Fixed-point fertilization device based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent agricultural machinery, in particular to a fixed-point fertilization device based on Internet of Things, which comprises a pit digging assembly and a material scattering assembly, the pit digging assembly comprises a lifting cylinder, a soil taking mechanism and a soil covering mechanism, the soil taking mechanism comprises a rotating pipe and a soil taking drill bushing, and the soil covering mechanism comprises a lifting pressing plate. The material scattering assembly comprises a lifting hopper and a lifting annular plate, material cavities are formed in the lifting hopper, a feeding opening is formed in the outer wall of the lifting hopper, a discharging opening is formed in the inner wall of the lifting hopper, and a material guiding slope is formed at the lower end of each material cavity. Dug soil is taken out during pit digging through the soil taking drill bushing, so that after fertilizer is applied to the soil pit, a lifting pressing plate in the soil covering mechanism downwards pushes the soil in the soil taking drill bushing to the soil pit again, soil covering on granular fertilizer in the soil pit is realized, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and nutrient loss is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent agricultural machinery, in particular to a fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fixed-point fertilization device is a device for precision fertilization in modern agriculture, which is used to apply a certain amount of fertilizer to a specified fertilization point. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things is a typical application of smart agriculture, which deeply integrates sensors, communication technology and fertilization machinery to realize data-driven and intelligent control of precision fertilization mode.

[0003] The existing patent with the Chinese patent number CN118318576B discloses a fixed-point cultivation and fertilization device for fruit tree planting to solve the problem of fertilizer waste caused by manual fertilization. However, the above-mentioned patent and prior art still have the following defects: Firstly, the above-mentioned patent uses a cutting stick to turn over the soil to form a pit, and the fertilizer in the storage box will fall into the pit along the cutting stick. However, after fertilization, the above-mentioned patent cannot refill the soil into the pit, so the fertilizer will continue to be exposed to the air, and the nitrogen in the fertilizer will escape into the air in the form of ammonia gas, significantly reducing the utilization rate of the fertilizer. Moreover, if it rains or irrigates, the granular fertilizer is easy to be washed away by the water flow, and enters the ditch and river with surface runoff, not only causing nutrient waste, but also polluting the water body. Secondly, when the cutting stick turns over the soil, part of the soil will adhere to the cutting stick. When the subsequent granular fertilizer falls, the granular fertilizer may be blocked by the soil on the cutting stick, causing the granular fertilizer to fail to fall normally into the pit. Moreover, with the driving of the carrier vehicle, the granular fertilizer blocked by the soil will fall everywhere due to the bumping of the carrier vehicle, eventually leading to the waste of granular fertilizer.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things to solve the above-mentioned problems. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The hopper is installed in the hopper and is connected with the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is installed in the hopper and is connected with the lifting mechanism of the hopper and the lifting mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, two symmetrical supporting vertical plates are provided on the peripheral side of the lifting cylinder, and each supporting vertical plate is slidably connected to a lifting platform in the vertical direction, and the lifting platform is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, both ends of the lifting cylinder are coaxially fixed with end tubes, and a bearing is coaxially embedded in each end tube. Both ends of the rotating tube pass through the two end tubes respectively, and both ends of the rotating tube are connected to the two bearings respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, a No. 1 bracket is fixed on one of the lifting platforms, and a vertical motor is fixed on the No. 1 bracket. A No. 1 gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, and a No. 2 gear meshing with the No. 1 gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating tube.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil drilling sleeve includes a cylindrical shell and several threaded rods. The cylindrical shell is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating tube. The top of the cylindrical shell is a closed structure and the bottom is an open structure. Several threaded rods are arranged on the cylindrical shell along the circumferential direction, and each threaded rod is vertically fixed to the cylindrical shell.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting and lowering pressure plate is horizontally arranged in the cylindrical shell, and the covering mechanism also includes a pressure rod coaxially arranged in the rotating tube. The top of the cylindrical shell is provided with a through opening connected to the rotating tube. The lower end of the pressure rod passes through the through opening and is fixedly connected to the lifting and lowering pressure plate. A limiting ring located in the rotating tube is coaxially fixed to the pressure rod, and a No. 1 spring is sleeved on the pressure rod. The two ends of the No. 1 spring respectively conflict with the bottom of the limiting ring and the top of the cylindrical shell.

[0012] Furthermore, a No. 2 bracket is fixed on one of the lifting platforms, and a vertical cylinder is fixed on the No. 2 bracket. The cylinder is located above the lifting cylinder, and the output end of the cylinder faces downward. The upper end of the pressure rod passes through the rotating tube, and the upper end of the pressure rod corresponds to the output end of the cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, two guide slides are provided on the peripheral side of the lifting hopper, each guide slide includes a connecting seat, a No. 1 limit plate and several guide slide rods, the connecting seat is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting hopper, each guide slide rod is vertically fixed to the connecting seat, the upper end of each guide slide rod passes upward through the corresponding lifting platform, the No. 1 limit plate is horizontally fixedly connected to the upper ends of several guide slide rods, and each supporting vertical plate is fixedly provided with a No. 2 limit plate located below the connecting seat.

[0014] Furthermore, a pressure ring extending radially outward is coaxially formed on the top of the lifting ring plate, and the pressure ring is located above the lifting hopper. A retaining ring coaxially sleeved on the outside of the lifting cylinder is provided above the pressure ring. The retaining ring is fixedly connected to the lifting hopper through a number of connecting plates in a circular array. A number of limiting columns along a circumferential array are formed on the top of the pressure ring. Each limiting column passes vertically upward through the retaining ring. A No. 2 spring is sleeved on each limiting column. The two ends of the No. 2 spring respectively conflict with the retaining ring and the pressure ring. The top of the pressure ring is coaxially fixed with an inner ring sleeved on the outside of the lifting cylinder. A convex ring located below the inner ring is coaxially formed on the outer wall of the lower end of the lifting cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, a conical hose is fixedly provided at the bottom of the lifting hopper, with the large-diameter end of the conical hose facing upward and the small-diameter end of the conical hose facing downward and extending downward, and the inner diameter of the small-diameter end of the conical hose is smaller than the outer diameter of the lifting ring plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, this device is an intelligent agricultural power machine that uses IoT technology combined with automated operations to divide the entire fertilization process into three steps: data collection, data analysis, and fertilization execution. This improves fertilization efficiency, increases fertilizer utilization, and reduces labor intensity and costs. Secondly, the device is used to dig a hole before fertilizing, and the soil drill sleeve is used to take out the excavated soil while digging the hole. After fertilizing the pit, the lifting and pressing plate in the covering mechanism will push the soil in the soil drill sleeve back into the pit, thereby covering the granular fertilizer in the pit with soil, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization rate and reducing nutrient loss.

[0017] Third, after the soil drill sleeve takes soil, it will retract upward into the lifting ring plate. The lifting ring plate not only plays the role of opening and closing the discharge port, but also can block the soil drill sleeve outside the discharge port, ultimately preventing soil from adhering to the discharge port and affecting the normal fall of granular fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention when the lifting cylinder is rising; Figure 2 It is a top view of the present invention when the lifting cylinder is rising; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view along line AA; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A1 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram; Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along line BB; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention when the lifting cylinder is descending; Figure 8 is a top view of the present invention when the lifting cylinder is descending; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Cross-sectional view along line CC; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the soil drill sleeve and the lifting cylinder; Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lifting and lowering pressure plate and the pressure rod; Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lifting hopper.

[0019] The numbers in the figure are: 1, lifting cylinder; 2, rotating tube; 3, soil drill sleeve; 4, lifting pressure plate; 5, lifting hopper; 6, lifting ring plate; 7, material chamber; 8, feeding port; 9, discharge port; 10, material guide slope; 11, supporting plate; 12, lifting platform; 13, end pipe; 14, bearing; 15, No. 1 bracket; 16, motor; 17, No. 1 gear; 18, No. 2 gear; 19, cylindrical shell; 20. Threaded rod; 21. Pressure rod; 22. Through port; 23. Limiting ring; 24. Spring No. 1; 25. Bracket No. 2; 26. Cylinder; 27. Connecting seat; 28. Limiting plate No. 1; 29. ​​Guide rod; 30. Limiting plate No. 2; 31. Pressure ring; 32. Retaining ring; 33. Connecting plate; 34. Limiting column; 35. Spring No. 2; 36. Inner ring; 37. Convex ring; 38. Conical hose. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to further understand the features, technical means, specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] refer to Figures 1 to 12The device is a fixed-point fertilizing device based on the Internet of Things, comprising a pit-digging component and a spreading component. The pit-digging component comprises a lifting cylinder 1, a soil-taking mechanism and a soil-covering mechanism. The lifting cylinder 1 is vertically arranged. The soil-taking mechanism comprises a rotating tube 2 and a soil-taking drill sleeve 3. The rotating tube 2 rotates coaxially in the lifting cylinder 1. The soil-taking drill sleeve 3 is arranged below the lifting cylinder 1 and is connected to the rotating tube 2. The soil-covering mechanism comprises a lifting and lowering pressure plate 4 arranged in the soil-taking drill sleeve 3. The spreading component comprises a lifting hopper. 5 and a lifting ring plate 6, the lifting hopper 5 is annularly coaxially sleeved on the outside of the lower end of the lifting cylinder 1, and a vertical material cavity 7 is provided in the lifting hopper 5. A feeding port 8 leading to the upper end of the material cavity 7 is provided on the outer wall of the lifting hopper 5, and a discharge port 9 connected to the lower end of the material cavity 7 is provided on the inner wall of the lifting hopper 5. The lower end of each material cavity 7 is formed with a guide slope 10 facing the corresponding discharge port 9. The lifting ring plate 6 is sleeved on the outside of the soil drill sleeve 3, and the lifting ring plate 6 blocks the discharge port 9.

[0022] The fertilization work of this fertilization device is divided into the following three steps: First, data collection. In actual use, the fertilization device is installed on a tracked vehicle (not shown in the figure). The tracked vehicle is equipped with various sensors, such as soil moisture sensors, nutrient content sensors, and temperature sensors. These sensors collect soil and crop data in real time. The collected data is then transmitted to the cloud platform via a wireless network. Second, data analysis: The cloud platform uses advanced data analysis technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, to process and analyze the collected data. Combined with crop demand models and soil conditions, it generates precise fertilization data to determine the timing, location, type, and amount of fertilization. Third, fertilization is executed. According to the fertilization data obtained through analysis, the fertilization device on the crawler vehicle starts working.

[0023] The specific working process of the fertilization device is as follows (the soil that needs to be fertilized is clay by default): The crawler vehicle drives the fertilizing device to the designated fertilizing point. When the fertilizing device reaches the fertilizing point, the lifting cylinder 1 and the lifting hopper 5 begin to descend synchronously. During this process, the lifting hopper 5 stops descending when it descends close to the ground, and the lifting cylinder 1 continues to descend and drives the soil drill sleeve 3 to extend out of the lifting ring. In actual use, a storage box (not shown in the figure) connected to the lifting hopper 5 is provided above the lifting hopper 5. Granular fertilizer is stored in the storage box, and a delivery pipe (not shown in the figure) connected to the feed port 8 is provided on the storage box, and a metering device (not shown in the figure) is provided between the delivery pipe and the feed port 8. The metering device is used to control the amount of fertilizer injected into the material cavity 7 by the storage box. When the soil drill sleeve 3 extends from the lifting ring, the storage cylinder will inject a certain amount of granular fertilizer into the material cavity 7 in the lifting hopper 5. Since the lifting ring plate 6 blocks the discharge port 9 at this time, the granular fertilizer falling into the material cavity 7 cannot be discharged from the lifting ring. When the soil drill sleeve 3 is pulled out of the soil, a soil pit with a certain depth will be formed on the ground. As the lifting cylinder 1 continues to rise, the soil drill sleeve 3 will be retracted into the lifting ring plate 6 again. Thereafter, the lifting ring plate 6 will rise together with the lifting cylinder 1, so that the discharge port 9 will gradually open, and the granular fertilizer located in the material cavity 7 will fall into the soil pit along the guide slope 10. When all the granular fertilizers fall into the soil pit, the lifting cylinder 1 starts to fall, and when the soil drill sleeve 3 is close to the soil pit, the lifting pressure plate 4 will push the soil embedded in the soil drill sleeve 3 back into the soil pit, thereby covering the granular fertilizer in the soil pit with soil, thereby improving fertilizer utilization and reducing nutrient loss.

[0024] In order to show how the lifting cylinder 1 is raised and lowered, the following features are set: Two symmetrical supporting uprights 11 are provided on the circumference of the lifting cylinder 1 . A lifting platform 12 is slidably connected to each supporting upright 11 along the vertical direction. The lifting platform 12 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting cylinder 1 .

[0025] In actual use, the support plate 11 is installed on the crawler vehicle, and a lifting drive mechanism (not shown in the figure) is provided between each lifting platform 12 and the support plate 11. The lifting drive mechanism can be a screw slide, an electric slide rail and a transmission chain, etc. The lifting cylinder 1 is located between the two lifting platforms 12 (such as Figure 1 As shown), the two lifting platforms 12 drive the lifting cylinder 1 to move up and down through synchronous displacement.

[0026] To show how the rotating tube 2 is installed, the following features are provided: The two ends of the lifting cylinder 1 are coaxially connected with end pipes 13, each of which is coaxially embedded with a bearing 14, and the two ends of the rotating pipe 2 pass through the two end pipes 13 and are connected with the two bearings 14 respectively.

[0027] The rotating pipe 2 rotates in the lifting cylinder 1 through the two bearings 14. When the rotating pipe 2 is installed, the rotating pipe 2 is in interference fit with the bearing 14, and the two ends of the rotating pipe 2 are provided with snap rings (not shown in the figure) for limiting the axial displacement thereof. Thus, when the lifting cylinder 1 is lifted, the rotating pipe 2 will be displaced together with the lifting cylinder 1.

[0028] In order to show how the rotating pipe 2 rotates, the following features are provided: One of the lifting platforms 12 is fixedly provided with a No. 1 support 15, and the No. 1 support 15 is fixedly provided with a vertical motor 16. The output end of the motor 16 is coaxially connected with a No. 1 gear 17, and the upper end of the rotating pipe 2 is coaxially connected with a No. 2 gear 18 engaged with the No. 1 gear 17.

[0029] In actual processing, the diameter of the No. 1 gear 17 is smaller than that of the No. 2 gear 18. When the motor 16 is started, the motor 16 will drive the rotating pipe 2 to rotate slowly through the transmission of the No. 1 gear 17 and the No. 2 gear 18. When the soil drill sleeve 3 is inserted into the soil, through the rotation of the rotating pipe 2, the soil drill sleeve 3 will drill a ring-shaped trench in the land, and the soil in the ring-shaped trench will be embedded in the soil drill sleeve 3. When the soil drill sleeve 3 rises, the soil will be taken out by the soil drill sleeve 3, and finally a soil pit with a certain depth will be formed in the land.

[0030] In order to show the specific structure of the soil drill sleeve 3, the following features are provided: The soil drill sleeve 3 comprises a columnar shell 19 and a plurality of threaded rods 20. The columnar shell 19 is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating pipe 2. The top of the columnar shell 19 is a closed structure, and the bottom is an open structure. The plurality of threaded rods 20 are arranged on the columnar shell 19 in the circumferential direction, and each threaded rod 20 is vertically connected with the columnar shell 19.

[0031] When the rotating pipe 2 descends with the lifting cylinder 1, the rotating pipe 2 will drive the plurality of threaded rods 20 to insert into the soil through the columnar shell 19. Then, the motor 16 drives the rotating pipe 2 to rotate. When the rotating pipe 2 rotates, the plurality of threaded rods 20 inserted into the soil will drill a ring-shaped trench in the land, and the soil in the ring-shaped trench will be embedded between the plurality of threaded rods 20. Then, when the rotating pipe 2 rises, the soil will be taken out by the plurality of threaded rods 20, and finally a soil pit with a certain depth will be formed in the land.

[0032] In order to show how the lifting pressure plate 4 is installed, the following features are provided: The lifting and pressing plate 4 is horizontally arranged in the columnar shell 19, the soil covering mechanism further comprises a pressing rod 21 coaxially arranged in the rotating pipe 2, the top of the columnar shell 19 is provided with a through hole 22 in communication with the rotating pipe 2, the lower end of the pressing rod 21 penetrates through the through hole 22 and is fixedly connected with the lifting and pressing plate 4, the pressing rod 21 is coaxially fixedly connected with a limiting ring 23 located in the rotating pipe 2, and a first spring 24 is sleeved on the pressing rod 21, and the two ends of the first spring 24 are respectively in abutment with the bottom of the limiting ring 23 and the top of the columnar shell 19.

[0033] In the initial state, the first spring 24 releases the elastic force and makes the pressing rod 21 in the rising state through abutting against the limiting ring 23, at this time, the lifting and pressing plate 4 connected with the pressing rod 21 rises to be attached to the inner top wall of the columnar shell 19 (as shown in the figure). Figure 5 When the rotating pipe 2 drives the soil taking drill sleeve 3 inserted into the soil to rotate, the soil embedded between the plurality of threaded insertion rods 20 is located below the lifting and pressing plate 4 at this time, and then when the subsequent granular fertilizer in the soil pit needs to be covered with soil, the pressing rod 21 is pressed downward, at this time, the pressing rod 21 will overcome the elastic force of the first spring 24 and drive the lifting and pressing plate 4 to push the soil embedded between the plurality of threaded insertion rods 20 back into the soil pit.

[0034] In order to show how the lifting and pressing plate 4 rises and falls, the following features are set: One of the lifting platforms 12 is fixedly provided with a second support 25, the second support 25 is fixedly provided with a vertical air cylinder 26, the air cylinder 26 is located above the lifting cylinder 1, and the output end of the air cylinder 26 faces downward, the upper end of the pressing rod 21 penetrates out of the rotating pipe 2, and the upper end of the pressing rod 21 corresponds to the output end of the air cylinder 26.

[0035] When the output end of the air cylinder 26 is retracted, the pressing rod 21 is driven to rise by the elastic force of the first spring 24, at this time, the lifting and pressing plate 4 is attached to the inner top wall of the columnar shell 19, when the output end of the air cylinder 26 extends downward, the pressing rod 21 will be driven to descend by the air cylinder 26, so that the pressing rod 21 will overcome the elastic force of the first spring 24 and drive the lifting and pressing plate 4 to extend downward, and finally the soil embedded between the plurality of threaded insertion rods 20 is pushed back into the soil pit through the lifting and pressing plate 4.

[0036] In order to show how the lifting hopper 5 rises and falls, the following features are set: The lifting hopper 5 is provided with two guide sliding pieces on the circumferential side, each guide sliding piece comprises a connecting seat 27, a first limiting plate 28 and a plurality of guide sliding rods 29, the connecting seat 27 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the lifting hopper 5, each guide sliding rod 29 is vertically fixedly connected with the connecting seat 27, the upper end of each guide sliding rod 29 penetrates through the corresponding lifting platform 12 upward, the first limiting plate 28 is horizontally fixedly connected with the upper ends of the plurality of guide sliding rods 29, and the second limiting plate 30 is fixedly arranged on each supporting vertical plate 11 and located below the connecting seat 27.

[0037] When the lifting cylinder 1 is in the rising state, the lifting hopper 5 drives several guide slide bars 29 to descend by gravity. At this time, the No. 1 limit plate 28 fixed to the upper ends of the guide slide bars 29 will downwardly conflict with the corresponding lifting platform 12. Through the limiting effect of the No. 1 limit plate 28, the entire lifting hopper 5 will be suspended at the lower end of the lifting end. Then, when the lifting cylinder 1 descends, the lifting hopper 5 will descend along with the lifting cylinder 1. When the lifting hopper 5 descends to near the ground, each connecting seat 27 will downwardly conflict with the No. 2 limit plate 30. Through the No. 2 limit plate 30, the descending stroke of the entire lifting hopper 5 is limited. Finally, when the lifting cylinder 1 continues to descend, the lifting hopper 5 will not descend along with the lifting cylinder 1. This controls the distance between the lifting hopper 5 and the ground, making it convenient for the subsequent sprinkling of granular fertilizer into the pit.

[0038] In order to show how the lifting ring plate 6 is lifted and lowered, the following features are set: The top of the lifting ring plate 6 is coaxially formed with a pressure ring 31 extending radially outward, and the pressure ring 31 is located above the lifting hopper 5. A retaining ring 32 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the lifting cylinder 1 above the pressure ring 31. The retaining ring 32 is fixedly connected to the lifting hopper 5 through a number of connecting plates 33 in a circular array. The top of the pressure ring 31 is formed with a number of limiting columns 34 in a circumferential array. Each limiting column 34 passes vertically upward through the retaining ring 32. Each limiting column 34 is sleeved with a No. 2 spring 35. The two ends of the No. 2 spring 35 respectively conflict with the retaining ring 32 and the pressure ring 31. The top of the pressure ring 31 is coaxially fixed with an inner ring 36 sleeved on the outside of the lifting cylinder 1. A convex ring 37 located below the inner ring 36 is coaxially formed on the outer wall of the lower end of the lifting cylinder 1.

[0039] When the lifting cylinder 1 is in the ascending state, the convex ring 37 provided on the outer wall of the lifting cylinder 1 will push upward against the inner ring 36 to drive the entire lifting ring plate 6 to rise. At this time, the pressure ring 31 will synchronously compress a number of No. 2 springs 35 upward, so that the No. 2 springs 35 generate elastic force. At the same time, the rising lifting ring plate 6 will open the discharge port 9 (such as Figure 6As shown in the figure), when the lifting cylinder 1 descends, the lifting hopper 5 will descend along with the lifting cylinder 1. When the lifting hopper 5 descends close to the ground, the entire lifting hopper 5 will be restricted from descending by the action of the second limit plate 30. Thereafter, as the lifting cylinder 1 continues to descend, the second spring 35 will gradually release its elastic force to drive the pressure ring 31 to descend, so that the lifting ring plate 6 will descend along with the lifting cylinder 1. When the lifting ring plate 6 descends until the pressure ring 31 conflicts with the top of the lifting hopper 5, the lifting ring plate 6 stops descending. At this time, the lifting ring plate 6 will open the discharge port 9. After the soil is blocked, the soil drill sleeve 3 will take the soil. At the same time, the granular fertilizer in the storage box (not shown in the figure) will discharge a certain amount of granular fertilizer into the material cavity 7. When the soil is taken out, the lifting cylinder 1 starts to rise, and the soil drill sleeve 3 with the soil will gradually retract into the lifting ring plate 6. When the lifting cylinder 1 rises to the point where the convex ring 37 conflicts with the inner ring 36, the lifting ring plate 6 will be driven to rise together with the lifting cylinder 1, so that the discharge port 9 will gradually open, and finally the granular fertilizer in the material cavity 7 will fall into the soil pit below along the guide slope 10.

[0040] In order to ensure that the granular fertilizer discharged from the discharge port 9 can fall accurately into the soil pit, the following features are set: A conical rubber hose 38 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the lifting hopper 5 , with the large-diameter end of the conical rubber hose 38 facing upward, and the small-diameter end of the conical rubber hose 38 facing downward and extending downward, and the inner diameter of the small-diameter end of the conical rubber hose 38 is smaller than the outer diameter of the lifting ring plate 6 .

[0041] When the lifting cylinder 1 descends to the point where the lifting hopper 5 is limited by the second limit plate 30, as the lifting cylinder 1 continues to descend, the lifting ring plate 6 will be driven by the elastic force of the second spring 35 to follow the lifting cylinder 1 and descend together. During this process, the lower end of the lifting ring plate 6 will contact the conical rubber hose 38 from the inside to the outside, so that the conical rubber hose 38 will expand and deform outward. Finally, when the lifting ring plate 6 descends to the limit, the lower end of the conical rubber hose 38 will wrap around the outer wall of the lifting ring plate 6 (as shown in FIG. Figure 9As shown), the tapered hose 38 is prevented from affecting the soil-taking work of the soil-taking drill sleeve 3 through the blocking effect of the lifting ring plate 6. When the soil-taking drill sleeve 3 takes out the soil, the lifting cylinder 1 starts to rise. During this process, the lifting ring plate 6 will rise together with the lifting cylinder 1 through the resistance of the convex ring 37. When the lifting ring plate 6 rises, the lower end of the lifting ring plate 6 will first separate from the tapered hose 38, so that the tapered hose 38 will be reset to a cone due to elastic force. Then, as the lifting ring plate 6 continues to rise, the discharge port 9 will gradually open, and finally the granular fertilizer discharged from the discharge port 9 can flow along The conical rubber hose 38 falls downward accurately into the pit, wherein the elastic force of the No. 2 spring 35 is much greater than the force causing the conical rubber sleeve to deform, so that the lifting ring plate 6 driven down by the No. 2 spring 35 can resist the conical rubber sleeve to deform, and the force causing the No. 2 spring 35 to deform is much smaller than the gravity of the entire lifting hopper 5, so that during the rising stroke when the lifting ring plate 6 opens the discharge port 9, the lifting hopper 5 will not rise. Only when the lifting cylinder 1 rises to the lifting platform 12 and conflicts with the No. 1 limit plate 28, the lifting hopper 5 will rise together with the lifting cylinder 1.

[0042] Working principle: The fertilization work of this fertilization device is divided into the following three steps: First, data collection. In actual use, the fertilization device is installed on a tracked vehicle (not shown in the figure). The tracked vehicle is equipped with various sensors, such as soil moisture sensors, nutrient content sensors, and temperature sensors. These sensors collect soil and crop data in real time. The collected data is then transmitted to the cloud platform via a wireless network. Second, data analysis: The cloud platform uses advanced data analysis technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, to process and analyze the collected data. Combined with crop demand models and soil conditions, it generates precise fertilization data to determine the timing, location, type, and amount of fertilization. Third, fertilization is executed. According to the fertilization data obtained through analysis, the fertilization device on the crawler vehicle starts working.

[0043] The specific working process of the fertilization device is as follows: The crawler vehicle drives the fertilizing device to the designated fertilizing point. When the fertilizing device reaches the fertilizing point, the lifting cylinder 1 and the lifting hopper 5 begin to descend synchronously. During this process, the lifting hopper 5 stops descending when it descends close to the ground, and the lifting cylinder 1 continues to descend and drives the soil drill sleeve 3 to extend out of the lifting ring. In actual use, a storage box (not shown in the figure) connected to the lifting hopper 5 is provided above the lifting hopper 5. Granular fertilizer is stored in the storage box, and a delivery pipe (not shown in the figure) connected to the feed port 8 is provided on the storage box, and a metering device (not shown in the figure) is provided between the delivery pipe and the feed port 8. The metering device is used to control the amount of fertilizer injected into the material cavity 7 by the storage box. When the soil drill sleeve 3 extends from the lifting ring, the storage cylinder will inject a certain amount of granular fertilizer into the material cavity 7 in the lifting hopper 5. Since the lifting ring plate 6 blocks the discharge port 9 at this time, the granular fertilizer falling into the material cavity 7 cannot be discharged from the lifting ring. When the soil drill sleeve 3 is pulled out of the soil, a soil pit with a certain depth will be formed on the ground. As the lifting cylinder 1 continues to rise, the soil drill sleeve 3 will be retracted into the lifting ring plate 6 again. Thereafter, the lifting ring plate 6 will rise together with the lifting cylinder 1, so that the discharge port 9 will gradually open, and the granular fertilizer located in the material cavity 7 will fall into the soil pit along the guide slope 10. When all the granular fertilizers fall into the soil pit, the lifting cylinder 1 starts to fall, and when the soil drill sleeve 3 is close to the soil pit, the lifting pressure plate 4 will push the soil embedded in the soil drill sleeve 3 back into the soil pit, thereby covering the granular fertilizer in the soil pit with soil, thereby improving fertilizer utilization and reducing nutrient loss.

[0044] The above embodiments merely represent one or several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pit-digging component and a material spreading component, wherein the pit-digging component comprises a lifting cylinder (1), a soil-taking mechanism and a soil-covering mechanism, wherein the lifting cylinder (1) is vertically arranged, the soil-taking mechanism comprises a rotating tube (2) and a soil-taking drill sleeve (3), the rotating tube (2) coaxially rotates in the lifting cylinder (1), the soil-taking drill sleeve (3) is arranged below the lifting cylinder (1), the soil-taking drill sleeve (3) is connected to the rotating tube (2), the soil-covering mechanism comprises a lifting and lowering pressure plate (4) arranged in the soil-taking drill sleeve (3), the material spreading component comprises a lifting hopper (5) and a lifting ring plate (6), the lifting hopper (5) is annularly coaxially sleeved outside the lower end of the lifting cylinder (1), a vertical material cavity (7) is provided in the lifting hopper (5), a feeding port (8) leading to the upper end of the material cavity (7) is provided on the outer wall of the lifting hopper (5), a discharge port (9) connected to the lower end of the material cavity (7) is provided on the inner wall of the lifting hopper (5), and a material guide slope (10) facing the corresponding discharge port (9) is formed at the lower end of each material cavity (7), and the lifting ring plate (6) is sleeved outside the soil drill sleeve (3), and the lifting ring plate (6) blocks the discharge port (9).

2. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two symmetrical supporting uprights (11) are provided on the peripheral side of the lifting cylinder (1), and a lifting platform (12) is slidably connected to each supporting upright (11) in a vertical direction, and the lifting platform (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting cylinder (1).

3. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both ends of the lifting cylinder (1) are coaxially fixedly connected to end tubes (13), and a bearing (14) is coaxially embedded in each end tube (13). Both ends of the rotating tube (2) pass through the two end tubes (13), and the two ends of the rotating tube (2) are respectively connected to the two bearings (14).

4. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 3, characterized in that: A No. 1 bracket (15) is fixedly provided on one of the lifting platforms (12), a vertical motor (16) is fixedly provided on the No. 1 bracket (15), a No. 1 gear (17) is coaxially fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (16), and a No. 2 gear (18) meshing with the No. 1 gear (17) is coaxially fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating tube (2).

5. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil drilling sleeve (3) includes a cylindrical shell (19) and a plurality of threaded rods (20). The cylindrical shell (19) is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the rotating tube (2). The top of the cylindrical shell (19) is a closed structure and the bottom is an open structure. The plurality of threaded rods (20) are arranged on the cylindrical shell (19) along the circumferential direction, and each threaded rod (20) is vertically fixed to the cylindrical shell (19).

6. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting and lowering pressure plate (4) is horizontally arranged in the cylindrical shell (19), and the covering mechanism also includes a pressure rod (21) coaxially arranged in the rotating tube (2). The top of the cylindrical shell (19) is provided with a through hole (22) connected to the rotating tube (2). The lower end of the pressure rod (21) passes through the through hole (22) and is fixedly connected to the lifting and lowering pressure plate (4). A limiting ring (23) located in the rotating tube (2) is coaxially fixedly connected to the pressure rod (21). A No. 1 spring (24) is sleeved on the pressure rod (21), and the two ends of the No. 1 spring (24) respectively conflict with the bottom of the limiting ring (23) and the top of the cylindrical shell (19).

7. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second bracket (25) is fixedly provided on one of the lifting platforms (12), and a vertical cylinder (26) is fixedly provided on the second bracket (25). The cylinder (26) is located above the lifting cylinder (1), and the output end of the cylinder (26) faces downward. The upper end of the pressure rod (21) passes through the rotating tube (2), and the upper end of the pressure rod (21) corresponds to the output end of the cylinder (26).

8. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two guide slides are provided on the peripheral side of the lifting hopper (5), each guide slide comprises a connecting seat (27), a No. 1 limit plate (28) and a plurality of guide slide rods (29), the connecting seat (27) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting hopper (5), each guide slide rod (29) is vertically fixedly connected to the connecting seat (27), the upper end of each guide slide rod (29) passes upward through the corresponding lifting platform (12), the No. 1 limit plate (28) is horizontally fixedly connected to the upper ends of the plurality of guide slide rods (29), and each supporting vertical plate (11) is fixedly provided with a No. 2 limit plate (30) located below the connecting seat (27).

9. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the lifting ring plate (6) is coaxially formed with a pressure ring (31) extending radially outward, and the pressure ring (31) is located above the lifting hopper (5). A retaining ring (32) is coaxially sleeved outside the lifting cylinder (1) above the pressure ring (31). The retaining ring (32) is fixedly connected to the lifting hopper (5) through a plurality of connecting plates (33) in a circular array. The top of the pressure ring (31) is formed with a plurality of limiting columns (34) in a circumferential array. Each limiting column (34) vertically passes through the retaining ring (32). Each limiting column (34) is sleeved with a No. 2 spring (35). The two ends of the No. 2 spring (35) respectively conflict with the retaining ring (32) and the pressure ring (31). The top of the pressure ring (31) is coaxially fixed with an inner ring (36) sleeved outside the lifting cylinder (1). A convex ring (37) located below the inner ring (36) is coaxially formed on the outer wall of the lower end of the lifting cylinder (1).

10. The fixed-point fertilization device based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conical rubber hose (38) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the lifting hopper (5), the large-diameter end of the conical rubber hose (38) faces upward, the small-diameter end of the conical rubber hose (38) faces downward and extends downward, and the inner diameter of the small-diameter end of the conical rubber hose (38) is smaller than the outer diameter of the lifting ring plate (6).

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