A Real-Time Bandwidth Analysis Method for SDH / PDH Payloads Based on Time Synchronization

Abstract

This invention proposes a time-synchronized real-time bandwidth analysis method for SDH / PDH payloads, relating to the field of transmission network technology. The method includes: acquiring network status information of each network working node in the optical transmission network; preprocessing the original data frame set to obtain the average payload corresponding to each data frame, and calculating a dynamic estimate of the payload based on the average payload and historical average payloads; obtaining the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes and the corresponding network transmission resource parameters according to preset constraints and the dynamic payload estimate; obtaining a comprehensive evaluation index for the current data frame based on the network transmission resource parameters and the payload bandwidth performance function, and adjusting the traffic allocation path of the optical transmission network according to the comprehensive evaluation index. This invention helps to achieve dynamic adaptive adjustment of network traffic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transmission network technology, and in particular to a method for real-time bandwidth analysis of SDH / PDH payloads based on time synchronization. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of internet technology and the rapid growth of network traffic, network operators are continuously increasing the deployment density of servers and storage devices. Data center network nodes and links are growing exponentially, and data centers have gradually become the convergence point of network traffic. The continuous increase in data traffic in data centers, and the different types of traffic with varying link requirements and service quality demands, have placed higher demands on data center networks. However, most existing routing algorithms do not comprehensively consider the real-time status of links and various traffic characteristics, resulting in some links being overloaded while others remain idle, causing network load imbalance.

[0003] Chinese patent CN114124827B discloses a load balancing method for optical networks based on spatiotemporal-frequency variation coefficient evaluation. This method involves acquiring real-time network load information and current service information; classifying the service information to obtain service categories; searching for K shortest paths based on the service categories and network load information; integrating these K shortest paths across time, space, and frequency dimensions and calculating their variation coefficients to obtain a load balancing adjustment strategy; and allocating the current service to the corresponding link channel according to the load balancing adjustment strategy to complete service delivery. However, this scheme relies on fixed path search and calculation strategies, lacking flexibility and struggling to cope with rapid changes in network environment and service demands. Furthermore, it is prone to computational bottlenecks in large-scale or sudden scenarios, leading to a decline in load balancing effectiveness. Therefore, it is essential to provide a time-synchronized real-time bandwidth analysis method for SDH / PDH payloads to improve the load balancing effect of optical transmission networks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a real-time bandwidth analysis method for SDHPDH payload based on time synchronization. By acquiring the status information of each node in the optical transmission network in real time, fine-grained network status awareness is achieved. At the same time, the payload bandwidth performance function is used to comprehensively evaluate the current data frame. This evaluation index can quantify the network transmission performance and be directly used for traffic path decision-making, realizing dynamic adaptive adjustment of network traffic.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for real-time bandwidth analysis of SDH / PDH payloads based on time synchronization, the method comprising:

[0007] Obtain network status information of each network working node in the optical transmission network, wherein the network status information includes a set of original data frames;

[0008] The original data frame set is preprocessed to obtain the average payload corresponding to each data frame in the data frame set, and the dynamic estimate of the payload is calculated based on the average payload and the historical average payload.

[0009] Based on preset constraints and dynamic estimates of the payload, obtain the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes and the network transmission resource parameters corresponding to the network transmission resource allocation strategy.

[0010] Based on the network transmission resource parameters and the load bandwidth performance function, a comprehensive evaluation index for the current data frame is obtained, and the traffic allocation path of the optical transmission network is adjusted according to the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the preprocessing of the data frame set to obtain the average effective payload corresponding to each data frame in the data frame set specifically includes:

[0012] Outlier removal is performed on the data frame set to obtain a transition data frame set. The data frames from different network working nodes in the transition data frame set are timestamped based on the synchronization clock to obtain the payload data corresponding to each data frame in the transition data frame set.

[0013] Based on the sampling period of the optical transmission network, the continuous data frames in the transition data frame set are divided into a unified time window. The payload data corresponding to the current data frame is weighted and fused with the historical payload data in the previous time window to obtain the average payload corresponding to each data frame.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the step of obtaining the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes according to preset constraints and dynamic estimates of the payload specifically includes:

[0015] Based on the bandwidth utilization constraint in the preset constraint and the dynamic estimate of the effective load, determine whether the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to the maximum allowable bandwidth utilization.

[0016] If the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is greater than the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization, the current optical link is determined to be in a fault state. The network state information closest to the current optical link is selected to regenerate a virtual optical link, and all traffic of the current optical link is allocated to the virtual optical link. The bandwidth utilization of the virtual optical link is less than or equal to the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization.

[0017] Preferably, the step of obtaining the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes based on preset constraints and dynamic payload estimates further includes:

[0018] If the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to the maximum allowable bandwidth utilization, then based on the current optical link protection capacity and link protection recovery constraints, it is determined whether the current optical link protection capacity is greater than or equal to the link fault recovery performance parameter.

[0019] If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the link fault recovery performance parameter, then any one network working node in the current optical link is taken as the initial node, and another node is taken as the target node. Based on the initial node, any network working node adjacent to the current optical link is selected as the transition node to reconstruct multiple virtual optical links. The traffic ratio between the multiple virtual optical links and the current optical link is redistributed at a preset ratio value.

[0020] Preferably, the step of obtaining the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes based on preset constraints and dynamic payload estimates further includes:

[0021] If the current optical link protection capacity is greater than or equal to the link fault recovery performance parameter, then based on the current optical link protection capacity and wavelength channel protection constraints, determine whether the current optical link protection capacity is greater than or equal to the wavelength channel load parameter.

[0022] If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the wavelength channel load parameter, multiple wavelength channels are added to the current optical link, and the traffic ratio of all wavelength channels on the current optical link is redistributed.

[0023] Preferably, the expressions for the bandwidth utilization constraint, the link protection recovery constraint, and the wavelength channel protection constraint are as follows:

[0024] ;

[0025] ;

[0026] ;

[0027] in, D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day n Estimated payload of each network worker node N Represents the set of network work segments. C total This indicates the protection capacity of all optical links. β Indicates the synchronization correction coefficient. i max Indicates the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization. l r Indicates the first r Protection capacity of the optical link, c This represents the protection capacity adjustment factor based on time synchronization quality. t Indicates the time synchronization factor. or n Indicates the first n Candidate optical path selection index for each network working node. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows This represents the candidate link mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first n Each network working node l Indicates the first l One wavelength channel, m l Indicates the protection and restoration coefficient. Indicates network status s The following can be used l A collection of optical links with multiple wavelength channels. This represents the wavelength channel mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first l One wavelength channel, J ( t ) indicates in t Time jitter index at any given moment. Indicates the first n Each network worker node is in network status. s The set of candidate optical routes.

[0028] Preferably, adjusting the traffic allocation path of the optical transmission network according to the comprehensive evaluation index specifically includes:

[0029] Resource bottleneck events on each optical link in the optical transmission network are identified based on comprehensive evaluation indicators.

[0030] The network status information corresponding to the resource bottleneck event and the historical network status information are used to recalculate the optimal path using a dynamic routing algorithm, and the traffic allocation path is scheduled in real time.

[0031] Preferably, the expression for the load bandwidth performance function is:

[0032] The expression for the load bandwidth performance function is:

[0033] ;

[0034] in, maxY ( t This indicates that the optical link network operates under different constraints. t The load bandwidth performance function at time t. K This represents the set of all data frames that need to be transmitted in the optical link network. TD ( W k ) indicates the first k The transmission cost corresponding to frame bandwidth allocation W k Indicates the first k Frame bandwidth allocation, H k Indicates the first k Frame sampling period, t Indicates the time synchronization factor. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows Z This represents the preset traffic scaling factor in the optical link network. ( t ) indicates in t Time of day r The link is in the 1st n Real-time traffic on each network worker node Indicates the first n Each network worker node is in network status. s The following is a set of candidate optical routes. D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day n Estimated payload of each network worker node.

[0035] Furthermore, the network transmission resource parameters include one or more of the following: bandwidth utilization, link fault recovery performance parameters, and wavelength channel load parameters.

[0036] Furthermore, the optical transmission network includes one or more of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Plexis Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH).

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0038] 1. By acquiring the status information of each node in the optical transmission network in real time, fine-grained network status awareness can be achieved. Furthermore, by collecting various raw data frame information, multi-dimensional parameters of network transmission performance can be monitored. By comparing the average effective load of the current data frame with historical data, a dynamic load estimation model can be constructed. This model not only reflects the current network load but also captures load change trends, enabling rapid response to sudden traffic spikes or temporary network anomalies. This allows for timely and dynamic adjustment of resource allocation strategies, avoiding resource waste or bottlenecks. Simultaneously, through preset constraints and dynamic load estimates, targeted resource allocation strategies can be formulated to maximize resource utilization. By comprehensively considering bandwidth utilization, link fault recovery capability, and wavelength channel load parameters, this strategy can simultaneously address network performance, reliability, and redundancy design. Using a load-bandwidth performance function to comprehensively evaluate the current data frame enables dynamic adaptive adjustment of network traffic, significantly reducing device link redundancy and thus improving the load balancing effect of the optical transmission network.

[0039] 2. When bandwidth utilization is within the allowable range, the system accurately assesses link protection capabilities by judging the protection capacity and link fault recovery performance parameters of the current optical links. This helps to prioritize the fault recovery performance of critical links when resources are sufficient, ensuring the overall safe and stable operation of the network. When insufficient protection capacity is detected, a nearby working node is selected as a transition node to reconstruct multiple virtual optical links and dynamically redistribute traffic to achieve balanced adjustment of link load. At the same time, traffic transmission between links is finely controlled with a preset ratio value, thereby effectively preventing link failures and service interruptions caused by single-point failures. The reconstruction of multiple virtual optical links provides multi-path disaster recovery capabilities for link fault recovery, so that even if a local link failure occurs, traffic can still continue to be transmitted through other paths, improving the overall reliability and service continuity of the network. It also enables flexible scheduling of physical link resources, which not only improves link disaster recovery capabilities but also prioritizes resource allocation when necessary, maximizing the overall network resource utilization and transmission performance. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a real-time bandwidth analysis method for SDH / PDH payloads based on time synchronization provided by this invention;

[0041] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the time link switching structure provided by the present invention in the case of a network working node failure. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] A method for real-time bandwidth analysis of SDH / PDH payloads based on time synchronization, the method comprising:

[0044] Obtain network status information of each network working node in the optical transmission network, wherein the network status information includes a set of original data frames;

[0045] The original data frame set is preprocessed to obtain the average payload corresponding to each data frame in the data frame set, and the dynamic estimate of the payload is calculated based on the average payload and the historical average payload.

[0046] Based on preset constraints and dynamic estimates of the payload, obtain the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes and the network transmission resource parameters corresponding to the network transmission resource allocation strategy.

[0047] Based on the network transmission resource parameters and the load bandwidth performance function, a comprehensive evaluation index for the current data frame is obtained, and the traffic allocation path of the optical transmission network is adjusted according to the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0048] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the preprocessing of the data frame set to obtain the average effective payload corresponding to each data frame in the data frame set specifically includes:

[0049] Outlier removal is performed on the data frame set to obtain a transition data frame set. The data frames from different network working nodes in the transition data frame set are timestamped based on the synchronization clock to obtain the payload data corresponding to each data frame in the transition data frame set.

[0050] Based on the sampling period of the optical transmission network, the continuous data frames in the transition data frame set are divided into a unified time window. The payload data corresponding to the current data frame is weighted and fused with the historical payload data in the previous time window to obtain the average payload corresponding to each data frame.

[0051] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the step of obtaining the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes according to preset constraints and dynamic estimates of the payload specifically includes:

[0052] Based on the bandwidth utilization constraint in the preset constraint and the dynamic estimate of the effective load, determine whether the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to the maximum allowable bandwidth utilization.

[0053] If the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is greater than the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization, the current optical link is determined to be in a fault state. The network state information closest to the current optical link is selected to regenerate a virtual optical link, and all traffic of the current optical link is allocated to the virtual optical link. The bandwidth utilization of the virtual optical link is less than or equal to the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization.

[0054] Preferably, the step of obtaining the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes based on preset constraints and dynamic payload estimates further includes:

[0055] If the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to the maximum allowable bandwidth utilization, then based on the current optical link protection capacity and link protection recovery constraints, it is determined whether the current optical link protection capacity is greater than or equal to the link fault recovery performance parameter.

[0056] If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the link fault recovery performance parameter, then any one network working node in the current optical link is taken as the initial node, and another node is taken as the target node. Based on the initial node, any network working node adjacent to the current optical link is selected as the transition node to reconstruct multiple virtual optical links. The traffic ratio between the multiple virtual optical links and the current optical link is redistributed at a preset ratio value.

[0057] Preferably, the step of obtaining the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes based on preset constraints and dynamic payload estimates further includes:

[0058] If the current optical link protection capacity is greater than or equal to the link fault recovery performance parameter, then based on the current optical link protection capacity and wavelength channel protection constraints, determine whether the current optical link protection capacity is greater than or equal to the wavelength channel load parameter.

[0059] If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the wavelength channel load parameter, multiple wavelength channels are added to the current optical link, and the traffic ratio of all wavelength channels on the current optical link is redistributed.

[0060] Preferably, the expressions for the bandwidth utilization constraint, the link protection recovery constraint, and the wavelength channel protection constraint are as follows:

[0061] ;

[0062] ;

[0063] ;

[0064] in, D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day n Estimated payload of each network worker node N Represents the set of network work segments. C total This indicates the protection capacity of all optical links. β Indicates the synchronization correction coefficient. i max Indicates the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization. l r Indicates the first r Protection capacity of the optical link, c This represents the protection capacity adjustment factor based on time synchronization quality. t Indicates the time synchronization factor. or n Indicates the first n Candidate optical path selection index for each network working node. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows This represents the candidate link mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first n Each network working node l Indicates the first l One wavelength channel, m l Indicates the protection and restoration coefficient. Indicates network status s The following can be used l A collection of optical links with multiple wavelength channels. This represents the wavelength channel mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first l One wavelength channel, J ( t ) indicates in t Time jitter index at any given moment. Indicates the first n Each network worker node is in network status. s The set of candidate optical routes.

[0065] Preferably, adjusting the traffic allocation path of the optical transmission network according to the comprehensive evaluation index specifically includes:

[0066] Resource bottleneck events on each optical link in the optical transmission network are identified based on comprehensive evaluation indicators.

[0067] The network status information corresponding to the resource bottleneck event and the historical network status information are used to recalculate the optimal path using a dynamic routing algorithm, and the traffic allocation path is scheduled in real time.

[0068] Preferably, the expression for the load bandwidth performance function is:

[0069] The expression for the load bandwidth performance function is:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, maxY ( t This indicates that the optical link network operates under different constraints. t The load bandwidth performance function at time t. K This represents the set of all data frames that need to be transmitted in the optical link network. TD ( W k ) indicates the first k The transmission cost corresponding to frame bandwidth allocation W k Indicates the first k Frame bandwidth allocation, H k Indicates the first k Frame sampling period, t Indicates the time synchronization factor. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows Z This represents the preset traffic scaling factor in the optical link network. ( t ) indicates in t Time of day r The link is in the 1st n Real-time traffic on each network worker node Indicates the first n Each network worker node is in network status. s The following is a set of candidate optical routes. D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day nEstimated payload of each network worker node.

[0072] Furthermore, the network transmission resource parameters include one or more of the following: bandwidth utilization, link fault recovery performance parameters, and wavelength channel load parameters.

[0073] Furthermore, the optical transmission network includes one or more of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Plexis Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH).

[0074] Example 2:

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses a real-time bandwidth analysis method for SDH / PDH payloads based on time synchronization. The steps of this method are as follows:

[0076] Step S1: Obtain the network status information of each network working node in the optical transmission network. The network status information includes the original data frame set. The optical transmission network includes one or more of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Plexis Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH).

[0077] In this embodiment, monitoring modules can be installed on key optical nodes, such as transport nodes or cross-connect nodes, within the optical transmission network to ensure the capture of transmission behavior throughout the entire link. Detection equipment can include OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) and optical power meters to detect basic indicators such as optical signal strength and attenuation. Furthermore, a dedicated high-speed data acquisition card or embedded processor is used to capture SDH / PDH frame data in real time after photoelectric conversion, and a high-precision atomic clock or GPS clock is introduced to ensure the internal clock accuracy of the nodes, thus meeting network time synchronization requirements.

[0078] Each monitoring module captures the optical signals passing through the node in real time and converts them into digital signals via a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The captured data undergoes pre-segmentation to extract the start identifier, header information, and payload portion of the SDH / PDH frame. The internal logic circuitry of the device parses and reconstructs the data frame according to the SDH / PDH frame structure. The data frame contains specific payload information, error detection codes, frame sequence numbers, timestamps, and other key information.

[0079] Furthermore, satellite positioning such as GPS or high-precision atomic clocks provide a unified time reference for the entire network. Clock synchronization within the optical transmission network typically employs the IEEE 1588 Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol (PTP) or other dedicated synchronization protocols to ensure that the time error of each node remains within acceptable limits. Each network node periodically receives synchronization signals from the central time server or master clock node, automatically corrects locally generated clock deviations according to preset thresholds, and records the timestamp of each adjustment, feeding it back to the data acquisition system for subsequent data alignment processing. The centralized management terminal or network monitoring center integrates data frames from each network node to construct a unified set of raw data frames.

[0080] Step S2: Preprocess the original data frame set to obtain the average payload corresponding to each data frame in the data frame set, and calculate the dynamic estimate of the payload based on the average payload and the historical average payload.

[0081] This step also includes steps S21 to S22.

[0082] Step S21: Remove outliers from the data frame set to obtain a transition data frame set, and align the timestamps of the data frames from different network working nodes in the transition data frame set based on the synchronization clock to obtain the payload data corresponding to each data frame in the transition data frame set.

[0083] In this step, the mean, median, variance, or standard deviation are calculated for key fields in the data frame set, such as payload length, bit error rate, and timestamp offset. A normal fluctuation range is defined as the mean ± k times the standard deviation, or the interquartile range is used, and an appropriate k value is selected to filter data that significantly deviates from the average. Hard upper / lower limits are set based on device characteristics and historical data; for example, if the payload is below a certain lower limit or exceeds the maximum load capacity, it is directly judged as abnormal. For each frame, check for abnormal indicators such as checksum errors or discontinuous frame sequence numbers; if present, it is marked as abnormal data. The data is divided into blocks, and a sliding window, such as 5-10 frames, can be used to perform mean filtering on local data. It is determined whether the current frame data differs excessively from the mean of its window; if it exceeds the set tolerance, it is judged as an outlier and removed. Multiple key indicators, such as payload, error detection code, and timestamp consistency, are combined for joint judgment to reduce the risk of misjudgment based on a single indicator.

[0084] Furthermore, a unified absolute time reference is provided to each node via GPS or a high-precision atomic clock. Each node receives synchronization signals from the central time server using IEEE 1588PTP or a similar protocol to adjust local clock errors. Each network node periodically compares its local timestamp with the central synchronization clock, recording and correcting deviations caused by equipment drift or network latency. The corrected deviation information is appended to the data frame for use during data alignment. Within each buffer window, all data frames are sorted by their corrected timestamps to ensure the continuity of the time series. Data frames from different nodes, after timestamp alignment, are integrated into a unified, time-series-complete set of transitional data frames. Time interval detection is performed on continuous data frames, and interpolation or frame skipping corrections are used as necessary to further ensure global data continuity and error-free performance.

[0085] According to the SDH / PDH frame protocol standard, the start identifier, header field, and payload field in the frame are identified, and each field is extracted sequentially, with a focus on parsing the payload. From the parsed frame structure, the payload field containing the actual business data is extracted. The extracted payload data is formatted, such as converting it into a readable binary or integer array. Error detection codes provided in the frame, such as CRC checksums, are used to verify the completeness of each frame's content. If redundant or duplicate information is found in multiple frames, deduplication is performed by comparing frame sequence numbers and timestamps to ensure the uniqueness and accuracy of the payload data. The payload data of each frame is fused or compared with historical data over a period of time to calculate local averages or dynamic change indicators. The extracted payload data is stored in a real-time analysis module or database for further bandwidth estimation and network resource scheduling.

[0086] Step S22: Divide the continuous data frames in the transition data frame set into a unified time window according to the sampling period of the optical transmission network, and use the payload data corresponding to the current data frame and the historical payload data in the previous time window to perform weighted fusion to obtain the average payload corresponding to each data frame.

[0087] In this step, a fixed sampling period is set according to the design requirements of the optical transmission network. T This period determines the basic time unit for data frame partitioning. For the transitional data frame set, each data frame has a timestamp after synchronization alignment. Starting with the timestamp of the first data frame, the timeline is divided into multiple equal time windows, each with a length of [missing information]. T For all data frames within the current time window, the instantaneous payload statistics within that window can be calculated first. Combined with the historical average from the previous window, the above formula is used to fuse historical data and current sampled data, reducing errors caused by instantaneous fluctuations.

[0088] In one example, the dynamic estimation constraint for the payload is expressed as:

[0089] ;

[0090] in, D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day n Estimated payload of each network worker node α Indicates the weight of flow measurement values. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows Z This represents the preset traffic scaling factor in the optical link network. ( t ) indicates in t Time of day r The link is in the 1st n Real-time traffic on each network worker node Indicates the first n Each network worker node is in network status. S The following is a set of candidate optical routes. Represents past time windows T The average effective payload value within.

[0091] Step S3: Based on preset constraints and dynamic payload estimates, obtain the network transmission resource allocation strategy for the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes and the corresponding network transmission resource parameters. The network transmission resource parameters include one or more of the following: bandwidth utilization, link fault recovery performance parameters, and wavelength channel load parameters.

[0092] This step also includes steps S31 to S36.

[0093] Step S31: Based on the bandwidth utilization constraint and the dynamic estimate of the effective load in the preset constraint conditions, determine whether the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to the maximum allowable bandwidth utilization.

[0094] In this step, the expression for the bandwidth utilization constraint is:

[0095] ;

[0096] in, D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of dayn Estimated payload of each network worker node N Represents the set of network work segments. C total This indicates the protection capacity of all optical links. β Indicates the synchronization correction coefficient. i max Indicates the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization. t This represents the time synchronization factor. The bandwidth utilization constraint is expressed as the ratio of the sum of the dynamic estimates of the payload of each sub-channel or data frame on the current optical link to the total bandwidth available for data transmission on the current optical link. β This is a synchronization correction coefficient for time synchronization relative to the upper limit of bandwidth utilization, typically ranging from 0.3 to 0.5. i max The preset maximum allowable bandwidth utilization is generally set in the range of 0.8 to 0.95.

[0097] Step S32: If the bandwidth utilization of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is greater than the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization, then the current optical link is determined to be in a fault state. The network state information closest to the current optical link is selected to regenerate the virtual optical link, and all traffic of the current optical link is allocated to the virtual optical link. The bandwidth utilization of the virtual optical link is less than or equal to the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization.

[0098] In this step, based on the bandwidth utilization exceeding the limit result obtained in S31, it is determined that the current optical link is in a faulty or limited state and cannot continue to carry all traffic. The status information of each working node and its adjacent links in the current network is collected in real time from the network monitoring platform. The data includes, but is not limited to, key parameters such as current link load, historical traffic, signal-to-noise ratio, latency, physical distance, and link stability. Among the collected information, links adjacent to the working nodes at both ends of the currently faulty link are compared, prioritizing links with closer physical locations, as shorter distances usually mean lower latency and better signal quality. Furthermore, referencing past link operation data, links with smaller fluctuations and lower failure rates over a long period are selected. Using nearest neighbor algorithms or comprehensive scoring systems, such as assigning different weights to physical distance, bandwidth utilization, and signal-to-noise ratio, scores are assigned to determine the most suitable candidate links or multiple link states as the "nearest" network status information, providing a basis for constructing virtual links.

[0099] Furthermore, based on the real-time status information of the candidate links, the basic parameters of the virtual links are determined, and the maximum bandwidth of the virtual links is set to ensure that it is sufficient to carry all traffic on the failed links while being controlled within the preset maximum bandwidth utilization range. Considering the latency of the candidate links, the virtual links are ensured to meet the requirements for time synchronization and data transmission. Based on the selected candidate links, they are logically integrated into one or more virtual links. The node sequence and transmission path of the virtual links are determined using network topology algorithms. Typically, virtual links can be implemented by splicing adjacent links or merging parallel channels. At the physical layer, virtual links achieve logical path reconstruction through tunneling technology and traversal protocols such as MPLS, GMPLS, or SDN segmentation, ensuring seamless data transmission on the new links.

[0100] When implementing traffic redistribution, dynamic routing and load balancing algorithms are used to load traffic from the failed link into virtual links according to preset strategies such as proportional allocation or priority scheduling. Buffering mechanisms and real-time monitoring ensure that data is not lost or experiences abnormal latency during the transfer. After traffic transfer, the real-time bandwidth utilization and other performance indicators of the virtual links are continuously monitored. If the bandwidth utilization of the new link is still close to or exceeds the upper limit, the system may need to further adjust the traffic redistribution ratio or find other links as backups in the alternative network state.

[0101] In one example, such as Figure 2 As shown, assume two adjacent network nodes A and B communicate via an optical link. The total capacity of this optical link is 100Gbps. After dynamic payload estimation and weighted fusion processing, the total accumulated payload data on this link at the current moment reaches 95Gbps, thus the calculated bandwidth utilization is approximately 95%.

[0102] Maximum allowable bandwidth utilization in the system's preset parameters i max =90%; Time synchronization factor t =85%; Synchronization correction coefficient β =0.4.

[0103] The maximum allowable bandwidth utilization is calculated using the formula: UpperBound = bt +(1–β) i max =0.88. Since the current link utilization rate is 95% > 88%, the system determines that the optical link between A and B is in a fault or overload state, and needs to trigger step S32 to perform protection recovery.

[0104] First, information on all adjacent links is collected from the overall network status monitoring platform. Assume there are other candidate links near A and B, such as a link between A and C with a total capacity of 100 Gbps, a current payload of approximately 60 Gbps (60% utilization), and a relatively short physical distance. There is also a link between C and B with a total capacity of 100 Gbps, a current payload of 65 Gbps (65% utilization), and normal operation. By comparing geographical location, link status (load, latency, signal-to-noise ratio, and historical stability), links A–C and C–B are identified as candidate backup paths. After evaluation using the nearest neighbor algorithm or a comprehensive scoring method, node C is selected as the intermediate node, forming a new virtual optical link scheme: a virtual link is formed by concatenating the A→C and C→B links, whose overall status and load balancing meet the preset requirements.

[0105] Based on the selected candidate links, both A-C and C-B have a total capacity of 100 Gbps, with current utilization rates of 60% and 65% respectively, both far below the preset upper limit. When constructing the virtual link, the system sets the virtual link capacity to 100 Gbps, prioritizing the higher link capacity, and integrates the physical parameters of the two links to ensure a logically "continuous" transmission channel. During the virtual link establishment process, encapsulation and path planning can be controlled using tunneling technologies such as MPLS, GMPLS, or SDN to ensure seamless data transmission from A to B via C. After adjusting the virtual link parameters, it is expected that the bandwidth utilization of this link, when carrying traffic, can be stabilized between, for example, 80-85%, far below the 88% threshold.

[0106] Upon detecting that the original AB link utilization is 95%, the system immediately initiates the traffic migration module. Based on the traffic scheduling algorithm, the system redistributes 95 Gbps of traffic from the original AB link to the newly generated virtual link A→C→B according to a certain proportion. After scheduling, the overall traffic may be divided into two parts: the main traffic, for example, 85 Gbps, is migrated to the virtual link A→C→B; depending on the network's remaining bandwidth and real-time monitoring, the system may temporarily retain some traffic on other backup links or wait for further load reduction. During implementation, the system monitors the real-time bandwidth utilization of the virtual links to ensure that after adjustment, the virtual link utilization drops to, for example, 85%, below the 88% upper limit. If monitoring detects that the new link utilization rises to a critical value, a secondary adjustment is triggered or candidate links are added for load sharing to ensure overall network stability.

[0107] In this example, the original optical link A–B was deemed faulty because its utilization rate reached 95%, exceeding the allowable 88%. The system selected candidate links A–C and C–B, which were in good condition and physically close, from the network to construct a virtual optical link. Through dynamic scheduling, the original 95 Gbps of traffic was migrated to the new link. After scheduling and adjustment, the bandwidth utilization rate of the new link stabilized at around 85%, thus meeting the maximum allowable bandwidth utilization requirement and ensuring the continuity of data transmission and overall network security.

[0108] Step S33: If the bandwidth utilization rate of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to the maximum allowable bandwidth utilization rate, then based on the current optical link protection capacity and link protection recovery constraints, determine whether the current optical link protection capacity is greater than or equal to the link fault recovery performance parameter.

[0109] In this step, the expression for the link protection restoration constraint is:

[0110] ;

[0111] ;

[0112] ;

[0113] ;

[0114] in, l r Indicates the first r Protection capacity of the optical link, c This represents the protection capacity adjustment factor based on time synchronization quality. t Indicates the time synchronization factor. or n Indicates the first n Candidate optical path selection index for each network working node. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows This represents the candidate link mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first n Network working nodes, Ω ( n , r , s , t ) represents the time-varying mapping weight function, used to determine the first... r Is the link the first one? n Suitable candidate links for each network worker node in network state sS This represents a set of network states, including normal and various fault states. S 0 indicates normal operating state, Ω0 ( n , r , s ) represents the basic mapping weights. d Δ represents the delay attenuation coefficient. t r,n Indicates the first n The network worker node at the ... r Propagation delay in an optical link, F s Indicates network status s The set of nodes or links that have failed. p n Represents node pairs n The corresponding combination of source and destination endpoints, L Indicates the first n Other relevant nodes besides the network working nodes, i.e., transition nodes.

[0115] Step S34: If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the link fault recovery performance parameter, then any one network working node in the current optical link is taken as the initial node, another node is taken as the target node, and any network working node adjacent to the current optical link is selected as the transition node according to the initial node to reconstruct multiple virtual optical links, and the traffic ratio between the multiple virtual optical links and the current optical link is redistributed according to a preset ratio value.

[0116] In this step, the two network working nodes currently connected by the optical link constitute a candidate set. Generally, these two nodes are considered equivalent, so one can be randomly selected or determined as the "initial node" or "source node," and the other as the "target node," based on specific strategies such as traffic demand, node importance, and load conditions. Each node may have preset candidate optical path selection criteria. or n Based on these indicators, the node that is more conducive to building a virtual link can be selected as the initial node; the node with lower expected traffic load or more sensitive to fault recovery can be selected as the initial node so as to flexibly adjust the subsequent link construction scheme; if there is a partition or hierarchical structure in the network, the node that is more closely related to the fault recovery path and connects more virtual link candidate nodes may be selected as the initial node.

[0117] One or more transition nodes are added between the initial node and the target node to construct a more redundant and flexible transmission path through multiple virtual links. Transition nodes should be selected from network working nodes that are physically or logically "proximate" to the initial node. That is, the node must be a direct neighbor of the initial node or within an acceptable transmission distance and latency range. Considering the link transmission quality between the transition node and the initial node, such as transmission delay and bit error rate, select a link with better performance. The transition node should have sufficient capacity to establish subsequent links with the target node, and its interface resources and network status should be suitable for constructing a high-quality virtual link. The location of the transition node in the overall network should help mitigate risk; that is, if only a direct link is used, it may be affected by regional failures, and selecting a node with a suitable location can form a multi-path backup. The basic idea is to segment the original link and construct at least two virtual links: a virtual link from the initial node to the transition node, and a virtual link from the transition node to the target node. Each virtual link needs to meet basic performance requirements individually, including parameters such as bandwidth, latency, and jitter. More than one virtual link alternative can be constructed, and recovery reliability and load balancing capabilities can be further improved through parallel links or redundant backups.

[0118] In one example, one of the two network working nodes currently existing at both ends of the optical link is randomly selected as the initial node, i.e., node A, and the other is selected as the target node, i.e. node B. Typically, node stability, device health, or current traffic load can be considered when making the selection, but in this step, the node can be selected arbitrarily according to a preset strategy.

[0119] Based on the initial node A, select a node C from all working nodes near the current optical link that is physically close to A and in good condition as the "transition node". The selection process can be based on network status information provided by the monitoring platform, such as current link capacity, historical fluctuations, signal-to-noise ratio, and other key parameters, to ensure that the transition node is capable of handling additional traffic and has good transmission quality.

[0120] Multiple virtual optical links are reconstructed using the initial node A, transition node C, and target node B. Two links are constructed: one from A to C, and the other from C to B. These two links are then combined into a single complete virtual optical link. In addition to the basic path described above, multiple nodes can be selected from the candidate transition nodes, such as simultaneously selecting nodes C and D, to form multiple different virtual links according to a preset ratio. This parallel load balancing improves fault tolerance. After determining the virtual optical links, all traffic on the current optical link needs to be redistributed to the virtual optical links according to a preset ratio to reduce the risk of a single optical link. Based on network planning, empirical data, or real-time monitoring results, a redistribution ratio is set to 60% continue through the current link and 40% be diverted to the virtual links. A more granular ratio can also be used to adaptively distribute traffic across the virtual links. Through a traffic scheduling module and dynamic routing algorithms, all or part of the traffic from the initial node to the target node is forwarded through the newly constructed virtual optical links. During this process, lossless data transmission and latency spikes must be ensured during the handover. If necessary, buffering, lateral monitoring, and other techniques can be used to achieve a smooth migration. After traffic redistribution, monitor the bandwidth utilization of each virtual optical link and the remaining physical optical links to ensure that all links meet the specified maximum bandwidth utilization requirements. If the utilization of virtual links is found to be gradually increasing, the allocation ratio can be further fine-tuned, or other candidate links can be added for parallel load balancing.

[0121] Furthermore, assuming the current protection capacity of the A–B optical link is lower than the performance parameters, and the protection capacity is insufficient to meet fault recovery requirements, the system operates as follows:

[0122] Designate A as the initial node and B as the target node; identify well-functioning nodes C or D near A as transition nodes; construct a virtual link A→C→B or multiple virtual links: A→C→B and A→D→B. During construction, set the bandwidth of each link to 100 Gbps, and control the real-time utilization of the current virtual link to, for example, below 70%; according to a preset allocation ratio, for example, 60% for the primary link and 40% for the virtual link, offload approximately 32 Gbps of the total traffic on the current A–B link (assuming 80 Gbps) to the A→C→B virtual link, thereby reducing the load on the current physical link; after the traffic switching is complete, monitor the status of all links to ensure that each link operates within the expected range, and adjust the traffic ratio between the virtual and physical links in real time according to future traffic changes.

[0123] Step S35: If the protection capacity of the current optical link is greater than or equal to the link fault recovery performance parameter, then determine whether the protection capacity of the current optical link is greater than or equal to the wavelength channel load parameter based on the protection capacity of the current optical link and the wavelength channel protection constraint condition.

[0124] In this step, the expression for the wavelength channel protection constraint is:

[0125] ;

[0126] ;

[0127] ;

[0128] in, l r Indicates the first r Protection capacity of the optical link, t Indicates the time synchronization factor. or n Indicates the first n Candidate optical path selection index for each network working node. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows l Indicates the first l One wavelength channel, m b Indicates the protection and restoration coefficient. Indicates network status s The following can be used l A collection of optical links with multiple wavelength channels. This represents the wavelength channel mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first l One wavelength channel, J ( t ) indicates in t Time jitter index at any given moment. Q This represents a sigmoid function based on time synchronization quality, where parameters a and b control the steepness and displacement of the sigmoid function based on time synchronization quality, respectively.

[0129] Step S36: If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the wavelength channel load parameter, then multiple wavelength channels are extended in the current optical link, and the traffic ratio of all wavelength channels on the current optical link is redistributed.

[0130] In this step, based on the current wavelength channel mapping decision variables and the measured protection capacity status, the transmission capacity of the current single wavelength channel is compared with the target load index to determine the number of additional wavelength channels needed. This process can refer to the preset protection recovery coefficient. m b and time jitter index J ( t This ensures network status.s The expanded wavelength channel set can meet overall traffic and protection requirements. Using optical amplifiers, wavelength division multiplexers (WDM), and other equipment, the spectrum resources in the original optical link are divided to achieve parallel transmission of multiple wavelength channels. The wavelength channel mapping decision variables are updated synchronously to map the new wavelength channels onto the current optical link, ensuring that the network management system can identify and schedule these newly expanded wavelength channels in real time.

[0131] After adding multiple wavelength channels, a traffic reallocation process is required to ensure even traffic distribution across channels and maintain overall network stability and efficiency. This involves statistically analyzing all data traffic currently transmitted on the optical link to obtain the total traffic to be allocated, while also considering the actual usage of each wavelength channel. Based on the actual transmission capacity and protection capacity of each wavelength channel before and after the expansion, a preset traffic allocation ratio is designed. For example, previously, with only one wavelength channel, all traffic might have been carried by that channel; after expansion, the overall traffic is allocated to each wavelength channel according to a certain ratio, ensuring that the traffic utilization rate of each channel is below the overall protection capacity limit. This ratio can be based on the bandwidth capacity of each channel (Kbps or Gbps) or the current wavelength channel protection index. d r,w And the mapping status of candidate links.

[0132] In one example, suppose the total capacity of the physical optical link from node A to node B is 120 Gbps, and currently only one wavelength channel is enabled on the link, carrying 95 Gbps of traffic.

[0133] The constraint is that the protection capacity of a single wavelength channel is 60 Gbps, and the current physical optical link load is lower than the safe load required to distribute the current traffic of 95 Gbps. The wavelength channel protection constraint requires that the traffic of a single channel should be kept within a certain safe threshold. Assuming this threshold is 50% of the rated channel capacity, the safe load limit corresponding to 60 Gbps is 60 Gbps × 0.8 = 48 Gbps, with an 80% load safety margin. In this scenario, a single wavelength channel cannot guarantee safe transmission, therefore additional wavelength channels are needed.

[0134] Currently, a single channel carries 95 Gbps, far exceeding the single-channel safety threshold of 48 Gbps, so more wavelength channels need to be added to distribute the traffic. Using optical amplifiers and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, two additional wavelength channels are added to the same physical optical link, resulting in a total of three wavelength channels available for parallel transmission. The network management system updates the wavelength channel mapping decision variables, marking all three channels as usable for carrying traffic between A and B, and monitors their transmission quality metrics in real time.

[0135] The current transmission load of the entire optical link is 95 Gbps. To reduce the load on each channel, the system is designed with a new traffic allocation ratio to evenly distribute the 95 Gbps traffic across the three wavelength channels. To ensure the load safety of each channel, the system can adopt a proportional allocation, i.e., each channel receives approximately 95 / 3 ≈ 31.7 Gbps; alternatively, a preset ratio can be used based on the physical parameters of each channel, such as slightly different transmission quality or latency. For example, the first channel could receive 40% of the traffic (38 Gbps), the second channel 30% (28.5 Gbps), and the third channel 30% (28.5 Gbps). Both schemes meet the requirement that each channel's load is below the 48 Gbps safety threshold and distribute the originally overloaded 95 Gbps traffic as evenly as possible.

[0136] The network scheduling module re-switches all traffic to the three wavelength channels according to a preset ratio, ensuring smooth data migration during the switchover process without packet loss or severe latency. Simultaneously, it monitors the actual bandwidth utilization and protection capacity status of each channel in real time. If monitoring shows that the utilization of a certain channel is approaching its safe limit, the system can activate a dynamic adjustment algorithm to further fine-tune the allocation ratio. For example, it can appropriately reduce the traffic allocation ratio of channels with higher loads and correspondingly increase the traffic ratio of other channels until all channels are stable within the safe operating range.

[0137] In this embodiment, the expressions for the bandwidth utilization constraint, the link protection recovery constraint, and the wavelength channel protection constraint are as follows:

[0138] ;

[0139] ;

[0140] ;

[0141] in, D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day n Estimated payload of each network worker node N Represents the set of network work segments. C total This indicates the protection capacity of all optical links. β Indicates the synchronization correction coefficient. i max Indicates the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization. l r Indicates the first r Protection capacity of the optical link, cThis represents the protection capacity adjustment factor based on time synchronization quality. t Indicates the time synchronization factor. or n Indicates the first n Candidate optical path selection index for each network working node. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows This represents the candidate link mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first n Each network working node l Indicates the first l One wavelength channel, m b Indicates the protection and restoration coefficient. Indicates network status s The following can be used l A collection of optical links with multiple wavelength channels. This represents the wavelength channel mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first l One wavelength channel, J ( t ) indicates in t The time jitter index at any given moment.

[0142] In some examples, when the optical communication link is in a normal state, the network working nodes require the optical link to meet the following conditions:

[0143] ;

[0144] Where, Δ T n Indicates the first n Time synchronization deviation value of each network work segment e This indicates the maximum permissible percentage of synchronization error. T frame This indicates the frame period of SDH / PDH, for example, 125μs for SDH. N This represents the set of network work nodes.

[0145] The capacity granularity constraint of SDH / PDH is expressed as:

[0146] ;

[0147] in, This represents the preliminary calculated effective load. Cvc ⌈⌉ represents the size of the smallest virtual container unit, and ⌈⌉ represents the floor function.

[0148] ;

[0149] in, ( t ) indicates in t Time of day r The link is in the 1st n Real-time traffic on each network worker node, Δ t Indicates the bandwidth measurement period. V max This indicates the preset maximum bandwidth change rate.

[0150] Furthermore, when the optical link bandwidth utilization between any two adjacent network working nodes exceeds the maximum allowable value, the system can immediately identify that the optical link is in a fault state. By selecting the network state data closest to the currently faulty link, a virtual optical link is automatically generated, and all traffic on the original link is quickly switched to the virtual link, ensuring that the traffic allocation of the virtual link is within the allowable bandwidth, thereby ensuring uninterrupted network transmission. When the normal bandwidth utilization of the link is less than or equal to the maximum allowable value, the scheme continues to determine the protection capacity of the current link to ensure that the link fault recovery performance requirements are met. If the protection capacity is insufficient, multiple virtual optical links are reconstructed through the collaborative approach of the initial node, target node, and transition node, and traffic is finely allocated through a preset ratio, thereby achieving dynamic load balancing and improved disaster recovery capabilities. When the link protection capacity meets the fault recovery requirements, the system further determines the matching between the protection capacity of the current link and the wavelength channel load parameters based on wavelength channel protection constraints. If the protection capacity is insufficient to support the existing wavelength channel load, the system expands multiple wavelength channels on the current link and redistributes all traffic, thereby improving the overall transmission reliability and service quality of the optical link. By analyzing bandwidth utilization, protection capacity, and wavelength channel load parameters in real time, the system can automatically select the most suitable scheduling strategy under different network conditions to achieve optimal allocation of global resources. This automatic adjustment mechanism based on preset constraints and dynamic estimates ensures efficient and stable service transmission even during sudden traffic surges or local link failures, greatly improving the overall network's intelligence and anti-interference capabilities.

[0151] Step S4: Obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of the current data frame based on the network transmission resource parameters and the load bandwidth performance function, and adjust the traffic allocation path of the optical transmission network according to the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0152] This step also includes steps S41 to S42.

[0153] Step S41: Identify resource bottleneck events on each optical link in the optical transmission network based on comprehensive evaluation indicators.

[0154] In this step, raw data frame sets are obtained from each network working node. After decoding, key indicators such as bandwidth utilization, latency, jitter, bit error rate, signal-to-noise ratio, and protection capacity utilization for each link are extracted. The raw data frames are preprocessed to calculate the average payload of each frame, and historical data is used to dynamically estimate the payload of the current data frame. A set of preset weights is set, and the individual indicators such as bandwidth utilization, latency, bit error rate, and protection capacity utilization are normalized and then combined into an evaluation score. For example, the comprehensive evaluation score can be calculated using the following formula: Comprehensive Evaluation Score = w 1×bandwidth utilization+ w 2×delay+ w 3×bit error rate+ w 4 × protection capacity utilization rate + ...

[0155] A safety range or threshold can also be preset. When the comprehensive indicator exceeds or falls below this threshold, it indicates an anomaly or potential bottleneck in the link. For example, if bandwidth utilization is higher than 90%, latency increases, bit error rate surges, and protection capacity utilization is also at a high level, it may indicate a link bottleneck. Historical data is used as a comparative reference to determine whether the current comprehensive evaluation indicator is a short-term fluctuation or a long-term, continuous exceedance of the safety range. Abnormal states within multiple consecutive sampling periods will be identified as resource bottleneck events.

[0156] Furthermore, if the overall evaluation indicators of a certain optical link exceed a set threshold—for example, due to the combined effects of multiple factors such as bandwidth constraints, abnormal latency, and abnormal bit error rate—then a resource bottleneck event is determined to have occurred on that link. The identified bottleneck event will be recorded, and subsequent steps will be prompted for targeted optimization to ensure the overall transmission quality and fault tolerance of the network.

[0157] Below are some common resource bottleneck events:

[0158] High bandwidth utilization bottleneck event: A certain optical link A–B normally maintains a bandwidth utilization rate of around 70%. However, due to sudden traffic spikes or a surge in certain services, the link's utilization rate suddenly reaches 95%. The overall performance indicator shows that after the bandwidth utilization exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 90%), coupled with increased latency and bit error rate, the overall evaluation score rises significantly. This link is in a state of prolonged overload, which not only affects transmission quality but may also lead to insufficient protection capacity, thus constituting a resource bottleneck event.

[0159] Latency and jitter anomalies are bottleneck events: In some links, due to network congestion or equipment scheduling issues, latency and jitter may suddenly increase. The overall performance indicators show that latency and jitter data exceed preset allowable ranges, such as latency exceeding a certain millisecond standard or excessive jitter fluctuations, which are captured as outliers by the overall evaluation metrics. High latency and unstable latency can lead to packet aggregation and frequent retransmissions, which may severely impact the real-time transmission of critical applications, thus constituting a resource bottleneck event.

[0160] Insufficient Protection Capacity Utilization Bottleneck Event: A link has a large physical capacity, but its protection capacity utilization rate remains at or above the design threshold for an extended period, for example, reaching or exceeding 0%. Comprehensive indicators show that when real-time monitoring indicates protection capacity utilization is approaching its limit while actual link traffic continues to increase, a risk signal of insufficient protection resources will appear. Once a failure occurs, backup resources cannot meet recovery needs, leading to a decrease in link recovery capability, thus being identified as a resource bottleneck event.

[0161] Wavelength channel load imbalance bottleneck: In multi-wavelength channel links, some wavelength channels experience significantly higher loads than others due to scheduling strategies or environmental parameters. This manifests as individual wavelength channels having utilization rates far exceeding the overall average and surpassing safe load thresholds, accompanied by abnormal fluctuations in bit error rate and latency. This leads to deterioration in the fault recovery performance of the entire link, creating hotspot bottleneck areas, and in severe cases, triggering emergency measures such as dynamic routing and traffic scheduling.

[0162] Step S42: The network status information corresponding to the resource bottleneck event and the historical network status information are used to recalculate the optimal path using a dynamic routing algorithm, and the traffic allocation path is scheduled in real time.

[0163] In this step, link status information currently experiencing resource bottlenecks is extracted from step S41, including real-time bandwidth utilization, latency, bit error rate, and protection capacity utilization. Combined with historical network status data such as historical traffic fluctuations, fault recovery status, and link stability data, the causes and persistence of the current bottlenecks are analyzed to help determine the changing trends of actual load and transmission quality. Based on real-time indicators and historical statistical data, dynamic weights are assigned to each link. For example, links with bandwidth utilization exceeding safety thresholds, or abnormal latency and bit error rates, are assigned higher weights, making them more "costly" in path calculation and thus prioritized for avoidance by the dynamic routing algorithm. Conversely, stable links with sufficient backups can be assigned lower weights to encourage traffic routing to these links.

[0164] Typical dynamic routing algorithms, such as those based on Dijkstra's algorithm and A*, incorporate real-time measured metrics into the weight matrix to recalculate paths across the entire optical transmission network, generating one or more optimal paths from the source node to the destination node. In suitable scenarios, the system can generate multiple alternative paths, utilizing load balancing or redundant routing techniques to improve the overall network's fault tolerance. After the new routes are determined, the network scheduling module will gradually migrate traffic that previously passed through bottleneck links to the newly calculated optimal paths according to a pre-defined traffic switching strategy.

[0165] In this embodiment, the expression for the load bandwidth performance function is:

[0166] ;

[0167] in, maxY ( t This indicates that the optical link network operates under different constraints. t The load bandwidth performance function at time t. K This represents the set of all data frames that need to be transmitted in the optical link network. TD ( W k ) indicates the first k The transmission cost corresponding to frame bandwidth allocation W k Indicates the first k Frame bandwidth allocation, H k Indicates the first k Frame sampling period, t Indicates the time synchronization factor. d r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions oh The transmission quality is as follows Z This represents the preset traffic scaling factor in the optical link network. ( t ) indicates in t Time of day r The link is in the 1st n Real-time traffic on each network worker node Indicates the first n Each network worker node is in network status. s The following is a set of candidate optical routes. D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day n Estimated payload of each network worker node.

Claims

1. A time synchronization based SDH / PDH payload real-time bandwidth analysis method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining network state information of each network working node in an optical transport network, wherein the network state information comprises a set of original data frames; preprocessing the set of original data frames to obtain an average payload corresponding to each data frame in the set of data frames, and calculating a payload dynamic estimation value based on the average payload and a historical average payload; obtaining a network transmission resource allocation strategy of an optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes and a network transmission resource parameter corresponding to the network transmission resource allocation strategy according to a preset constraint condition and the payload dynamic estimation value; obtaining a comprehensive evaluation index of a current data frame according to the network transmission resource parameter and a payload bandwidth performance function, and adjusting a traffic allocation path of the optical transport network according to the comprehensive evaluation index; an expression of the payload bandwidth performance function is: ； wherein, maxY t denotes the load bandwidth performance function of the optical link network at time t under different constraint conditions, K denotes the set of all data frames that need to be transmitted in the optical link network, TD W k denotes the transmission generation value corresponding to the bandwidth allocation of the k frame, W k denotes the bandwidth allocation of the k frame, H k denotes the sampling period of the k frame, τ denotes the time synchronization factor, δ r,w denotes the transmission quality of the r link under specific environmental conditions ω , Z denotes the preset traffic scaling factor in the optical link network, t denotes the real-time traffic of the t link on the r network working node at time n , denotes the candidate optical route end set of the n network working node under the network state s , D n t denotes the payload estimation value of the t network working node at time n .​​​​ 2. The method for analyzing real-time bandwidth of SDH / PDH payload based on time synchronization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing of the set of data frames to obtain an average payload corresponding to each data frame in the set of data frames specifically comprises: performing outlier rejection on the set of data frames to obtain a set of transition data frames, and performing timestamp alignment on data frames from different network working nodes in the set of transition data frames based on a synchronization clock to obtain payload data corresponding to each data frame in the set of transition data frames; dividing consecutive data frames in the set of transition data frames into uniform time windows according to a sampling period of the optical transport network, and performing weighted fusion on payload data corresponding to a current data frame and historical payload data in a previous time window to obtain an average payload corresponding to each data frame.

3. The method for analyzing real-time bandwidth of SDH / PDH payload based on time synchronization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The obtaining of the network transmission resource allocation strategy of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes according to the preset constraint condition and the payload dynamic estimation value specifically comprises: judging whether a bandwidth utilization rate of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to a maximum allowed bandwidth utilization rate according to the bandwidth utilization rate constraint condition in the preset constraint condition and the payload dynamic estimation value; if the bandwidth utilization rate of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is greater than the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization rate, it is determined that the current optical link is in a fault state, a virtual optical link is regenerated by selecting network state information closest to the current optical link, and all traffic of the current optical link is allocated to the virtual optical link, and the bandwidth utilization rate of the virtual optical link is less than or equal to the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization rate.

4. The method for analyzing real-time bandwidth of SDH / PDH payload based on time synchronization according to claim 3, characterized in that, The obtaining of the network transmission resource allocation strategy of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes according to the preset constraint condition and the payload dynamic estimation value further comprises: if the bandwidth utilization rate of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is less than or equal to the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization rate, it is judged whether a protection capacity of the current optical link is greater than or equal to a link fault recovery performance parameter according to the protection capacity of the current optical link and a link protection recovery constraint condition. If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the link fault recovery performance parameter, any one network working node in the current optical link is taken as an initial node and another node is taken as a target node, and any network working node adjacent to the current optical link is selected as a transition node according to the initial node to reconfigure a plurality of virtual optical links, and the traffic proportion between the plurality of virtual optical links and the current optical link is redistributed at a preset proportion value.

5. A time synchronization based SDH / PDH payload real-time bandwidth analysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The network transmission resource allocation strategy of the optical link between any two adjacent network working nodes is obtained according to the preset constraint condition and the dynamic estimated value of the payload, and the method further comprises the steps of: If the protection capacity of the current optical link is greater than or equal to the link fault recovery performance parameter, whether the protection capacity of the current optical link is greater than or equal to the wavelength channel load parameter is determined according to the protection capacity of the current optical link and the wavelength channel protection constraint condition. If the protection capacity of the current optical link is less than the wavelength channel load parameter, a plurality of wavelength channels are expanded in the current optical link, and the traffic proportion of all wavelength channels on the current optical link is redistributed.

6. A time synchronization based SDH / PDH payload real-time bandwidth analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The expressions of the bandwidth utilization constraint condition, the link protection recovery constraint condition and the wavelength channel protection constraint condition are respectively: ； ； ； in, D n ( t ) indicates in t Time of day n Estimated payload of each network worker node N Represents the set of network work segments. C total This indicates the protection capacity of all optical links. β Indicates the synchronization correction coefficient. θ max Indicates the maximum allowed bandwidth utilization. λ r Indicates the first r Protection capacity of the optical link, γ This represents the protection capacity adjustment factor based on time synchronization quality. τ Indicates the time synchronization factor. η n Indicates the first n Candidate optical path selection index for each network working node. δ r,w Indicates the first r A link under specific environmental conditions ω The transmission quality is as follows This represents the candidate link mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first n Each network working node l Indicates the first l One wavelength channel, μ l Indicates the protection and restoration coefficient. Indicates network status s The following can be used l A collection of optical links with multiple wavelength channels. This represents the wavelength channel mapping decision variable, i.e., in the network state. s Should I choose to place the first one? r The optical link is mapped to the first l One wavelength channel, J ( t ) indicates in t Time jitter index at any given moment. Indicates the first n Each network worker node is in network status. s The set of candidate optical routes.

7. A time synchronization based SDH / PDH payload real-time bandwidth analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traffic allocation path of the optical transmission network is adjusted according to the comprehensive evaluation index, and the method comprises the steps of: The resource bottleneck event on each optical link in the optical transmission network is identified according to the comprehensive evaluation index. The network state information corresponding to the resource bottleneck event and the historical network state information are used to recompute the optimal path by using a dynamic routing algorithm, and the traffic allocation path is real-time scheduled.

8. A time synchronization based SDH / PDH payload real-time bandwidth analysis method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The network transmission resource parameter comprises one or more of bandwidth utilization, link fault recovery performance parameter and wavelength channel load parameter.

9. The method for real-time bandwidth analysis of SDH / PDH payload based on time synchronization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical transmission network comprises one or more of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and pseudo-synchronous digital hierarchy (PDH).

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