Composition, negative electrode and battery

Abstract

The invention provides a composition, a negative electrode and a battery. The composition comprises a composition particle and a dispersed particle, wherein the composition particle and the dispersed particle are both active materials. The composition particles comprise a niobium-titanium composite oxide, and the niobium-titanium composite oxide comprises a niobium element and a titanium element. The dispersed particles comprise a structural element oxide, the structural element oxide comprises a structural element, and the structural element is selected from at least two of a group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese and nickel. When specific conditions are met, the safety, the service life, the stability and the capacitance of the battery are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a composition, a negative electrode and a battery, and more particularly to a composition, a negative electrode and a battery capable of improving battery safety, service life, stability and capacitance. Background Art

[0002] Current battery research and development targets high energy density, high operating voltage, fast charging speed, and long cycle life. Currently, commonly used negative electrode materials are carbon or graphite. During high current cycling, the layered structures of carbon or graphite cannot withstand the rapid insertion and removal of ions, easily causing irreversible structural collapse and reducing capacity and storage life. Furthermore, when the current density is too high, polarization is likely to occur, causing lithium ions to be reduced to lithium metal on the electrode surface and form lithium dendrites, leading to internal short circuits and safety concerns.

[0003] Furthermore, the theoretical energy density of graphite is far lower than the kinetic energy requirements of large-scale power devices such as electric vehicles. Therefore, the introduction of high-energy-density silicon-based materials as new negative electrode materials has become a trend in the development of subsequent lithium batteries. However, research has shown that after repeated charge and discharge cycles, batteries containing silicon-based materials experience drastic volume changes due to the repeated insertion and removal of lithium ions within the silicon-based material, which can even cause the material to rupture, seriously affecting the structural stability of the negative electrode and significantly shortening the battery's lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure uses niobium-titanium composite oxide and multi-element oxide to form a composition for application in negative electrode materials. The multi-element oxide is evenly distributed around the niobium-titanium composite oxide, which not only simplifies the preparation process but also helps to stabilize the structure of the composition and improve energy density. The composition is an oxide itself with high heat resistance, which helps to improve the safety and service life of the battery in a high temperature environment. During the redox process of the composition, the crystal volume changes little and has high mechanical stability, so it can adapt to a larger current density and maintain the integrity of the overall structure, avoiding the problem of poor battery cycle life due to structural damage. The multiple oxides in the composition have similar redox potentials, which helps to make the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) more uniform during the charge and discharge process, not only reducing the problem of reduced capacity and increased overall battery impedance due to consumption of lithium ions, but also avoiding the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby enhancing the safety of battery use.

[0005] According to the present disclosure, a composition is provided, comprising a component particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are an active material. The component particle comprises a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium. The dispersed particle comprises a structural element oxide containing a structural element, wherein the structural element is at least two selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel.

[0006] According to the present disclosure, a negative electrode is provided, comprising the composition as described in the preceding paragraph and a conductive agent.

[0007] According to the present disclosure, a battery is provided, comprising the negative electrode as described in the preceding paragraph.

[0008] According to the present disclosure, a composition is provided, comprising a component particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials. The component particle comprises a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium. The dispersed particle comprises a structural element composite oxide containing at least three structural elements.

[0009] According to the present disclosure, a negative electrode is provided, comprising the composition as described in the preceding paragraph.

[0010] According to the present disclosure, a battery is provided, comprising the negative electrode as described in the preceding paragraph. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] To make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the accompanying drawings are described as follows:

[0012] Figure 1 is a differential diagram of the constant current charge and discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery of the first comparative example;

[0013] Figure 2 FIG1 is a differential diagram of the constant current charge and discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery of the second comparative example;

[0014] Figure 3A A scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode in the battery of Comparative Example 3;

[0015] Figure 3B This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the third comparative example discharged at a current of 1C;

[0016] Figure 4A is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the constituent particles in the battery of the first embodiment;

[0017] Figure 4B is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of dispersed particles in the battery of the first embodiment;

[0018] Figure 4C A differential diagram of the constant current charge and discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery of the first embodiment;

[0019] Figure 4D is a third differential graph of the charging curve of the battery of the first embodiment;

[0020] Figure 4E is a third differential graph of the discharge curve of the battery of the first embodiment;

[0021] Figure 4F A scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode in the battery of the first embodiment; and

[0022] Figure 4G The diagram shows the cycle of the battery of the first embodiment being discharged at currents of 1C, 4C, and 6C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a component particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials. The component particle comprises a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium. The dispersed particle comprises a structural element oxide containing a structural element selected from at least two of the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel. Thus, the present disclosure utilizes the niobium-titanium composite oxide and a multi-element oxide to form a composition for use in a negative electrode material. The multi-element oxide is uniformly distributed around the niobium-titanium composite oxide, simplifying the preparation process and enhancing the structural stability and energy density of the composition. The oxide composition itself possesses high heat resistance, which helps improve battery safety and service life in high-temperature environments. The composition exhibits minimal crystal volume change and high mechanical stability during the redox process, enabling it to withstand high current densities while maintaining overall structural integrity, thus avoiding the problem of poor battery cycle life due to structural damage. By having multiple oxides in the composition with similar redox potentials, the solid electrolyte interface film is formed more uniformly during the charge and discharge process. This not only reduces the problems of reduced capacity and increased overall battery impedance due to lithium ion consumption, but also avoids the formation of lithium dendrites, enhancing battery safety.

[0024] Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a component particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials. The component particle comprises a niobium-titanium composite oxide containing niobium and titanium. The dispersed particle comprises a structural element composite oxide containing at least three structural elements. Compared to single-element oxides, the multi-element oxide possesses multiple elements and similar redox potentials. This multi-element oxide offers advantages such as a richer redox reaction, higher electrochemical activity, and higher conductivity, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the material, contributing to increased capacity retention and superior cycle life.

[0025] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the composition can have at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within the voltage range of 0.05 V to 4.00 V. Thus, by having oxidation peaks or reduction peaks within the voltage range, the composition can have more abundant redox reactions, which helps to improve the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0026] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the constituent particles to the composition is pWtn, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the composition is pWen. These ratios may satisfy the following conditions: 0.20 ≤ pWtn / pWen ≤ 5.00. Thus, by maintaining an appropriate ratio of constituent particles to dispersed particles, the battery's charging efficiency and energy density can be improved. Alternatively, the composition may satisfy the following conditions: 0.25 ≤ pWtn / pWen ≤ 4.00. Alternatively, the composition may satisfy the following conditions: 0.30 ≤ pWtn / pWen ≤ 3.50. Alternatively, the composition may satisfy the following conditions: 0.35 ≤ pWtn / pWen ≤ 3.00. Alternatively, the composition may satisfy the following conditions: 0.38 ≤ pWtn / pWen ≤ 2.80. Alternatively, the composition may satisfy the following conditions: 0.40 ≤ pWtn / pWen ≤ 2.50. Alternatively, the composition may satisfy the following conditions: 0.40 ≤ pWtn / pWen ≤ 0.60. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.85≤pWtn / pWen≤1.15. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 2.25≤pWtn / pWen≤2.50.

[0027] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the cumulative particle size of the constituent particles, tnD50, and the cumulative particle size of the dispersed particles, enD50, can satisfy the following condition: 0.05 ≤ Log(tnD50 / enD50) ≤ 2.50. Thus, by maintaining an appropriate size ratio between the particle sizes of the constituent particles and the dispersed particles, the dispersed particles can be more evenly dispersed and have a greater contact area with the constituent particles. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the following condition: 0.10 ≤ Log(tnD50 / enD50) ≤ 2.30. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the following condition: 0.20 ≤ Log(tnD50 / enD50) ≤ 2.00. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the following condition: 0.30 ≤ Log(tnD50 / enD50) ≤ 1.80. Alternatively, the composition can satisfy the following condition: 0.40 ≤ Log(tnD50 / enD50) ≤ 1.60. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.50≤Log(tnD50 / enD50)≤1.50.

[0028] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the cumulative particle size of the constituent particles is tnD50, which can meet the following conditions: 0.50 μm ≤ tnD50 ≤ 50.00 μm. Thus, by having the cumulative particle size of the constituent particles meet the appropriate size, the stability of the constituent particle structure is maintained and the battery life is improved. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 1.00 μm ≤ tnD50 ≤ 30.00 μm. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 1.50 μm ≤ tnD50 ≤ 20.00 μm. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 2.00 μm ≤ tnD50 ≤ 15.00 μm. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 5.00 μm ≤ tnD50 ≤ 10.00 μm.

[0029] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the cumulative particle size of the dispersed particles is enD50, which can meet the following conditions: 0.01 μm ≤ enD50 ≤ 5.00 μm. Thus, by ensuring that the cumulative particle size of the dispersed particles meets the appropriate size, the dispersibility of the dispersed particles is increased, thereby improving energy density. Alternatively, the composition can meet the following conditions: 0.05 μm ≤ enD50 ≤ 4.00 μm. Alternatively, the composition can meet the following conditions: 0.10 μm ≤ enD50 ≤ 3.00 μm. Alternatively, the composition can meet the following conditions: 0.20 μm ≤ enD50 ≤ 2.50 μm. Alternatively, the composition can meet the following conditions: 0.30 μm ≤ enD50 ≤ 1.50 μm.

[0030] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the observed particle size of the constituent particles is SDtn, which may satisfy the following condition: 0.50 μm ≤ SDtn ≤ 50.00 μm. Thus, by having the observed particle size of the constituent particles meet the appropriate size, the structural integrity of the constituent particles is improved. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.00 μm ≤ SDtn ≤ 35.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.50 μm ≤ SDtn ≤ 25.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 2.00 μm ≤ SDtn ≤ 20.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 2.50 μm ≤ SDtn ≤ 18.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 3.00 μm ≤ SDtn ≤ 15.00 μm.

[0031] According to the composition of the present disclosure, the observed particle size of the dispersed particles is SDen, which may satisfy the following conditions: 0.01 μm ≤ SDen ≤ 5.00 μm. Thus, by satisfying the appropriate size of the observed particle size of the dispersed particles, it helps to increase the dispersibility of the dispersed particles and thus improve the energy density. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.03 μm ≤ SDen ≤ 4.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.05 μm ≤ SDen ≤ 3.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.10 μm ≤ SDen ≤ 2.50 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.15 μm ≤ SDen ≤ 2.00 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.20 μm ≤ SDen ≤ 1.50 μm. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.25 μm ≤ SDen ≤ 1.00 μm.

[0032] According to the composition disclosed herein, the structural element oxide can contain at least two selected from copper, tin, silicon, iron, and manganese. Thus, by combining the physical and chemical properties of each element, the structural element oxide is composed of at least two specific elements, thereby helping to improve energy density.

[0033] According to the composition disclosed herein, the structural element in the structural element oxide can be selected from at least three of copper, tin, silicon, iron, and manganese. Thus, by virtue of the structural element oxide being composed of at least three specific elements, the multi-element oxide composition exhibits a wider range of redox reactions and higher electrochemical activity compared to single-element oxides.

[0034] According to the composition disclosed herein, the structural element composite oxide can contain at least three elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel. Thus, by including at least three specific elements in the structural element composite oxide, the multi-element oxide composition exhibits a wider range of redox reactions and higher electrochemical activity compared to single-element oxides.

[0035] According to the composition disclosed herein, the structural element composite oxide can be selected from at least one of the group consisting of silicon-tin-iron composite oxides, silicon-copper-manganese composite oxides, tin-copper-cobalt composite oxides, tin-manganese-nickel composite oxides, copper-manganese-nickel composite oxides, and copper-tin-nickel composite oxides. Thus, by using a specific ternary composite oxide as a component material, the battery can accommodate higher current densities while maintaining overall structural integrity, thereby helping to improve the cycle life of the battery.

[0036] Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material comprises the aforementioned composition and a conductive agent.

[0037] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the weight ratio of the composition to the negative electrode material is pWo, and the weight ratio of the conductive agent to the negative electrode material is pWc, which can meet the following conditions: 2.80≤pWo / pWc≤3.80. Thus, by having an appropriate weight ratio between the composition and the conductive agent, it helps to maintain a balance between the improvement of energy density and conductivity. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 2.90≤pWo / pWc≤3.70. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 3.00≤pWo / pWc≤3.60. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 3.10≤pWo / pWc≤3.50. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 3.15≤pWo / pWc≤3.40. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 3.20≤pWo / pWc≤3.30.

[0038] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20 V to 3.00 V. Thus, by having oxidation peaks or reduction peaks within the voltage range, the negative electrode material can have more abundant redox reactions, which helps to improve the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0039] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks within the voltage range of 1.00 V to 2.50 V, and at least two reduction peaks within the voltage range of 0.20 V to 2.00 V. Thus, by analyzing the negative electrode material having multiple oxidation peaks during charging and multiple reduction peaks during discharging, higher electrochemical activity is provided, which helps improve capacity retention.

[0040] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the peak value of a first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, and the peak value of a second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa2, which can meet the following condition: 0.50 ≤ Ipa1 / Ipa2 ≤ 5.00. Thus, by calculating the peak ratio of the first oxidation peak to the second oxidation peak, and by having the two oxidation peaks have similar oxidation potentials, it helps to reduce the problem of increased impedance after repeated charge and discharge of the battery. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.60 ≤ Ipa1 / Ipa2 ≤ 4.00. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.70 ≤ Ipa1 / Ipa2 ≤ 3.50. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.80 ≤ Ipa1 / Ipa2 ≤ 3.00. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.90 ≤ Ipa1 / Ipa2 ≤ 2.80. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 1.00 ≤ Ipa1 / Ipa2 ≤ 2.50.

[0041] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the peak value of a first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1, and the peak value of a second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc2, which may satisfy the following condition: 1.50 ≤ Ipc1 / Ipc2 ≤ 8.00. Thus, by calculating the peak ratio of the first reduction peak to the second reduction peak, and by having the two reduction peaks have similar reduction potentials, the SEI film is more uniformly formed and the battery life is extended. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 1.80 ≤ Ipc1 / Ipc2 ≤ 7.00. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 2.00 ≤ Ipc1 / Ipc2 ≤ 6.00. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 2.10 ≤ Ipc1 / Ipc2 ≤ 5.50. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 2.20 ≤ Ipc1 / Ipc2 ≤ 5.00. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 2.30 ≤ Ipc1 / Ipc2 ≤ 4.50.

[0042] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the voltage of a first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1, which may satisfy the following condition: 1.50V≤Epa1≤2.00V. Thus, by analyzing the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material, it is helpful to analyze the element that undergoes the best oxidation reaction and the valence state transition process during its oxidation process, and to assist in setting the optimal charging operating range. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.55V≤Epa1≤1.95V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.60V≤Epa1≤1.90V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.65V≤Epa1≤1.85V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.68V≤Epa1≤1.82V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.70V≤Epa1≤1.80V.

[0043] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the voltage of a second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa2, which may satisfy the following condition: 1.00V≤Epa2≤2.00V. Thus, by analyzing the voltage of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material, the redox reaction is maintained, which helps to improve the coulombic efficiency. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.10V≤Epa2≤1.90V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.20V≤Epa2≤1.80V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.30V≤Epa2≤1.75V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.40V≤Epa2≤1.70V.

[0044] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the voltage of a first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc1, which may satisfy the following condition: 0.20V≤Epc1≤1.20V. Analyzing the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material can help analyze the element that undergoes the optimal reduction reaction and the valence state transition process during its reduction process, thereby assisting in setting the optimal charging operating range. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.40V≤Epc1≤1.10V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.60V≤Epc1≤1.00V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.75V≤Epc1≤0.95V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.25V≤Epc1≤0.90V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.28V≤Epc1≤0.70V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.30V≤Epc1≤0.50V.

[0045] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the voltage of a second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc2, which may satisfy the following conditions: 0.20V≤Epc2≤1.80V. Thus, by analyzing the voltage of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material, the redox reaction is maintained, which helps to improve the coulombic efficiency. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.30V≤Epc2≤1.70V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.40V≤Epc2≤1.65V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.50V≤Epc2≤1.60V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.55V≤Epc2≤1.55V.

[0046] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1, and the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc1, which may satisfy the following condition: 0.40V≤Epa1-Epc1≤1.80V. Thus, by reducing the difference between the voltage of the first oxidation peak and the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material, the reversibility of the electrochemical redox reaction is increased. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 0.50V≤Epa1-Epc1≤1.70V. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 0.60V≤Epa1-Epc1≤1.60V. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 0.65V≤Epa1-Epc1≤1.55V. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 0.70V≤Epa1-Epc1≤1.50V. Alternatively, the negative electrode may satisfy the following condition: 0.75V≤Epa1-Epc1≤1.45V.

[0047] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the peak value of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, and the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1, which may satisfy the following condition: 0.30 ≤ |Ipa1 / Ipc1| ≤ 1.50. Thus, by reducing the ratio of the peak value of the first oxidation peak to the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material, the coulombic efficiency of charge and discharge can be increased, which helps to improve the battery life. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.35 ≤ |Ipa1 / Ipc1| ≤ 1.30. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.40 ≤ |Ipa1 / Ipc1| ≤ 1.20. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.45 ≤ |Ipa1 / Ipc1| ≤ 1.10. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.48 ≤ |Ipa1 / Ipc1| ≤ 1.00. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.50 ≤ |Ipa1 / Ipc1| ≤ 0.95.

[0048] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the density of the negative electrode material is DSan, which can meet the following conditions: 0.40 g / cm 3 ≤DSan≤1.80g / cm 3 Thus, the negative electrode material has an appropriate density, which helps to improve the energy density of the battery. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.45g / cm 3 ≤DSan≤1.60g / cm 3 Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.50 g / cm 3 ≤DSan≤1.50g / cm 3 Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.53 g / cm 3 ≤DSan≤1.40g / cm 3 Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.56 g / cm 3≤DSan≤1.30g / cm 3 Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 0.60 g / cm 3 ≤DSan≤1.20g / cm 3 .

[0049] According to the negative electrode disclosed herein, the thickness of the negative electrode material is THan, and the resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, which can meet the following conditions: 1.0μm ≤ THan ≤ 70.0μm; and 0.50mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 50.00mΩ. Thus, by maintaining the thickness of the negative electrode material within an appropriate numerical range, its resistance also meets an appropriate numerical range, which helps maintain the subsequent cycle stability of the battery. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 3.0μm ≤ THan ≤ 60.0μm; and 0.60mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 40.00mΩ. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 5.0μm ≤ THan ≤ 50.0μm; and 0.70mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 20.00mΩ. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 7.0μm ≤ THan ≤ 40.0μm; and 0.80mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 10.00mΩ. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 8.0 μm ≤ THan ≤ 30.0 μm; and 0.90 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 5.00 mΩ. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 10.0 μm ≤ THan ≤ 20.0 μm; and 0.95 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 3.00 mΩ.

[0050] Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery comprising the aforementioned negative electrode.

[0051] According to the battery disclosed herein, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle at a 1C current is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle at a 1C current is C1V100. These may satisfy the following condition: 0.50 ≤ C1V100 / C1V10 ≤ 1.80. Comparing the difference in capacity between the tenth cycle and the mid-cycle cycle helps enhance the durability of the battery. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.60 ≤ C1V100 / C1V10 ≤ 1.60. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.70 ≤ C1V100 / C1V10 ≤ 1.40. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.80 ≤ C1V100 / C1V10 ≤ 1.30. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.90 ≤ C1V100 / C1V10 ≤ 1.25. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.00≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.20.

[0052] According to the battery disclosed herein, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle at a 1C current is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 500th cycle at a 1C current is C1V500. These values ​​may satisfy the following condition: 0.50 ≤ C1V500 / C1V10 ≤ 2.50. Comparing the difference in capacity between the tenth cycle and the long-term cycle duration helps enhance the durability of the battery. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.60 ≤ C1V500 / C1V10 ≤ 2.30. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.70 ≤ C1V500 / C1V10 ≤ 2.10. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.80 ≤ C1V500 / C1V10 ≤ 2.00. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following condition: 0.90 ≤ C1V500 / C1V10 ≤ 1.90. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.00≤C1V500 / C1V10≤1.85.

[0053] According to the battery disclosed herein, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle at a 4C current is C4V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle at a 4C current is C4V100, which can meet the following conditions: 0.50≤C4V100 / C4V10≤1.50. Thus, by performing a higher current charge and discharge test and comparing the difference in capacity between the tenth cycle and the intermediate cycle number, it helps to enhance the life of the battery during the higher current charge and discharge test. Alternatively, the battery can meet the following conditions: 0.60≤C4V100 / C4V10≤1.40. Alternatively, the battery can meet the following conditions: 0.70≤C4V100 / C4V10≤1.30. Alternatively, the battery can meet the following conditions: 0.80≤C4V100 / C4V10≤1.20. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.85≤C4V100 / C4V10≤1.15. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.90≤C4V100 / C4V10≤1.10.

[0054] According to the battery disclosed herein, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle at a 6C current is C6V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle at a 6C current is C6V100. These conditions may satisfy the following: 0.50 ≤ C6V100 / C6V10 ≤ 1.50. Comparing the capacity difference between the tenth cycle and the intermediate cycle number in a high-current charge-discharge test can help enhance the battery's high stability under high-current charge-discharge conditions. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following conditions: 0.60 ≤ C6V100 / C6V10 ≤ 1.40. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following conditions: 0.70 ≤ C6V100 / C6V10 ≤ 1.30. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following conditions: 0.75 ≤ C6V100 / C6V10 ≤ 1.20. Alternatively, the battery may satisfy the following conditions: 0.80 ≤ C6V100 / C6V10 ≤ 1.10. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.85≤C6V100 / C6V10≤1.00.

[0055] According to the battery disclosed herein, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle when charged and discharged at a current of 1C is C1V100, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle when charged and discharged at a current of 4C is C4V100, which can meet the following conditions: 0.50≤C4V100 / C1V100≤1.20. Thus, through the battery charge and discharge test with a large current, it is known that the composition has high chemical stability and high ion transfer ability as a negative electrode material, which helps to enhance the safety of the battery during fast charging. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.60≤C4V100 / C1V100≤1.15. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.70≤C4V100 / C1V100≤1.10. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.75≤C4V100 / C1V100≤1.05. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.80≤C4V100 / C1V100≤1.03. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.85≤C4V100 / C1V100≤1.00.

[0056] According to the battery disclosed herein, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 1C is C1V100, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 6C is C6V100, which can meet the following conditions: 0.30≤C6V100 / C1V100≤1.20. Thus, by comparing the capacity at high current charge and discharge with the capacity at low current charge and discharge, it is known that the composition as a negative electrode material helps enhance the rate performance of the battery. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.40≤C6V100 / C1V100≤1.15. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.45≤C6V100 / C1V100≤1.10. Alternatively, it can meet the following conditions: 0.50≤C6V100 / C1V100≤1.05. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.55≤C6V100 / C1V100≤1.00. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.60≤C6V100 / C1V100≤0.95.

[0057] The composition described in the present disclosure has a porous structure on the surface of its constituent particles, and the dispersed particles can be located in the porous structure on the surface of the constituent particles. The composition is formed by adding the constituent particles and the dispersed particles into a solution to form a colloidal solution. Due to the characteristic that the particle size of the constituent particles is significantly larger than the particle size of the dispersed particles, the dispersed particles can be tightly distributed around the periphery of the constituent particles to form the composition. In addition, an adhesive can also be added to the colloidal solution to help increase the coverage of the dispersed particles around the periphery of the constituent particles. Furthermore, the electrical properties and charge of the constituent particles or dispersed particles can also be changed by adjusting the electrolyte added to the solution, the pH value of the solution, etc., so that the constituent particles and the dispersed particles can attract each other in the solution because they have different electrical properties.

[0058] The component particles described in the present disclosure may include niobium-titanium composite oxide, lithium-titanium composite oxide, or niobium-vanadium composite oxide.

[0059] The dispersed particles described in the present disclosure may be a mixed material, which may include structural element oxides, tin-based alloys, modified silicon materials, carbon-silicon materials, lithium-containing metal compounds, lithium-containing metal oxides, metallic lithium, or combinations thereof, wherein the structural element oxides may include structural element composite oxides and structural element mixed oxides, and the modified silicon material may include silicon-based materials and auxiliary materials.

[0060] The active material described in this disclosure can be represented within the working voltage range of a battery. The active material itself participates in redox reactions, and whether the material is an active material can be determined by differential capacity analysis (DCA) of the constant current charge-discharge voltage-capacity curve. If the test substance is an active material, it has an oxidation peak or a reduction peak within this working voltage range.

[0061] The niobium-titanium composite oxide described in this disclosure can include undoped niobium-titanium composite oxide and doped niobium-titanium composite oxide. The composition of the undoped niobium-titanium composite oxide at least includes niobium element, titanium element and oxygen element. The niobium-titanium composite oxide contains multiple compounds and can be further represented by the following chemical formula:

[0062] Ti x Nb y O z ;

[0063] where z ≤ 4x + 5y, such as TiNb2O7, Ti2Nb 10 O 29 , TiNb 14 O 37 and TiNb 24 O 62 . The crystal structure of the niobium-titanium composite oxide can be cubic system (Cubic), monoclinic system (Monoclinic), orthorhombic system (Orthorhombic), ReO3-type lattice (ReO3-type) or layered structure, etc. The doped niobium-titanium composite oxide can be selected from at least one compound of the above undoped niobium-titanium composite oxide doped with at least one doping element and can be further represented by the following chemical formula:

[0064] Ti (x-a) M1 a Nb (y-b) M2 b O (z-c) M3 c ;

[0065] where M1, M2 and M3 are doping elements, 0 ≤ a < x, 0 ≤ b < y, 0 ≤ c < z. The structure can be changed by adjusting the doping elements or the doping ratio, and at least one auxiliary material can be further selected to coat or fill the surface or pores of the niobium-titanium composite oxide.

[0066] The lithium-titanium composite oxide described in this disclosure can include undoped lithium-titanium composite oxide and doped lithium-titanium composite oxide. The composition of the undoped lithium-titanium composite oxide at least includes lithium element, titanium element and oxygen element. The lithium-titanium composite oxide contains multiple compounds, such as Li4Ti5O 12, LiTi2O4, Li2Ti3O7, and Li2TiO3. The doped lithium titanium composite oxide can be doped with at least one compound selected from the above-mentioned undoped lithium titanium composite oxides. The structure can be changed by adjusting the doped element or the doping ratio. At least one auxiliary material can be further selected to coat or fill the surface or pores of the lithium titanium composite oxide.

[0067] The doping element described in the present disclosure may be selected from any element of Group IA, Group IIA, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB, Group VIIIB, Group IB, Group IB, Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group VA, Group VIA, and Group VIIA, and may further be selected from at least one of lithium, boron, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, calcium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, arsenic, bromine, zirconium, molybdenum, antimony, iodine, tantalum, tungsten, and bismuth. Selecting highly conductive or light-weight elements for doping helps increase the conductivity of the doped niobium-titanium composite oxide, thereby enhancing the fast-charging performance and increasing the energy density of the battery.

[0068] The structural elements described herein may be metal elements or metalloid elements. Metal elements may be selected from any element in Groups IA, IIA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB, IIIA, and IVA. Metalloid elements may include boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. The structural elements may be further selected from lithium, titanium, niobium, cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese, and nickel.

[0069] The structural element composite oxide described in the present disclosure may include compounds formed by at least two structural elements, for example: lithium-titanium composite oxide, niobium-titanium composite oxide, cobalt-copper composite oxide, cobalt-tin composite oxide, cobalt-silicon composite oxide, cobalt-iron composite oxide, cobalt-manganese composite oxide, cobalt-nickel composite oxide, copper-tin composite oxide, copper-silicon composite oxide, copper-iron composite oxide, copper-manganese composite oxide, copper-nickel composite oxide, tin-silicon composite oxide, tin-iron composite oxide, tin-manganese composite oxide, tin-nickel composite oxide, silicon-iron composite oxide, silicon-manganese composite oxide, silicon-nickel composite oxide, iron-manganese composite oxide, iron-nickel composite oxide, and manganese-nickel composite oxide. To further illustrate, the structural element composite oxide may include compounds formed by at least three of the above structural elements, for example: silicon-tin-iron composite oxide, silicon-copper-manganese composite oxide, tin-copper-cobalt composite oxide, tin-manganese-nickel composite oxide, copper-manganese-nickel composite oxide, and copper-tin-nickel composite oxide.

[0070] The structural element mixed oxide described in the present disclosure may contain a structural element. Specifically, the structural element mixed oxide may be a mixture of at least two oxides containing the structural element, such as a mixture of tin oxide and nickel oxide, a mixture of tin oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture of tin oxide and cobalt oxide, a mixture of tin oxide and manganese oxide, a mixture of silicon oxide and lithium oxide, a mixture of silicon oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture of silicon oxide and tin oxide, or a mixture of silicon oxide and iron oxide. Furthermore, the structural element mixed oxide may be a mixture of at least three oxides containing the structural element, such as a mixture of silicon oxide, tin oxide, and iron oxide, a mixture of silicon oxide, copper oxide, and manganese oxide, a mixture of tin oxide, copper oxide, and cobalt oxide, a mixture of tin oxide, manganese oxide, and nickel oxide, a mixture of copper oxide, manganese oxide, and nickel oxide, or a mixture of copper oxide, tin oxide, and nickel oxide.

[0071] The tin-based alloy described in the present disclosure may include tin-phosphorus alloy, tin-sulfur alloy, tin-antimony alloy, tin-cobalt-sulfur alloy, tin-antimony-sulfur alloy, or tin-copper-phosphorus alloy.

[0072] The modified silicon material disclosed herein may include a silicon-based material and an auxiliary material, wherein the silicon-based material may form a mixture with the auxiliary material, the silicon-based material may also form a chemical bond with the auxiliary material, and the silicon-based material may also form a film structure with the auxiliary material. To further illustrate, the auxiliary material may be a polymer, and the polymer may form a film structure by chemical bonding or physical mixing on the periphery of the silicon-based material, wherein the polymer is polymerized by at least two monomers, and the at least two monomers may include a first monomer and a second monomer, the first monomer including a siloxane group, and the second monomer including a carboxyl group or an ester group. The first monomer is closer to the silicon-based material than the second monomer, and can be formed by covalently linking the first monomer containing an unsaturated alkenyl group or an acrylate group with the second monomer containing an unsaturated alkenyl group or an acrylate group through addition polymerization and copolymerization (copolymerization), wherein the polymer may be further added with a crosslinking agent to bond and crosslink the linear polymers to form a network structure.

[0073] The silicon-based material described in the present disclosure may be silicon, silicon oxide, a silicon-carbon composite, or a silicon alloy. The particle size of the silicon-based material at D50 is sD50, which may satisfy the following conditions: 10.0nm≤sD50≤10000.0nm, or may satisfy the following conditions: 10.0nm≤sD50≤3000.0nm; 10.0nm≤sD50≤2000.0nm; 10.0nm≤sD50≤1000.0nm; 10.0nm≤sD50≤500.0nm; 20.0nm≤sD50≤400.0nm; 30.0nm≤sD50≤300.0nm; 40.0nm≤sD50≤250.0nm; 50.0nm≤sD50≤200.0nm; 60.0nm≤sD50≤150.0nm; or 70.0nm≤sD50≤100.0nm. sD50 may be 20 nm, 50 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, 800 nm, 1000 nm, 1500 nm, 2000 nm, 2500 nm, or 3000 nm.

[0074] The carbon active material described in the present disclosure may be graphite, graphene, carbon microspheres, hard carbon, or soft carbon.

[0075] The first monomer described in the present disclosure may be a siloxy compound containing at least one alkenyl group (-C=C-), carbonyl group (-C=O), carboxyl group (-COOH), amide group (-CONH2) or silyl enol ether, and may include: vinyl trimethoxysilane (Ethenyl (trimethoxy) silane), vinyl triethoxysilane (Ethenyl (triethoxy) silane), methyl vinyl dimethoxy silane (Ethenyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane), 2-(chloromethyl) prop-2-enyl-trimethoxysilane (2-(chloromethyl) prop-2-enyl-trimethoxysilane), 3-(methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy) propylmethyl bis(trimethoxy) silane ([ 2-Hydroxy-3-[3-[methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propoxy]propyl]2-methylprop-2-enoate), 3-[Dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl2-methylprop-2-enoate, 3-Methacryloyloxypropylbis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilane 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 3-(N-allylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (N-Prop-2-enyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine), (3-Isocyanatopropyl)-triethoxysilane, 1-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea, and hydroxyl-terminated vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane silanol terminated copolymer. The silane alkoxy compound may further have the following structure, but is not limited thereto:

[0076] (R)3-Si-(CH2) n -X-(CH2) m-A；

[0077] Wherein, R is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy and siloxy, X is methyl or oxy, A is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, acrylate and methacrylate, and n and m satisfy the following condition: 0≤n+m≤10. The silane alkoxy compound may include: triethoxysilylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 2-trimethylsilyloxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (MPS), 4-trimethoxysilylbutyl2-methylprop-2-enoate, 5-trimethoxysilylpentyl2-methylprop-2-enoate, 6-trimethoxysilylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 7-trimethoxysilylheptyltrimethoxysilane, 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 8-Trimethoxysilyloctyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 9-Trimethoxysilylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 10-Trimethoxysilyldecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, Tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylmethyl2-methylprop-2-enoate, and 3-Tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate.Siloxane compounds can form active silanol groups (Si-OH) through hydrolysis, and then undergo a condensation reaction with silicon-based materials (especially when a silicon oxide layer is formed on the surface by an oxidizing agent) to form siloxane compounds with a silicon-oxygen-silicon (Si-O-Si) structure. The oxidizing agent can oxidize the silicon-hydrogen bonds (Si-H) on the surface of the silicon-based material into silanol groups (Si-OH), or oxidize silicon into silicon dioxide, thereby facilitating the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the silicon-based material.

[0078] The second monomer described in the present disclosure may contain a carboxyl group or an ester group, such as 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (DMAEMA), methyl methacrylate (Methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (MMA), methyl acrylate (Methyl prop-2-enoate (MA), 2-ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate (2EHA), acrylic acid (Prop-2-enoic acid; AA), isobutyl methacrylate (2-Methylpropyl2-methylprop-2-enoate; IBMA), benzyl methacrylate (Benzyl2-methylprop-2-enoate; BZMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (Oxolan-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate; THFA), 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate (EDGA), dodecyl prop-2-enoate (LA), or a combination of the above monomers.

[0079] The crosslinking agent disclosed herein can crosslink linear polymers to form a network structure. The crosslinking agent can be any terminally ethylenically unsaturated compound, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (2,2',2",2"'-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethoxylated-9trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMP9EOTA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl2-methylprop-2-enoate), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl

[0080] 2-methylprop-2-enoate), allyl methacrylate (Prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,3-propylene glycol dimethacrylate (3-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl2-methylprop-2-enoate), 2,3-propylene glycol dimethacrylate ([2-Methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl]2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (4-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (6-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl2-methylprop-2-enoate).

[0081] The silicon-carbon composite described in the present disclosure may include a membrane structure of silicon-coated carbon shells, a silicon-carbon yolk-shell structure, and a porous structure. The membrane structure of silicon-coated carbon shells is formed by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen to coat the silicon material with a carbon shell. The silicon-carbon yolk-shell structure is formed by generating silicon oxide on the surface of silicon, coating the silicon material with a carbon shell by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen, and then removing the silicon oxide by hydrofluoric acid (HF), thereby breaking the silicon particles into fine nanoparticles. The porous structure is formed by carbonizing the intermediate product to form a porous silicon carbide ceramic material through a low self-diffusion coefficient of the material or by adding a foaming material, and sintering or electrochemical corrosion.

[0082] The carbon-based material disclosed herein can be formed by carbonizing a carbon-containing precursor through heat treatment, wherein the carbon-containing precursor may include an organic compound, and the organic compound may further include carbohydrates, pitches, or organic polymers.

[0083] The carbon conductive material described in the present disclosure may be graphite, carbon microspheres, carbon fibers, hard carbon, soft carbon, conductive graphite (KS6, SFG6), graphene, acetylene black, Ketjenblack, carbon black (Super P), or carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

[0084] The negative electrode material disclosed herein may include a composition and auxiliary materials.

[0085] The auxiliary material described in the present disclosure may include polymers, metals, alloys, non-metal oxides, metal oxides, fluorides, organic compounds, adhesives, conductive agents or additives.

[0086] The adhesive described in the present disclosure may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), or alginic acid formed by linear polymerization of monouronic acid.

[0087] The conductive agent described in the present disclosure may be graphite, conductive graphite (KS6, SFG6), graphene, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon black (Super P), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon microspheres, carbon fibers, hard carbon, soft carbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, titanium dioxide, potassium titanate fiber (PHT), or combinations thereof.

[0088] The negative electrode sheet disclosed herein may be manufactured by single-layer or double-layer coating, vacuum deposition or composite structure.

[0089] The positive electrode material described in the present disclosure may be a lithium composite metal oxide containing lithium or at least one metal, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO2, LiMn2O4), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2), lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiNiCoO2), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNiMnO4), lithium manganese cobalt oxide (LiCoMnO2, LiCoMnO4), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiCoMnO2, LiNiCoMnO4) or a combination thereof. The above-mentioned lithium composite metal oxide may include multiple different oxidation states.

[0090] The electrolyte described herein may be composed of a metal salt, an additive, and an organic solvent, with the organic solvent comprising a greater proportion than the additive. The electrolyte may be in liquid, colloidal, or solid form. The electrolyte additive and organic solvent may be physically mixed, or at least one of the following additives or organic solvent monomers may be selected as a polymerization precursor.

[0091] The metal salts described in the present disclosure may be inorganic acid lithium salts such as LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiC4BO8, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiNO3, LiGaCl4; fluorine-containing lithium sulfonate salts such as LiCF3SO3, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiC(CF3SO2)3; LiBF2(C2O4) (LiDFOB), LiB(C2O4)2 (LiBOB), or combinations thereof. The above metal salts may include a variety of different oxidation states.

[0092] The organic solvent described in the present disclosure may be a carbonate, a carboxylic acid ester, an ether, a sulfide, or a combination thereof, wherein the organic solvent may also be used as an additive.

[0093] The additives described in the present disclosure may be carbonate compounds, lactides, ether-containing cyclic compounds, aromatic compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds, inorganic oxides, or combinations thereof. The addition of appropriate amounts of these additives can help improve battery performance, for example, by improving SEI film composition, enhancing high-temperature and high-voltage performance, improving ion conductivity, reducing electrolyte impedance, improving cycle stability, stabilizing the integrity of positive and negative electrode materials, and increasing electrochemical stability.

[0094] The organic solvent disclosed herein contains a polymerizable olefin group in its structure and can be used as a monomer for a second structure precursor, such as 2H-1,3-Dioxol-2-one (Vinylene carbonate; VC), 4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (Vinylethylene carbonate; VEC), 1,3-Dithiole-2-thione (Vinylene trithiocarbonate), 2,5-Dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 1-Ethenylsulfonylethene, Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone, an ether-containing cyclic compound additive, or an aromatic compound additive.

[0095] The carbonate organic solvents disclosed herein may be compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups in the carbonate molecule are partially or completely replaced by alkyl groups. They can be divided into cyclic carbonates and linear carbonates. The linear carbonates may include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC). The cyclic carbonates may include ethylene carbonate (1,3-dioxolan-2-one; EC), propylene carbonate (4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Propylene carbonate), and propylene carbonate (Propylene carbonate). carbonate (PC), trimethylene carbonate (1,3-Dioxan-2-one; TMC), 1,2-butylene carbonate (4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Butylene carbonate), 2,3-butylene carbonate ((4R,5S)-4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; cis-2,3-Butylene carbonate), 1,2-pentylene carbonate (1,2-Pentylene carbonate), 2,3-pentylene carbonate (2,3-Pentylene carbonate), vinylene carbonate (2H-1,3-Dioxol-2-one; Vinylene carbonate), 4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Vinylethylene carbonate carbonate; VEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (4-Fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate (Trans-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Difluoroethylene carbonate;DFEC), vinylene trithiocarbonate (1,3-Dithiole-2-thione; Vinylene trithiocarbonate) or a combination thereof.

[0096] The carboxylate organic solvents disclosed herein are prepared by esterification of alcohols and carboxylic acids, and may be methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, lactones, or combinations thereof. Lactones may further include 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structures, which refer to compounds containing hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acids, which undergo intramolecular condensation to form cyclic carboxylate monomers. Various combinations may exist depending on the position of the hydroxyl groups in the ring and the number of carbon atoms in the ring, including: α-acetolactone (Oxiran-2-one), β-propiolactone (Oxetan-2-one), and β-propiolactone (Oxetan-2-one). one), γ-butyrolactone (Oxolan-2-one; γ-butyrolactone), γ-valerolactone (5-Methyloxolan-2-one; γ-valerolactone), σ-valerolactone (Oxan-2-on; σ-valerolactone), γ-caprolactone (5-Ethyloxolan-2-one; γ-caprolactone), ε-caprolactone (Oxepan-2-one; ε-caprolactone), δ-gluconolactone (D-Glucono-1,5-lactone; δ-gluconolactone), or a combination thereof.

[0097] The ether organic solvent described in the present disclosure may be tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-Methyloxolane; 2-MeTHF), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (4-MeDOL), dimethoxymethane (DMM), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP), 1,2-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)ethane (DENE), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG), or a combination thereof.

[0098] The sulfide-containing organic solvents disclosed herein can be divided into sulfone group compounds (-(O=)S(=O)-) and sulfonate group compounds (-SO2O-). Sulfone group compounds can include 2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide and 1-ethynylsulfonylethene. Sulfonate group compounds can be further divided into mesylate (CH3SO2O-). - ), trifluoromethanesulfonate (Trifluoromethanesulfonate; CF3SO2O - ), p-Toluenesulfonyl group (Tosyl), may include ethyl methanesulfonate (1-Methylsulfonyloxyethane), methyl p-toluenesulfonate (Methyl4-methylbenzenesulfonate), 1,3-propanesultone (Oxathiolane 2,2-dione), propenyl-1,3-sultone (Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone), 1,3-propylene glycol cyclic sulfate (1,3,2-Dioxathiane2,2-Dioxide) or a combination thereof.

[0099] The lactone cyclic ester additive described in the present disclosure may be a polycyclic diester monomer formed by esterification condensation of two identical or different compounds both containing hydroxy acid, and may include glycolide (1,4-Dioxane-2,5-dione; Glycolide), lactide (3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; Lactide), or a combination thereof. Lactide can be further divided into LL-lactide ((R,R)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione) based on the stereoisomers formed by the difference in the spatial arrangement of atoms. ; LL-Lactide), DD-lactide ((S,S)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DD-Lactide), DL-lactide ((meso)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DL-Lactide); or carboxylic acid compounds containing hydroxyl groups that can be directly copolymerized to form polymers without going through a ring-opening reaction, including: 2-hydroxyacetic acid (2-Hydroxyacetic acid; Glycolic acid), 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid (3-Hydroxypropanoic acid; Lactic acid), 4-Hydroxybutanoic acid (4-Hydroxybutanoic acid), 5-Hydroxyvaleric acid (5-Hydroxyvaleric acid), or combinations thereof.

[0100] The ether-containing cyclic compound additive disclosed herein may be a crown ether, wherein the crown ether is a ethyleneoxy group (-CH2CH2O-) as the main repeating unit structure, and may include: 9-crown-3 (1,4,7-Trioxonane; 9-Crown-3), 12-crown-4 (1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane; 12-Crown-4), 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-5), 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-6), 18-crown-7 (1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-7), 18-crown-8 (1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-8), 18-crown-9 (1,4,7-Trioxonane; 9-Crown-3), 12-crown-4 (1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane; 12-Crown-4), 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-5), 18-crown-6 (1,4,7-Trioxonane; 9-Crown-3), 12-crown-4 (1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane; 12-Crown-4), 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane; 18-Crown-6), 21-Crown-7 (1,4,7,10,13,16,19-Heptaoxacycloheneicosane; 21-Crown-7), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-Octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclooctade cine; Dibenzo-18-crown-6), diaza-18-crown-6 (1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane; Diaza-18-crown-6), or a combination thereof.

[0101] The aromatic compound additives disclosed herein may include methoxybenzene, 1-ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene, tert-butylbenzene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-difluorobenzene, 1,1'-oxydibenzene, 1,4-diphenylbenzene, 2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)aniline, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline, or combinations thereof.

[0102] The phosphorus-containing compound additive described in the present disclosure may be tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSPi), tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, 1,3,5,2,4,6-Triazatriphosphorine, 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydro-, or a combination thereof.

[0103] The boron-containing compound additive described in the present disclosure may be trimethyl borate, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane, or a combination thereof.

[0104] The inorganic oxide additives disclosed herein may be composite materials such as lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LiLaZrO), lithium lanthanum zirconium tantalum oxide (LiLaZrTaO), lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LiLaTiO), lithium phosphate (LiPO), lithium fluorophosphate (LiPOF), lithium titanium phosphate (LiTiPO), lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LiAlGeP), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LiAlTiPO), lithium germanium oxyphosphorus sulfide (LiGePSO), lithium tin oxyphosphorus sulfide (LiSnPSO), lead zirconium titanium oxide (PbZrTiO), lead lanthanum zirconium titanium oxide (PbLaZrTiO), and barium titanium oxide (BaTiO). These inorganic oxide additives may contain various oxidation states, or may be Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, SnO2, NiO, ZnO, CaO, MgO, ZrO2, CeO2, or Y2O3. They can reduce the crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte, thereby increasing the ionic conductivity and the physical and mechanical strength of the electrolyte, thereby helping to enhance the battery cycle life.

[0105] The isolation membrane described in the present disclosure may be a film with a porous structure, which may contain a single layer or multilayer film of polyolefin, polyamide, or polyester fiber, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), or epoxy resin; or contain at least one inorganic ceramic composite film such as Mg(OH)2, MgO, BaSO4, SnO2, NiO, CaO, Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, TiO2, or a combination thereof on the surface, and the above-mentioned inorganic ceramic composite film may contain multiple different oxidation states.

[0106] The current collector described in the present disclosure may be a metal foil or a substrate made of a conductive polymer, wherein the metal foil may be selected from aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, tantalum, stainless steel, or alloys thereof.

[0107] The battery cycle number described in this disclosure is defined as the state of the battery being a commercially available product. The first test in this state is considered the first cycle defined in this disclosure. Completing one discharge and one charge test is considered one cycle number, and the number of cycles is accumulated accordingly.

[0108] The capacity described in this disclosure can measure the charge capacity and discharge capacity of a battery. The capacity can be calculated by volume capacity (mAh / cm 3 ) and weight capacity (mAh / g), where volume capacity refers to the capacity that can be provided by each cubic centimeter of electrode in a battery. To calculate the volume capacity, the volume of the current collector must be deducted; weight capacity refers to the capacity that can be provided by each gram of electrode in a battery. To calculate the weight capacity, the weight of the current collector must be deducted. The electrode can be either a positive electrode or a negative electrode.

[0109] The C-rate (C) mentioned in the present disclosure may represent the current required for a battery to be fully discharged in one hour. C may be used as a unit of current for charging and discharging a battery.

[0110] The battery measurement voltage range described in the present disclosure can be selected according to the redox potential of the positive and negative electrode materials. The voltage range can be selected from 0V to 5.0V, preferably from 0V to 3.0V, and more preferably from 1.0V to 4.5V.

[0111] The discharge volumetric capacitance described in the present disclosure may be expressed as CiVj, and the discharge gravimetric capacitance described in the present disclosure may be expressed as CiGj, where i represents the current used for charging and discharging in units of C, and j represents the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery.

[0112] The total number of times the coulombic efficiency described in the present disclosure meets a specific percentage range can be expressed as nxCyEz, where x represents the lower limit of the specific percentage range, y represents the current used for charging and discharging in C, and z represents the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery.

[0113] The average value of the coulombic efficiency described in the present disclosure can be expressed as aCyEz, where y represents the current used for charging and discharging in units of C, and z represents the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery.

[0114] The battery assembly described in the present disclosure may include a battery housing, a spring, a weight, a cover plate, a tab, and a cap.

[0115] The bipolar battery described in the present disclosure may include a bipolar battery electrode sheet and an electrolyte. One side of the bipolar battery electrode sheet is a positive electrode, which includes a positive electrode material, and the other side is a negative electrode, which includes a negative electrode material. The two bipolar battery electrodes are connected by an electrolyte (the electrolyte contacts the positive electrode of one bipolar battery electrode sheet and the negative electrode of the other bipolar battery electrode sheet) to form a bipolar battery unit. A plurality of bipolar battery units are connected in series to form a bipolar battery.

[0116] The battery described herein can be a primary battery or a secondary battery. The electrochemical carrier of the primary or secondary battery can be at least one of a button-type carrier, a wound carrier, or a stacked carrier. It can be used in portable electronic products such as digital cameras, mobile phones, notebook computers, and game console controllers that require a lightweight and thin design. It can also be used in large-scale power storage applications such as light electric vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0117] The constant current charge-discharge voltage-capacity curve differential method (DCA) described in this disclosure can be used to determine the voltage range for the optimal redox reaction of the analyte. A constant current of 1C is set for charging or discharging, and the charge-discharge operating voltage range is set to 0.00V to 5.00V (vs Li + / Li). Take the first charge and discharge voltage-capacity curve data of the test object respectively, perform a differential on the voltage, and use the x-axis as the voltage (V vs Li + / Li), and the y-axis is dQ / dV (mAh / V) to draw a constant current charge and discharge voltage-capacity curve differential graph, where the first differential of the charge curve can be used to observe the voltage and peak value of the optimal oxidation peak of the test object; the first differential of the discharge curve can be used to observe the voltage and peak value of the optimal reduction peak of the test object. The standard for judging the oxidation peak is as follows: take the charge voltage-capacity curve data and perform the third differential of the voltage to obtain the third differential data of the charge curve, and set the peak value in the third differential data of the charge curve to be less than -5 (mAh / V 3) is regarded as the oxidation peak voltage, and the voltage corresponding to the minimum peak is set as the first oxidation peak voltage. The peak value corresponding to the first oxidation peak voltage in the first differential data of the charging curve is set as the first oxidation peak peak value. The voltage corresponding to the second minimum peak is set as the second oxidation peak voltage. The peak value corresponding to the second oxidation peak voltage in the first differential data of the charging curve is set as the second oxidation peak peak value. The standard for judging the reduction peak is as follows: take the discharge voltage-capacity curve data and perform three-times differentiation on the voltage to obtain the three-times differential data of the discharge curve. The peak value is set when the peak value in the three-times differential data of the discharge curve is greater than 5 (mAh / V 3 ) is regarded as the restoration peak voltage, and the voltage corresponding to the maximum peak is set as the first restoration peak voltage, the peak value corresponding to the first restoration peak voltage in the first differential data of the discharge curve is set as the first restoration peak peak value, the voltage corresponding to the second largest peak is set as the second restoration peak voltage, and the peak value corresponding to the second restoration peak voltage in the first differential data of the discharge curve is set as the second restoration peak peak value.

[0118] The electrochemical stability described in the present disclosure is measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a scan rate of 0.1 V / s. + By measuring the relative voltage between -5.00V and 5.00V, the corresponding change in the current-voltage relationship can be obtained.

[0119] The cumulative particle size described herein represents the distribution of various particle sizes within the test object. Based on the proportion of each particle size distribution and the cumulative percentage based on volume, a cumulative particle size distribution function (CPD) can be derived. For example, the particle size at which the cumulative particle size distribution percentage reaches 50% is defined as D50, indicating that 50% of the particles in the test object are smaller than D50. The same applies to D10 and D90. Unless otherwise specified, D50 is used as the particle size criterion. The cumulative particle size of the test object can be measured using a laser analyzer or dynamic light scattering instrument.

[0120] The particle size measurement described in this disclosure is performed by observing the top view of the composition using an electron microscope. The top view is divided into shallow and deep areas perpendicular to the surface. Particles in the shallower area that conform to granular or spherical shapes are preferentially selected to measure the maximum diameter of a single particle. If the object to be measured is irregular in shape, the lengths of the longest and shortest sides are measured and averaged. At least three particles within the measurement range are selected for measurement.

[0121] The laser analyzer described in this disclosure can use a Malvern mastersizer 3000+ to measure particle sizes larger than the wavelength of the incident light. Large particles have a smaller diffraction angle, while small particles have a larger diffraction angle. Particle size is determined by arranging multiple detectors at different angles to collect light and then analyzing the scattering phenomenon of micron-sized particles.

[0122] The particle size described herein can be determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), which measures the amplitude of light scattered by particles during Brownian motion over time. The particle size and its size distribution can be calculated using the Stokes-Einstein equation, as follows:

[0123] D = kT / (3πηDf);

[0124] Where D is the particle size (unit: m), k is the Boltzmann constant (unit: J / K), T is the absolute temperature (unit: K), and η is the solvent viscosity (unit: kg×m -1 ×s -1 ), Df is the diffusion coefficient (unit: m 2 ×s -1 ).

[0125] The negative electrode weight percentage described in this disclosure does not include the weight of the current collector.

[0126] The thickness of the negative electrode material described in the present disclosure can be measured by measuring the thickness of the negative electrode sheet and deducting the thickness of the current collector.

[0127] The density of the negative electrode material described in the present disclosure can be obtained by cutting a circular negative electrode sheet with a diameter of 14 mm, measuring the weight of the negative electrode sheet and deducting the weight of the collector, and measuring the thickness of the negative electrode sheet and the area of ​​the cut circle to obtain the volume, and then calculating the weight divided by the volume to obtain the negative electrode material density.

[0128] The resistance of the negative electrode material described in this disclosure can be measured using a four-point probe resistance measurement. The distance between adjacent probes is the same. During measurement, the probes will contact the surface of the sample to be measured, and the closest distance between any probe on the surface and the boundary of the sample to be measured must be greater than 7.5 cm.

[0129] The roughness described in this disclosure is the arithmetic mean height of the surface according to the surface texture parameter Sa (μm) in ISO 251781. The area of ​​the roughness measurement is set to be at least greater than 10000 μm. 2 The height of the average surface is the arithmetic mean of the heights of the coordinates Z(x,y) of each point in the area, and Sa is the average of the absolute values ​​of the height differences of the coordinates Z(x,y) of each point in the area relative to the average surface, according to the following formula:

[0130]

[0131] Where A is the area (μm 2 ), h is the height of the average surface (μm).

[0132] The conductivity described in this disclosure is measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by applying an alternating current of 1 Hz to 100 Hz with an amplitude of 50 mV to the polymer or electrolyte, measuring the resistance value, and then calculating the conductivity using the following formula:

[0133] Ci = (1 / R) × (L / A);

[0134] Where Ci(S×cm -1 ) is the conductivity, R (Ω) is the resistance, L (cm) is the distance between the two electrodes, A (cm 2 ) is the cross-sectional area between the object to be measured and the electrode, (L / A) can be expressed as the conductivity coefficient (cm -1 ).

[0135] All relevant configurations of the constituent particles and dispersed particles described in this disclosure can be further made into compositions based on relevant materials or relevant proportions, can be further made into negative electrodes based on relevant materials or relevant proportions, and can be further made into batteries based on relevant materials or relevant proportions for charge and discharge testing. The present invention only shows some of the relevant configurations, and tables with no data or incomprehensible calculations are marked with "-".

[0136] Based on the above implementation, specific examples are presented below and explained in detail with reference to experimental data.

[0137] <Comparative Example 1>

[0138] See also Figure 1 , which is a differential graph of the constant current charge-discharge voltage-capacity curve for the battery of Comparative Example 1. Comparative Example 1 is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising only component particles comprising a niobium-titanium composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 1.

[0139]

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] <Comparative Example 2>

[0143] See also Figure 2, which is a differential graph of the constant current charge-discharge voltage-capacity curve for the battery of Comparative Example 2. Comparative Example 2 is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising only dispersed particles comprising a silicon-tin-iron composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of Comparative Example 2 is shown in Table 2.

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] <Comparative Example 3>

[0147] See also Figure 3A as well as Figure 3B ,in Figure 3A This is a scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode in the battery of the third comparative example. Figure 3B This is a cycle diagram for a battery in Comparative Example 3 discharged at a current of 1C. Comparative Example 3 is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles. The constituent particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxides, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxides. Detailed data for the battery in Comparative Example 3 is shown in Table 3.

[0148]

[0149]

[0150] <First embodiment>

[0151] See also Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C 、 Figure 4D 、 Figure 4E 、 Figure 4F as well as Figure 4G ,in Figure 4A This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the constituent particles in the battery of the first embodiment. Figure 4B This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of dispersed particles in the battery of the first embodiment. Figure 4C This is a differential diagram of the constant current charge and discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery of the first embodiment. Figure 4D This is the third differential diagram of the charging curve of the battery of the first embodiment. Figure 4E The third differential diagram of the discharge curve of the battery of the first embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 4F This is a scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode in the battery of the first embodiment. Figure 4G The diagram shows the cycle of the battery of the first embodiment being discharged at currents of 1C, 4C, and 6C.

[0152] The first embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the first embodiment is shown in Table 4.

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] <Second embodiment>

[0156] The second embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the second embodiment is shown in Table 5.

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] <Third embodiment>

[0160] The third embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the third embodiment are shown in Table 6.

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] <Fourth embodiment>

[0164] The fourth embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the fourth embodiment are shown in Table 7.

[0165]

[0166]

[0167]

[0168] <Fifth embodiment>

[0169] The fifth embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxides, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxides. Detailed data for the battery of the fifth embodiment are shown in Table 8.

[0170]

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] <Sixth embodiment>

[0174] The sixth embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the sixth embodiment are shown in Table 9.

[0175]

[0176]

[0177]

[0178] <Seventh embodiment>

[0179] The seventh embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxides, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-tin-iron composite oxides. Detailed data for the battery of the seventh embodiment are shown in Table 10.

[0180]

[0181]

[0182]

[0183] <Eighth Embodiment>

[0184] The eighth embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-copper-manganese composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the eighth embodiment are shown in Table 11.

[0185]

[0186]

[0187]

[0188] <Ninth embodiment>

[0189] The ninth embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-copper-manganese composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the ninth embodiment are shown in Table 12.

[0190]

[0191]

[0192]

[0193] <10th embodiment>

[0194] The tenth embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material comprising a composition comprising component particles and dispersed particles. The component particles comprise niobium-titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise silicon-copper-manganese composite oxide. Detailed data for the battery of the tenth embodiment are shown in Table 13.

[0195]

[0196]

[0197] Although the present disclosure has been disclosed above in the form of implementation methods, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Anyone skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composition, characterized in that Include: A component particle and a dispersed particle, wherein the component particle and the dispersed particle are both an active material; The component particles include a niobium-titanium composite oxide, and the niobium-titanium composite oxide includes a niobium element and a titanium element; The dispersed particles include a structural element oxide, the structural element oxide includes a structural element, and the structural element is selected from at least two of the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese and nickel.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The composition has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.05V to 4.00V.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The weight ratio of the constituent particles to the composition is pWtn, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the composition is pWen, which satisfies the following conditions: 0.20≤pWtn / pWen≤5.

00.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The cumulative particle size of the constituent particles is tnD50, and the cumulative particle size of the dispersed particles is enD50, which meets the following conditions: 0.05≤Log(tnD50 / enD50)≤2.

50.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The structural elements are selected from at least two of copper, tin, silicon, iron, and manganese.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein The structural elements are selected from at least three of copper, tin, silicon, iron and manganese.

7. A negative electrode, characterized in that Include: A negative electrode material comprises the composition as claimed in claim 1 and a conductive agent.

8. The negative electrode according to claim 7, wherein The weight ratio of the composition to the negative electrode material is pWo, and the weight ratio of the conductive agent to the negative electrode material is pWc, which meets the following conditions: 2.80≤pWo / pWc≤3.

80.

9. The negative electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that The negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks or at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20V to 3.00V.

10. The negative electrode according to claim 9, characterized in that The negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks within a voltage range of 1.00V to 2.50V, and the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20V to 2.00V.

11. The negative electrode according to claim 7, wherein The peak value of a first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, and the peak value of a second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa2, which meet the following conditions: 0.50≤Ipa1 / Ipa2≤5.

00.

12. The negative electrode according to claim 7, wherein The peak value of a first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1, and the peak value of a second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc2, which meet the following conditions: 1.50≤Ipc1 / Ipc2≤8.

00.

13. The negative electrode according to claim 7, wherein The density of the negative electrode material is DSan, which meets the following conditions: 0.40g / cm 3 ≤DSan≤1.80g / cm 3 。 14. The negative electrode according to claim 7, wherein The thickness of the negative electrode material is THan, and the resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, which meets the following conditions: 1.0 μm ≤ THan ≤ 70.0 μm; and 0.50mΩ≤Ran≤50.00mΩ.

15. A battery, characterized in that: Include: The negative electrode according to claim 7.

16. The battery according to claim 15, wherein The discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 1C is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the hundredth cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 1C is C1V100, which meets the following conditions: 0.50≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.

80.

17. The battery according to claim 15, wherein The discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 1C is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the five hundredth cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 1C is C1V500, which meets the following conditions: 0.50≤C1V500 / C1V10≤2.

50.

18. The battery according to claim 15, wherein The discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle when charged and discharged at a current of 4C is C4V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the hundredth cycle when charged and discharged at a current of 4C is C4V100, which meets the following conditions: 0.50≤C4V100 / C4V10≤1.

50.

19. The battery according to claim 15, wherein The discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the tenth cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 6C is C6V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the hundredth cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 6C is C6V100, which meets the following conditions: 0.50≤C6V100 / C6V10≤1.

50.

20. A composition, characterized in that Include: A component particle and a dispersed particle, wherein the component particle and the dispersed particle are both an active material; The component particles include a niobium-titanium composite oxide, and the niobium-titanium composite oxide includes a niobium element and a titanium element; The dispersed particles include a structural element composite oxide, and the structural element composite oxide includes at least three structural elements.

21. The composition according to claim 20, wherein The weight ratio of the constituent particles to the composition is pWtn, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the composition is pWen, which satisfies the following conditions: 0.20≤pWtn / pWen≤5.

00.

22. The composition according to claim 20, wherein The observed particle size of the constituent particles is SDtn, and the observed particle size of the dispersed particles is SDen, which meet the following conditions: 0.50 μm ≤ SDtn ≤ 50.00 μm; and 0.01μm≤SDen≤5.00μm.

23. The composition according to claim 20, wherein The at least three structural elements are selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, tin, silicon, iron, manganese and nickel.

24. The composition according to claim 23, wherein The structural element composite oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon-tin-iron composite oxide, silicon-copper-manganese composite oxide, tin-copper-cobalt composite oxide, tin-manganese-nickel composite oxide, copper-manganese-nickel composite oxide and copper-tin-nickel composite oxide.

25. A negative electrode, characterized in that Include: A negative electrode material comprising the composition according to claim 20.

26. The negative electrode according to claim 25, characterized in that The negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks within a voltage range of 1.00V to 2.50V, and the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks within a voltage range of 0.20V to 2.00V.

27. The negative electrode according to claim 26, characterized in that The voltage of a first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1, which satisfies the following conditions: 1.50V≤Epa1≤2.00V.

28. The negative electrode according to claim 26, wherein The voltage of a first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc1, which satisfies the following conditions: 0.20V≤Epc1≤1.20V.

29. The negative electrode according to claim 26, wherein The voltage of a first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Epa1, and the voltage of a first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Epc1, which meet the following conditions: 0.40V≤Epa1-Epc1≤1.80V.

30. The negative electrode according to claim 26, wherein The peak value of a first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Ipa1, and the peak value of a first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ipc1, which meet the following conditions: 0.30≤|Ipa1 / Ipc1|≤1.

50.

31. A battery, characterized in that: Include: The negative electrode according to claim 25.

32. The battery according to claim 31, wherein The discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 1C is C1V100, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 4C is C4V100, which meets the following conditions: 0.50≤C4V100 / C1V100≤1.

20.

33. The battery according to claim 31, wherein The discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 1C is C1V100, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery at the 100th cycle of charge and discharge at a current of 6C is C6V100, which meets the following conditions: 0.30≤C6V100 / C1V100≤1.20.

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