Breeding combine harvester and harvesting method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding combine harvester and a harvesting method thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, the breeding combine harvester comprises a walking device and a header, an elevator, a peeling device, an arraying device and a threshing device which are arranged on the walking device, and the header is used for harvesting clusters; the elevator is arranged between an outlet of the header and an inlet of the peeling device, and the elevator can transport clusters at the header to the peeling device; the peeling device is used for peeling the clusters to obtain polished clusters; the arraying device is arranged below the peeling device, the bare clusters in the peeling device can fall into the arraying device, and the arraying device can enable the bare clusters to be arranged in order; the threshing device is arranged below the arraying device, the bare clusters in the arraying device can fall into the threshing device, and the threshing device can thresh the bare clusters. During harvesting, various operations such as harvesting, picking, peeling, sorting and threshing can be continuously completed, the threshing effect and efficiency are improved, the harvesting efficiency is improved, and manual dependence is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a breeding combine harvester and a harvesting method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The plot breeding combine harvester is a key equipment for breeding modernization, and has a positive significance for shortening the breeding cycle and accelerating the breeding process. At present, the corn plot breeding in China has the characteristics of small field scale and various planting modes. The traditional plot breeding completes the sowing, harvesting and processing of each link of the plot test through semi-manual and semi-mechanical operation, which has high labor intensity, low mechanization degree and low work efficiency, and affects the accuracy and scientificity of the breeding test. At present, the corn plot breeding combine harvester developed in China can realize the mechanized harvesting of ears, but the mechanized harvesting level of corn kernels needs to be improved. At present, the ears are harvested by the harvester, and then the single ear threshing machine is used for threshing. The single ear threshing machine has good threshing effect, but it needs manual feeding of ears, which is not suitable for large-scale harvesting, and the work efficiency and mechanization degree need to be improved. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a breeding combine harvester and a harvesting method thereof to solve the problems of the prior art, improve the threshing effect and efficiency, greatly improve the harvesting efficiency, and reduce the dependence on manual labor.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present application provides a breeding combine harvester, which comprises a walking device and a cutting table, an elevator, a peeling device, a straightening device and a threshing device arranged on the walking device. The cutting table is used for harvesting ears. The elevator is arranged between the outlet of the cutting table and the inlet of the peeling device, and can transport the ears at the cutting table to the peeling device. The peeling device is used for peeling the ears to obtain light ears. The straightening device is arranged below the peeling device, and the light ears in the peeling device can fall into the straightening device. The straightening device can arrange the light ears in order. The threshing device is arranged below the straightening device, and the light ears in the straightening device can fall into the threshing device. The threshing device can thresh the light ears.

[0006] Preferably, the aligning device comprises an aligning housing, a baffle, an elastic component, a vibration exciter and a mounting frame, one end of the aligning housing is provided with a feeding port, the other end of the aligning housing is provided with a discharging port, at least one baffle is arranged at the discharging port of the aligning housing, each baffle extends from the discharging port to the feeding port; the mounting frame is arranged below the aligning housing; the elastic component is arranged between the aligning housing and the mounting frame; the vibration exciter is fixedly connected to the aligning housing, the vibration exciter can make the aligning housing vibrate, when the aligning housing vibrates, the fruit clusters in the aligning housing can move from the feeding port to the discharging port.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom wall of the aligning housing is a sieve surface, and a plurality of sieve holes are arranged on the sieve surface.

[0008] Preferably, the aligning housing comprises an aligning housing body and a slide plate, the upper part of one end of the aligning housing body is provided with the feeding port, the other end of the aligning housing body is provided with the discharging port; one end of the slide plate is fixedly connected to the end of the feeding port away from the discharging port, the other end of the slide plate extends towards the bottom wall of the aligning housing body close to the discharging port, and the other end of the slide plate is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the aligning housing body, the slide plate can make the fruit clusters move towards the discharging port under the action of vibration.

[0009] Preferably, the threshing device comprises at least one threshing unit, each threshing unit comprises a threshing housing, a first extrusion roller, a second extrusion roller and a guide roller arranged in the threshing housing, each threshing housing is provided with a light fruit cluster inlet and a cluster core discharging port located on one side of the light fruit cluster inlet; each guide roller is inclined downward on the side close to the corresponding cluster core discharging port; each first extrusion roller and the corresponding second extrusion roller are located on both sides of the corresponding guide roller, and an extrusion space is formed between each first extrusion roller, the corresponding second extrusion roller and the corresponding guide roller; the light fruit cluster can fall into the corresponding extrusion space from each light fruit cluster inlet, and the light fruit cluster can rotate and move along the corresponding guide roller towards the corresponding cluster core discharging port by rotating each first extrusion roller, the corresponding second extrusion roller and the corresponding guide roller around their own axes, and each first extrusion roller, the corresponding second extrusion roller and the corresponding guide roller can extrude and thresh the light fruit cluster.

[0010] Preferably, each of the threshing monomers further comprises an upper ball head connecting rod, a universal joint coupling and a buffer pad, the ball head end of each of the upper ball head connecting rods and one end of each of the universal joint couplings are connected with two ends of the same second extrusion roller respectively, the other end of each of the upper ball head connecting rods is rotationally connected with the threshing shell, and the other end of each of the universal joint couplings is connected with the corresponding threshing shell; the lower end of each of the threshing shells is provided with a grain and impurity outlet, one end of each of the buffer pads is fixedly connected at the corresponding grain and impurity outlet, and the other end of each of the buffer pads extends obliquely upward towards the sunflower head inlet.

[0011] Preferably, each of the first extrusion rollers is horizontally arranged, and one side of each of the first extrusion rollers close to the corresponding core discharge port is arranged downwardly inclined; the included angle between each of the guide rollers and the horizontal plane is smaller than the included angle between the corresponding first extrusion roller and the horizontal plane; the upper end of each of the threshing shells is provided with the sunflower head inlet; and the side wall of the lower end of each of the threshing shells away from the threshing inlet is provided with the core discharge port.

[0012] Preferably, the negative pressure cleaning device comprises a cleaning shell, a negative pressure fan, a partition net and a one-way partition plate arranged in the cleaning shell; the partition net divides the cleaning shell into a first cavity and a second cavity, the negative pressure fan is arranged in the first cavity; the upper end of the second cavity is provided with a grain and impurity inlet, the side of the second cavity away from the negative pressure fan is provided with an air inlet, the side of the lower end of the second cavity close to the air inlet is provided with a grain outlet, and the side of the lower end of the second cavity away from the air inlet is provided with an impurity discharge outlet; the upper end of the one-way partition plate is movably connected at the grain and impurity inlet of the cleaning shell, and the lower end of the one-way partition plate extends towards the end close to the negative pressure fan and close to the impurity discharge outlet; the one-way partition plate can rotate to the side close to the negative pressure fan under the action of a driving device and keep the position to open the channel between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge outlet, the driving device can adjust the rotation angle of the one-way partition plate to adjust the opening degree of the one-way partition plate, and the one-way partition plate can rotate to the side away from the negative pressure fan under the action of the driving device to close the channel between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge outlet; the grain and impurities in the threshing shell can enter the second cavity through the grain and impurity inlet.

[0013] Preferably, the negative pressure cleaning device comprises a cleaning shell, a negative pressure fan, a partition net and a one-way partition plate arranged in the cleaning shell; the partition net divides the cleaning shell into a first cavity and a second cavity, the negative pressure fan is arranged in the first cavity; the upper end of the second cavity is provided with a grain and impurity inlet, the side of the second cavity away from the negative pressure fan is provided with an air inlet, the side of the lower end of the second cavity close to the air inlet is provided with a grain outlet, and the side of the lower end of the second cavity away from the air inlet is provided with an impurity discharge outlet; the upper end of the one-way partition plate is movably connected at the grain and impurity inlet of the cleaning shell, and the lower end of the one-way partition plate extends towards the end close to the negative pressure fan and close to the impurity discharge outlet; the one-way partition plate can rotate to the side close to the negative pressure fan under the action of a driving device and keep the position to open the channel between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge outlet, the driving device can adjust the rotation angle of the one-way partition plate to adjust the opening degree of the one-way partition plate, and the one-way partition plate can rotate to the side away from the negative pressure fan under the action of the driving device to close the channel between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge outlet; the grain and impurities in the threshing shell can enter the second cavity through the grain and impurity inlet.

[0013] Preferably, the negative pressure cleaning device comprises a cleaning shell, a negative pressure fan, a partition net and a one-way partition plate arranged in the cleaning shell; the partition net divides the cleaning shell into a first cavity and a second cavity, the negative pressure fan is arranged in the first cavity; the upper end of the second cavity is provided with a grain and impurity inlet, the side of the second cavity away from the negative pressure fan is provided with an air inlet, the side of the lower end of the second cavity close to the air inlet is provided with a grain outlet, and the side of the lower end of the second cavity away from the air inlet is provided with an impurity discharge outlet; the upper end of the one-way partition plate is movably connected at the grain and impurity inlet of the cleaning shell, and the lower end of the one-way partition plate extends towards the end close to the negative pressure fan and close to the impurity discharge outlet; the one-way partition plate can rotate to the side close to the negative pressure fan under the action of a driving device and keep the position to open the channel between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge outlet, the driving device can adjust the rotation angle of the one-way partition plate to adjust the opening degree of the one-way partition plate, and the one-way partition plate can rotate to the side away from the negative pressure fan under the action of the driving device to close the channel between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge outlet; the grain and impurities in the threshing shell can enter the second cavity through the grain and impurity inlet.

[0014] The present application provides a breeding combine harvester based on the breeding combine harvester, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Harvesting the fruit clusters by the cutting platform; transporting the fruit clusters at the cutting platform to the peeling device by the elevator; peeling the fruit clusters by the peeling device to obtain the naked fruit clusters; after the naked fruit clusters in the peeling device fall into the aligning device, orderly arranging the naked fruit clusters by the aligning device; after the naked fruit clusters fall into the threshing device, threshing the naked fruit clusters by the threshing device.

[0016] The present application has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] The present application provides a breeding combine harvester and a harvesting method thereof, comprising a walking device and a cutting platform, an elevator, a peeling device, an aligning device and a threshing device arranged on the walking device, the cutting platform is used for harvesting fruit clusters; the elevator is arranged between the outlet of the cutting platform and the inlet of the peeling device, and the elevator can transport the fruit clusters at the cutting platform to the peeling device; the peeling device is used for peeling the fruit clusters to obtain naked fruit clusters; the aligning device is arranged below the peeling device, the naked fruit clusters in the peeling device can fall into the aligning device, and the aligning device can orderly arrange the naked fruit clusters; the threshing device is arranged below the aligning device, the naked fruit clusters in the aligning device can fall into the threshing device, and the threshing device can thresh the naked fruit clusters. The present application integrates harvesting, peeling and threshing, can complete multiple operations in the field at one time, can greatly improve the harvesting efficiency and reduce the dependence on manual labor. At the same time, the aligning device is used for arranging the fruit clusters before threshing, so that the fruit clusters can be orderly arranged in a set direction, the fruit clusters can enter the threshing device vertically, so as to facilitate the subsequent threshing and improve the threshing effect and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the breeding combine harvester provided for embodiment 1 is shown in the figure;

[0020] Figure 2 The front view of the aligning device provided for embodiment 1 is shown in the figure;

[0021] Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of the aligning device provided for embodiment 1 is shown in the figure;

[0022] Figure 4 Structure diagram of threshing device provided for example 1;

[0023] Figure 5 Spatial distribution diagram of threshing roller along ear along provided for example 1;

[0024] Figure 6 Structure diagram of negative pressure cleaning device provided for example 1;

[0025] Figure 7 Structure diagram of seed collecting bin provided for example 1;

[0026] Figure 8 Flow chart of breeding combine harvester harvesting method provided for example 1;

[0027] In the figure: 100, breeding combine harvester; 1, header; 2, cab; 3, elevator; 4, peeling device; 5, aligning device; 5-1, aligning housing; 5-2, feeding port; 5-3, spring mounting seat; 5-4, spring; 5-5, damping pad; 5-6, exciter; 5-7, exciter mounting seat; 5-8, mounting bracket; 5-9, grain outlet; 5-10, clean ear outlet; 5-11, baffle; 5-12, sieve surface; 5-13, slide plate; 6, threshing device; 6-1, threshing housing; 6-2, clean ear inlet; 6-3, upper ball joint connecting rod; 6-4, second extrusion roller; 6-5, first extrusion roller; 6-6, guide roller; 6-7, universal joint coupling; 6-8, core outlet; 6-9, grain and impurity outlet; 6-10, buffer pad; 6-11, push rod; 7, core collecting bin; 8, grain collecting bin; 8-1, grain inlet; 8-2, bin body; 8-3, weighing sensor; 8-4, bin door; 8-5, grain outlet; 8-6, observation window; 9, traveling device; 10, negative pressure cleaning device; 10-1, negative pressure fan; 10-2, partition net; 10-3, one-way partition; 10-4, grain and impurity inlet; 10-5, air inlet; 10-6, grain outlet; 10-7, impurity discharge outlet; 11, stalk smashing and returning device; 12, engine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "back", "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and other terms indicating direction or positional relationship are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is merely for the convenience of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In addition, it should also be noted that in the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "provided", "connected", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] The purpose of the present application is to provide a breeding combine harvester and a harvesting method thereof, to solve the problems existing in the prior art, to improve the threshing effect and efficiency, and to greatly improve the harvesting efficiency and reduce the dependence on manual labor.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] As Figures 1-7As shown, the embodiment provides a breeding combine harvester 100, which comprises a walking device 9 and a header 1, an elevator 3, a peeling device 4, a straightening device 5, and a threshing device 6 arranged on the walking device 9, the header 1 is used for harvesting fruit clusters; the elevator 3 is arranged between the outlet of the header 1 and the inlet of the peeling device 4, and the elevator 3 can transport the fruit clusters at the header 1 to the peeling device 4; the peeling device 4 is used for peeling the fruit clusters to obtain clean fruit clusters; the straightening device 5 is arranged below the peeling device 4, and the clean fruit clusters in the peeling device 4 can fall into the straightening device 5, and the straightening device 5 can orderly arrange the clean fruit clusters; the threshing device 6 is arranged below the straightening device 5, and the clean fruit clusters in the straightening device 5 can fall into the threshing device 6, and the threshing device 6 can thresh the clean fruit clusters. The embodiment integrates harvesting, peeling, and threshing, can complete multiple operations in the field at one time, can greatly improve the harvesting efficiency, and reduce the dependence on manual work. Meanwhile, the straightening device 5 is used for arranging the fruit clusters before threshing, so that the fruit clusters can be orderly arranged in a set direction, and the fruit clusters can enter the threshing device 6 vertically, so as to facilitate the subsequent threshing, and improve the threshing effect and efficiency.

[0035] In the specific embodiment, the straightening device 5 comprises a straightening shell 5-1, a material blocking plate 5-11, an elastic component, a vibration exciter 5-6, and a mounting bracket 5-8, one end of the straightening shell 5-1 is provided with a feeding port 5-2, the other end of the straightening shell 5-1 is provided with a discharging port, at least one material blocking plate 5-11 is arranged at the discharging port of the straightening shell 5-1, and each material blocking plate 5-11 extends from the discharging port to the feeding port 5-2; the mounting bracket 5-8 is arranged below the straightening shell 5-1; the elastic component is arranged between the straightening shell 5-1 and the mounting bracket 5-8; and the vibration exciter 5-6 is fixedly connected to the straightening shell 5-1, and the vibration exciter 5-6 can make the straightening shell 5-1 vibrate, so that the fruit clusters in the straightening shell 5-1 can move from the feeding port 5-2 to the discharging port when the straightening shell 5-1 vibrates.

[0036] In the specific embodiment, the bottom wall of the straightening shell 5-1 is a sieve surface 5-12, a plurality of sieve holes are arranged on the sieve surface 5-12, and the seeds can fall below the sieve surface 5-12 through the sieve holes. As a preferred embodiment, a collection shell is fixedly connected below the sieve surface 5-12, the seeds can fall into the collection shell through the sieve holes, and a seed outlet 5-9 is arranged on one side of the collection shell, and the seeds can be discharged from the seed outlet 5-9 under the action of vibration. More preferably, the inner bottom wall of the collection shell is downwardly inclined from the feeding port 5-2 to the seed outlet 5-9.

[0037] In the embodiment, the aligning shell 5-1 comprises an aligning shell body and a chute 5-13. The upper portion of one end of the aligning shell body is provided with a feeding port 5-2, and the other end of the aligning shell body is provided with a discharging port. One end of the chute 5-13 is fixedly connected to the end of the feeding port 5-2 away from the discharging port. The other end of the chute 5-13 extends towards the discharging port and the bottom wall of the aligning shell body. The other end of the chute 5-13 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the aligning shell body. The chute 5-13 can make the clusters move towards the discharging port under the action of vibration. The clusters falling on the inclined chute 5-13 will slide downwards towards the discharging port. In addition, the vibration of the shell body will make the clusters move faster towards the discharging port under the action of the exciting force.

[0038] In the embodiment, the aligning device 5 further comprises a spring mounting seat 5-3, a damping pad 5-5 and a vibrator mounting seat. The elastic component comprises four springs 5-4, and the four springs 5-4 are distributed in pairs at intervals. The two ends of each spring 5-4 are fixedly connected to two damping pads 5-5, respectively. The end of the damping pad 5-5 away from the corresponding spring 5-4 is fixedly connected to the spring mounting seat 5-3. The two spring mounting seats 5-3 at the two ends of each spring 5-4 are fixedly connected to the mounting frame 5-8 and the aligning shell body, respectively. The vibrator 5-6 is mounted on the aligning shell body 5-1 through the vibrator mounting seat. In operation, the clusters fall into the feeding port 5-2 from the peeling device 4, fall onto the sieve surface 5-12 along the chute 5-13, and the aligning shell body 5-1 is driven by the vibrator 5-6 to vibrate periodically, preferably, to vibrate approximately linearly upwards and forwards. The scattered clusters are transported forwards under the action of the exciting force and the friction force. The sieve holes in the sieve surface 5-12 can increase the friction force, so that a small part of the dropped kernels is collected by the kernel drop outlet 5-9. In the process of transporting the clusters forwards, the single clusters are arranged longitudinally under the action of the blocking plate 5-11, and then fall into the threshing device 6 from the cluster outlet 5-10 at the discharging port according to the multiple conveying channels.

[0039] In the specific embodiment, the threshing device 6 comprises at least one threshing unit, each threshing unit comprising a threshing shell 6-1 and a first squeezing roller 6-5, a second squeezing roller 6-4 and a guide roller 6-6 arranged in the threshing shell 6-1, each threshing shell 6-1 is provided with a fruit cluster inlet 6-2 and a cluster core discharge port 6-8 located on one side of the fruit cluster inlet 6-2; each guide roller 6-6 is arranged obliquely downward on the side close to the corresponding cluster core discharge port 6-8; each first squeezing roller 6-5 and the corresponding second squeezing roller 6-4 are respectively located on both sides of the corresponding guide roller 6-6, and a squeezing space is formed between each first squeezing roller 6-5, the corresponding second squeezing roller 6-4 and the corresponding guide roller 6-6; the fruit clusters can fall into the corresponding squeezing space through each fruit cluster inlet 6-2, and the rotation of each first squeezing roller 6-5, the corresponding second squeezing roller 6-4 and the corresponding guide roller 6-6 around their own axes can make the fruit clusters rotate and move along the corresponding guide roller 6-6 to the direction of the corresponding cluster core discharge port 6-8, and each first squeezing roller 6-5, the corresponding second squeezing roller 6-4 and the corresponding guide roller 6-6 can squeeze the fruit clusters to thresh the fruit clusters.

[0040] In the specific embodiment, each threshing unit further comprises an upper ball head connecting rod 6-3, a universal joint coupling 6-7 and a buffer pad 6-10, the ball head end of each upper ball head connecting rod 6-3 and one end of each universal joint coupling 6-7 are respectively connected with both ends of the same second squeezing roller 6-4 in rotation, so that the second squeezing roller 6-4 can rotate around its own axis; the other end of each upper ball head connecting rod 6-3 is connected with a fixed shaft on the threshing shell 6-1 in rotation, so that the distance between the second squeezing roller 6-4 and the guide roller 6-6 and the first squeezing roller 6-5 can be adaptively changed under the action of fruit clusters of different diameters, that is, the second squeezing roller 6-4 is a floating roller. The other end of each universal joint coupling 6-7 is connected with the corresponding threshing shell 6-1, preferably connected with the threshing shell 6-1 through a bearing; the lower end of each threshing shell 6-1 is provided with a grain and impurity outlet 6-9, one end of each buffer pad 6-10 is fixedly connected at the corresponding grain and impurity outlet 6-9, and the other end of each buffer pad 6-10 extends obliquely upward close to the fruit cluster inlet 6-2.

[0041] In the specific embodiment, the end of the guide roller 6-6 close to the cluster core discharge port 6-8 is a spiral section to form a push rod 6-11 to accelerate the discharge of the cluster core after threshing and avoid blockage.

[0042] In the specific embodiment, each first extrusion roller 6-5 is horizontally arranged, and each first extrusion roller 6-5 is arranged downwardly inclined to the side close to the corresponding cob discharge port 6-8. The angle between each guide roller 6-6 and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the corresponding first extrusion roller 6-5 and the horizontal plane. The upper end of each threshing shell 6-1 is provided with a fruit ear inlet 6-2. The sidewall of the lower end of each threshing shell 6-1 away from the threshing inlet is provided with a cob discharge port 6-8. The second extrusion roller 6-4, the first extrusion roller 6-5, and the guide roller 6-6 are staggered arranged to limit the freedom of the fruit ear entering the threshing space, so that the fruit ear is rubbed on one side while being pushed forward on the other side, and the corn kernels fall off and are separated from the cob during the pushing process. The second extrusion roller 6-4 is a floating roller, which can float upward when the diameter of the fruit ear is large, and can float downward when the diameter of the fruit ear is small, i.e., better adapt to the fruit ear of different diameters and better fit the fruit ear. The angle between the guide roller 6-6 and the horizontal plane is determined as 45° according to the static friction angle between the fruit ear and the roller material. During operation, the fruit ear falls into the threshing unit from a certain outlet channel of the whole column device 5, and the fruit ear rotates around its own axis by the friction force under the synergistic action of the second extrusion roller 6-4, the first extrusion roller 6-5, and the guide roller 6-6. The inclined angle converts part of the rotation force into axial thrust to realize the combined motion of rotation + forward movement of the fruit ear. The kernels are separated from the cob after being extruded by the second extrusion roller 6-4, the first extrusion roller 6-5, and the guide roller 6-6. The fallen corn kernels have a certain initial speed and will hit the threshing shell 6-1. To avoid damage to the corn kernels on the threshing shell 6-1, a buffer pad 6-10 is installed on the threshing shell 6-1, so that the fallen kernels hit the buffer pad 6-10 under the action of the initial speed, and then fall to the kernel and impurity outlet 6-9. After threshing, the corn cob is accelerated forward by the action of the pushing rod 6-11 and discharged from the cob discharge port 6-8; the kernels and impurities are discharged from the corn kernel and impurity outlet 6-9.

[0043] In the embodiment, the negative pressure cleaning device 10 includes a cleaning shell, a negative pressure fan 10-1, a partition net 10-2 and a one-way partition plate 10-3 arranged in the cleaning shell; the partition net 10-2 divides the cleaning shell into a first cavity and a second cavity, the negative pressure fan 10-1 is arranged in the first cavity; the second cavity is provided with a grain and impurity inlet 10-4 at the upper end, an air inlet 10-5 is arranged at the side of the second cavity away from the negative pressure fan 10-1, a grain outlet 10-6 is arranged at the side of the lower end of the second cavity close to the air inlet 10-5, and an impurity discharge outlet 10-7 is arranged at the side of the lower end of the second cavity away from the air inlet 10-5; the upper end of the one-way partition plate 10-3 is movably connected at the grain and impurity inlet 10-4 of the cleaning shell, and the lower end of the one-way partition plate 10-3 extends to the side close to the negative pressure fan 10-1 and close to the impurity discharge outlet 10-7; the one-way partition plate 10-3 can rotate to the side close to the negative pressure fan 10-1 under the action of a driving device and keep the position to open the channel between the grain and impurity inlet 10-4 and the impurity discharge outlet 10-7, the driving device can adjust the rotation angle of the one-way partition plate 10-3 to adjust the opening degree of the one-way partition plate 10-3, and the one-way partition plate 10-3 can rotate to the side away from the negative pressure fan 10-1 under the action of the driving device to close the channel between the grain and impurity inlet 10-4 and the impurity discharge outlet 10-7; the grain and impurities in the threshing shell 6-1 can enter the second cavity through the grain and impurity inlet 10-4. In operation, the corn grains and impurities enter from the grain and impurity inlet 10-4, the negative pressure fan 10-1 rotates at high speed to generate negative pressure, the negative pressure airflow enters from the air inlet 10-5, enters the first cavity from the partition net 10-2 and blows out. The falling grains and impurities are separated under the action of the negative pressure airflow due to different aerodynamic characteristics, the grains are discharged from the grain outlet 10-6 for collection, and the impurities are discharged from the impurity discharge outlet by the negative pressure airflow. In order to prevent the loss caused by the blown-out grains due to operation errors, the one-way partition plate 10-3 is arranged; and the opening degree of the one-way partition plate 10-3 can be controlled to adjust the airflow volume, and different opening degrees are selected to generate the airflow for cleaning when different varieties and moisture contents of corn are cleaned.

[0044] In the specific embodiment, a plurality of cob collection bins 7, a plurality of kernel collection bins 8 and a plurality of weighing sensors 8-3 are also included. Each cob collection bin 7 is arranged below the threshing device 6, and the cobs in the threshing device 6 can enter the cob collection bin 7; the kernels in the second cavity can enter the kernel collection bin 8; each cob collection bin 7 and each kernel collection bin 8 is provided with a weighing sensor. The cob collection bin 7 and the kernel collection bin 8 are each provided with a different independent bin body. When different plots are harvested, the kernels and cobs of different plots can be respectively stored in the corresponding independent bin bodies, thereby avoiding variety mixing. The cob collection bin 7 and the kernel collection bin 8 have the same structure. Taking the kernel collection bin 8 as an example, it mainly includes a kernel inlet 8-1, a bin body 8-2, a weighing sensor 8-3, a bin door 8-4, a kernel outlet 8-5 and an observation window 8-6. During operation, the kernels enter one or more bin bodies 8-2 through the kernel inlet 8-1; as the corn kernels enter, the weighing sensor 8-3 converts the weight signal of the corn kernels into an electrical signal, and counts the weight of the corn kernels entering the bin. After the operation of a certain experimental plot or a certain variety of corn, it is necessary to perform an empty load operation to collect and empty the corn kernels and cobs scattered in the mechanical structure, and then perform the operation of the next experimental plot / next variety. At this time, the kernels enter other bin bodies 8-2 through the kernel inlet 8-1, but do not enter the bin bodies 8-2 used in the last operation, thereby avoiding variety mixing. When unloading, the bin doors 8-4 are opened one by one, and the kernels of the corresponding plot are collected in turn. Whether there are residual kernels in the bin can be observed through the observation window 8-6.

[0045] In the specific embodiment, the traveling device 9 is driven to travel by the engine 12. The traveling device 9 is provided with a cab 2.

[0046] In the specific embodiment, a straw crushing and returning device 11 is also included, which is arranged on the traveling device 9 and is used for returning the straw.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] As shown in Figure 8 , the breeding combine harvester harvesting method based on the breeding combine harvester 100 in Example 1 includes the following steps:

[0049] The ears are harvested by the header 1; the ears at the header 1 are transported to the husking device 4 by the elevator 3; the husking device 4 husks the ears to obtain the naked ears; after the naked ears in the husking device 4 fall into the aligning device 5, the aligning device 5 orderly arranges the naked ears; after the naked ears fall into the threshing device 6, the threshing device 6 threshes the naked ears.

[0050] In the specific embodiment, the breeding combine harvester 100 harvesting method is as shown in Figure 8As shown, firstly, the corn ear is picked by the cutting platform 1, then is transported to the peeling device 4 by the elevator 3 to be peeled, the bract is discharged, the peeled naked ear then enters the aligning device 5, the corn ear is orderly transported along different channels, then enters the threshing device 6; the threshing device 6 extrudes the ear to realize threshing; the complete core enters the core collecting bin 7 to be collected, the kernel and impurities pass through the negative pressure cleaning device 10, the impurities are discharged, and the kernel enters the kernel collecting bin 8 to be collected.

[0051] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by applying specific examples in the present application, and the above embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for the general skilled person in the art, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed according to the idea of the present application. In conclusion, the content of the present application should not be understood as the limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A breeding combine harvester, characterized in that: The invention comprises a traveling device and a cutting platform, an elevator, a peeling device, a rowing device, and a threshing device arranged on the traveling device. The cutting platform is used to harvest fruit ears. The elevator is arranged between the outlet of the cutting platform and the inlet of the peeling device. The elevator can transport the fruit ears at the cutting platform to the peeling device. The peeling device is used to peel the fruit ears to obtain bare fruit ears; The straightening device is arranged below the peeling device, and the light fruit ears in the peeling device can fall into the straightening device, and the straightening device can arrange the light fruit ears in an orderly manner; the threshing device is arranged below the straightening device, and the light fruit ears in the straightening device can fall into the threshing device, and the threshing device can thresh the light fruit ears.

2. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arranging device includes an arranging shell, a baffle plate, an elastic component, an exciter and a mounting frame. A feeding port is provided at one end of the arranging shell, and a discharge port is provided at the other end of the arranging shell. At least one baffle plate is provided at the discharge port of the arranging shell, and each baffle plate extends from the discharge port toward the feeding port; the mounting frame is provided below the arranging shell; an elastic component is provided between the arranging shell and the mounting frame; the exciter is fixedly connected to the arranging shell, and the exciter can make the arranging shell vibrate, and when the arranging shell vibrates, the fruit ears in the arranging shell can move from the feeding port to the discharge port.

3. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the entire shell is a screen surface, and a plurality of screen holes are provided on the screen surface.

4. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The whole-row shell includes a whole-row shell body and a slide. The feeding port is provided at the upper part of one end of the whole-row shell body, and the discharge port is provided at the other end of the whole-row shell body; one end of the slide is fixedly connected to the end of the feeding port away from the discharge port, and the other end of the slide extends toward the discharge port and the bottom wall of the whole-row shell body. The other end of the slide is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the whole-row shell body, and the slide can make the fruit ears move toward the discharge port under the action of vibration.

5. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threshing device has at least one threshing unit, each of which includes a threshing shell and a first squeezing roller, a second squeezing roller, and a guide roller arranged in the threshing shell. Each threshing shell is provided with a light ear inlet and an ear core discharge port located on one side of the light ear inlet; each guide roller is inclined downward on the side close to the corresponding ear core discharge port; each first squeezing roller and the corresponding second squeezing roller are respectively located on both sides of the corresponding guide roller, and a squeezing space is formed between each first squeezing roller, the corresponding second squeezing roller and the corresponding guide roller; the light ear can fall from each light ear inlet to the corresponding squeezing space, and by making each first squeezing roller, the corresponding second squeezing roller and the corresponding guide roller rotate around their own axes, the light ear can rotate and move along the corresponding guide roller toward the corresponding ear core discharge port, and each first squeezing roller, the corresponding second squeezing roller and the corresponding guide roller can squeeze the light ear to thresh the light ear.

6. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the threshing units also includes an upper ball connecting rod, a universal joint coupling and a buffer pad. The ball end of each upper ball connecting rod and one end of each universal joint coupling are respectively connected to the two ends of the same second squeezing roller, the other end of each upper ball connecting rod is rotatably connected to the threshing shell, and the other end of each universal joint coupling is connected to the corresponding threshing shell; the lower end of each threshing shell is provided with a grain and impurity outlet, one end of each buffer pad is fixedly connected to the corresponding grain and impurity outlet, and the other end of each buffer pad extends obliquely upward near the light fruit ear inlet.

7. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the first squeezing rollers is arranged horizontally, and the side of each of the first squeezing rollers close to the corresponding ear core discharge port is inclined downward; the angle between each of the guide rollers and the horizontal plane is smaller than the angle between the corresponding first squeezing roller and the horizontal plane; the upper end of each of the threshing shells is provided with the light ear inlet; the side wall of the lower end of each of the threshing shells away from the threshing inlet is provided with the ear core discharge port.

8. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also includes a negative pressure cleaning device, which includes a cleaning shell and a negative pressure fan, a partition net and a one-way partition plate arranged in the cleaning shell; the partition net separates the cleaning shell into a first cavity and a second cavity, the negative pressure fan is arranged in the first cavity; the upper end of the second cavity is provided with a grain and impurity inlet, the side of the second cavity away from the negative pressure fan is provided with an air inlet, the lower end of the second cavity is close to the air inlet and is provided with a grain outlet, and the lower end of the second cavity is away from the air inlet and is provided with an impurity discharge outlet; the upper end of the one-way partition plate is movably connected to the grain and impurity inlet of the cleaning shell, The lower end of the one-way partition extends toward an end close to the negative pressure fan and close to the impurity discharge port; the one-way partition can be rotated toward the side close to the negative pressure fan and maintained in position under the action of the driving device to open the passage between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge port, the driving device can adjust the rotation angle of the one-way partition to adjust the opening degree of the one-way partition, and the one-way partition can be rotated toward the side away from the negative pressure fan under the action of the driving device to close the passage between the grain and impurity inlet and the impurity discharge port; the grains and impurities in the threshing shell can enter the second cavity through the grain and impurity inlet.

9. The breeding combine harvester according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes multiple ear core collection bins, multiple grain collection bins and multiple weighing sensors. Each of the ear core collection bins is arranged below the threshing device, and the ear cores in the threshing device can enter the ear core collection bin; the grains in the second cavity can enter the grain collection bin; each of the ear core collection bins and each of the grain collection bins is provided with the weighing sensor.

10. A breeding combine harvester harvesting method based on the breeding combine harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: The fruit ears are harvested by the cutting platform; the fruit ears at the cutting platform are transported to the peeling device by the elevator; the fruit ears are peeled by the peeling device to obtain light fruit ears; after the light fruit ears in the peeling device fall into the arranging device, the light fruit ears are arranged in an orderly manner by the arranging device; after the light fruit ears fall into the threshing device, the light fruit ears are threshed by the threshing device.

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