Bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment
By designing an automated bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment and utilizing the coordinated action of a rotating motor and a torque base, the problem of large errors in manual torque measurement was solved, achieving high-precision detection and efficient sorting of nuclear-grade bolts.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510886432.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, manual torque measurement cannot meet the high torque requirements of nuclear-grade bolts, resulting in a significant increase in error and failure to meet the ±5% error limit.
A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment was designed, which includes a frame, a support plate, a loading mechanism, a tightening mechanism, and a blanking mechanism. Automated detection is achieved through rotary linkage. The coordinated action of the rotary motor and the torque base is used to accurately control the tightening force value. The separate design of the blanking plate is combined with the automatic sorting and recycling of bolts.
It achieves precise control of the bolt tightening force value under ultra-high torque within ±5%, improves the efficiency and reliability of nuclear-grade bolt detection, and meets high-precision detection needs.
Smart Images
Figure CN120740947A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bolt detection, in particular to a bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment. Background Art
[0002] Safety inspection technology for bolts in critical nuclear power plant equipment is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of nuclear facilities. Currently, bolt torque testing faces numerous technical bottlenecks, most notably the difficulty of manual torque measurement in meeting the high torque requirements of nuclear-grade bolts. Nuclear-grade bolts typically need to withstand a preload exceeding 500kN, while traditional manual torque wrenches have a limited measurement range, significantly increasing errors under ultra-high torque conditions. Manual torque tightening, influenced by factors such as operating posture and force application angle, often results in measured torque errors exceeding ±10%, far exceeding the required ±5% limit.
[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the designers have actively carried out research and innovation in order to create a bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment to make it more valuable for industrial use. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment.
[0005] A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment of the present invention includes a frame, the upper end of the frame is a flat mounting plate, the middle part of the mounting plate is provided with a rotatable support plate, the outer edge of the support plate is provided with a groove for limiting the bolt, the outer side of the support plate is sequentially arranged with a loading mechanism, a tightening mechanism and a unloading mechanism, the lower end of the tightening mechanism is provided with a measuring mechanism, the loading mechanism transports the bolts onto the supporting plate, the supporting plate transports the bolts to the position of the tightening mechanism and the measuring mechanism for strength testing of the bolts, and the bolts after testing are discharged by the unloading mechanism.
[0006] A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment provides overall support through the frame. The mounting plate on its top carries a rotatable support disk. The limiting grooves on the edge of the support disk ensure accurate positioning of the bolts. After the loading mechanism delivers the bolts to be inspected to the support disk, it rotates to the tightening mechanism to complete the rotation operation. At the same time, the measuring mechanism below implements strength testing. Finally, the unloading mechanism discharges the bolts that have completed the inspection process, realizing an automated inspection closed loop.
[0007] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding bracket fixedly mounted on the mounting plate, and two groups of vertically upward columns are installed on the upper end of the feeding bracket. Two guide plates are fixed by bolts in the gap between each group of columns, and the gap between the guide plates is used for the bolts to slide. One end of the guide plate is connected to the vibrating feeding plate, and the other end is close to the support plate.
[0008] The feeding mechanism is fixed to the mounting plate through a feeding bracket. The two sets of columns on the top constitute a guide frame. The guide plates installed between the columns form a precise slideway. After the vibrating feed plate feeds the bolts into the gaps between the guide plates in an orderly manner, the bolts are automatically transported along the slideway to the grooves near the support plate, realizing the directional transmission and positioning preparation of the bolts.
[0009] Furthermore, the height of the columns close to the support plate side is lower than that of the other group of columns. There are two openings at the top of each column, and a pressure strip is fixed in the opening by bolts and nuts. The pressure strip is located above the guide plate, and the gap between the pressure strip and the guide plate is used to limit the tail end of the bolt.
[0010] A drop structure is formed by using lower columns on the side close to the support plate. Positioning holes are opened on the top of all columns and the pressure strips are fixed by bolts and nuts. The pressure strips are suspended above the guide plate to form a precise limiting channel. The gap between the pressure strip and the guide plate is used to constrain the position of the tail end of the bolt to ensure that the bolt maintains a stable posture during the transportation process until it enters the inspection station.
[0011] Furthermore, a limit ring is installed on the mounting plate through a vertical rod, and the limit ring is located outside the support plate between the loading mechanism and the unloading mechanism.
[0012] The vertical rod on the mounting plate is fixed with a limiting ring, which is located outside the support plate and forms a transition area between the loading mechanism and the unloading mechanism.
[0013] Furthermore, the tightening mechanism includes a tightening bracket fixed on the mounting plate, and a rotating motor is installed on the top of the tightening bracket facing the side of the supporting disk, the rotating motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the end of the rotating shaft has a groove that cooperates with the tail end of the bolt to be detected, and a torque base is fixed on the mounting plate, and the torque base is connected to the rotating disk through a shaft, and a torque meter connected to the shaft is provided in the torque base, and a connecting shaft is movably installed on the outer ring of the rotating disk through the shaft and a bearing, and the other end of the connecting shaft is movably connected to the lifting seat through the shaft and a bearing, and a lifting cylinder is installed on the lifting seat close to the tightening bracket. The lifting cylinder cooperates with the slide rail installed on the tightening bracket, and a screw sleeve that cooperates with the bolt to be detected is installed in the lifting seat.
[0014] The tightening mechanism fixes the tightening bracket through the mounting plate. A rotating motor is set at the top of the bracket to drive the rotating shaft with a groove to engage with the tail end of the bolt. The torque base drives the lifting seat along the slide rail through the rotating disk linkage connecting shaft. The lifting cylinder and the screw sleeve work together to complete the precise tightening and torque detection of the bolt.
[0015] Furthermore, the unloading mechanism includes a unloading support rod connected to the mounting plate, the upper end of the unloading support rod is connected to the unloading plate cooperating with the support plate, a waste cylinder is installed at one end of the unloading plate, a waste pulling plate is installed at the end of the telescopic rod of the waste cylinder, the lower edge height of the waste pulling plate is lower than the upper edge of the detection bolt and nut, and there is a waste hole below the waste cylinder, and there is a waste guide frame fixed on the mounting plate directly below the waste hole.
[0016] The unloading mechanism connects the unloading support rod to support the unloading plate through the mounting plate. The waste cylinder at the end of the unloading plate drives the waste pulling plate to move horizontally, and uses the height difference to push the unqualified bolts off the support plate. The waste falls into the waste guide frame through the waste hole to realize directional recovery.
[0017] Furthermore, the blanking plate has a qualified product blanking hole on the side away from the waste hole, and a guide rod is fixed to one side of the qualified product blanking hole by bolts. The front end of the guide rod extends to the top of the support plate, and a qualified product guide frame is fixed on the mounting plate directly below the qualified product blanking hole.
[0018] The blanking plate is provided with qualified product blanking holes and waste material holes which are arranged separately. The guide rod fixed on its side extends to the top of the support plate to guide the displacement of qualified bolts. The qualified bolts fall through the qualified product blanking holes into the qualified product guide rack below for classified collection.
[0019] Furthermore, a driving motor is fixed on the mounting plate, and the driving motor is connected to the angular reducer through a belt pulley, and the output shaft of the angular reducer is fixedly connected to the support disk.
[0020] The driving mechanism is driven by a driving motor fixed on the mounting plate, which drives the angular reducer through a belt drive. After deceleration and torque increase, the output shaft directly drives the support disc to realize rotational motion, forming a complete power transmission chain.
[0021] By means of the above solution, the present invention has at least the following advantages: 1. The whole process of automatic inspection is realized through the rotation linkage of the support plate to the loading mechanism, tightening mechanism and unloading mechanism; 2. Accurately control the coordinated action of the rotating motor and the torque base in the tightening mechanism to ensure that the error of the bolt tightening force under ultra-high torque is strictly controlled within ±5%, completely solving the problem of excessive error in manual tightening; 3. The waste hole and qualified product discharge hole of the separate design of the blanking plate are used at the same time, and the height difference structure of the guide rod and the waste pull plate is combined to achieve automatic and accurate sorting and directional recovery of bolts after inspection, greatly improving the efficiency and reliability of nuclear-grade bolt batch inspection.
[0022] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate a certain embodiment of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.
[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the tightening mechanism and the measuring mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram from another perspective; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the blanking mechanism of the present invention.
[0025] In the figure, 1, frame, 2, mounting plate, 3, support plate, 4, loading bracket, 5, column, 6, guide plate, 7, pressure bar, 8, pole, 9, limiting ring, 10, tightening bracket, 11, rotating motor, 12, rotating shaft, 13, torque base, 14, rotating disk, 15, connecting shaft, 16, lifting seat, 17, lifting cylinder, 18, slide rail, 19, screw sleeve, 20, unloading support rod, 21, unloading plate, 22, waste cylinder, 23, waste pulling plate, 24, waste hole, 25, waste guide frame, 26, qualified product unloading hole, 27, guide rod, 28, qualified product guide frame, 29, driving motor, 30, angular reducer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0027] See also Figure 1When the bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment is working, the feeding mechanism transports the bolts to be inspected into the limiting groove of the support plate 3. The support plate 3 rotates to send the bolts to the tightening mechanism station in turn. The tightening mechanism applies precise torque and collects torque data in real time through the lower end measuring mechanism to complete the strength test. The bolts after inspection continue to rotate with the support plate 3 to the unloading mechanism. According to the test results, the sorting structure realizes the automatic separation and discharge of qualified products and waste products. The rotating support plate 3 and the modular station layout are used to realize the full automation of the inspection process. The limiting groove is used to ensure the bolt positioning accuracy. The linkage design of the tightening mechanism and the measuring mechanism effectively solves the problem of manual tightening error. The whole device significantly improves the inspection efficiency while ensuring the ultra-high torque detection accuracy of nuclear-grade bolts above 500kN, and fully meets the error standard requirement of ±5%.
[0028] See also Figure 2 The feeding mechanism is firmly mounted on the mounting plate 2 through the feeding bracket 4. Its two groups of vertical columns 5 constitute a rigid frame. The guide plates 6 fixed by bolts between the columns form a precise slideway. After the vibrating feeding tray feeds the bolts into the gaps between the guide plates in an orderly manner, the bolts are automatically transported along the slideway to the grooves near the support plate 3 and are driven by the support plate 3 to be moved to the inspection station. The modular column 5 and the adjustable guide plate 6 combination structure are adopted, which can not only adapt to the transportation requirements of bolts of different specifications, but also ensure the guiding accuracy through rigid connection, and realize efficient and orderly feeding with the vibrating feeding tray. The whole mechanism has both structural stability and transportation reliability, effectively ensuring the continuity and positioning accuracy of the bolt detection process.
[0029] The feeding mechanism forms a stepped drop structure by using a lower column 5 close to the side of the support plate 3. Positioning holes are opened on the top of all the columns 5 and the pressure strips 7 are fixed by bolts and nuts, so that the pressure strips 7 are accurately suspended above the guide plate 6 to form a limiting channel. The precise gap between the pressure strips 7 and the guide plate 6 is used to constrain the tail end of the bolt. The differentiated column height design is adopted to achieve a natural transition in the bolt conveying process. The adjustable pressure strip 7 limiting structure ensures the stable conveying of bolts of different specifications. The whole device effectively prevents the bolts from deflecting or getting stuck during the conveying process through mechanical limiting, which significantly improves the feeding positioning accuracy and system reliability.
[0030] Furthermore, a limit ring 9 is installed on the mounting plate 2 through the vertical rod 8, and the limit ring 9 is located outside the support plate 3 between the loading mechanism and the unloading mechanism.
[0031] See also Figure 3A vertical pole 8 is set vertically on the mounting plate 2 to support the limit ring 9, so that the limit ring 9 is precisely surrounded by the outside of the support plate 3 and is located between the loading and unloading stations. The annular rigid limit structure supported by the vertical pole 8 effectively constrains the bolt displacement during the rotation of the support plate 3. At the same time, the transition zone arrangement of the limit ring 9 ensures the seamless connection of the loading and detection process, significantly improving the stability and positioning accuracy of the detection process.
[0032] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The tightening mechanism is firmly installed on the mounting plate 2 through the tightening bracket 10. The rotating motor 11 drives the rotating shaft 12 with a groove to accurately engage the tail end of the bolt to realize the tightening action. The torque base 13 has a built-in torque meter to monitor the tightening torque data in real time. Its rotating disk 14 realizes vertical movement through the connecting shaft 15 and the lifting seat 16. The cooperation between the lifting cylinder 17 and the slide rail 18 ensures the precise alignment of the screw sleeve 19 and the bolt. It adopts a composite structure of motor drive and mechanical linkage. The torque is accurately measured through the torque base 13. The slide guide mechanism of the lifting seat 16 ensures the coaxiality of the tightening process. The whole system has both the stability of the tightening action and the accuracy of the torque detection, and can efficiently complete the automated tightening and torque detection operations of the bolts.
[0033] During testing, the bolt to be tested is first tightened and limited by the groove at the end of the rotating shaft 12, and then the lifting cylinder 17 is started to drive the screw sleeve 19 to contact the end of the bolt. At this time, the rotating motor 11 is started to screw the end of the bolt into the screw sleeve 19. At this time, the lifting cylinder 17 stops working, and the continuous rotation of the rotating motor 11 transfers the rotational force from the rotating disk 14 to the torque meter connected to the shaft in the force base 13, so that the bolt torque test can be carried out. After the test is completed, the rotating motor 11 is reversed to disengage the bolt from the screw sleeve 19 and transport the tested bolt backward.
[0034] See also Figure 5 The unloading mechanism accurately positions the unloading plate 21 on the side of the support plate 3 through the unloading support rod 20. The waste cylinder 22 drives the waste pulling plate 23 to move horizontally at a height lower than the bolt and nut, scraping the unqualified bolts from the support plate 3 into the waste hole 24, and discharging them in a directed manner through the waste guide frame 25. The cylinder-driven waste pulling plate 23 is used to achieve non-destructive scraping. The height difference design ensures that only unqualified parts are removed without interfering with qualified products. The waste guide frame 25 forms a closed waste channel to prevent splashing. The whole mechanism has both the efficiency of rapid sorting and the neatness of waste recycling, realizing automatic sorting and centralized waste processing after bolt inspection.
[0035] The unloading mechanism realizes automatic classification through the dual-channel sorting system set up by the unloading plate 21. The qualified product unloading hole 26 and the guide rod 27 cooperate to guide the qualified bolts to be separated from the support plate 3. The extended design of the guide rod 27 ensures that the bolts slide accurately into the qualified product unloading hole 26, and are collected in a directed manner by the qualified product guide frame 28 below. The coordinated positioning structure of the guide rod 27 and the unloading hole 26 is adopted to realize lossless unloading. The qualified product guide frame 28 forms an inclined slide to ensure orderly transportation of products. The system realizes synchronous and automatic sorting of qualified products and waste materials through physical isolation design, while improving sorting efficiency, avoiding secondary damage caused by human intervention, and meeting the sorting requirements of high-precision inspection production lines.
[0036] See also Figure 4 The drive system fixes the drive motor 29 through the mounting plate 2, and uses a pulley drive to transmit power to the angular reducer 30 to achieve speed conversion. Finally, the reducer output shaft directly drives the support plate 3 to rotate. The belt drive effectively buffers the motor vibration and reduces noise. The angular reducer 30 provides precise speed and torque matching. The overall structure is compact and easy to maintain, which ensures the reliability of the smooth operation of the support plate 3.
[0037] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: When this bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment is working, first the tail end of the guide plate 6 is docked with the vibrating feed plate, and the bolts to be inspected are transported between the guide plates 6 in sequence. The bolts slide from the guide plates 6 to their bottom, squeezing the first bolt into the groove of the outer ring of the support plate 3. At this time, the drive motor 29 is started to drive the support plate 3 to rotate a certain angle at a time, and the bolts are transported forward intermittently. When the bolts are transported to the bottom of the rotating shaft 12, the lifting cylinder 17 is started first to drive the screw sleeve 19 to move upward, and the screw sleeve 19 contacts the bolt. At this time, the lifting cylinder 17 continues to move upward to lift the bolt, so that the tail end of the bolt is docked with the groove below the rotating shaft 12 that matches the tail end of the bolt. At this time, the initial tightening of the bolt is completed. The first step is to fix the screw thread 16, and then the rotating motor 11 is started to drive the rotating shaft 12 to screw the bolt into the screw sleeve 19. At the same time, the lifting cylinder 17 stops working and no longer provides the lifting seat 16 and the screw sleeve 19 with a force to move up and down. The rotating motor 11 continues to rotate, and the bolt continues to extend into the screw sleeve 19, which can drive the rotating disk 14 to rotate through the connecting shaft 15. The rotating disk 14 transmits the torque data of the bolt to the torque meter in the torque base 13. When the test torque data is reached, the bolt structure is intact and it is judged to be a qualified product. When the test torque data is not reached, the bolt structure has been damaged and it is judged to be a defective product. Whether the bolt structure is intact can be judged by manual judgment or a visual inspection system.
[0038] When the product is judged to be defective, the control system PLC records it, and finally the waste cylinder 22 drives the waste pulling plate 23 to remove it from the support plate 3. Figure 1For example, there is a groove between the tightening mechanism and the measuring mechanism on the support plate 3 and the waste cylinder 22. The PLC only needs to record that after the driving motor 29 drives the support plate 3 to rotate twice, the marked defective product falls into the working position of the waste cylinder 22. At this time, it is only necessary to drive the waste cylinder 22 to discharge the defective product from the waste hole 24.
[0039] The qualified bolts rotate along with the support plate 3 and are moved to the position of the guide rod 27. The guide rod 27 drops the bolts from the support plate 3 to complete the material separation.
[0040] Finally, a few points should be explained: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to mechanical or electrical connections, internal communication between two components, or direct connection. "Up," "down," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute positions of the objects being described change, the relative positional relationships may also change. Secondly: The drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention only involve structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention. Other structures may refer to conventional designs. The same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict. Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: The upper end of the frame (1) is a flat mounting plate (2), and a rotatable supporting plate (3) is provided in the middle of the mounting plate (2). A groove for limiting the position of the bolt is provided on the outer edge of the supporting plate (3). A loading mechanism, a tightening mechanism and a unloading mechanism are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the supporting plate (3). A measuring mechanism is provided at the lower end of the tightening mechanism. The loading mechanism transports the bolts to the supporting plate (3), and the supporting plate (3) transports the bolts to the positions of the tightening mechanism and the measuring mechanism for strength testing of the bolts. After the testing is completed, the bolts are discharged by the unloading mechanism.
2. A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism includes a feeding bracket (4) fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (2), and two groups of vertically upward columns (5) are mounted on the upper end of the feeding bracket (4). Two guide plates (6) are fixed in the gap between each group of columns (5) by bolts, and the gap between the guide plates (6) is used for the bolts to slide. One end of the guide plate (6) is connected to the vibrating feeding plate, and the other end is close to the support plate (3).
3. A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the column (5) on one side close to the support plate (3) is lower than that of the other group of columns (5). The top of each column (5) has two openings, and a pressure strip (7) is fixed in the opening by bolts and nuts. The pressure strip (7) is located above the guide plate (6), and the gap between the pressure strip (7) and the guide plate (6) is used to limit the tail end of the bolt.
4. A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A limiting ring (9) is installed on the mounting plate (2) via a vertical rod (8), and the limiting ring (9) is located outside the support plate (3) between the loading mechanism and the unloading mechanism.
5. The bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tightening mechanism includes a tightening bracket (10) fixed on the mounting plate (2), a rotating motor (11) is installed on the top of the tightening bracket (10) facing the side of the supporting disk (3), the rotating motor (11) drives the rotating shaft (12) to rotate, the end of the rotating shaft (12) has a groove that matches the tail end of the bolt to be detected, a torque base (13) is fixed on the mounting plate (2), the torque base (13) is connected to the rotating disk (14) through a shaft, a torque meter connected to the shaft is arranged in the torque base (13), a connecting shaft (15) is movably installed on the outer ring of the rotating disk (14) through a shaft and a bearing, the other end of the connecting shaft (15) is movably connected to the lifting seat (16) through a shaft and a bearing, a lifting cylinder (17) is installed on the side of the lifting seat (16) close to the tightening bracket (10), the lifting cylinder (17) matches with the slide rail (18) installed on the tightening bracket (10), and a screw sleeve (19) that matches the bolt to be detected is installed in the lifting seat (16).
6. A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The blanking mechanism includes a blanking support rod (20) connected to the mounting plate (2), the upper end of the blanking support rod (20) is connected to a blanking plate (21) matched with the support plate (3), one end of the blanking plate (21) is installed with a waste cylinder (22), the end of the telescopic rod of the waste cylinder (22) is installed with a waste pulling plate (23), the lower edge height of the waste pulling plate (23) is lower than the upper edge of the detection bolt nut, the lower side of the waste cylinder (22) is a waste hole (24), and the waste guide frame (25) fixed on the mounting plate (2) is directly below the waste hole (24).
7. A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The blanking plate (21) has a qualified product blanking hole (26) on a side away from the waste hole (24), and a guide rod (27) is fixed to one side of the qualified product blanking hole (26) by bolts. The front end of the guide rod (27) extends above the support plate (3), and a qualified product guide frame (28) fixed on the mounting plate (2) is provided just below the qualified product blanking hole (26).
8. A bolt detection device for nuclear power equipment according to any one of claims 1, 5 or 7, characterized in that: A drive motor (29) is fixed on the mounting plate (2), and the drive motor (29) is connected to the angular reducer (30) by means of a belt pulley, and the output shaft of the angular reducer (30) is fixedly connected to the support disc (3).