Subway current collector contact force test experiment system and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to a subway current collector contact force test experiment system and a test method, the system comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a positioning device used for installing a current collector, and the bottom plate is provided with a test mechanism; the positioning device comprises a positioning frame, a clamping groove is formed in the positioning frame, and the clamping groove is used for clamping the current collector; a guide rail is fixedly connected to the base, the positioning frame is slidably connected to the guide rail, and a driving assembly is arranged on the guide rail. The test mechanism comprises a test frame arranged on the bottom plate, the length direction of the test frame is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail, the test frame is provided with an abutting table, the abutting table is used for simulating abutting cooperation of the third rail and the collector shoe, the abutting table is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used for detecting the contact pressure of the collector shoe and the abutting table. The method has the advantages that contact pressure data under different operation conditions can be tested, and compared with a traditional static test method, the method can better reflect the real stress condition of the current collector in actual operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of subway current collector performance testing, and in particular to a subway current collector contact force testing experimental system and testing method. Background Art

[0002] Subway operation relies on current collectors to draw power from the third rail's catenary. Appropriate and stable contact pressure ensures good contact between the current collector and the catenary, enabling continuous and smooth current transmission. Abnormal contact pressure, such as too little, can easily lead to poor contact and intermittent power outages, disrupting normal train operation and potentially causing a sudden power outage and shutdown. Excessive pressure can increase wear on the catenary and current collector, shortening equipment lifespan, and potentially affecting power supply stability due to localized overheating. Pressure testing monitors and ensures that contact pressure remains within a reasonable range, maintaining stable power supply.

[0003] To reflect the average interaction force between the current collector and the contact network under normal operating conditions, its value must be maintained within a reasonable range to ensure stable current collection and reduce abnormal wear on the contact network and current collector. The appropriate average contact pressure range for different types of current collectors varies. It also reflects the changes in contact pressure during operation. Excessive pressure fluctuations may indicate unstable contact between the current collector and the contact network, making arcing and sparking more likely to occur, affecting power supply and equipment life. Generally, the fluctuation value is required to be controlled within a specified small range.

[0004] However, traditional test experimental devices all make the current collector contact the contact network of the third rail to perform static pressure tests, which cannot simulate the dynamic tests during subway operation, resulting in a large deviation between the test data and the actual requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to be able to test the contact pressure data under different operating conditions, compared with the traditional static testing method, it can better reflect the actual force conditions of the current collector in actual operation. The present application provides a subway current collector contact force testing experimental system and testing method.

[0006] The present application provides a subway current collector contact force test experimental system and test method using the following technical solutions: A subway current collector contact force test experimental system includes a base plate, a positioning device for installing the current collector is provided on the base plate, and a test mechanism for pressure testing the collector shoe of the current collector is provided on the base plate; the current collector includes an insulating back plate, a swing arm is hinged on one side of the insulating back plate, and a collector shoe is provided at the end of the swing arm away from the insulating back plate, a transmission cylinder is hinged on the insulating back plate, the cylinder body of the transmission cylinder is hinged on the insulating back plate, and the piston rod of the transmission cylinder is tilted downward and fixedly connected to the swing arm; the positioning device includes a positioning frame, a positioning plate is provided on the positioning frame, and two clamping plates are fixedly connected to the positions of the positioning plate near both sides, and the clamping plates and the positioning device are fixedly connected. A vertically arranged slot is formed between the mounting plates, and the slot is used to clamp the insulating back plate, and the bolts for fixing the insulating back plate and the positioning frame are threadedly connected on the clamping plate; a guide rail is fixedly connected to the base, and the positioning frame is slidably connected to the guide rail, and a driving component for driving the positioning frame to slide along the guide rail is provided on the guide rail; the testing mechanism includes a test frame provided on the bottom plate, and the length direction of the test frame is provided along the length direction of the guide rail, and an abutment table is provided on the test frame, and the abutment table is used to simulate the abutment cooperation between the third rail and the collector shoe, and a pressure sensor is provided on the abutment table, and a plurality of pressure sensors are provided, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the contact pressure between the collector shoe and the abutment table.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses the current collector to test it, first install the insulating back plate of the current collector in the slot, fix the insulating back plate to the mounting plate with bolts, and then fix the insulating back plate to the mounting plate. The piston rod of the transmission cylinder extends to push the swing arm downward, and at the same time stretches the tension spring so that the collector shoe abuts against the bottom of the abutment platform. The tension of the tension spring makes the collector shoe always abut against the bottom of the abutment platform. The drive assembly drives the positioning frame to slide in the direction of the guide rail, and the collector shoe slides along the length direction of the abutment platform. The pressure sensor on the abutment platform can detect the pressure of the collector shoe during movement, thereby detecting the dynamic pressure of the collector shoe during subway travel, improving the accuracy of pressure detection, and reducing the error range.

[0008] Optionally, the test frame is composed of multiple detection frames, and the bottom of the detection frame corresponding to the starting position is fixedly connected to a slide, a sliding groove is provided on the bottom plate, the bottom of the slide is fixedly connected to a sliding block, the sliding block is slidably connected in the sliding groove, and a bolt is threadedly connected to the slide.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, when installing the current collector, the slide plate is slid away from the positioning frame to facilitate the downward movement of the collector shoe to the position of the detection plate, and then the slide plate is slid toward the positioning frame to make the abutment platform slide to the top of the collector shoe, so as to facilitate the abutment and fit between the collector shoe and the detection frame.

[0010] Optionally, the detection frame is divided into multiple detection unit parts, including a static detection unit and a dynamic detection unit; the static detection unit is located at the starting position of the test frame, and a static pressure sensor is provided on the abutment platform of the detection frame at the starting position. The dynamic detection unit is located in the middle of the test frame. The static detection unit is used to detect the static pressure of the collector shoe when the subway stops running, and to detect the dynamic pressure of the collector shoe when the subway is running.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, the static detection unit is used to detect the static pressure of the collector shoe when the subway stops running, and detect the dynamic pressure of the collector shoe when the subway is running, so as to collect the pressure of the collector shoe in all directions and improve the accuracy of the detection data. The static detection unit is located at the starting position of the abutment platform, and the dynamic detection unit is located in the middle of the abutment platform, which is convenient for the subway to go through the starting stage, acceleration stage to the final uniform speed stage, so that the uniform speed stage of the collector shoe can correspond to the dynamic detection unit, making the detection data closer to reality.

[0012] Optionally, the dynamic detection unit corresponds to multiple detection frames with the same structure; the abutment platform on each detection frame includes multiple side PCB pressure detection plates, and a central PCB pressure detection plate is arranged in the middle position of the side PCB pressure detection plates. The detection frame is provided with side pressure sensors for feeding back data detected by the side PCB pressure detection plates, and is also provided with a central pressure sensor for feeding back data detected by the central PCB pressure detection plate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, after the collector shoe passes through the bottom of the detection frame, the side PCB pressure detection board detects the pressure on both sides of the detection frame and feeds back the data through the side pressure sensor. The middle PCB pressure detection board feeds back the pressure detected in the middle of the detection frame through the middle pressure sensor. The data of the side pressure sensors and the middle pressure sensors on the detection frame are summed and averaged, that is, the pressure value on each detection frame. Finally, the pressure values ​​on all the detection frames are summed and averaged again, so that the pressure data value of the detection frame is more accurate.

[0014] Optionally, convex ribs are fixedly connected to both sides of the detection frame of the dynamic detection unit, positioning grooves are provided on both sides of the side PCB pressure detection plate, the convex ribs are inserted into the positioning grooves, a groove is provided in the middle position of the side PCB pressure detection plate, a central PCB pressure detection plate is provided in the groove, a positioning rib is fixedly connected to the detection frame, a protrusion is provided on the positioning rib, and limiting grooves are provided at both ends of the central PCB pressure detection plate, the convex ribs are inserted into the limiting ribs.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, it is convenient to clip the two sides of the side PCB pressure detection plate to the ridges of the detection frame, insert the middle PCB pressure detection plate into the groove of the side PCB pressure detection plate and make the bottom flush with the bottom of the side PCB pressure detection plate, and clip the two sides of the middle PCB pressure detection plate to the protrusions, thereby realizing the partitioned fixation of the middle PCB pressure detection plate and the side PCB pressure detection plate.

[0016] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a drive motor, a screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and the positioning frame is threadedly connected to the screw; a guide groove is provided on the guide rail, and a roller is provided on the positioning frame, and the roller rolls in the guide groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, the driving motor drives the screw to rotate, the positioning frame slides along the screw, and then drives the collector shoe to slide along the abutment platform, and the pressure sensor on the detection frame can detect the pressure value of the relay.

[0018] Optionally, a fixing plate is provided on the positioning frame, the positioning plate is connected to the fixing plate, a guide column is fixedly connected to the fixing plate, a through hole is opened on the positioning frame at a position corresponding to the guide column, the guide column passes through the through hole and is sleeved with a buffer spring, and the end of the guide column is fixedly connected to a limiting disk; a power motor is fixedly connected to the positioning frame, a cam is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power motor, a notch groove is opened on the positioning frame at a position corresponding to the cam, the notch groove passes through the positioning frame so that the ridge abuts against the fixing plate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, after the power motor is energized, the cam is driven to rotate, and the cam pushes the fixed plate to slide back and forth outward, so that the collector shoe can slide horizontally at the bottom of the detection frame, which is used to simulate the sliding between the collector shoe and the third rail when the subway turns, thereby being able to detect the pressure value that the collector shoe bears when the subway turns.

[0020] Optionally, the fixed plate is provided with two T-shaped slides, the T-shaped slides are arranged vertically, and the T-shaped slides are slidably connected to the support plate near the bottom, and a T-shaped slider is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the T-shaped slider is slidably connected to the T-shaped slide, and the support plate is bolted to the fixed plate, and the top of the support plate is fixedly connected to the return spring, and the end of the return spring away from the support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning plate; a T-shaped sliding block is fixedly connected to the positioning plate and slidably connected to the T-shaped slide, and the top of the T-shaped sliding block is fixedly connected to a sliding rod, and the tops of the two sliding rods are fixedly connected to a vibration motor.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, the vibration motor will work, which can drive the positioning plate to vibrate vertically. When the subway track surface is worn, uneven or peeled off, these uneven subway tracks will cause the train to vibrate during operation, which is used to simulate the collision vibration generated by the subway during the formation process, and can test the pressure of the collector shoe under different working conditions of the subway.

[0022] Optionally, a detection rod is fixedly connected to the support plate, the detection rod is horizontally arranged and extends to the bottom of the detection frame, and an infrared distance sensor and a speed sensor are arranged on the detection rod.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, when the user uses it, the detection rod slides horizontally following the positioning frame, the infrared distance sensor can detect the sliding distance of the collector shoe relative to the detection frame in real time, and the speed sensor can detect the speed value of the collector shoe sliding along the detection frame.

[0024] A method for testing contact force of a subway current collector comprises the following steps: S1. Positioning the current collector: First, install the insulating back plate of the current collector into the slot and fix the insulating back plate to the mounting plate with bolts. Then, the piston rod of the transmission cylinder extends, pushing the swing arm downward and simultaneously stretching the tension spring so that the collector shoe abuts the bottom of the abutment platform. The tension of the tension spring ensures that the collector shoe always abuts the bottom of the abutment platform. S2. Static pressure data test: When the collector shoe contacts the abutment platform at the starting position, the static pressure sensor on the abutment platform collects pressure data between the abutment platform and the collector shoe; S3. Dynamic pressure data test: a1. Driving the collector shoe to move: The driving motor drives the screw to rotate, and the positioning frame slides along the screw, thereby driving the collector shoe to slide along the abutment table; a2. Pressure value acquisition: When the collector shoe passes through the bottom of the detection frame, the side PCB pressure detection board detects the pressure on both sides of the detection frame and feeds back the data through the side pressure sensor, and the middle PCB pressure detection board feeds back the pressure detected in the middle of the detection frame through the middle pressure sensor. The data of the side pressure sensors and the middle pressure sensors on the detection frame are summed and averaged, that is, the pressure value on each detection frame. Finally, the pressure values ​​on the detection frame of the dynamic data acquisition unit are summed again and averaged; S3, simulated subway turning pressure test: After the power motor is powered on, the cam is driven to rotate, and the cam pushes the fixed plate to slide back and forth outward, causing the collector shoe to slide horizontally on the bottom of the test frame. The above steps S2 and S3 are repeated to simulate the measurement of the dynamic and static pressure between the collector shoe and the third rail when the subway turns; S4. Simulate the pressure test when the subway vibrates: The vibration motor drives the positioning plate to vibrate vertically to simulate the collision vibration generated by the subway during its formation. Then repeat the above steps S2 and S3 to simulate and measure the dynamic and static pressures between the collector shoe and the third rail when the subway vibrates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a current collector according to the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the current collector installed on the positioning device in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the positioning device in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram for highlighting the power motor and the cam in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the positioning device in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom plate and the testing mechanism in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a detection frame of a dynamic detection unit in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the abutment platform of the dynamic detection unit in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Magnified view of part A.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. current collector; 11. insulating back plate; 12. swing arm; 13. collector shoe; 14. transmission cylinder; 15. tension spring; 2. bottom plate; 21. guide rail; 211. guide groove; 22. drive motor; 23. screw; 3. positioning device; 31. positioning frame; 311. roller; 312. through hole; 313. notch groove; 32. positioning plate; 321. T-shaped sliding block; 322. sliding rod; 323. vibration motor; 33. clamping plate; 34. clamping groove; 35. fixing plate; 351. guide column; 352. buffer spring; 353. limit plate; 354. power motor; 355. cam; 356. T-shaped slide groove; 36. support plate; 3 61. T-shaped slider; 362. Return spring; 37. Detection rod; 371. Infrared distance sensor; 372. Speed ​​sensor; 4. Testing mechanism; 41. Test frame; 441. Detection frame; 442. Slide plate; 443. Slide groove; 444. Slide block; 42. Abutment table; 43. Static detection unit; 431. Static pressure sensor; 44. Dynamic detection unit; 441. Side PCB pressure detection plate; 442. Middle PCB pressure detection plate; 443. Side pressure sensor; 444. Middle pressure sensor; 445. Protrusion; 446. Positioning groove; 447. Groove; 448. Positioning ridge; 4481. Protrusion; 449. Limiting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following is combined with Figure 1-10 This application is described in further detail.

[0028] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "installed," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0030] Example 1 This application implements 1 to disclose a current receiver, referring to Figure 1 , including an insulating backplate 11, a swing arm 12, a collector shoe 13, a tension spring 15 and a transmission cylinder 14. One end of the swing arm 12 is connected to one side of the insulating backplate 11 by a hinged manner and can rotate flexibly. The swing arm 12 can be made of high-strength aluminum alloy, which is light in weight and high in strength. The collector shoe 13 is arranged at the end of the swing arm 12 away from the insulating backplate 11. The collector shoe 13 is usually made of a copper alloy with good electrical conductivity to ensure good electrical conductivity. The two ends of the tension spring 15 are respectively fixed on the insulating backplate 11 and the swing arm 12. The cylinder body of the transmission cylinder 14 is hinged on the insulating backplate 11, and the piston rod is tilted downward and fixedly connected to the swing arm 12. When the piston rod of the transmission cylinder 14 is extended, it can push the swing arm 12 to move downward. The transmission cylinder 14 can also be replaced by an electric push rod, which has higher control accuracy.

[0031] Example 2: This application implements 2 to disclose a subway current collector contact force test system, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , including a base plate 2, a positioning device 3 and a testing mechanism 4, wherein the positioning device 3 is arranged on the base plate 2 for installing the current collector 1, and the testing mechanism 4 is arranged on the base plate 2 to perform a pressure test on the collector shoe 13 of the current collector 1. Such a setting can comprehensively test the contact force of the current collector 1, accurately obtain the pressure data of the collector shoe 13 under different states, and avoid the limitations of traditional static testing.

[0032] A guide rail 21 is fixedly connected to the base plate 2, and a positioning frame 31 is slidably connected to the guide rail 21. A drive motor 22 is provided on the guide rail 21, and a screw 23 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 22. The positioning frame 31 is threadedly connected to the screw 23. A guide groove 211 is defined in the guide rail 21, and a roller 311 is provided on the positioning frame 31, which rolls within the guide groove 211. The drive motor 22 drives the screw 23 to rotate, and the positioning frame 31 slides along the screw 23, thereby driving the collector shoe 13 to slide along the abutment 42. The pressure sensor on the detection frame 441 can detect the pressure value of the relay. The guide rail 21 can be a linear guide 21, which has the characteristics of high precision and low friction.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 Specifically, the positioning device 3 includes a positioning frame 31, a positioning plate 32, a clamping plate 33 and a bolt. The positioning frame 31 can be made of welded steel and has high strength and stability. The positioning plate 32 is fixed on the positioning frame 31, and two clamping plates 33 are fixedly connected to the positioning plate 32 near the two sides. A vertically arranged clamping groove 34 is formed between the clamping plate 33 and the mounting plate for clamping the insulating back plate 11. Bolts are threadedly connected to the clamping plate 33, and the insulating back plate 11 can be fixed to the positioning frame 31 by tightening the bolts. In addition, a rubber pad can be provided on the inner wall of the clamping groove 34 to play a buffering and anti-slip role.

[0034] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The positioning frame 31 is provided with a fixing plate 35, the positioning plate 32 is connected to the fixing plate 35, the top of the fixing plate 35 is provided with a snap-in groove, the snap-in groove is snap-fitted to the top of the positioning frame 31, and a guide post 351 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 35. A through hole 312 is provided at the position of the positioning frame 31 corresponding to the guide post 351, the guide post 351 passes through the through hole 312 and is sleeved with a buffer spring 352, and the end of the guide post 351 is fixedly connected to the limiting disk 353; the positioning frame 31 is fixedly connected to a power motor 354, and a cam 355 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power motor 354. A notch groove 313 is provided at the position of the positioning frame 31 corresponding to the cam 355. The notch groove 313 passes through the positioning frame 31 so that the ridge 445 abuts against the fixing plate 35. After the power motor 354 is energized, the cam 355 is driven to rotate, and the cam 355 pushes the fixed plate 35 to slide back and forth outward, so that the collector shoe 13 can slide horizontally at the bottom of the detection frame 441, which is used to simulate the sliding between the collector shoe 13 and the third rail when the subway turns, thereby being able to detect the pressure value that the collector shoe 13 is subjected to when the subway turns.

[0035] Combine Figure 4 and Figure 6The top of the fixing plate 35 is fixedly connected to the T-shaped sliding block 321 which is slidably connected to the T-shaped sliding groove 356, and the top of the fixing plate 35 is fixedly connected to the T-shaped sliding groove 356. The end of the fixing plate 36 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 35. When the vibration motor 323 is working, it can drive the positioning plate 32 to vibrate vertically. When the surface of the subway track is worn, uneven or peeled off, these uneven subway tracks will cause the train to vibrate during operation. It is used to simulate the collision vibration generated by the subway during the formation process and can test the pressure of the collector shoe 13 under different working conditions of the subway.

[0036] A detection rod 37 is fixedly connected to the support plate 36. The detection rod 37 is arranged horizontally and extends below the detection frame 441. The detection rod 37 is equipped with an infrared distance sensor 371 and a speed sensor 372. The detection rod 37 slides horizontally along the positioning frame 31. The infrared distance sensor 371 can detect the sliding distance of the collector shoe 13 relative to the detection frame 441 in real time, and the speed sensor 372 can detect the sliding speed of the collector shoe 13 along the detection frame 441.

[0037] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 Specifically, the test mechanism 4 includes a test frame 41, an abutment platform 42 and a pressure sensor. The test frame 41 is arranged on the base plate 2, and the length direction of the test frame 41 is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail 21. The abutment platform 42 is used to simulate the abutment cooperation between the third rail and the collector shoe 13. A plurality of pressure sensors are provided on the abutment platform 42 for detecting the contact pressure between the collector shoe 13 and the abutment platform 42. The pressure sensor can be a strain type pressure sensor, which has the advantages of high precision and good stability. The test frame 41 can also adopt a modular design to facilitate installation and maintenance.

[0038] The test frame 41 is composed of a plurality of detection frames 441 connected together. A slide 442 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the detection frame 441 corresponding to the starting position. A sliding groove 443 is provided on the bottom plate 2. A sliding block 444 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide 442. The sliding block 444 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 443. Bolts are threadedly connected on the slide 442. When installing the current collector 1, the slide 442 can be slid in the direction away from the positioning frame 31 to provide enough space for the collector shoe 13 to move downward to the position of the detection plate, which is convenient for operation. Afterwards, the slide 442 is slid in the direction of the positioning frame 31 so that the abutment platform 42 slides to the top of the collector shoe 13, realizing the abutment and cooperation between the collector shoe 13 and the detection frame 441. This design increases the flexibility and convenience of the test system and facilitates the installation and debugging of the current collector 1.

[0039] The detection frame 441 is divided into a static detection unit 43 and a dynamic detection unit 44. The static detection unit 43 is located at the starting position of the test frame 41, and a static pressure sensor 431 is provided on the abutment platform 42 of the detection frame 441 at the starting position; the dynamic detection unit 44 is located in the middle of the test frame 41. The static detection unit 43 is used to detect the static pressure of the collector shoe 13 when the subway stops running, and the dynamic detection unit 44 is used to detect the dynamic pressure of the collector shoe 13 when the subway is running. Such a setting can collect the pressure of the collector shoe 13 in all directions, making the detection data more comprehensive and accurate. The static detection unit 43 is located at the starting position of the abutment platform 42, and the dynamic detection unit 44 is located in the middle, which is in line with the actual operation process of the subway from starting to uniform speed running, so that the detection data is closer to the actual situation, and the accuracy of the contact pressure assessment of the current collector 1 is improved. Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 The dynamic detection unit 44 corresponds to a plurality of detection frames 441 of identical structure, three of which are shown in the figure. The abutment platforms 42 on each of the three detection frames 441 include multiple side PCB pressure detection plates 441 and a central PCB pressure detection plate 442. The detection frames 441 are provided with side pressure sensors 443 and a central pressure sensor 444. The detection frames 441 of the dynamic detection unit 44 have ridges 445 fixedly connected on both sides. The side PCB pressure detection plates 441 have positioning grooves 446 defined on both sides, into which the ridges 445 are inserted. A groove 447 is defined in the middle of the side PCB pressure detection plates 441, into which the central PCB pressure detection plate 442 is inserted. A positioning ridge 448 is fixedly connected to the detection frame 441, with a protrusion 4481 provided on the positioning ridge 448. The central PCB pressure detection plate 442 has limiting grooves 449 defined at both ends, into which the ridges 445 are inserted.

[0040] After collector shoe 13 passes through the bottom of detection frame 441, side PCB pressure detection plate 441 detects the pressure on both sides of detection frame 441 and feeds back the data via side pressure sensor 443. Center PCB pressure detection plate 442 feeds back the pressure detected in the center of detection frame 441 via center pressure sensor 444. The data from side pressure sensors 443 and center pressure sensors on detection frame 441 are summed and averaged to obtain the pressure value for each detection frame 441. Finally, the pressure values ​​for all detection frames 441 are summed and averaged again. Through multiple measurements and data processing, the pressure data values ​​of detection frame 441 are made more accurate, further improving the accuracy of the test system.

[0041] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: when testing the current collector 1, the insulating back plate 11 of the current collector 1 is first installed in the slot 34 and secured with bolts. The piston rod of the transmission cylinder 14 is extended to cause the collector shoe 13 to abut the bottom of the abutment platform 42. The drive motor 22 drives the positioning frame 31 to slide along the guide rail 21, and the collector shoe 13 then slides along the length of the abutment platform 42. The pressure sensor detects the pressure of the collector shoe 13 during movement, thereby realizing dynamic pressure testing of the collector shoe 13 during subway operation. Compared with traditional static testing, this can more accurately reflect the stress conditions of the current collector 1 during actual operation, improve the accuracy of pressure testing, and reduce the deviation between test data and actual operating requirements.

[0042] Example 3: The contact force testing method for a subway current collector 1 provided in Example 3 of this application, which is applied to the current collector 1 of Example 1 and the contact force testing system for a subway current collector 1 of Example 2, comprises the following steps: S1. Positioning the Current Collector 1: First, install the insulating backplate 11 of the current collector 1 into the slot 34. Bolt the insulating backplate 11 to the mounting plate. Then, secure the insulating backplate 11 to the mounting plate. Extend the piston rod of the transmission cylinder 14, pushing the swing arm 12 downward. Simultaneously, the tension spring 15 stretches, causing the collector shoe 13 to abut the bottom of the abutment 42. The tension of the tension spring 15 ensures that the collector shoe 13 always abuts the bottom of the abutment 42. The tool used in this step is primarily a wrench, used to tighten the bolts. Pay attention to the secure installation and the contact between the collector shoe 13 and the abutment 42.

[0043] S2. Static Pressure Data Test: When the collector shoe 13 abuts the abutment platform 42 in the starting position, the static pressure sensor 431 on the abutment platform 42 collects pressure data between the abutment platform 42 and the collector shoe 13. The pressure sensor begins operating, converting the collected pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmitting it to the data acquisition system.

[0044] S3, dynamic pressure data test: a1, drive the collector shoe 13 to move: the drive motor 22 drives the screw 23 to rotate, the positioning frame 31 slides along the screw 23, and then drives the collector shoe 13 to slide along the abutment 42; a2, pressure value acquisition: after the collector shoe 13 passes through the bottom of the detection frame 441, the side PCB pressure detection plate 441 detects the pressure on both sides of the detection frame 441 and feeds back the data through the side pressure sensor 443, the middle PCB pressure detection plate 442 feeds back the pressure detected in the middle of the detection frame 441 through the middle pressure sensor 444, and the data of the side pressure sensor 443 and the middle pressure sensor on the detection frame 441 are summed and averaged, that is, the pressure value on each detection frame 441, and finally the pressure value on the detection frame 441 of the dynamic data acquisition unit is summed and averaged again. In this process, the speed of the drive motor 22 should be adjusted according to the actual situation to simulate different subway running speeds.

[0045] S3. Simulating Subway Turning Pressure Test: After powering the power motor 354, the cam 355 rotates, pushing the fixed plate 35 outward and sliding back and forth, causing the collector shoe 13 to slide horizontally on the bottom of the test frame 441. Steps S2 and S3 are then repeated to simulate and measure the dynamic and static pressures between the collector shoe 13 and the third rail during a subway turn. The power of the power motor 354 must be selected based on the test requirements to ensure sufficient thrust.

[0046] S4. Simulating Subway Vibration Pressure Test: The vibration motor 323 is activated, driving the positioning plate 32 to vibrate vertically, simulating the impact vibrations generated by the subway during its formation. Steps S2 and S3 are then repeated to simulate and measure the dynamic and static pressures between the collector shoe 13 and the third rail during subway vibration. The vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibration motor 323 can be adjusted by a controller to simulate varying degrees of subway vibration.

[0047] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: by sequentially performing positioning of the current collector 1, static pressure testing, dynamic pressure testing, simulated subway turning pressure testing, and simulated subway vibration pressure testing, the contact pressure data of the current collector 1 under different operating conditions can be comprehensively and accurately obtained. Compared with traditional static testing methods, this method can better reflect the actual stress conditions of the current collector 1 in actual operation, providing a reliable basis for performance evaluation and optimization of the subway current collector 1, and helping to improve the stability and reliability of the subway power supply system.

[0048] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A subway current collector contact force test system, characterized by: The invention comprises a base plate (2), a positioning device (3) for mounting a current collector (1) is provided on the base plate (2), and a testing mechanism (4) for performing a pressure test on a collector shoe (13) of the current collector (1) is provided on the base plate (2); The current collector (1) comprises an insulating back plate (11), a swing arm (12) is hingedly connected to one side of the insulating back plate (11), a collector shoe (13) is provided at the end of the swing arm (12) away from the insulating back plate (11), a transmission cylinder (14) is hingedly connected to the insulating back plate (11), a cylinder body of the transmission cylinder (14) is hingedly connected to the insulating back plate (11), and a piston rod of the transmission cylinder (14) is tilted downward and fixedly connected to the swing arm (12); The positioning device (3) comprises a positioning frame (31), a positioning plate (32) is provided on the positioning frame (31), two clamping plates (33) are fixedly connected to the positioning plate (32) at positions near both sides, a vertically arranged clamping groove (34) is formed between the clamping plate (33) and the mounting plate, the clamping groove (34) is used to clamp the insulating back plate (11), and a bolt for fixing the insulating back plate (11) and the positioning frame (31) is threadedly connected to the clamping plate (33); The base is fixedly connected to a guide rail (21), a positioning frame (31) is slidably connected to the guide rail (21), and a driving component for driving the positioning frame (31) to slide along the guide rail (21) is provided on the guide rail (21); The testing mechanism (4) comprises a testing frame (41) arranged on the base plate (2), wherein the length direction of the testing frame (41) is arranged along the length direction of the guide rail (21), and an abutting platform (42) is arranged on the testing frame (41), and the abutting platform (42) is used to simulate the abutting cooperation between the third rail and the collector shoe (13), and a pressure sensor is arranged on the abutting platform (42), and a plurality of pressure sensors are provided, and the pressure sensors are used to detect the contact pressure between the collector shoe (13) and the abutting platform (42).

2. The subway current collector contact force test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test frame (41) is composed of a plurality of detection frames (441), the bottom of the detection frame (441) corresponding to the starting position is fixedly connected to a slide plate (442), a sliding groove (443) is provided on the bottom plate (2), a sliding block (444) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate (442), the sliding block (444) is slidingly connected in the sliding groove (443), and a bolt is threadedly connected to the slide plate (442).

3. The subway current collector contact force test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection frame (441) is divided into multiple detection unit parts, including a static detection unit (43) and a dynamic detection unit (44); the static detection unit (43) is located at the starting position of the test frame (41), and a static pressure sensor (431) is provided on the abutment platform (42) of the detection frame (441) at the starting position. The dynamic detection unit (44) is located in the middle of the test frame (41). The static detection unit (43) is used to detect the static pressure of the collector shoe (13) when the subway stops running, and detect the dynamic pressure of the collector shoe (13) when the subway is running.

4. The subway current collector contact force test experimental system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dynamic detection unit (44) corresponds to a plurality of detection racks (441) of the same structure; the abutment platform (42) on each detection rack (441) comprises a plurality of side PCB pressure detection plates (441); a middle PCB pressure detection plate (442) is provided in the middle of the side PCB pressure detection plates (441); a side pressure sensor (443) for feeding back data detected by the side PCB pressure detection plates (441) is provided on the detection rack (441); and a middle pressure sensor (444) for feeding back data detected by the middle PCB pressure detection plate (442) is also provided on the detection rack (441).

5. The subway current collector contact force test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection frame (441) of the dynamic detection unit (44) is fixedly connected with ridges (445) on both sides, and positioning grooves (446) are provided on both sides of the side PCB pressure detection plate (441). The ridges (445) are inserted into the positioning grooves (446). A groove (447) is provided in the middle of the side PCB pressure detection plate (441). A middle PCB pressure detection plate (442) is provided in the groove (447). A positioning ridge (448) is fixedly connected in the detection frame (441). A protrusion (4481) is provided on the positioning ridge (448). Limiting grooves (449) are provided at both ends of the middle PCB pressure detection plate (442). The ridges (445) are inserted into the limiting ridges.

6. The subway current collector contact force test experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a driving motor (22), a screw (23) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor (22), and a positioning frame (31) is threadedly connected to the screw (23); a guide groove (211) is provided on the guide rail (21), and a roller (311) is provided on the positioning frame (31), and the roller (311) rolls in the guide groove (211).

7. The subway current collector contact force test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning frame (31) is provided with a fixing plate (35), the positioning plate (32) is connected to the fixing plate (35), and a guide column (351) is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (35); a through hole (312) is provided on the positioning frame (31) at a position corresponding to the guide column (351), the guide column (351) passes through the through hole (312) and is sleeved with a buffer spring (352), and the end of the guide column (351) is fixedly connected to a limiting disk (353); the positioning frame (31) is fixedly connected to a power motor (354), and a cam (355) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power motor (354); a notch groove (313) is provided on the positioning frame (31) at a position corresponding to the cam (355), and the notch groove (313) passes through the positioning frame (31) so that the ridge (445) abuts against the fixing plate (35).

8. The subway current collector contact force test experimental system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed plate (35) is provided with two T-shaped slots (356), which are arranged vertically. The T-shaped slots (356) are slidably connected to the support plate (36) near the bottom. The support plate (36) is fixedly connected with a T-shaped slider (361), which is slidably connected to the T-shaped slot (356). The support plate (36) is bolted fixedly connected to the fixed plate (35). The top of the support plate (36) is fixedly connected with a return spring (362), and one end of the return spring (362) away from the support plate (36) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning plate (32); the positioning plate (32) is fixedly connected with a T-shaped sliding block (321) which is slidably connected to the T-shaped slot (356), the top of the T-shaped sliding block (321) is fixedly connected with a sliding rod (322), and the tops of the two sliding rods (322) are fixedly connected with a vibration motor (323).

9. The subway current collector contact force test system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A detection rod (37) is fixedly connected to the support plate (36). The detection rod (37) is horizontally arranged and extends to the bottom of the detection frame (441). An infrared distance sensor (371) and a speed sensor (372) are arranged on the detection rod (37).

10. A method for testing the contact force of a subway current collector, applied to the subway current collector contact force testing experimental system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: S1. Positioning the current collector (1): first install the insulating back plate (11) of the current collector (1) in the slot (34), fix the insulating back plate (11) to the mounting plate by bolts, and then fix the insulating back plate (11) to the mounting plate. The piston rod of the transmission cylinder (14) extends to push the swing arm (12) to move downward, and at the same time, the tension spring (15) is stretched to make the collector shoe (13) abut against the bottom of the abutment platform (42). The tension of the tension spring (15) makes the collector shoe (13) always abut against the bottom of the abutment platform (42); S2. Static pressure data test: when the collector shoe (13) abuts against the abutment platform (42) at the starting position, the static pressure sensor (431) on the abutment platform (42) collects pressure data between the abutment platform (42) and the collector shoe (13); S3, dynamic pressure data test: a1, driving the collector shoe (13) to move: the driving motor (22) drives the screw (23) to rotate, the positioning frame (31) slides along the screw (23), and then drives the collector shoe (13) to slide along the abutment platform (42); a2, pressure value acquisition: after the collector shoe (13) passes through the bottom of the detection frame (441), the side PCB pressure detection plate (441) detects the pressure on both sides of the detection frame (441) and feeds back the data through the side pressure sensor (443), the middle PCB pressure detection plate (442) feeds back the pressure detected in the middle of the detection frame (441) through the middle pressure sensor (444), the data of the side pressure sensor (443) and the middle pressure sensor on the detection frame (441) are summed and averaged, that is, the pressure value on each detection frame (441), and finally the pressure value on the detection frame (441) of the dynamic data acquisition unit is summed again and averaged; S3, simulated subway turning pressure test: after the power motor (354) is energized, the cam (355) is driven to rotate, and the cam (355) pushes the fixed plate (35) to slide back and forth outward, so that the collector shoe (13) can slide horizontally on the bottom of the detection frame (441), and then repeat the above steps S2 and S3 to simulate the measurement of the dynamic pressure and static pressure between the collector shoe (13) and the third rail when the subway turns; S4, simulate the pressure test when the subway vibrates: the vibration motor (323) is in operation, which can drive the positioning plate (32) to vibrate vertically to simulate the collision vibration generated by the subway during the formation process, and then repeat the above steps S2 and S3 to simulate the measurement of the dynamic pressure and static pressure between the collector shoe (13) and the third rail when the subway vibrates.

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