A porcelain bushing testing system and method based on vibration principles

Abstract

The application discloses a porcelain sleeve test system and method based on vibration principle, relates to the technical field of porcelain sleeve test, and comprises a porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device and a vibration generating device. The vibration generating device adopts multiple groups of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units, is connected in series through a flexible alloy base strip with an embedded guide rail, and is internally provided with a pulse energy regulation module. The pulse energy regulation module utilizes an insulated gate bipolar transistor power switch and a self-adaptive frequency modulation circuit to convert electric energy into programmable time sequence pulse current. Under the drive of the pulse current, a multiple-stage impact generating unit generates a primary impact through a high-speed electromagnetic hammer, and realizes a secondary impact through a piezoelectric ceramic array. A variable cross-section resonant cavity in a composite vibration coupling mechanism converts the secondary impact into wideband vibration, which is then transmitted to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through a multi-directional waveguide sheet, so that precise and efficient vibration excitation is realized. The application breaks through the bottleneck of traditional test technology in aspects of clamping adaptability and vibration transmission efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of porcelain bushing test, and relates to a porcelain bushing test system and method based on vibration principle. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the power system, as a key insulation component of the ultra-high voltage power transmission and transformation equipment, the mechanical performance of the porcelain bushing is directly related to the safety and reliability of the power grid operation. During long-term service, the porcelain bushing is easily affected by environmental factors such as mechanical vibration and sudden temperature change, and cracks are easily generated at the weak areas such as the umbrella skirt root, which may cause serious accidents such as insulation failure. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out high-precision vibration test to timely find potential defects and prevent catastrophic failures.

[0003] At present, the porcelain bushing vibration test technology mainly includes two types of traditional vibration test bench and portable point excitation equipment. The traditional vibration test bench transmits excitation through electromagnetic or hydraulic vibration table surface and tests the whole bushing fixedly. However, in actual application, this method has significant limitations. The limitations include that due to the need to customize the clamp for different pipe diameters, the installation adaptability is poor, and the clamping process is time-consuming and lengthy; the flange clamping method is easy to cause stress damage to the porcelain; the vibration energy is attenuated by more than 40% when transmitted to the umbrella skirt through the bushing base, making it difficult to truly simulate the top vibration working condition; it is impossible to implement targeted loading on the weak areas such as the umbrella skirt root which accounts for 68% of the failure cases, resulting in a defect missed detection rate of up to 25%; the mechanical noise generated by the vibration table and the 50Hz power frequency interference are coupled with each other, and the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 45dB, which seriously interferes with the feature recognition of the micro cracks.

[0004] Although the portable point excitation equipment realizes in-situ test, it also has technical bottlenecks. The equipment uses a single electromagnetic exciter to directly contact the surface of the bushing, which is restricted by the single-point excitation characteristics and is difficult to excite full-circumferential modal, and can only cover an arc surface area of less than 90°. Even if the multi-device parallel scheme is adopted, there is still a lack of effective phase coordination control means; the magnetic attraction or binding tape fixing method not only has low positioning efficiency, but also takes an average of 8 minutes for single adjustment, and the contact impedance fluctuation is more than 30% due to uneven pre-tightening force; in terms of energy transmission, the power consumption of a single device is more than 200W under continuous electromagnetic vibration mode, and the high-frequency response attenuation is obvious; in addition, the exciter metal shell and the bushing flange are not connected to the same potential, which increases the risk of partial discharge to 3 times of the normal level.

[0005] In summary, due to the insufficient rigidity structure adaptability, low vibration energy transmission efficiency and weak multi-source interference suppression capability, the existing vibration test technology is difficult to meet the strict requirements of the ultra-high voltage porcelain bushing for full-circumferential, multi-modal vibration test. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a special test system integrating dynamic clamping, phase-coordinated excitation and electromechanical isolation functions, to break through the systematic bottlenecks of installation efficiency, positioning accuracy and signal fidelity, and to ensure the safe and stable operation of the ultra-high voltage power grid. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the rigidity structure is not suitable, the vibration energy transmission efficiency is low, and the multi-source interference suppression ability is weak, which is difficult to meet the strict requirements of the ultra-high voltage porcelain sleeve on the full circumference and multi-mode vibration test, and to provide a porcelain sleeve test system based on vibration principle.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] The first aspect of the present disclosure provides a porcelain sleeve test system based on vibration principle, comprising a porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device and a vibration generating device, wherein the porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device is arranged on the surface of the porcelain sleeve for monitoring the vibration information of the porcelain sleeve; the vibration generating device comprises a plurality of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units, each group of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units is connected in series through a flexible alloy base band with embedded guide rails, the flexible alloy base band is in contact with the metal flange of the porcelain sleeve; the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit comprises a pulse energy regulation module, a multi-stage impact generating unit and a composite vibration coupling mechanism; the pulse energy regulation module comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor power switch and an adaptive frequency modulation circuit, which is used to convert the input electric energy into programmable time sequence pulse current according to the set frequency; the multi-stage impact generating unit comprises a high-speed electromagnetic hammer and a piezoelectric ceramic array; after the programmable time sequence pulse current drives the high-speed electromagnetic hammer to produce a primary impact, a secondary impact is generated in the piezoelectric ceramic matrix; the composite vibration coupling mechanism comprises a variable cross-section resonant cavity and a multi-directional waveguide sheet; the secondary impact enters the variable cross-section resonant cavity to convert into broadband vibration, and the broadband vibration is transmitted to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through the multi-directional waveguide sheet.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device comprises a three-axis acceleration sensor and a data processing unit, wherein the three-axis acceleration sensor is used to collect the vibration information of the porcelain sleeve; the data processing unit is used to analyze the collected vibration information to obtain test results, and adjust the test frequency according to the test results.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the flexible alloy base band is a three-layer composite structure; the three-layer composite structure comprises an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer of the flexible alloy base band is a silica gel gasket, the silica gel gasket is in anti-skid contact with the metal flange of the porcelain sleeve; the middle layer of the flexible alloy base band is embedded in the guide rail system; the outer layer of the flexible alloy base band is provided with a positioning clamping groove; the guide rail system is dovetail type.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit is provided with a positioning locking mechanism at the bottom, and the positioning locking mechanism is engaged with the positioning clamping groove.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the guide rail system is dovetail type; the positioning clamping groove is set as equidistant trapezoidal clamping groove; and a conductive mesh is pre-embedded in the positioning clamping groove.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the positioning and locking mechanism comprises an elastic lock and a ratchet tightening mechanism, wherein the ratchet tightening mechanism is a bidirectional ratchet gear mechanism arranged at both ends of the flexible alloy base strip; the elastic lock and the ratchet tightening mechanism cooperate to lock the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the elastic lock module is arranged at the bottom of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit; the elastic lock expands by rotating the driving spring latch tongue to generate a vertical downward locking force, and rigidly engages with the positioning clamping groove to form an annular array, which cooperates with the bidirectional ratchet gear rack in the ratchet tightening mechanism to uniformly apply a circumferential pre-tightening force to the annular array, so as to adjust the fixed position of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit and lock it.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the multi-stage impact generation unit further comprises a nonlinear damper connected with the piezoelectric ceramic matrix for suppressing impact rebound.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit adopts a layered electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite structure, which combines the impedance gradient conversion principle of the variable cross-section resonant cavity to convert the input electric energy into wide-frequency vibration.

[0017] The second aspect of the present disclosure provides a porcelain bushing test method based on vibration principle, which comprises: setting the frequency and phase difference of the pulse through a programmable pulse time sequence generator, triggering the pulse energy regulation module to convert the input electric energy into a programmable time sequence pulse current at the set frequency; driving the high-speed electromagnetic hammer in the multi-stage impact generation unit to generate a primary impact through the programmable time sequence pulse current, and then generating a secondary impact through the piezoelectric ceramic array in the multi-stage impact generation unit; converting the secondary impact into wide-frequency vibration through the variable cross-section resonant cavity in the composite vibration coupling mechanism, and transmitting the vibration to the surface of the porcelain bushing through the multi-directional waveguide sheet in the composite vibration coupling mechanism; collecting and analyzing the vibration information of the porcelain bushing through the porcelain bushing vibration monitoring device to obtain the test result, and adjusting the test frequency according to the test result.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The vibration generating device adopts a structure of multiple groups of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units connected in series through flexible alloy base strips with embedded guide rails. Compared with traditional vibration test benches that require customized fixtures and take a long time to clamp and are prone to damage the porcelain parts, the flexible series structure can flexibly adapt to porcelain bushings of different diameters, greatly improving installation efficiency, avoiding stress damage caused by rigid clamping, and significantly reducing test preparation time and the risk of porcelain damage.

[0020] 2. The multi-stage impact generating unit in the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit first generates a primary impact under the drive of a programmable time sequence pulse current by a high-speed electromagnetic hammer, and then realizes a secondary impact through a piezoelectric ceramic array, forming a two-stage impact mode. Compared with the traditional single-point excitation that is difficult to excite full-circumferential modes, this mode can generate more abundant vibration excitation. Combined with a composite vibration coupling mechanism, it uses a variable cross-section resonant cavity to convert the secondary impact into wideband vibration, and accurately transmits it to the surface of the porcelain bushing through multi-directional waveguide sheets, which can effectively excite full-circumferential multi-mode vibration of the porcelain bushing, significantly improve the coverage of vibration excitation, and target load on weak areas such as the umbrella skirt root, reducing the defect miss rate.

[0021] 3. The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) power switch and adaptive frequency modulation circuit in the pulse energy regulation module can efficiently convert electric energy into programmable time sequence pulse current, providing stable energy input for multi-stage impact. Compared with portable point excitation devices that have low energy conversion efficiency and significant high-frequency response attenuation, the energy transfer process of this system has low loss, and through electromechanical isolation design, it avoids the risk of partial discharge caused by the potential difference between the metal shell and the bushing flange, reduces mechanical noise and power frequency interference, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, effectively ensures the accuracy of micro-crack feature recognition, and realizes high-precision vibration testing.

[0022] 4. The three-layer composite structure design of the flexible alloy base strip realizes multi-dimensional technical optimization, including the inner layer of high-friction coefficient silicone pad forming a non-slip contact surface with the porcelain bushing metal flange, which increases the static friction force to prevent displacement of the device during testing, ensuring stable conduction of vibration energy; the middle layer of embedded dovetail guide rail system provides a smooth and non-loose sliding track for the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit with its high load capacity and guiding precision, supporting fast positioning and fine adjustment of the unit on the base strip; the outer layer of equidistant trapezoidal positioning card slot not only realizes uniform circumferential distribution of the conversion unit through a regular array, but also forms a grounding path with the gold-plated spring needle, which suppresses electromagnetic interference while maintaining system equipotential protection.

[0023] 5. The elastic lock of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit bottom generates a vertical downward locking force by rotating drive, and forms a rigid engagement with the clamping groove; the ratchet tightening mechanism at both ends of the flexible alloy base band uniformly applies a circumferential pretightening force to the entire annular array by using the one-way locking feature of the bidirectional ratchet rack, and the two mechanisms work together to make the conversion unit closely fit the surface of the porcelain sleeve, which not only adapts to the self-adaptive adjustment of different diameter flanges, but also avoids energy loss caused by loosening during vibration.

[0024] 6. The regular design of equidistant trapezoidal clamping grooves cooperates with the precise guidance of dovetail guide rails, so that the conversion unit can realize millimeter-level positioning on the base band, and finally form an integrated test platform with installation convenience, structural stability and electromagnetic compatibility combined with the grounding shielding function of the conductive copper mesh. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 Installation diagram of the porcelain sleeve test system based on vibration detection;

[0027] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit;

[0028] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the track-type self-adaptive connection assembly;

[0029] Figure 4 Flowchart of the porcelain sleeve test method based on vibration principle.

[0030] 1, porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device; 2, porcelain sleeve; 3, vibration generating device; 31, electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit; 4, flexible alloy base band; 41, positioning clamping groove; 42, guide rail system; 43, silica gel gasket; 5, elastic lock; 6, ratchet tightening mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and indicated in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed, but merely represents selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the application without creative labor fall within the scope of the application.

[0033] It should be noted that similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the application, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the product of the application is usually placed, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for differentiation and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is relatively more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the application, it should also be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, if the terms "arrangement", "installation", "connection", "connection" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] The application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0038] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the application discloses a porcelain sleeve testing system based on vibration principle, which comprises a porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device 1 and a vibration generating device 3, wherein,

[0039] The porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device 1 is arranged on the surface of the porcelain sleeve 2, and is used for monitoring the vibration information of the porcelain sleeve;

[0040] The vibration generating device 3 comprises four groups of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units 31, each group of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units 31 is connected in series through a flexible alloy base strip 4 with embedded guide rails, and the flexible alloy base strip 4 is in contact with the metal flange of the porcelain sleeve;

[0041] The electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31 comprises a pulse energy regulation module, a multi-stage impact generating unit and a composite vibration coupling mechanism.

[0042] The pulse energy regulation module comprises an IGBT power switch and an adaptive frequency modulation circuit, which is used for converting the input electric energy into a programmable time sequence pulse current according to a set frequency.

[0043] The multi-stage impact generating unit comprises a high-speed electromagnetic hammer and a piezoelectric ceramic array; after the programmable time sequence pulse current drives the high-speed electromagnetic hammer to generate a primary impact, the primary impact enters the piezoelectric ceramic array to generate a secondary impact.

[0044] The composite vibration coupling mechanism comprises a variable cross-section resonant cavity and a multi-directional waveguide sheet; the secondary impact enters the variable cross-section resonant cavity to be converted into a broadband vibration, and the broadband vibration is transmitted to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through the multi-directional waveguide sheet.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 2 The multi-stage impact generating unit further comprises a nonlinear damper; the nonlinear damper is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic array and is used for suppressing impact rebound.

[0046] In some embodiments, the porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device 1 comprises a three-axis acceleration sensor and a data processing unit, wherein the three-axis acceleration sensor is used for collecting vibration information of the porcelain sleeve 2; the data processing unit is used for analyzing the collected vibration information to obtain a test result, and adjusting a test vibration frequency according to the test result.

[0047] In some embodiments, the composite vibration coupling mechanism uses the impedance gradient change principle of the variable cross-section resonant cavity to realize broadband vibration conversion of the secondary reinforced impact energy of the piezoelectric effect of the electric ceramic array, and eliminates multi-modal vibration interference through a phase compensation algorithm; the impact energy is transmitted to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through the multi-directional waveguide sheet.

[0048] In some embodiments, the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31 adopts a layered electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite impact unit to generate broadband vibration, and realizes directional conversion of impact energy-vibration energy through a variable cross-section resonant cavity. The layered electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite impact unit breaks through the continuous energy supply mode of the traditional vibration generator, adopts an impact energy threshold accumulation and directional release strategy, reduces the overall power consumption while maintaining the peak excitation force, and realizes vibration waveform reconstruction through an impact time sequence coding technology, which is especially suitable for emerging fields such as high-precision vibration calibration, directional energy transmission and intelligent haptic feedback.

[0049] Further, referring to Figure 3 , in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , on the basis of the embodiment shown, the porcelain sleeve test system has the advantages of convenient installation, structural stability and electromagnetic compatibility through the design of the track-type adaptive connection assembly. The track-type adaptive connection assembly includes a flexible alloy base strip 4, a positioning and locking mechanism, and a vibration isolation-conduction composite layer.

[0050] In some embodiments, the flexible alloy base strip 4 adopts a three-layer composite structure, the inner layer is a high-friction silicone pad 43 to ensure anti-slip contact with the porcelain sleeve metal flange; the middle layer is embedded with a guide rail system 42; and the outer layer is provided with equidistant trapezoidal positioning slots 41.

[0051] In some embodiments, the guide rail system 42 is a dovetail type; the positioning slots 41 are equidistant trapezoidal slots; and a conductive mesh is pre-embedded in the positioning slots 41.

[0052] In some embodiments, the positioning and locking mechanism is provided at the bottom of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31 and engages with the positioning slots 41.

[0053] In some embodiments, the positioning and locking mechanism includes an elastic lock 5 at the bottom of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31 and a ratchet tightening mechanism 6 provided at both ends of the flexible alloy base strip 4. The elastic lock 5 is used to generate a vertical locking force by cooperating with a knob-type locking pin through a spring latch, and the ratchet tightening mechanism 6 is used to convert torque into circumferential pre-tightening force. The ratchet tightening mechanism 6 is combined with planetary gear transmission, which cooperates with the effects of speed reduction and torque increase and one-way locking.

[0054] Further, the elastic lock 5 expands to generate a vertical downward locking force by rotating the driving spring latch, engages with the positioning slots 41, forms a ring array that can freely slide and has self-locking function, cooperates with the ratchet tightening mechanism 6 to uniformly apply circumferential pre-tightening force to the ring array, and can realize the adjustment and automatic locking of the fixed position of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31.

[0055] In some embodiments, the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31 is fixed on the flexible alloy base strip 4 by the positioning and locking mechanism, after the position is determined, the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31 is tightly attached to the flexible alloy base strip 4 by the ratchet tightening mechanism 6, and then the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit 31 is locked and fixed at the current position by the elastic lock 5 at the bottom.

[0056] It should be noted that the ratchet tightening mechanism 6 is a mechanical device that realizes one-way adjustment and automatic locking by using a ratchet mechanism, thereby realizing the function of "only tightening, not backtracking". The core is the one-way movement characteristic. When the ratchet is driven to rotate or move in the "contraction" direction (for example, clockwise) by external force, the pawl tip will slide over the inclined surface of the ratchet tooth, be lifted and pass over the tooth top, and fall into the next tooth groove. This process allows the ratchet to rotate / move smoothly, realizing continuous tightening; when the external force tries to make the ratchet rotate or move in the opposite direction (equivalent to the "relaxation" direction, for example, counterclockwise), the pawl tip will be stuck on the vertical surface or the steep surface close to the vertical surface of the ratchet tooth. At this time, the pawl and the tooth surface form a rigid block, preventing the ratchet from reversing, thereby firmly locking the tightened state.

[0057] In some embodiments, the vibration-conduction composite layer suppresses vibration cross-talk through gradient impedance material, and establishes a ground path through the gold-plated spring needle of the copper mesh in the positioning card slot 41.

[0058] In some embodiments, when installing the porcelain sleeve test system of the present disclosure, the flexible alloy baseband of the track-type adaptive connection assembly is sleeved around the bottom flange of the porcelain sleeve, preliminarily engages the ratchet tightening mechanism 6, including the tightening bidirectional ratchet rack; then the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit is slid to the preset mark position, such as the corresponding point at the root of the umbrella skirt, and the knob-type locking pin at the bottom of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit is rotated clockwise by 90° to drive the spring latching tongue to expand, generating a vertical locking force to achieve precise positioning; the ratchet handle is pulled to complete the circumferential pre-tightening.

[0059] In some embodiments, when testing using the porcelain sleeve test system of the present disclosure, the programmable pulse timing generator of the main control system outputs excitation signals with a specific phase difference, which can be adjusted from 0 to 180°, and is converted into a high-voltage pulse by an IGBT power switch group to drive a multi-stage impact generation unit, that is, a high-speed electromagnetic hammer to generate an axial mechanical impact, and a piezoelectric ceramic array to synchronize the impact energy, which is converted into a wide-frequency vibration through a variable cross-section resonant cavity, and is transmitted to the surface of the sleeve through a multi-directional waveguide sheet. The vibration monitoring device collects response data in real time and returns them to the main control system, analyzes the data to output test results, and adjusts the test vibration frequency.

[0060] In some embodiments, when disassembling the porcelain sleeve test system of the present disclosure, the ratchet safety catch is triggered to release the pre-tightening force, and the locking pin can be rotated counterclockwise by 90° to release the device fixation. The whole process relies on the conductive copper mesh in the inner layer of the baseband to maintain equipotential protection, and the outer layer of the gradient impedance layer suppresses vibration feedback, ensuring that the system works normally without interference.

[0061] Referring to Figure 4 The present disclosure provides a porcelain sleeve test method based on vibration principle, applied to the porcelain sleeve test system based on vibration principle of the present disclosure, which comprises steps S101-S104.

[0062] S101, set the frequency and phase difference of the pulse through the programmable pulse timing generator, trigger the pulse energy regulation module to convert the input electric energy into programmable timing pulse current at the set frequency;

[0063] S102, drive the high-speed electromagnetic hammer in the multi-stage impact generation unit to produce a primary impact through the programmable timing pulse current, and then produce a secondary impact through the piezoelectric ceramic array in the multi-stage impact generation unit;

[0064] S103, convert the secondary impact into broadband vibration through the variable cross-section resonant cavity in the composite vibration coupling mechanism, and transmit it to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through the multidirectional waveguide sheet in the composite vibration coupling mechanism;

[0065] S104, collect and analyze the vibration information of the porcelain sleeve through the porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device, obtain the test result, and adjust the test frequency according to the test result.

[0066] In summary, the porcelain sleeve test system and method based on the vibration principle provided by the application realize multi-dimensional technical advantages through the cooperative design of the vibration monitoring device and the vibration generating device. The vibration monitoring device can accurately collect porcelain sleeve vibration information in real time and perform dynamic analysis based on the edge computing capability of the three-axis acceleration sensor and the data processing chip, ensuring high resolution and timeliness of the monitoring data. The four groups of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units of the vibration generating device adopt a layered electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite structure, combined with the impedance gradient conversion principle of the variable cross-section resonant cavity, to efficiently convert electric energy into wideband vibration energy. Compared with the traditional continuous energy supply mode, through the impact energy threshold accumulation and directional release strategy, the overall power consumption is significantly reduced while maintaining the peak excitation force, and the vibration waveform is accurately reconstructed using timing coding technology to meet the high-precision vibration calibration requirements. The flexible alloy baseband of the track-type self-adaptive connection assembly is designed through a three-layer composite structure, the inner layer of high-friction silicone rubber gasket and metal flange anti-slip contact, the middle layer of dovetail guide rail and outer layer of positioning slot elastic lock and ratchet tightening mechanism, realizing the circumferential pre-tightening and accurate positioning of the electric energy impact unit, which not only ensures the convenience of installation and disassembly, but also adapts to the shape profile of different specifications of porcelain sleeves. The gradient impedance material of the vibration isolation-conduction composite layer effectively suppresses vibration crosstalk, and the grounding path constructed by the conductive copper mesh and the gold-plated spring needle ensures equipotential protection and improves the system's anti-interference ability. During the test process, the programmable pulse timing generator adjusts the phase difference to drive the multi-stage impact generating unit to produce directional mechanical impact, and the vibration energy is accurately transmitted to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through the multi-directional waveguide sheet, and the real-time data return and analysis of the vibration monitoring device are synchronized to realize dynamic adjustment of the test frequency, forming a closed-loop control system. The overall technical scheme has significant advantages in vibration energy conversion efficiency, installation adaptability, anti-interference performance, and test accuracy, and is especially suitable for emerging fields such as high-precision vibration calibration and directional energy transmission.

[0067] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A porcelain bushing test system based on the principle of vibration, characterized in that, The porcelain sleeve test system comprises a porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device and a vibration generating device, wherein, The porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device is arranged on the surface of the porcelain sleeve for monitoring the vibration information of the porcelain sleeve; The vibration generating device comprises a plurality of groups of electric energy impact-vibration conversion units, each group of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion units is connected in series through a flexible alloy base strip with an embedded guide rail, and the flexible alloy base strip is in contact with the metal flange of the porcelain sleeve; The electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit comprises a pulse energy regulation module, a multi-stage impact generating unit and a composite vibration coupling mechanism; The pulse energy regulation module comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor power switch and an adaptive frequency modulation circuit, which is used for converting the input electric energy into a programmable time sequence pulse current according to the set frequency; The multi-stage impact generating unit comprises a high-speed electromagnetic hammer and a piezoelectric ceramic array; after the programmable time sequence pulse current drives the high-speed electromagnetic hammer to generate a primary impact, a secondary impact is generated in the piezoelectric ceramic matrix; The composite vibration coupling mechanism comprises a variable cross-section resonant cavity and a multi-directional waveguide sheet; the secondary impact enters the variable cross-section resonant cavity to be converted into a broadband vibration, and the broadband vibration is transmitted to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through the multi-directional waveguide sheet.

2. The vibration-based porcelain bushing test system of claim 1, wherein, The porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device comprises a three-axis acceleration sensor and a data processing unit, wherein, The three-axis acceleration sensor is used for collecting the vibration information of the porcelain sleeve; The data processing unit is used for analyzing the collected vibration information to obtain test results, and adjusting the test frequency according to the test results.

3. The vibration-based porcelain bushing test system of claim 1, wherein, The flexible alloy base strip is a three-layer composite structure; the three-layer composite structure comprises an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, wherein, The inner layer of the flexible alloy base strip is a silica gel gasket, and the silica gel gasket is in anti-skid contact with the metal flange of the porcelain sleeve; The middle layer of the flexible alloy base strip is embedded with a guide rail system; and the outer layer of the flexible alloy base strip is provided with a positioning clamping groove.

4. The vibration-based porcelain bushing test system of claim 3, wherein, The bottom of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit is provided with a positioning locking mechanism, and the positioning locking mechanism is engaged with the positioning clamping groove.

5. The vibration-based porcelain bushing test system of claim 3, wherein, The guide rail system is a dovetail type; the positioning clamping groove is set as an equidistant trapezoidal clamping groove; and a conductive mesh is pre-embedded in the positioning clamping groove.

6. The vibration-based porcelain bushing test system of claim 4, wherein, The positioning locking mechanism comprises an elastic lock and a ratchet tightening mechanism, wherein, The ratchet tightening mechanism is a bidirectional ratchet tooth mechanism, which is arranged at both ends of the flexible alloy base strip; The elastic lock module is arranged at the bottom of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit; The elastic lock and the ratchet tightening mechanism cooperate to lock the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit.

7. The porcelain sleeve test system based on the vibration principle according to claim 6, wherein The elastic lock expands to generate a vertical downward locking force by rotating the driving spring latch, and is rigidly engaged with the positioning clamping groove to form an annular array, and cooperates with the bidirectional ratchet rack in the ratchet tightening mechanism to uniformly apply a circumferential pre-tightening force to the annular array, so as to adjust the fixed position of the electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit and lock it.

8. The vibration-based porcelain bushing test system of claim 1, wherein, The multi-stage impact generating unit further comprises a nonlinear damper connected with the piezoelectric ceramic matrix for suppressing impact rebound.

9. The vibration-based porcelain bushing test system of claim 1, wherein, The electric energy impact-vibration conversion unit adopts a layered electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite structure, combines the impedance gradient conversion principle of the variable cross-section resonant cavity, and converts the input electric energy into the wide-frequency vibration.

10. A method for testing porcelain bushings based on the principle of vibrations, applied to the system for testing porcelain bushings based on the principle of vibrations according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by, The method comprises: Setting the frequency and phase difference of the pulse by a programmable pulse timing generator, triggering the pulse energy regulation module to convert the input electric energy into a programmable timing pulse current at the set frequency; Driving a high-speed electromagnetic hammer in the multi-stage impact generating unit to generate a primary impact through the programmable timing pulse current, and then generating a secondary impact through a piezoelectric ceramic array in the multi-stage impact generating unit; Converting the secondary impact into a wide-frequency vibration through a variable cross-section resonant cavity in the composite vibration coupling mechanism, and transmitting the vibration to the surface of the porcelain sleeve through a multi-directional waveguide sheet in the composite vibration coupling mechanism; Collecting and analyzing the vibration information of the porcelain sleeve through the porcelain sleeve vibration monitoring device to obtain a test result, and adjusting the test frequency according to the test result.

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