, and table-shaped sleeve 22. The hydraulic oil pushes the bidirectional pressure piston 23 to move in both upward and downward directions, thereby pushing the piston fixed tooth seat 8 and the front shear plate 6 to move, so that the shearing teeth cut into the surrounding rock of the borehole wall. When the rear-end shearing mechanism is unloaded, the movement of the hydraulic oil and each component is reversed compared to when it is loaded.

[0048] The shearing force loading mechanism 80 includes a trapezoidal sleeve 21, a table-shaped sleeve 22, a fixed cylinder cover 29, a fourth connecting pressure ring 30, a shearing cylinder 35, a shearing piston 36, a piston fixing screw 37, and a shearing cylinder fixing screw 38.

[0049] When the shearing force loading mechanism is applied, the hydraulic oil in the oil pump flows into the shearing cylinder 35 through the fourth connecting pressure ring 30, trapezoidal sleeve 21, and table-shaped sleeve 22. The hydraulic oil pushes the shearing piston 36 to move, thereby pushing the rear guide pad 11 to move. Since the front and rear shearing mechanisms have been loaded and fixed before loading, the reaction force will act on the front guide pad 10, thereby causing the shearing teeth on the front and rear pairs of shearing plates to shear the surrounding rock of the borehole.

[0050] When the shear force loading mechanism is unloaded, the pressure relief spring 31 will push the shear piston 36 back to its initial position.

[0051] A method for using an intelligent borehole shearing device for rock and soil includes assembling the shearing device, controlling the shearing device to enter the borehole, loading the shearing device, and retracting the shearing device.

[0052] Assemble the shearing device: First, check that all parts are complete, carefully read the instruction manual, and prepare tools such as wrenches and screwdrivers. Then, install the shearing plate, sensors, etc. Finally, connect the cables and debug and calibrate the equipment.

[0053] Controlling the shearing device to enter the borehole: After inputting the test parameters on the control panel, the control panel will control the servo motor through the driver. When the servo motor 221 is working, the motor drives the connecting shaft 218 to rotate. The connecting shaft 218 transmits the force to the second transmission shaft 225 through the coupling 219, the first transmission shaft 217, and the bevel gear 216, thereby driving the traveling wheel to rotate. The traveling wheel moves the shearing device forward by rubbing against the rock wall. The encoder 220 behind the servo motor can feed back the real-time recorded motion of the servo motor to the driver, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the shearing device's movement distance.

[0054] Shearing device loading: After the shearing device reaches the designated position inside the borehole, click "Load" on the control panel. Hydraulic oil from the pumps of the front and rear shearing mechanisms simultaneously flows into the fixed cylinder 15 through the connecting pressure ring, trapezoidal sleeve 21, and frustum-shaped sleeve 22. The hydraulic oil pushes the bidirectional pressure piston 23 to move in both upward and downward directions, thereby pushing the piston fixed tooth seat and shearing plate to move, causing the shearing teeth to cut into the surrounding rock of the borehole. After the shearing teeth reach a certain depth, hydraulic oil from the pump of the shearing force loading mechanism flows into the shearing cylinder 35 through the fourth connecting pressure ring 30, trapezoidal sleeve 21, and frustum-shaped sleeve 22. The hydraulic oil pushes the shearing piston 36 to move, thereby pushing the rear guide pad 11 to move. Since the front and rear shearing mechanisms have already been loaded and fixed before loading, the reaction force will act on the front guide pad 10, causing the shearing teeth on the two pairs of shearing plates to shear the surrounding rock of the borehole. During the loading process, the data measured by the displacement sensor and pressure sensor will be fed back to the control panel in real time.

[0055] Retrieving the shearing device: First, unload the device. During unloading, the movement of the hydraulic oil and various components is reversed compared to loading. After unloading, use the steel wire rope connected to the gearbox 205 to pull the shearing device out of the borehole. Finally, clean the impurities on the equipment and disassemble the equipment.

[0056] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent borehole shearing device for soil and rock, characterized in that, The device includes a shearing mechanism and an intelligent walking mechanism. The shearing mechanism comprises a front-end shearing mechanism, a shear force loading mechanism, and a rear-end shearing mechanism. The intelligent walking mechanism comprises a front-end walking mechanism and a rear-end walking mechanism. The front-end and rear-end shearing mechanisms apply normal stress to the surrounding rock of the borehole, and the shear force loading mechanism applies shear stress to the surrounding rock of the borehole. The front-end and rear-end walking mechanisms are used for the movement of the shearing device within the borehole. The front-end walking mechanism includes a gearbox cover, a gearbox, walking wheels, expansion wheels, guide wheels, support wheel brackets, tension springs, guide wheel cylinders, guide wheel arms, bevel gears, a first drive shaft, a connecting shaft, an encoder, a servo motor, tension spring wires, and a second drive shaft. The guide wheels are connected to two guide wheel arms by bolts and nuts, and the two guide wheel arms are connected to the support wheel brackets. Each support wheel bracket has multiple tension spring wires embedded in it, and the tension spring wires are connected to each other by tension springs. The support wheel brackets are fitted onto the guide wheel cylinders. The servo motor is connected to the connecting shaft, the encoder records the servo motor's working information, the connecting shaft is connected to the first drive shaft via a coupling, the first drive shaft is connected to one bevel gear in the gearbox, and another bevel gear in a different direction is connected to the second drive shaft. The walking wheels are fixed at both ends of the second drive shaft. The rear walking mechanism includes a guide wheel, a support wheel bracket, a tension spring, a guide wheel cylinder, a guide wheel support arm, and a tension spring hanging wire. It also includes a connecting plate and a retaining ring. The retaining ring is embedded in the inner groove of the outer cylinder. One side of the connecting plate is connected to the rear end face baffle, and the other side is connected to the guide wheel cylinder. The front-end shearing mechanism includes a front shearing plate, a front piston fixing tooth seat, a front guide pad, a guide shaft, a fixed oil cylinder, a front face baffle, a first connecting pressure ring, a second connecting pressure ring, a third connecting pressure ring, a trapezoidal sleeve, a frustum-shaped sleeve, a bidirectional pressure piston, a tension spring screw, a helical elastic retaining ring, a fixed oil cylinder cover, and a front-end displacement sensor. The middle part of the front-end shearing mechanism is a fixed oil cylinder, inside which is configured a bidirectional pressure piston. The bidirectional pressure piston is connected to the front piston fixing tooth seat by screws. The front piston fixing tooth seat is connected to the front shearing plate by an inlay, and its outer side is fixed by a fixed steel plate. The second connecting pressure ring is connected to the trapezoidal sleeve and the frustum-shaped sleeve to control the inflow of hydraulic oil. The first and third connecting pressure rings are respectively connected to the trapezoidal sleeve and the frustum-shaped sleeve to control the outflow of hydraulic oil. The front guide pad is connected to the front piston fixing tooth seat via a guide shaft. The two guide shafts are connected to the fixed oil cylinder via a connecting piece, a tension spring screw, and a tension spring to control the movement direction of the shearing plate. The shearing force loading mechanism includes a trapezoidal sleeve, a platform-shaped sleeve, a fixed cylinder cover, a fourth connecting pressure ring, a shearing cylinder, a shearing piston, a piston fixing screw, and a shearing cylinder fixing screw. The shearing cylinder is located in the middle of the shearing force loading mechanism. The fourth connecting pressure ring is connected to the trapezoidal sleeve and the platform-shaped sleeve to control the inflow and outflow of hydraulic oil. When hydraulic oil flows in, the shearing piston in the shearing cylinder pushes the rear guide pad connected to it, and the reaction force pushes the front guide pad connected to the shearing cylinder, thereby indirectly applying horizontal stress to the two pairs of shearing plates, so as to shear the surrounding rock of the borehole.

2. The intelligent borehole shearing device for soil and rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The servo motor is equipped with a motor protective cover; the expansion wheel is connected to the bottom gearbox cover by bolts and nuts, and the gearbox cover is fixed to the gearbox by plug screws.

3. The intelligent borehole shearing device for rock and soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the force on the guide wheel changes, the support wheel bracket slides on the guide wheel cylinder.

4. The intelligent borehole shearing device for soil and rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the fixed cylinder is working, the bidirectional pressure piston pushes the front piston fixed tooth seat, which indirectly pushes the front shear plate to move. At the same time, the displacement sensor in the shear plate records the normal and horizontal displacement of the shear teeth.

5. The intelligent borehole shearing device for soil and rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front-end shearing mechanism and the rear-end shearing mechanism are arranged symmetrically.

6. A method for using an intelligent borehole shearing instrument for soil and rock, characterized in that, The intelligent borehole shearing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the method of use includes: Assemble the shearing device, connect the cables, and then calibrate and adjust the shearing device. The shearing device is controlled to enter the borehole, the servo motor is controlled to move, and the encoder records the movement of the servo motor in real time. Once the shearing device is loaded and reaches the designated position, the hydraulic oil in the oil pumps of the front and rear shearing mechanisms will simultaneously cause the shearing teeth to cut into the surrounding rock of the borehole. After the shearing teeth are fixed, the shearing force loading mechanism will shear the surrounding rock of the borehole through the shearing teeth on the shearing plate. During the loading process, the data measured by the displacement sensor and pressure sensor will be fed back to the control panel in real time. After the shearing device is retrieved and the shearing force loading mechanism is unloaded, the shearing device is removed from the borehole using the steel wire rope on the gearbox, and then disassembled and cleaned.

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