Slice battery, laminated battery and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the photovoltaic field, and provides a slice cell, a laminated cell and a photovoltaic module, which can at least improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and improve the yield at the same time. The slice battery comprises a cutting surface, a first surface and a second surface, the two sides of the cutting surface are connected with the first surface and the second surface respectively, a plurality of first edge grid lines are arranged at the end, close to the cutting surface, of the slice battery, and the first edge grid lines are located on the first surface and are arranged at intervals in the first direction. The distance between the adjacent first edge grid lines is a first distance D1; the passivation film at least covers the cutting surface and the first surface of the slice battery, and the distance of the passivation film at least covering the first surface is a second distance D2; the first distance D1 and the second distance D2 meet the condition that D2 is larger than or equal to 2D1 and smaller than 5D1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a sliced ​​cell, a stacked cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual depletion of fossil fuels, solar cells are becoming increasingly popular as a new energy alternative. Solar cells convert sunlight into electricity. They utilize the photovoltaic principle to generate charge carriers, which are then extracted using electrodes, facilitating the efficient use of electrical energy.

[0003] Current solar cells mainly include IBC cells (Interdigitated Back Contact), TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), PERC cells (Passivated emitter and real cell), and heterojunction cells. By using different film layer configurations and functional limitations to reduce optical losses and lower the recombination of photogenerated carriers on the surface and in the silicon substrate, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells is improved.

[0004] During the process of assembling battery cells into battery strings, the whole cell is usually split and then assembled into battery strings. This helps reduce packaging losses, optimizes issues in the module production process, improves module reliability, and helps reduce manufacturing costs. However, this technology also brings some new challenges and problems, such as the probability of cell splitting and efficiency loss on the cut surface, which require further optimization and improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a sliced ​​cell, a stacked cell, and a photovoltaic module, which are at least beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells and increasing the yield.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present application, on one hand, the embodiments of the present application provide a sliced ​​battery, comprising: a cutting surface (11), a first surface, and a second surface, wherein both sides of the cutting surface are connected to the first surface and the second surface respectively, and the sliced ​​battery has a plurality of first edge grid lines (111) at one end close to the cutting surface, wherein the plurality of first edge grid lines (111) are located on the first surface and are arranged at intervals along a first direction, and the spacing between adjacent first edge grid lines (111) is a first spacing D1; a passivation film (120), wherein the passivation film (120) at least covers the cutting surface (11) and the first surface, and the spacing at which the passivation film (120) at least covers the first surface is a second spacing D2; and the first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 satisfy the following: 2D1≤D2<5D1.

[0007] In some embodiments, the distance between the first edge grid line closest to the cutting surface (11) and the cutting surface (11) is a third spacing D3, and the first spacing D1 and the third spacing D3 satisfy: 0.3D1<D3≤0.8D1.

[0008] In some embodiments, the third distance D3 ranges from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first surface further includes a first edge (101); the sliced ​​battery further includes: a plurality of middle grid lines (113) and a second edge grid line (112), the second edge grid line (112) is close to the first edge, and the middle grid line (113) is located between the second edge grid line (112) and the first edge grid line (111); the spacing between adjacent middle grid lines (113) is a fourth spacing D4, and the spacing between adjacent second edge grid lines (112) is a fifth spacing D5; the first spacing D1 and the fourth spacing D4 satisfy: D1<D4<1.5D1; the first spacing D1 and the fifth spacing D5 satisfy: 0.5D1<D5≤5D1.

[0010] In some embodiments, the passivation film (120) further covers the second edge gate line (112), and the second distance D2 and the fifth distance D5 satisfy: D5<D2≤3D5.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first surface further includes a second edge (102), the second edge (102) connecting the first edge (101) and the cutting surface (11), the distance between the end of the first grid line and the second edge (102) is a sixth spacing D6, the fourth spacing D4 and the sixth spacing D6 satisfy: 0.3D4<D6≤0.8D4; the first grid line is at least one of the first edge grid line (111), the second edge grid line (112) and the middle grid line (113).

[0012] In some embodiments, the first edge (101) and the second edge (102) have a chamfer (103); the distance between the end of the second gate line and the chamfer (103) is a seventh spacing D7, the sixth spacing D6 and the fourth spacing D4 satisfy: 0.3D4<D6≤0.8D4; the seventh spacing and the fourth spacing satisfy: 0.4D7<D4≤0.9D7; the second gate line is at least one of the second edge gate line (112) and the middle gate line (113).

[0013] In some embodiments, the distance between the second edge gate line (112) closest to the first edge (101) and the first edge (101) is an eighth spacing D8, and the fourth spacing D4 and the eighth spacing satisfy: 0.3D8<D4≤0.8D8.

[0014] In some embodiments, the sum of the first distance D1 and the fifth distance D5 is greater than or equal to 0.6 times the fourth distance D4 and less than 2 times the fourth distance D4.

[0015] In some embodiments, the sliced ​​battery further includes a first harpoon structure (131), the first harpoon structure is close to the first edge, and the first harpoon structure is in contact with N second edge grid lines (112), 1≤N≤5.

[0016] In some embodiments, the second edge grid line (112) includes a first sub-grid line and a second sub-grid line, the first sub-grid line is close to the first edge, and the first sub-grid line is divided by two harpoons of the first harpoon structure into a first broken grid and a second broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the first sub-grid lines is 1 to 3.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sliced ​​battery further includes a second harpoon structure, the second harpoon structure is close to the cutting surface, and the second harpoon structure is in contact with M first edge grid lines (111), N<M, 3≤M≤10.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first edge grid line (111) includes a third sub-grid line and a fourth sub-grid line, the fourth sub-grid line is close to the cutting surface, and the third sub-grid line is divided by two harpoons of the fourth harpoon structure into a third broken grid and a fourth broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the third sub-grid lines is 1 to 5.

[0019] In some embodiments, the number of the third sub-grid lines is 1 to 3, the fourth sub-grid line is divided by two harpoons of the second harpoon structure into a fifth broken grid and a sixth broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the fourth sub-grid lines is 1 to 5.

[0020] In some embodiments, the passivation film includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is located on the cutting surface, the second portion is located on the first surface, and a thickness of the first portion is greater than a thickness of the second portion.

[0021] In some embodiments, the included angle between the cutting surface and the first surface is one of an obtuse angle and an acute angle; and the included angle between the cutting surface and the second surface is the other of an obtuse angle and an acute angle.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present application, another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a stacked battery, comprising: a bottom battery, which is a sliced ​​battery as in any one of the above embodiments; and a top battery, which is located on the bottom battery.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including: a cell string, which is formed by connecting multiple sliced ​​cells as in any one of the above embodiments or stacked cells as in the above embodiments; a packaging film, which is used to cover the surface of the cell string; and a cover plate, which is used to cover the surface of the packaging film facing away from the cell string.

[0024] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages:

[0025] In the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, a first edge grid line is provided, and multiple first edge grid lines near the cutting surface are arranged at intervals, which can efficiently collect carrier losses caused by mechanical damage near the cutting surface, reduce recombination, and thus improve carrier transmission efficiency; a passivation film is provided, and the first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 satisfy: 2D1≤D2<5D1, that is, the passivation film at least covers the edge passivation film and two or more edge grid lines. The passivation film can serve as a mechanical buffer layer to reduce the risk of microcrack expansion, thereby improving the yield of the battery. The passivation film covers the first edge grid line of the cutting surface, which can avoid the problem of the edge grid line being welded, and the subsequent risks of cracking the edge of the battery cell and breaking the grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] One or more embodiments are exemplified by the figures in the corresponding drawings. These exemplified descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute a scale limitation. In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the traditional technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 A first partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 A second partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 A third partial view of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 A fourth partial view of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 A fifth partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 A sixth partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 A seventh partial view of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a stacked battery provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in yet another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] As can be seen from the background art, the yield rate and photoelectric conversion efficiency of current sliced ​​cells are poor.

[0038] An embodiment of the present application provides a sliced ​​battery, which increases the yield and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the sliced ​​battery by providing a first edge grid line and a passivation film to cover the cutting surface and the first edge grid line, shortening the distance between the first edge grid line and the cutting surface and utilizing the passivation film to improve the passivation effect and reduce the probability of cracking.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0045] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of the present application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are exaggerated for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region or substrate) on another component or on the surface of another component, the component can be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there can be a third component between the two components. On the contrary, when describing a component on the surface of another component or when another component is formed or provided on the surface of a component, it means that there is no third component between the two components. In addition, when describing a component as "approximately" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a partial edge of the entire surface.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, when a component "includes" another component, unless otherwise specified, other components are not excluded, and other components may be further included. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located on" another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may be present therebetween. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located on" another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it means that no other components are located therebetween.

[0047] The terms used herein in the description of the various embodiments are intended only to describe the specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, "part" is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. A component includes a layer, film, region, or plate.

[0048] The following detailed description of the various embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many technical details are provided in the various embodiments of the present application to facilitate a better understanding of the present application. However, even without these technical details and the various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical solutions claimed in the present application can still be implemented.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present application, on the one hand, a sliced ​​battery is provided to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and yield.

[0050] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0051] refer to Figure 1 A sliced ​​battery includes a cutting surface 11, a first surface, and a second surface. The two sides of the cutting surface 11 are respectively connected to the first surface and the second surface. The end of the sliced ​​battery close to the cutting surface 11 has multiple first edge grid lines 111. The multiple first edge grid lines 111 are located on the first surface and arranged at intervals along the first direction. The spacing between adjacent first edge grid lines 111 is a first spacing D1; a passivation film 120, the passivation film 120 at least covers the cutting surface 11 and the first surface, and the spacing between the passivation film 120 and at least the first surface is a second spacing D2; the first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 satisfy: 2D1≤D2<5D1.

[0052] In the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, a first edge grid line 111 is provided, and multiple first edge grid lines 111 near the cutting surface 11 are arranged at intervals, which can efficiently collect carrier losses caused by mechanical damage near the cutting surface, reduce recombination, and thus improve carrier transmission efficiency; a passivation film 120 is provided, and the first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 satisfy: 2D1≤D2<5D1, that is, the passivation film 120 at least covers the edge passivation film and two or more first edge grid lines 111. The passivation film 120 can serve as a mechanical buffer layer to reduce the risk of microcrack expansion, thereby improving the yield of the battery. The passivation film 120 covers the first edge grid lines 111 of the cutting surface 11, which can avoid the problem of the edge grid lines being welded, and the subsequent risks of cell edge cracking and grid breakage.

[0053] The sliced ​​battery provided by the above embodiment and the effects thereof will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] In some embodiments, the whole solar cell can be any one of an IBC cell, a TOPCON cell, a PERC cell, and a heterojunction cell. Correspondingly, the cell obtained by slicing the whole cell is a sliced ​​cell, which can be any one of an IBC cell, a TOPCON cell, a PERC cell, and a heterojunction cell.

[0055] Sliced ​​batteries refer to cells that have been cut into two or more cells using cutting technology. The current of each sliced ​​cell is 1 / n of the original cell, where n is the number of sliced ​​cells formed by cutting the cell. Depending on n, sliced ​​batteries can include any number of sliced ​​batteries, such as two-slice batteries, three-slice batteries, four-slice batteries, and eight-slice batteries. For example Figure 1 Two-section battery shown.

[0056] It should be noted that the number of cutting surfaces included in a sliced ​​battery may vary depending on the cutting position. For example, Figure 1 The sliced ​​cell shown includes one cut facet; the three-sliced ​​cell may include two cut facets; the nine-sliced ​​cell may include partly two cut facets, partly three cut facets, and partly four cut facets.

[0057] The sliced ​​battery can be divided parallel to the grid line extension direction or perpendicular to the grid line extension direction. Figure 1 The segmentation process is performed parallel to the extending direction of the gate lines as an example.

[0058] In some embodiments, the front surface of a solar cell refers to the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, and the back surface refers to the backlight side of the solar cell. The backlight side can also receive incident light, but at a lower efficiency than the light-receiving side. The first surface is either the front surface or the back surface, and the second surface is the other of the front surface and the back surface.

[0059] In some embodiments, the angle between the first surface and the cut surface can be any value, that is, the cut surface and the thickness direction of the entire solar cell can be intersecting or parallel to each other. It is only necessary to ensure that the break between two adjacent sliced ​​cells is sufficient.

[0060] In some embodiments, the angle between the cut surface 11 and the first surface is one of an obtuse angle and an acute angle; the angle between the cut surface 11 and the second surface is the other of the two. Thus, when a whole solar cell is beveled to form a sliced ​​cell, the cross section of the sliced ​​cell can be considered a bevel with respect to the first and second surfaces of the sliced ​​cell. Based on this, compared to dividing the whole solar cell along the thickness direction to form a cross section of the sliced ​​cell, the inclined cross section designed on the sliced ​​cell in one embodiment of the present application has a lower atomic arrangement density and a lower covalent bond surface density. This results in a less secure connection between adjacent atoms on the cross section, which is more conducive to promoting the passivation film 120 on the cross section to form bonds with dangling bonds on the cross section. That is, it makes it easier for the passivation film 120 to saturate dangling bonds on the cross section. Furthermore, the passivation film 120 can also passivate other surface defects on the cross section, which further enhances the passivation film 120's ability to reduce the defect state density of the cross section, thereby further reducing the number of recombination centers on the cross section and reducing the probability of carrier recombination.

[0061] The substrate of the entire solar cell is crystalline silicon, which has a face-centered cubic unit cell structure. Due to the microscopic anisotropy of crystalline silicon, the distribution of atoms on different crystal planes in the crystal is different. Among them, the silicon atom density of the (111) crystal plane in single crystal silicon is the lowest, while the atomic density of the (110) crystal plane is the highest. In the embodiment of the present application, the sliced ​​cell is formed by bevel cutting, that is, more (111) planes are formed on the inclined cross-section designed on the sliced ​​cell, so that the cross-section has fewer dangling bonds, and the passivation film 120 can better passivate the cross-section.

[0062] refer to Figure 5 The angle θ between the cutting surface 11 and the first surface is an acute angle, and the acute angle can be 45° to 80°. If the acute angle is less than 45°, the inclination of the cutting surface 11 relative to the first surface is too large, and the portion of the sliced ​​battery including the cutting surface can be regarded as a tip protruding from the entire sliced ​​battery. The smaller the acute angle, the more protruding the tip, and the more likely it is to cause the tip to break when under pressure, which is not conducive to improving the structural stability of the sliced ​​battery; if the acute angle is greater than 80°, the inclination of the cutting surface 11 relative to the first surface is too small, which is not conducive to reducing the atomic arrangement density on the cutting surface 11, and thus not conducive to improving the passivation effect of the passivation film 120 on the cutting surface. Therefore, designing the acute angle to be 45° to 80° and controlling the inclination of the cutting surface relative to the first surface is beneficial to improving the structural stability of the sliced ​​battery, reducing the probability of damage to the sliced ​​battery, and effectively reducing the atomic arrangement density on the cutting surface, thereby improving the passivation effect of the passivation film 120 on the cutting surface.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first surface further includes a first edge 101 and a second edge 102 , and the second edge 102 connects the first edge 101 and the cutting surface 11 .

[0064] In some embodiments, the first edge 101 and the second edge 102 have chamfers 103. The chamfers 103 are formed by cutting a silicon rod to fully utilize the silicon rod; secondly, they are used to reduce the risk of cracks on the silicon wafer edge causing the silicon wafer or solar cell to break due to external stress.

[0065] The first edge grid line 111 , the second edge grid line 112 and the middle grid line 113 described later are auxiliary grid lines of the cell, and are used to collect current and transmit it to the connecting components.

[0066] The first edge grid lines 111 refer to the part of the grid lines close to the cutting surface 11. The spacing of these grid lines is different from the spacing of the middle grid lines, and they are artificially defined as the first edge grid lines. The subsequent second edge grid lines are similar. The second edge grid lines are close to the first edge, and the spacing of the second edge grid lines is different from the spacing of the middle grid lines, and they are artificially defined as the second edge grid lines.

[0067] It should be noted that there is no standard value for the number of first edge gate lines 111 and second edge gate lines 112 , which ranges from 2 to 10. Those skilled in the art can set the number of first edge gate lines and second edge gate lines according to needs.

[0068] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent first edge lines 111 is a first spacing D1, the distance between the first edge line closest to the cutting surface 11 and the cutting surface 11 is a third spacing D3, and the spacing between the end of the first edge line 111 and the second edge 102 is also a sixth spacing D6.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first spacing D1 and the third spacing D3 satisfy the following relationship: 0.3D1 < D3 ≤ 0.8D1. For example, the third spacing D3 is 0.35D1, 0.4D1, 0.5D1, 0.6D1, 0.7D1, or 0.8D1. The third spacing is smaller than the first spacing, and the first edge gate line 111 is positioned as close to the cut surface 11 as possible, reducing the area uncovered by the edge gate line, increasing the carrier collection area, and thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0070] In some embodiments, the third spacing D3 is equal to the sixth spacing D6. In this way, when the connecting component is welded to the first edge grid line, there is enough area for operation, which reduces the process difficulty. The range of the sixth spacing is larger, and the risk of cracking during welding can also be avoided.

[0071] In some embodiments, the third distance D3 ranges from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. The third distance D3 can range from 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, or 0.8 mm.

[0072] In some embodiments, the sliced ​​battery further includes: a plurality of middle gridlines 113 and second edge gridlines 112 , wherein the second edge gridlines 112 are close to the first edge 101 , and the middle gridlines 113 are located between the second edge gridlines 112 and the first edge gridlines 111 .

[0073] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent second edge gate lines 112 is the fifth spacing D5, the distance between the end of the second edge gate line 112 and the chamfer 103 is the seventh spacing D7, the distance between the second edge gate line 112 closest to the first edge 101 and the first edge 101 is the eighth spacing D8, and the spacing between the end of the second edge gate line 112 and the second edge 102 is also the sixth spacing.

[0074] In some embodiments, the first spacing D1 and the fifth spacing D5 satisfy the following: 0.5D1 < D5 ≤ 5D1. For example, the fifth spacing D5 is 0.55D1, 0.6D1, 1D1, 2D1, 3D1, or 5D1. When the first spacing D1 and the fifth spacing D5 are within the above ranges, the corresponding cutting area can shorten the overall length of the cell and increase the carrier collection area.

[0075] In some embodiments, the fifth distance D5 and the fourth distance D4 satisfy the following relationship: 0.3D4 < D5 ≤ D4. For example, the fifth distance D5 is 0.33D4, 0.4D4, 0.5D4, 0.8D4, 0.9D4, or D4. This prevents cold solder joints between the cell and the second edge gridline, improving the yield of the photovoltaic module.

[0076] In some embodiments, the fifth distance D5 and the eighth distance D8 satisfy the following relationship: 0.3D5 < D8 ≤ 0.8D5. For example, the eighth distance D8 is 0.33D5, 0.4D5, 0.5D5, 0.6D5, 0.7D5, or 0.8D5. This reduces the distance between the second edge gridlines, increasing the carrier collection area of ​​the cell. Furthermore, the passivation film can passivate portions of the second edge gridlines and the cell surface, improving passivation performance.

[0077] In some embodiments, the fifth distance D5 and the sixth distance D6 satisfy: 0.3D6<D5≤1.2D6. For example, the fifth distance D5 is 0.33D6, 0.4D6, 0.6D6, 0.8D6, D6, or 1.2D6.

[0078] In some embodiments, the fifth spacing D5 and the seventh spacing D7 satisfy the following: 0.8D5 < D7 ≤ D5. For example, the seventh spacing D7 is 0.8D5, 0.84D5, 0.88D5, 0.91D5, 0.97D5, or D5. Thus, the seventh spacing D7 is greater than or equal to the fifth spacing D5, and the distance between the gate line and the edge of the cell at the chamfered corner is larger, which can ensure the accuracy of the silicon wafer chamfer processing and avoid damage caused by the chamfered corner.

[0079] In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent middle grid lines 113 is a fourth distance D4, the distance between the end of the middle grid line 113 and the chamfer 103 is a seventh distance D7, and the distance between the end of the middle grid line 113 and the second edge 102 is also a sixth distance.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first spacing D1 and the fourth spacing D4 satisfy the following: D1 < D4 < 1.5D1. For example, the fourth spacing D4 is 1.1D1, 1.2D1, 1.3D1, 1.4D1, or 1.49D1. This allows for a shorter distance between the first edge gridlines near the cell edge, allowing for more current to be collected and preventing solder joint problems.

[0081] In some embodiments, the fourth distance D4 and the sixth distance D6 satisfy: 0.3D4<D6≤0.8D4. For example, the sixth distance D6 is 0.33D4, 0.4D4, 0.5D4, 0.6D4, 0.7D4, or 0.8D4.

[0082] In some embodiments, the fourth distance D4 and the seventh distance D7 satisfy: 0.4D7<D4≤0.9D7. For example, the fourth distance D4 is 0.43D7, 0.46D7, 0.5D7, 0.6D7, 0.7D7, or 0.9D7.

[0083] In some embodiments, the fourth distance D4 and the eighth distance D8 satisfy: 0.3D8<D4≤0.8D8. For example, the fourth distance D4 is 0.33D8, 0.46D8, 0.5D8, 0.6D8, 0.7D8, or 0.8D8.

[0084] In some embodiments, the eighth distance D8 and the sixth distance D6 satisfy: 1D6≤D8≤1.2D6. For example, the eighth distance D8 is D6, 1.03D6, 1.06D6, 1.1D6, 1.16D6, or 1.2D6.

[0085] In some embodiments, the eighth distance D8 and the seventh distance D7 satisfy: 1D8≤D7<2D8. For example, the seventh distance D7 is D8, 1.46D8, 1.5D8, 1.6D8, 1.8D8, or 1.9D8.

[0086] In some embodiments, the seventh distance D7 and the sixth distance D6 satisfy the following: 1D6 ≤ D7 < 2D6. For example, the seventh distance D7 is D6, 1.1D6, 1.3D6, 1.5D6, 1.7D6, or 1.9D6. Thus, the seventh distance D7 is greater than the sixth distance D6, and the distance between the gate line at the chamfer and the edge of the cell is larger, which can ensure the accuracy of the silicon wafer chamfer processing and avoid damage caused by the chamfer.

[0087] In some embodiments, the passivation film 120 may have a stacked-layer structure or a single-layer structure, and may be one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride.

[0088] In some embodiments, the passivation film 120 covers a portion of the first edge gate line 111 , the second edge gate line 112 , and a portion of the end portion of the middle gate line 113 .

[0089] In some embodiments, the passivation film 120 includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is located on the cut surface, the second portion is located on the first surface, and the thickness of the first portion is greater than that of the second portion.

[0090] The passivation film 120 at least covers the first surface at a second distance D2.

[0091] In some embodiments, the passivation film 120 further covers the second edge gate line 112, and the second distance D2 and the fifth distance D5 satisfy: D5<D2≤3D5. For example, the second distance D2 is 1.1D5, 1.4D5, 1.6D5, 2.2D5, 2.7D5, or 3D5.

[0092] In some embodiments, the second distance D2 and the sixth distance D6 satisfy: 1.3D6<D2≤3D6. For example, the second distance D2 is 1.4D6, 1.6D6, 2.2D6, 2.5D6, 2.8D6, or 3D6.

[0093] In some embodiments, the second distance D2 and the seventh distance D7 satisfy: 1.5D7<D2≤4D7. For example, the second distance D2 is 1.6D7, 1.8D7, 2.2D7, 2.6D7, 3.3D7, or 4D7.

[0094] It should be noted that the sixth distance D6 refers to the distance between the first gate line and the second edge, wherein the first gate line is at least one of the first edge gate line 111, the second edge gate line 112, and the middle gate line 113. The seventh distance D7 refers to the distance between the second gate line and the chamfer, wherein the second gate line is at least one of the second edge gate line 112 and the middle gate line 113.

[0095] In some embodiments, the sum of the first distance D1 and the fifth distance D5 is greater than or equal to 0.6 times the fourth distance D4 and less than 2 times the fourth distance D4, that is, 0.6D4≤D1+D5≤2D4.

[0096] Figure 2 A first partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A second partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A third partial view of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A fourth partial view of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A fifth partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A sixth partial diagram of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a seventh partial view of a sliced ​​battery provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0097] It should be noted that Figures 2 to 5 This is a partial diagram of the grid line arrangement on the front. Figure 2 and Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure close to the cutting surface. Figure 4 and Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure near the first edge; Figures 6 to 8 This is a partial view of the grid line arrangement on the back. Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure close to the cutting surface. Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the portion close to the first edge. To distinguish the grid lines on the front and back, the reference numerals for the grid lines on the front are 2, and the reference numerals for the grid lines on the back are 3.

[0098] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 The sliced ​​battery also includes a second harpoon structure 22, which is located near the cutting surface 11 and contacts M first edge grid lines 111, where N < M, 3 ≤ M ≤ 10. The second harpoon structure 22 includes a first harpoon 221 and a second harpoon 222. The second harpoon structure 22 is also electrically connected to a portion of the middle grid lines 213.

[0099] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The first edge grid line 211 includes a third sub-grid line 241 and a fourth sub-grid line 242. The fourth sub-grid line 242 is close to the cutting surface 11. The third sub-grid line 241 is divided into a third broken grid and a fourth broken grid arranged along the second direction by two harpoons of the second harpoon structure 22. The number of the third sub-grid lines 242 is 1 to 5.

[0100] The third sub-grid lines include a first-type broken grid 2411 and a first dividing portion 2412. The first-type broken grid 2411 includes a third broken grid and a fourth broken grid. The spacing between adjacent third sub-grid lines 241 is a first length L1, and the spacing between adjacent fourth sub-grid lines 242 is a second length L2. The first length L1 and the second length L2 satisfy the following relationship: 0.5L1≤L2≤L1.

[0101] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 The sliced ​​battery further includes a first harpoon structure 23 , which is close to the first edge and contacts N second edge grid lines 112 , where 1≤N≤5. The first harpoon structure 23 includes a third harpoon 231 and a fourth harpoon 232 .

[0102] In some embodiments, reference Figure 5 The second edge grid line 212 includes a first sub-grid line 251 and a second sub-grid line 252. The first sub-grid line 251 is close to the first edge. The first sub-grid line 251 is divided by two harpoons of the first harpoon structure 23 into a first broken grid and a second broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the first sub-grid lines 252 is 1 to 3.

[0103] The first sub-gate line 251 includes a second-type gate break 2511 and a second dividing portion 2512 . The second-type gate break 2511 includes a first gate break and a second gate break.

[0104] In some embodiments, reference Figure 6 The back of the sliced ​​battery further includes a second harpoon structure 32 , which is close to the cutting surface and contacts M first edge grid lines 111 , where N<M, 3≤M≤10.

[0105] In some embodiments, reference Figure 7 The first edge grid lines include a third sub-grid line 341 and a fourth sub-grid line 343. The fourth sub-grid line is close to the cutting surface. The third sub-grid line is divided by two harpoons of the fourth harpoon structure into a third broken grid line and a fourth broken grid line arranged along the second direction. The number of third sub-grid lines is 1 to 3. The first edge grid lines also include a fifth sub-grid line 342.

[0106] Continue to refer Figure 7 The fourth sub-grid line 343 is divided by the two harpoons of the second harpoon structure into a fifth broken grid and a sixth broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the third sub-grid lines is 1 to 3, and the number of the fourth sub-grid lines is 1 to 5.

[0107] The third sub-grid line includes a third type of broken gate 3411 and a third segment 3412, and the third type of broken gate 3411 includes a fifth broken gate and a sixth broken gate. The fourth sub-grid line includes a fourth type of broken gate 3431 and a fourth segment 3432, and the fourth type of broken gate 3431 includes a fifth broken gate and a sixth broken gate. The spacing between adjacent third sub-grid lines is a third length L3, and the spacing between adjacent fourth sub-grid lines is a fourth length L4. The third length L3 and the fourth length L4 satisfy: 0.3L3≤L4≤0.8L3. In some embodiments, reference Figure 8 The sliced ​​battery further includes a first harpoon structure 33 , the first harpoon structure is close to the first edge, and the first harpoon structure is in contact with N second edge gate lines 112 , where 1≤N≤5.

[0108] In some embodiments, the front surface further includes a first welding point 20 , which serves as a locally thickened area of ​​each grid line and is used for welding with a connecting component to increase a welding area, thereby improving a welding effect.

[0109] It should be noted that the sliced ​​cell can be a busbar-less solar cell, that is, the sliced ​​cell is not provided with a busbar, and the connecting components are welded to the auxiliary grid.

[0110] In some embodiments, the front surface may further include a first connecting line connected to each first welding point. The first connecting line can improve the connectivity and penetration between each grid line, thereby improving battery efficiency while reducing the blocked area.

[0111] In some embodiments, the back surface further includes a second welding point 30 , which serves as a locally thickened area of ​​each gate line and is used for welding with a connecting component to increase the welding area, thereby improving the welding effect.

[0112] In some embodiments, the back surface may further include a second connecting line connected to each second welding point. The second connecting line can improve the connectivity and penetration between each grid line, thereby improving battery efficiency while reducing the blocked area.

[0113] Correspondingly, another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a laminated battery, including the sliced ​​battery provided in the above embodiment, and the technical features that are the same as or corresponding to the above embodiment are not described in detail here.

[0114] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a stacked battery provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0115] refer to Figure 9 The tandem solar cell includes: a bottom cell, which is a sliced ​​cell as described in any one of the above embodiments; and a top cell, which is located on the bottom cell.

[0116] In some embodiments, the stacked cell has a first gridline 366 of a first polarity and a second gridline 367 of a second polarity, wherein the first gridline 366 is in electrical contact with the top cell 360 and the second gridline 367 is in electrical contact with the bottom cell 350 .

[0117] In some embodiments, an interface layer 361 is provided between the top cell and the bottom cell.

[0118] It is worth noting that the stacked cells in the embodiments of the present application only illustrate two layers of solar cells. Those skilled in the art can set three layers of solar cells or multi-layer stacked solar cells with more than three layers according to actual needs.

[0119] In some embodiments, the top cell 360 may be a perovskite solar cell, which includes a stacked first transmission layer 362, a perovskite substrate 363, a second transmission layer 364, a transparent conductive layer 365, and an anti-reflection layer (not shown). The first transmission layer is directly opposite the bottom cell.

[0120] In some embodiments, the first transport layer may be an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer, and the second transport layer may be the other of the electron transport layer or the hole transport layer.

[0121] Correspondingly, another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including the sliced ​​cells provided in the above embodiment, and the technical features that are the same as or corresponding to the above embodiment are not described in detail here.

[0122] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0123] refer to Figure 10 , a photovoltaic module includes: a battery string, which is formed by connecting multiple sliced ​​batteries as in any of the above embodiments or stacked batteries as in the above embodiments; a packaging film 403, which is used to cover the surface of the battery string; and a cover plate 404, which is used to cover the surface of the packaging film away from the battery string.

[0124] Specifically, in some embodiments, multiple battery cells 40 can be electrically connected via a connecting component 402. The connecting component 402 is welded to a secondary grid on the battery cell, and the secondary grid includes a first edge grid line, a second edge grid line, and a middle grid line. The connecting component can also be welded to a first welding point 20 or a second welding point 30. The battery cell can be a sliced ​​battery as in any of the above embodiments or a laminated battery as in the above embodiments.

[0125] In some embodiments, no space is provided between the battery cells, ie, the battery cells overlap with each other.

[0126] In some embodiments, the encapsulation film 403 includes a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer, the first encapsulation layer covers one of the front or back sides of the solar cell, and the second encapsulation layer covers the other of the front or back sides of the solar cell. Specifically, at least one of the first encapsulation layer or the second encapsulation layer can be an organic encapsulation film such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, polyethylene octene co-elastomer (POE) film or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film.

[0127] It is worth noting that there is a dividing line between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer before the lamination process. After the lamination process, the photovoltaic module is formed and there is no longer the concept of the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer, that is, the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer have formed an integral encapsulation film 403.

[0128] In some embodiments, the cover plate 404 can be a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate, or other light-transmitting cover plate. Specifically, the surface of the cover plate 404 facing the encapsulation film 403 can be a concave-convex surface to increase the utilization rate of incident light. The cover plate 404 includes a first cover plate and a second cover plate, where the first cover plate faces the first encapsulation layer and the second cover plate faces the second encapsulation layer; alternatively, the first cover plate faces one side of the solar cell and the second cover plate faces the other side of the solar cell.

[0129] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present application, and that in actual applications, various changes in form and detail may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Any person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A sliced ​​battery, characterized in that: include: A cutting surface (11), a first surface, and a second surface, wherein both sides of the cutting surface are connected to the first surface and the second surface respectively, and the sliced ​​battery has a plurality of first edge grid lines (111) at one end close to the cutting surface, wherein the plurality of first edge grid lines (111) are located on the first surface and are arranged at intervals along a first direction, and the spacing between adjacent first edge grid lines (111) is a first spacing D1; A passivation film (120), the passivation film (120) at least covers the cutting surface (11) and the first surface, the passivation film (120) at least covers the first surface at a spacing of a second spacing D2; the first spacing D1 and the second spacing D2 satisfy: 2D1≤D2<5D1.

2. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the first edge grid line closest to the cutting surface (11) and the cutting surface (11) is a third spacing D3, and the first spacing D1 and the third spacing D3 satisfy: 0.3D1<D3≤0.8D1.

3. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third distance D3 ranges from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm.

4. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first surface further includes a first edge (101); the sliced ​​battery further includes: a plurality of intermediate grid lines (113) and second edge grid lines (112), the second edge grid lines (112) being close to the first edge (101), and the intermediate grid lines (113) being located between the second edge grid lines (112) and the first edge grid lines (111); the spacing between adjacent intermediate grid lines (113) is a fourth spacing D4, and the spacing between adjacent second edge grid lines (112) is a fifth spacing D5; the first spacing D1 and the fourth spacing D4 satisfy: D1<D4<1.5D1; and the first spacing D1 and the fifth spacing D5 satisfy: 0.5D1<D5≤5D1.

5. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The passivation film (120) also covers the second edge gate line (112), and the second distance D2 and the fifth distance D5 satisfy: D5<D2≤3D5.

6. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first surface further includes a second edge (102), the second edge (102) connecting the first edge (101) and the cutting surface (11), the distance between the end of the first grid line and the second edge (102) is a sixth spacing D6, the fourth spacing D4 and the sixth spacing D6 satisfy: 0.3D4<D6≤0.8D4; the first grid line is at least one of the first edge grid line (111), the second edge grid line (112) and the middle grid line (113).

7. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first edge (101) and the second edge (102) have a chamfer (103); the distance between the end of the second grid line and the chamfer (103) is a seventh spacing D7, the sixth spacing D6 and the fourth spacing D4 satisfy: 0.3D4<D6≤0.8D4; the seventh spacing and the fourth spacing satisfy: 0.4D7<D4≤0.9D7; the second grid line is at least one of the second edge grid line (112) and the middle grid line (113).

8. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance between the second edge grid line (112) closest to the first edge (101) and the first edge (101) is an eighth distance D8, and the fourth distance D4 and the eighth distance satisfy: 0.3D8<D4≤0.8D8.

9. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sum of the first distance D1 and the fifth distance D5 is greater than or equal to 0.6 times the fourth distance D4 and less than 2 times the fourth distance D4.

10. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sliced ​​battery further includes a first harpoon structure (131), the first harpoon structure being close to the first edge (101), and the first harpoon structure being in contact with N second edge grid lines (112), where 1≤N≤5.

11. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 10, characterized in that: The second edge grid line (112) includes a first sub-grid line and a second sub-grid line, the first sub-grid line is close to the first edge (101), and the first sub-grid line is divided by two harpoons of the first harpoon structure into a first broken grid and a second broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the first sub-grid lines is 1 to 3.

12. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that: The sliced ​​battery further comprises a second harpoon structure, the second harpoon structure is close to the cutting surface, and the second harpoon structure is in contact with M first edge grid lines (111), N<M, 3≤M≤10.

13. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first edge grid line (111) includes a third sub-grid line and a fourth sub-grid line, the fourth sub-grid line is close to the cutting surface, and the third sub-grid line is divided by two harpoons of the fourth harpoon structure into a third broken grid and a fourth broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the third sub-grid lines is 1 to 5.

14. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 13, characterized in that: The number of the third sub-grid lines is 1 to 3, the fourth sub-grid line is divided by two harpoons of the second harpoon structure into a fifth broken grid and a sixth broken grid arranged along the second direction; the number of the fourth sub-grid lines is 1 to 5.

15. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passivation film includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is located on the cut surface, the second portion is located on the first surface, and a thickness of the first portion is greater than a thickness of the second portion.

16. The sliced ​​battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between the cutting surface and the first surface is one of an obtuse angle and an acute angle; the included angle between the cutting surface and the second surface is the other of an obtuse angle and an acute angle.

17. A stacked battery, characterized in that: include: A bottom cell, wherein the bottom cell is a sliced ​​cell according to any one of claims 1 to 16; A top cell is located on the bottom cell.

18. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A battery string formed by connecting a plurality of sliced ​​batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or a laminated battery according to claim 17; A packaging film, used to cover the surface of the battery string; A cover plate is used to cover the surface of the packaging film facing away from the battery string.

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