A miniaturized broadband antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a miniaturized broadband antenna, relating to the field of microwave antennas. It includes a radiating structure, a feeding structure, and a dielectric substrate. The radiating structure comprises a radiating patch, multiple layers of sequentially arranged first metal strips, and multiple layers of radiating metal pillars. Radiating metal pillars are provided between the radiating patch and adjacent first metal strips, as well as between two adjacent first metal strips. The feeding structure includes a feeding strip, multiple layers of sequentially arranged second metal strips, and multiple layers of feeding metal pillars. Feeding metal pillars are provided between the feeding strip and adjacent second metal strips, as well as between two adjacent second metal strips. The dielectric substrate comprises a metal layer and multiple layers of sequentially arranged dielectric layers. Each radiating metal pillar passes through and contacts a corresponding dielectric layer, and each feeding metal pillar passes through and contacts a corresponding dielectric layer. At least two layers of radiating metal pillars are staggered, and / or at least two layers of feeding metal pillars are staggered. This invention can broaden the feeding bandwidth of electric dipoles; its structure has wide applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave antenna technology, and in particular to a miniaturized broadband antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of society and economy and the progress of science and technology, wireless communication technology has developed rapidly, and the performance requirements of wireless communication systems for antennas have become increasingly higher. Communication base stations require antennas with wider frequency bands to increase data transmission rates, radar systems require antennas with higher gain to improve detection range, and satellite links require antennas with smaller size and lighter weight to reduce system costs. Luk KM and Wong H of City University of Hong Kong proposed a new wideband unidirectional antenna element[J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2006, 1(1): 35–44., which combines equivalent magnetic dipoles and equivalent electric dipoles based on the principle of pattern complementarity, and proposed an antenna structure with large frequency bandwidth, strong pattern symmetry, and high aperture efficiency, named the magnetoelectric dipole antenna. In the following decade or so, this type of antenna has become the best choice for antennas in many wireless communication systems.

[0003] Traditional magnetoelectric dipole antennas consist of a three-dimensional structure composed of a radiating metal sheet and a cylindrical metal feed line. Faced with the increasing demands for higher communication frequencies and more integrated communication systems in recent years, researchers have proposed a series of miniaturized and planar magnetoelectric dipole schemes. Among them, Chinese invention application CN201710817654.7 provides a low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna structure based on a bent magnetic wall, and Chinese invention patent application 201911417283.9 provides a low-profile folded magnetoelectric dipole antenna. Both employ an equivalent magnetic wall metal sheet folding method to reduce the antenna's profile height. Kai He et al. (A Wideband Dual-Band Magneto-Electric Dipole AntennaWith Improved Feeding Structure[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 2014, 13(1): 1729-1732.) proposed a scheme to optimize the feed coupling by bending the L-shaped probe and the magnetic wall metal sheet together, which improves the antenna radiation efficiency while reducing the profile height. However, the above antenna design is still a three-dimensional magnetoelectric dipole structure made of metal sheet. Although the structure is easy to fold, the low dielectric constant of air and the interaction between the metal sheet structure and the air medium affect the size and frequency characteristics of the antenna. The overall antenna size is large and it is difficult to apply to high-frequency integrated packaging systems. Xiuping Li et al. (Xiuping Li, et al. A Low-Profile Substrate Integrated Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Based on Folded Magnetic Wall for UWB Application[C]. 2018 IEEE / MTT-S International Microwave Symposium -IMS.Microwave, 2018) proposed using a folded structure in a planar magnetoelectric dipole structure. Although folding the magnetic wall effectively reduces the profile thickness, the folding of the single-layer magnetic wall affects the impedance characteristics and radiation mode, resulting in an antenna bandwidth of only 20.5% and a significant reduction in radiation pattern stability. Chinese invention patent application number CN202010499857.8 provides a dual-polarized low-profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna and wireless communication device. It improves the half-power beamwidth by adding a parasitic radiation structure to the planar magnetic dipole. While this method of optimizing the radiation mode can meet the large-angle scanning requirements of the communication system, it reduces the antenna radiation efficiency, impedance bandwidth, and gain bandwidth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a miniaturized broadband antenna to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can realize the broadband extension of electric dipole feeding; it has strong manufacturability and a wider range of structural applications.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a miniaturized broadband antenna, comprising a radiating structure, a feeding structure, and a dielectric substrate, wherein:

[0007] The number of radiation structures is at least two and is even. Each radiation structure includes a radiation patch, multiple layers of first metal strips arranged sequentially, and multiple layers of radiation metal pillars. Each radiation patch is provided with a layer of radiation metal pillars between itself and an adjacent first metal strip, as well as between two adjacent first metal strips.

[0008] The power supply structure includes a power supply strip, multiple layers of second metal strips arranged sequentially, and multiple layers of power supply metal pillars. Each power supply strip is provided with a layer of power supply metal pillars between each power supply strip and an adjacent second metal strip, as well as between two adjacent second metal strips.

[0009] The dielectric substrate includes a metal layer and multiple dielectric layers arranged sequentially. The metal layer is disposed between the last dielectric layer and the dielectric layer adjacent to the last dielectric layer. The radiating patch and the feed line are both disposed on the outer side of the first dielectric layer on the side of the dielectric substrate away from the metal layer. The radiating metal pillars correspond one-to-one with the dielectric layers, and the feed metal pillars correspond one-to-one with the dielectric layers. Each radiating metal pillar passes through and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer, and each feed metal pillar passes through and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer. Each first metal strip and each second metal strip are disposed between two adjacent dielectric layers. At least two of the radiating metal pillars are staggered, and / or at least two of the feed metal pillars are staggered.

[0010] Preferably, at least two layers of the radiating metal pillars are staggered, and at least two layers of the feeding metal pillars are staggered.

[0011] Preferably, there are four radiating structures, which are rotate symmetrical about a center of symmetry at 90°, and the center of symmetry is located on the center line along the length of the feed line.

[0012] Preferably, each of the radiating patches is rectangular, and the two adjacent sidewalls of each radiating patch away from the second metal strip are respectively the first outer sidewall and the second outer sidewall. Each first outer sidewall is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiating patch. A gap is provided at one end of each first outer sidewall near the radiating patch and at one end of each second outer sidewall near the adjacent radiating structure. An irregularly shaped hole is provided inside each radiating patch.

[0013] Preferably, each of the irregularly shaped holes includes a large rectangular hole and a small rectangular hole. The center lines of the length direction of each large rectangular hole, the center lines of the length direction of the corresponding small rectangular hole, and the center lines of the length direction of the corresponding radiating patch are parallel to each other. The center lines of the width direction of each large rectangular hole, the center lines of the width direction of the corresponding small rectangular hole, and the center lines of the width direction of the corresponding radiating patch are parallel to each other. The center lines of the length direction and the center lines of the width direction of each large rectangular hole, the corresponding small rectangular hole, and the corresponding radiating patch are all parallel to each other. The intersection line of the first outer sidewall and the corresponding second outer sidewall is the outer perimeter line. Each small rectangular hole is disposed in the corresponding radiating patch. On the side of the radiating patch close to the diplomatic line, each of the large rectangular holes is disposed on the side of the corresponding radiating patch away from the diplomatic line; the edge regions of each large rectangular hole close to the corresponding diplomatic line and the edge regions of the corresponding small rectangular holes away from the corresponding diplomatic line overlap; the inner sidewall of the large rectangular hole close to the first outer wall is the first inner sidewall, the inner sidewall of the large rectangular hole close to the second outer wall is the second inner sidewall, the gaps on each of the first outer walls are opposite to the first inner sidewalls of the corresponding large rectangular holes, and the gaps on each of the second outer walls are opposite to the second inner sidewalls of the corresponding large rectangular holes.

[0014] Preferably, each layer of radiating metal pillars includes a plurality of radiating metal pillars, and each radiating patch and the adjacent first metal strip respectively contact the two ends of each radiating metal pillar between them, and two adjacent layers of first metal strips respectively contact the two ends of each radiating metal pillar between them.

[0015] Preferably, each layer of feed metal pillar includes one feed metal pillar, and each feed strip and the adjacent second metal strip respectively contact the two ends of the feed metal pillar between them, and two adjacent layers of second metal strips respectively contact the two ends of the feed metal pillar between them.

[0016] Preferably, the sidewall on each of the radiating patches that is parallel to the corresponding first outer sidewall is the third outer sidewall, and the sidewall on each of the radiating patches that is parallel to the corresponding second outer sidewall is the fourth outer sidewall; at least two radiating metal pillars are provided on the side of each radiating patch near the third outer sidewall, spaced apart along the length direction of the third outer sidewall, and at least two radiating metal pillars are provided on the side of each radiating patch near the fourth outer sidewall, spaced apart along the length direction of the fourth outer sidewall; the radiating metal pillars of adjacent layers are staggered along the length direction of the radiating patches.

[0017] Preferably, the radiating metal columns of adjacent layers arranged along the width direction of the power feeding structure are staggered.

[0018] Preferably, the power supply metal columns of adjacent layers arranged along the length of the power supply structure are staggered.

[0019] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0020] The miniaturized broadband antenna provided by this invention includes a radiating structure, a feeding structure, and a dielectric substrate. The radiating structure comprises at least two elements, each including a radiating patch, multiple layers of sequentially arranged first metal strips, and multiple layers of radiating metal pillars. A layer of radiating metal pillars is disposed between each radiating patch and an adjacent first metal strip, as well as between two adjacent first metal strips. The feeding structure includes a feeding strip, multiple layers of sequentially arranged second metal strips, and multiple layers of feeding metal pillars. A layer of feeding metal pillars is disposed between each feeding strip and an adjacent second metal strip, as well as between two adjacent second metal strips. The dielectric substrate comprises multiple dielectric layers. The dielectric substrate has a dielectric layer and a metal layer, and multiple dielectric layers and metal layers are arranged sequentially. Radiation patches and feed lines are both arranged on the outer side of the first dielectric layer on the side of the dielectric substrate away from the metal layer. Radiation metal pillars correspond one-to-one with dielectric layers, and feed metal pillars correspond one-to-one with dielectric layers. Each radiation metal pillar passes through the corresponding dielectric layer and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer. Each feed metal pillar passes through the corresponding dielectric layer and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer. A first metal strip and a second metal strip are arranged on both sides of each dielectric layer except for the first dielectric layer and the dielectric layer near the metal layer. At least two layers of radiation metal pillars are staggered, and / or at least two layers of feed metal pillars are staggered.

[0021] This invention employs an interlaced metal pillar design, increasing the current path of the magnetic dipole and thus achieving a low-profile antenna design. A capacitive structure is introduced into the feed line to broaden the electric dipole feeding bandwidth. Specifically… Figures 13-15The current distribution on the first metal strip and the radiating metal pillar is shown. The current flows horizontally along the first metal strip and propagates vertically along the radiating metal pillar. Similarly, the current flows horizontally along the second metal strip and propagates vertically along the feeding metal pillar. Therefore, when this structure radiates as part of a magnetic dipole antenna, the current travels a longer physical distance compared to an antenna without an interlaced metal pillar structure. That is, when an antenna without an interlaced metal pillar structure and an antenna with an interlaced metal pillar structure operate at the same radiation frequency, the antenna with an interlaced metal pillar structure proposed in this invention has a lower profile height. Figure 17 and 18 The images show the input impedance of the feeder on the Smith chart for both the absence and presence of staggered metal pillars. For the staggered metal pillar structure, current flowing through the pillars creates an equivalent inductance. As current flows through the metal strips, the vertically staggered strips create an equivalent capacitance, with different values ​​between strips at different layers. This alternating combination of capacitance and inductance causes the feeder's input impedance line to rotate repeatedly on the Smith chart, thus extending the input bandwidth. Furthermore, in terms of manufacturing processes, the staggered metal pillar design is more suitable for microfabrication. When multilayer boards are stacked, the staggered metal pillar stack structure exhibits less warpage and higher machinability compared to a vertical metal pillar stack structure at the same horizontal position. It also boasts better structural strength and higher yield, making it more widely applicable. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the miniaturized broadband antenna provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 An exploded view of the miniaturized broadband antenna provided by this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A top view of the miniaturized broadband antenna provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view of AA;

[0027] Figure 5 A side view of the radial structure provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a front view schematic diagram of the radiation structure provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the radial structure provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 A side view of the power supply structure provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 A front view of the power supply structure provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 Top view of the first dielectric layer provided for this invention;

[0033] Figure 11 A top view of the second dielectric layer provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 Top view of the eleventh dielectric layer provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 13 A top view of the metal layer provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the current distribution on the first metal strip provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the current distribution on the radiating metal column provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the current distribution on the radiating structure provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the equivalent input impedance of an antenna without a staggered metal pillar structure on the Smith chart.

[0040] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the distribution of the equivalent input impedance value of the miniaturized broadband antenna provided by the present invention in the Smith chart;

[0041] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the surface current distribution of a planar dipole antenna without a slot at the radiating patch.

[0042] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the surface current distribution of a planar dipole antenna with a slot at the radiating patch.

[0043] Figure 21 A schematic diagram of the surface current distribution of a planar dipole antenna with a slot and irregularly shaped hole at the radiating patch.

[0044] Figure 22A schematic diagram of the input bandwidth of a planar dipole antenna with only a slit at the radiating patch.

[0045] Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the input bandwidth of a planar dipole antenna with slots and irregular holes at the radiating patch.

[0046] In the diagram: 100, Miniaturized broadband antenna; 1, Radiation structure; 11, First radiating patch; 12, Second radiating patch; 13, Third radiating patch; 14, Fourth radiating patch; 15, First radiating metal pillar; 16, Second radiating metal pillar; 17, Third radiating metal pillar; 18, Fourth radiating metal pillar; 19, First metal strip; 110, First outer sidewall; 111, Second outer sidewall; 112, Slit; 113, Irregularly shaped hole; 114, Large rectangular hole; 115, Small rectangular hole; 116, First inner sidewall; 117. 118. Second inner sidewall; 119. Third outer sidewall; 110. Fourth outer sidewall; 2. Power supply structure; 21. Power supply strip; 22. Power supply metal pillar; 23. Second metal strip; 3. Dielectric substrate; 31. First dielectric layer; 32. Second dielectric layer; 33. Third dielectric layer; 34. Fourth dielectric layer; 35. Fifth dielectric layer; 36. Sixth dielectric layer; 37. Seventh dielectric layer; 38. Eighth dielectric layer; 39. Ninth dielectric layer; 310. Tenth dielectric layer; 311. Metal layer; 312. Eleventh dielectric layer; 313. Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] The purpose of this invention is to provide a miniaturized broadband antenna to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can realize the broadband extension of electric dipole feeding; it has strong manufacturability and a wider range of structural applications.

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figures 1-13As shown, this embodiment provides a miniaturized broadband antenna 100, including a radiating structure 1, a feeding structure 2, and a dielectric substrate 3. The radiating structures 1 are at least two and an even number, each radiating structure 1 including a radiating patch, multiple layers of sequentially arranged first metal strips 19, and multiple layers of radiating metal pillars. A layer of radiating metal pillars is disposed between each radiating patch and an adjacent first metal strip 19, and between two adjacent first metal strips 19. The feeding structure 2 includes a feeding strip 21, multiple layers of sequentially arranged second metal strips 23, and multiple layers of feeding metal pillars 22. A layer of feeding metal pillars 22 is disposed between each feeding strip 21 and an adjacent second metal strip 23, and between two adjacent second metal strips 23. The dielectric substrate 3 includes a metal layer 311 and multiple layers of sequentially arranged dielectric layers. The metal layer 311 is provided with… The radiating patch and the feed line 21 are both disposed on the outer side of the first dielectric layer 31 on the side of the dielectric substrate 3 away from the metal layer 311; the radiating metal pillars correspond one-to-one with the dielectric layers, and the feed metal pillars 22 correspond one-to-one with the dielectric layers. Each radiating metal pillar passes through the corresponding dielectric layer and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer, and each feed metal pillar 22 passes through the corresponding dielectric layer and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer; each first metal line 19 and each second metal line 23 are disposed between two adjacent dielectric layers. Specifically, each dielectric layer other than the first dielectric layer 31 and the last dielectric layer has a first metal line 19 and a second metal line 23 disposed on both sides; at least two layers of the radiating metal pillars are staggered, and / or at least two layers of the feed metal pillars 22 are staggered.

[0052] This embodiment employs an interlaced metal pillar design, increasing the current path of the magnetic dipole and thus achieving a low-profile antenna design. A capacitive structure is introduced into the feed line to broaden the electric dipole feeding bandwidth. Specifically… Figures 14-16 The current distribution on the first metal strip 19 and the radiating metal pillar is shown. The current flows horizontally along the first metal strip 19 and propagates vertically along the radiating metal pillar. Similarly, the current flows horizontally along the second metal strip 23 and propagates vertically along the feeding metal pillar 22. Therefore, when this structure radiates as part of a magnetic dipole antenna, the current travels a longer physical distance compared to an antenna without an interlaced metal pillar structure. That is, when an antenna without an interlaced metal pillar structure and an antenna with an interlaced metal pillar structure operate at the same radiation frequency, the antenna with an interlaced metal pillar structure proposed in this embodiment has a lower profile height. Figure 17 and 18The images show the input impedance of the feeder on the Smith chart for both the absence and presence of staggered metal pillars. For the staggered metal pillar structure, current flowing through the pillars creates an equivalent inductance. As current flows through the metal strips, the vertically staggered strips create an equivalent capacitance, with different values ​​between strips at different layers. This alternating combination of capacitance and inductance causes the feeder's input impedance line to rotate repeatedly on the Smith chart, thus extending the input bandwidth. Furthermore, in terms of manufacturing processes, the staggered metal pillar design is more suitable for microfabrication. When multilayer boards are stacked, the staggered metal pillar stack structure exhibits less warpage and higher machinability compared to a vertical metal pillar stack structure at the same horizontal position. It also boasts better structural strength and higher yield, making it more widely applicable.

[0053] In this specific embodiment, at least two layers of the radiating metal pillars are staggered, and at least two layers of the feeding metal pillars 22 are staggered to better broaden the electric dipole feeding bandwidth.

[0054] In this specific embodiment, multiple radiating structures 1 are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner about a center of symmetry. Preferably, there are four radiating structures 1, and the four radiating structures 1 are rotated 90° about the center of symmetry, that is, any radiating structure 1 can completely coincide with the next radiating structure 1 by rotating 90° around the center of symmetry. The center of symmetry is located on the center line of the feed line 21 along its length. Preferably, the center of symmetry is the midpoint of the center line of the feed line 21 along its length. It should be noted that when there are two radiating structures 1, the radiating structures 1 are rotated 180° about the center of symmetry; when there are six radiating structures 1, the radiating structures 1 are rotated 60° about the center of symmetry.

[0055] In this specific embodiment, each radiating patch is rectangular. The two adjacent sidewalls of each radiating patch away from the second metal strip 23 are respectively the first outer sidewall 110 and the second outer sidewall 111. Each first outer sidewall 110 is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiating patch. A gap 112 is provided at the end of each first outer sidewall 110 near the radiating patch and at the end of each second outer sidewall 111 near the adjacent radiating structure 1. An irregular hole 113 is provided inside each radiating patch.

[0056] In this specific embodiment, each irregularly shaped hole 113 includes a large rectangular hole 114 and a small rectangular hole 115. The center lines of the length direction of the large rectangular holes 114, the center lines of the length direction of the corresponding small rectangular holes 115, and the center lines of the length direction of the corresponding radiating patches are parallel to each other. The center lines of the width direction of the large rectangular holes 114, the center lines of the width direction of the corresponding small rectangular holes 115, and the center lines of the width direction of the corresponding radiating patches are parallel to each other. The intersection line of the first outer sidewall 110 and the corresponding second outer sidewall 111 is the outer perimeter line. Each small rectangular hole 115 is disposed on the side of the corresponding radiating patch close to the outer perimeter line, and the large rectangular holes 114 are disposed on the side of the corresponding radiating patch close to the outer perimeter line. The corresponding radiating patch is located on the side away from the diplomatic line; the edge regions of the large rectangular holes 114 near the corresponding diplomatic line and the edge regions of the corresponding small rectangular holes 115 away from the corresponding diplomatic line overlap; the inner sidewall of the large rectangular hole 114 near the first outer wall 110 is the first inner sidewall 116, and the inner sidewall of the large rectangular hole 114 near the second outer wall 111 is the second inner sidewall 117. The slots 112 on each first outer wall 110 are opposite to the first inner sidewall 116 of the corresponding large rectangular hole 114, and the slots 112 on each second outer wall 111 are opposite to the second inner sidewall 117 of the corresponding large rectangular hole 114. In this embodiment, the higher-order resonant modes of the electric dipole introduced by etching a specific pattern on the radiating patch form a multimode resonance with the original basic mode of the electric dipole introduced by the radiating patch, thereby widening the antenna impedance bandwidth.

[0057] In this specific embodiment, each layer of radiating metal pillars includes multiple radiating metal pillars, and each radiating patch and the adjacent first metal strip 19 respectively contact the two ends of each radiating metal pillar between them, and two adjacent layers of first metal strip 19 respectively contact the two ends of each radiating metal pillar between them.

[0058] In this specific embodiment, each layer of feeding metal pillars includes a feeding metal pillar 22, and each feeding strip 21 and the adjacent second metal strip 23 are respectively in contact with the two ends of the feeding metal pillar 22 between them, and the two adjacent layers of second metal strip 23 are respectively in contact with the two ends of the feeding metal pillar 22 between them.

[0059] In this specific embodiment, the sidewall on each radiating patch that is parallel to the corresponding first outer sidewall 110 is the third outer sidewall 118, and the sidewall on each radiating patch that is parallel to the corresponding second outer sidewall 111 is the fourth outer sidewall 119; each radiating patch has at least two radiating metal pillars spaced apart along the length direction of the third outer sidewall 118 on the side near the third outer sidewall 118, and each radiating patch has at least two radiating metal pillars spaced apart along the length direction of the fourth outer sidewall 119 on the side near the fourth outer sidewall 119; the radiating metal pillars of adjacent layers arranged along the length direction of the feeding structure 2 are staggered.

[0060] In this specific embodiment, the radiating metal columns of adjacent layers arranged along the width direction of the power feeding structure 2 are staggered.

[0061] In this specific embodiment, the radiating metal pillars of the two adjacent layers include five radiating metal pillars and three radiating metal pillars, respectively, and one of the five radiating metal pillars is located at the intersection of the third outer wall 118 and the fourth outer wall 119.

[0062] In this specific embodiment, the feed metal pillars 22 of adjacent layers are staggered along the length of the feed line 21.

[0063] To demonstrate the advantages of the structure in this embodiment, a comparison is made between planar magnetoelectric dipole antennas (such as those using the improved structure of this embodiment and those not using the improved structure)... Figure 19 The performance of (as shown) is compared:

[0064] Figure 19 The surface current distribution of a planar dipole antenna without slot 112 at the radiating patch and without staggered metal pillars is shown. In this case, the radiated current of the electric dipole flows around the outer edge of the radiating patch, forming a periodic loop. Figure 20 The surface current distribution of a planar dipole antenna with a slot 112 at the radiating patch is shown. The mode of the radiated current does not change significantly, but at the slot 112, the current flows along the edge of the slot 112, forming a loop. The total length of the current flowing through the loop is positively correlated with the wavelength corresponding to the antenna's radiation frequency. Therefore, when... Figure 19 and Figure 20 When the structure shown operates at the same radiation frequency Figure 20 The structure shown requires a smaller radiating patch size, which proves that the slot 112 structure introduced in this embodiment can effectively reduce the horizontal size of the antenna.

[0065] In addition, Figure 20 Based on this, in this embodiment, irregularly shaped holes 113 are etched inside the radiating patch, and the surface current distribution is as follows. Figure 21 As shown, after adding the irregular hole 113, the current form at the outer edge of the radiation patch does not change significantly, that is, it has no effect on the basic mode of the electric dipole. At this time, since a current loop is also generated at the edge of the irregular hole 113, it supports a new radiation frequency and mode, that is, a multimode resonance is formed.

[0066] Figure 22 The input bandwidth of the planar dipole antenna with only a slot 112 at the radiating patch is given. Figure 23 The input bandwidth of the planar dipole antenna with slot 112 and irregular aperture 113 at the radiating patch is given, where the effective bandwidth is less than -10 GHz. Figure 22The effective bandwidth range is 27.01GHz to 35.98GHz. Figure 23 The effective bandwidth frequency range is 25.94GHz~38.32GHz. The comparison shows that after adding the irregular aperture 113, the high-order modes (35.98GHz~38.32GHz) at the high frequency of the antenna are introduced into the effective bandwidth range, which proves that the irregular aperture 113 structure introduced in this embodiment can play the role of increasing the antenna bandwidth.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] This embodiment provides a miniaturized broadband antenna 100, specifically:

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the radiation structure 1 consists of a first radiation patch 11, a second radiation patch 12, a third radiation patch 13, a fourth radiation patch 14, a first radiation metal pillar 15, a second radiation metal pillar 16, a third radiation metal pillar 17, and a fourth radiation metal pillar 18; the feeding structure 2 consists of a feeding line 21 and a feeding metal pillar 22. The first radiation patch 11, the second radiation patch 12, the third radiation patch 13, and the fourth radiation patch 14 are all shaped like a complete rectangular patch after slits are made on the two adjacent outer sides and a specific pattern is etched in the central region. Generally, the shape of a single complete rectangle is a regular quadrilateral; the length of a single side of the regular quadrilateral is approximately one-sixth to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the electric dipole radiation frequency. The width of the slits 112 on the adjacent sides of the regular quadrilateral is between one-twentieth and one-tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the electric dipole radiation frequency; the length of the slits 112 is between one-twelfth and one-sixth of the wavelength corresponding to the electric dipole radiation frequency. The pattern etched in the central region of a regular quadrilateral consists of two or more identical patterns of different sizes whose geometric centers do not overlap.

[0070] In this specific embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the dielectric substrate 3 is composed of a first dielectric layer 31, a second dielectric layer 32, a third dielectric layer 33, a fourth dielectric layer 34, a fifth dielectric layer 35, a sixth dielectric layer 36, a seventh dielectric layer 37, an eighth dielectric layer 38, a ninth dielectric layer 39, a tenth dielectric layer 310, a metal layer 311, and an eleventh dielectric layer 312. The first dielectric layer 31, the third dielectric layer 33, the fifth dielectric layer 35, the seventh dielectric layer 37, and the ninth dielectric layer 39 have the same structure, as shown in the figure. Figure 10 As shown, each layer has through holes 313 for the corresponding radiating metal pillar and feeding metal pillar 22 to pass through. The second dielectric layer 32, the fourth dielectric layer 34, the sixth dielectric layer 36, the eighth dielectric layer 38, and the tenth dielectric layer 310 have the same structure, as shown in the figure. Figure 11As shown, each has a through hole 313 for the corresponding radiating metal pillar and the feeding metal pillar 22 to pass through. Figure 13 As shown, the metal layer 311 is a metal ground structure for a magnetoelectric dipole, and has through holes 313 through which the corresponding feed metal pillars 22 pass. Figure 12 As shown, the antenna adopts a dielectric substrate coaxial feeding structure. A through hole 313 is provided on the eleventh dielectric layer 312 for the feeding metal post 22 to pass through. A sufficiently dense metal hole is provided on the outside of the through hole 313, so that the metal hole can be equivalent to a large metal ring structure, forming an equivalent outer metal conductor. The end away from the feeding line 21 is provided with a feeding metal post 22 that passes through the through hole 313 on the eleventh dielectric layer 312.

[0071] In this specific embodiment, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the feed line 21 is a rectangular metal sheet structure, with the short side of the feed line 21... Figure 1 As shown in the left and right directions, along the long side Figure 1 The front-to-back direction is shown. The metal pillars of adjacent layers are along... Figure 1 As shown, the front and rear directions are misaligned, and the second metal strip 23 is connected to the feed metal column 22 of the adjacent layer.

[0072] In this specific embodiment, the first radiating metal pillar 15, the second radiating metal pillar 16, the third radiating metal pillar 17, and the fourth radiating metal pillar 18 have identical structures and are rotate symmetrical in their positions within the radiating structure 1. Figure 2 Taking the first radiating metal column 15 as an example, after rotating the viewing angle, it forms as follows: Figure 6 Front view diagram and Figure 7 Rear view diagram and Figure 5 The side view. In the first dielectric layer 31, the third dielectric layer 33, the fifth dielectric layer 35, the seventh dielectric layer 37 and the ninth dielectric layer 39, each dielectric layer contains five first radiating metal pillars 15; in the second dielectric layer 32, the fourth dielectric layer 34, the sixth dielectric layer 36, the eighth dielectric layer 38 and the tenth dielectric layer 310, each dielectric layer contains three first radiating metal pillars 15, that is, five radiating metal pillars and three radiating metal pillars are contained in two vertically adjacent dielectric layers respectively, and the multiple radiating metal pillars are arranged regularly with the same horizontal spacing in the horizontal direction.

[0073] To further illustrate the feasibility of the above technical solution, a specific implementation method is given below:

[0074] The miniaturized broadband antenna 100 in this embodiment is designed as a single-line polarized antenna with an impedance bandwidth of 24.1~38.6 GHz and an in-band antenna gain of 5.7~6.1 dBi. The length, width, and height of the miniaturized broadband antenna 100 are 5 mm, 5 mm, and 1.494 mm, respectively. The dielectric substrate 3 is made of LTCC-A6M material with a relative permittivity of 5.9 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The thickness of a single dielectric substrate is 0.096 mm. The metal layer 311 is made of pure gold and has a thickness of 0.01 mm. All metal holes in the large metal ring structure are solid holes, preferably filled with gold. The radius of all solid holes is 0.05 mm, and the center-to-center distance between adjacent metal holes is 0.3 mm. All through holes 313 are also metal holes. The minimum width of a single feed line is 0.3 mm. The first radiating patch 11, the second radiating patch 12, the third radiating patch 13, and the fourth radiating patch 14 have the same shape. Taking the first radiating patch 11 as an example, the parameters are described as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the initial shape of the radiating patch is a regular quadrilateral with a side length of 1.2 mm; Figure 3 Taking the radial patch in the upper left corner as an example, a slit 112 is made on both the left and top sides of the regular square. The bottom of the slit 112 on the left side of the regular square is 0.28 mm from the bottom side of the square, and the etched slit 112 is 0.1 mm wide and 0.3 mm long. The rightmost end of the slit 112 on the top side of the regular square is 0.28 mm from the right side of the square, and the etched slit 112 is 0.1 mm wide and 0.3 mm long. The ends of both slits 112 are chamfered with a chamfer radius of 0.1 mm. A rectangular coordinate system is established with the bottom left corner of the first radial patch 11 as the origin, the bottom side of the initial regular square as the X-axis, the left side as the Y-axis, the rightward direction as the positive X-axis direction, and the upward direction as the positive Y-axis direction. Two intersecting squares of different sizes are etched in the middle of the initial regular square, and the side length of the first etched square is 0.4 mm. The geometric center of the second etched square is located at [0.4 mm, 0.6 mm] in this coordinate system. The side length of the second etched square is 0.6 mm, and its geometric center is located at [0.7 mm, 0.5 mm] in this coordinate system. The upper left corner vertex of the first dielectric layer 31 has coordinates of [-0.63 mm, 1.83 mm] in the above coordinate system. The uppermost edge of the feed line 21 is 1.15 mm away from the uppermost edge of the first dielectric layer 31. The feed line has a width of 0.3 mm and a length of 2.1 mm, and its geometric center is located at [1.62 mm, -0.42 mm] in the above coordinate system.

[0075] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized broadband antenna, characterized in that: It includes a radiating structure, a feeding structure, and a dielectric substrate, wherein: The number of radiation structures is at least two and is even. Each radiation structure includes a radiation patch, multiple layers of first metal strips arranged sequentially, and multiple layers of radiation metal pillars. Each radiation patch is provided with a layer of radiation metal pillars between itself and an adjacent first metal strip, as well as between two adjacent first metal strips. The power supply structure includes a power supply strip, multiple layers of second metal strips arranged sequentially, and multiple layers of power supply metal pillars. Each power supply strip is provided with a layer of power supply metal pillars between each power supply strip and an adjacent second metal strip, as well as between two adjacent second metal strips. The dielectric substrate includes a metal layer and multiple dielectric layers arranged sequentially. The metal layer is disposed between the last dielectric layer and the dielectric layer adjacent to the last dielectric layer. The radiating patch and the feed line are both disposed on the outer side of the first dielectric layer on the side of the dielectric substrate away from the metal layer. The radiating metal pillars correspond one-to-one with the dielectric layers, and the feed metal pillars correspond one-to-one with the dielectric layers. Each radiating metal pillar passes through and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer, and each feed metal pillar passes through and contacts the corresponding dielectric layer. Each first metal strip and each second metal strip are disposed between two adjacent dielectric layers. At least two of the radiating metal pillars are staggered, and / or at least two of the feed metal pillars are staggered.

2. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two layers of the radiating metal column are staggered, and at least two layers of the feeding metal column are staggered.

3. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four radiation structures, and the four radiation structures are rotate symmetrical about a center of symmetry at 90°. The center of symmetry is located on the center line along the length of the feed line.

4. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the radiating patches is rectangular. The two adjacent sidewalls of each radiating patch away from the second metal strip are respectively the first outer sidewall and the second outer sidewall. The first outer sidewall is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiating patch. A gap is provided at the end of each first outer sidewall near the radiating patch and at the end of each second outer sidewall near the adjacent radiating structure. An irregularly shaped hole is provided inside each radiating patch.

5. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the irregularly shaped holes includes a large rectangular hole and a small rectangular hole. The center lines of the length direction of each large rectangular hole, the center lines of the length direction of the corresponding small rectangular hole, and the center lines of the length direction of the corresponding radiating patch are parallel to each other. The center lines of the width direction of each large rectangular hole, the center lines of the width direction of the corresponding small rectangular hole, and the center lines of the width direction of the corresponding radiating patch are parallel to each other. The intersection line of the first outer wall and the corresponding second outer wall is the diplomatic line. Each small rectangular hole is disposed on the side of the corresponding radiating patch close to the diplomatic line, and each large rectangular hole is disposed on the side of the corresponding radiating patch away from the diplomatic line. The edge regions of each large rectangular hole close to the corresponding diplomatic line and the edge regions of the corresponding small rectangular holes away from the corresponding diplomatic line overlap. The inner wall of the large rectangular hole close to the first outer wall is the first inner wall, and the inner wall of the large rectangular hole close to the second outer wall is the second inner wall. The gaps on each first outer wall are opposite to the first inner wall of the corresponding large rectangular hole, and the gaps on each second outer wall are opposite to the second inner wall of the corresponding large rectangular hole.

6. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each layer of radiating metal pillars includes multiple radiating metal pillars, and each radiating patch and the adjacent first metal strip are in contact with the two ends of each radiating metal pillar between them. The first metal strips of two adjacent layers are in contact with the two ends of each radiating metal pillar between them.

7. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer of feed metal pillars includes one feed metal pillar, and each feed strip and the adjacent second metal strip respectively contact the two ends of the feed metal pillar between them, and two adjacent layers of second metal strips respectively contact the two ends of the feed metal pillar between them.

8. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the radiating patches has a sidewall parallel to the corresponding first outer sidewall as a third outer sidewall, and a sidewall parallel to the corresponding second outer sidewall as a fourth outer sidewall. At least two radiating metal pillars are provided on the side of each radiating patch closest to the third outer sidewall, spaced apart along the length of the third outer sidewall. At least two radiating metal pillars are also provided on the side of each radiating patch closest to the fourth outer sidewall, spaced apart along the length of the fourth outer sidewall. The radiating metal pillars of adjacent layers are staggered along the length of the radiating patches.

9. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The radiating metal columns of adjacent layers arranged along the width direction of the power feeding structure are staggered.

10. The miniaturized broadband antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power supply metal columns of adjacent layers arranged along the length of the power supply structure are staggered.

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