Double-groove stubble-pressing soilless culture method for cigars in greenhouse

Abstract

The invention relates to a greenhouse cigar double-groove stubble-pressing soilless culture method, and belongs to the technical field of cigar planting, a first groove and a second groove are formed in a greenhouse, double-groove alternate planting is carried out, and four-season efficient cultivation is completed. According to the method, a stubble pressing system is constructed through double-groove alternate planting, the'transplanting-harvesting 'period of each stubble is strictly controlled to be 50 days, accurate alternate planting is conducted, and efficient production in four seasons is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of cigar planting, and particularly relates to a double-slot press-over soilless cultivation method for greenhouse cigar. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional cigar planting is mostly in a single-slot single crop mode, which has problems such as low re-planting index (1-2 crops per year), insufficient land utilization, and prominent continuous cropping obstacles. Although greenhouse cultivation can improve the growth environment, the conventional planting does not form a press-over system of "double-slot alternation + precise cycle", resulting in long planting interval, serious resource waste, and difficulty in meeting the continuous demand of the market for high-quality cigar raw materials. The existing soilless cultivation technology does not design time nodes for the harvesting characteristics of the second-below-stand tobacco leaves, and cannot realize efficient four-season planting. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a double-slot press-over soilless cultivation method for greenhouse cigar. The present application constructs a press-over system through double-slot alternate planting, strictly controls the "transplanting-harvesting" cycle of each crop to be 50 days, and realizes efficient four-season production through precise alternate planting.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve the problems existing in the prior art is:

[0005] A double-slot press-over soilless cultivation method for greenhouse cigar, wherein a No. 1 slot and a No. 2 slot are provided inside a greenhouse for double-slot alternate planting, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0006] S01, first crop planting: transplanting cigar seedlings in the No. 1 slot of the greenhouse in mid-February;

[0007] harvesting the second-below-stand tobacco leaves of the crop in early April; after the harvesting is completed, cleaning up the residual plants in the No. 1 slot and sterilizing the substrate;

[0008] S02, second crop planting: after the harvesting of the first crop is completed, transplanting cigar seedlings in the No. 2 slot of the greenhouse in mid-April to realize press-over connection with the first crop;

[0009] harvesting the second-below-stand tobacco leaves of the crop in early June; after the harvesting is completed, cleaning up the residual plants in the No. 2 slot and sterilizing the substrate;

[0010] S03, third crop planting: after the harvesting of the second crop is completed, transplanting cigar seedlings in the No. 1 slot in mid-June; harvesting the second-below-stand tobacco leaves of the crop in early August; after the harvesting is completed, cleaning up the residual plants in the No. 1 slot and sterilizing the substrate;

[0011] S04. The fourth planting: After the third harvest is completed, clean the residual plants in trough No. 2 and disinfect the substrate, and transplant the cigar seedlings in trough No. 2 in mid-August; harvest the tobacco leaves from the lower two sheds of this crop of cigars in early October. After the harvest is completed, clean the residual plants in trough No. 2 and disinfect the substrate to complete the four-season efficient cultivation.

[0012] Preferably, both No. 1 and No. 2 troughs are used to transplant cigar seedlings using a soilless substrate cultivation method.

[0013] Preferably, the soilless matrix is ​​a mixed matrix, which is formed by mixing peat, vermiculite, perlite and decomposed sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 3:2:1:1.

[0014] Preferably, the soilless substrate is sterilized at a high temperature of 60-80° C. or fumigated before use and during the interval between each planting.

[0015] Preferably, the environmental control parameters in the greenhouse are regulated in stages according to the growth period:

[0016] During the seedling stage, the daytime temperature is 25-28℃, the nighttime temperature is 20-22℃, and the relative humidity is 70-75%;

[0017] During the growth period, the daytime temperature should be 28-32°C, the nighttime temperature should be 22-24°C, and the relative humidity should be 65-70%. If the light is insufficient, blue LED light can be added daily, with a lighting duration of at least 9 hours.

[0018] During the early harvest period, the daytime temperature should be 26-30°C, the nighttime temperature should be 18-20°C, the relative humidity should be 60-65%, and the daily sunlight duration should be no less than 10 hours.

[0019] Preferably, when transplanting each crop of cigar tobacco, the seedlings are 40-45 days old, the row spacing between No. 1 and No. 2 troughs is 40 cm×60 cm, the transplanting density of a single trough is 1000-1100 plants / mu, and the total density of a double trough is 2000-2200 plants / mu.

[0020] Preferably, after transplanting each crop of cigars, drip irrigation is used for water and fertilizer management, and the nutrient solution formula is a water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 1:1.2:1.5, and chelated calcium and magnesium are added.

[0021] Preferably, the frequency of water and fertilizer drip irrigation during each growth period of cigar is:

[0022] During the seedling stage, drip irrigation should be applied 1-2 times a week, with a dosage of 8-10L / mu each time;

[0023] During the growing season, drip irrigation should be carried out 3 times a week, with a dosage of 12-15L / mu each time; in the early stage of harvest, drip irrigation should be carried out 2 times a week, with a dosage of 10-12L / mu each time.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The present invention constructs a cropping system by alternating planting in two troughs, No. 1 and No. 2, and strictly controls the "transplanting-harvesting" cycle of each crop to 50 days. The troughs are recycled by cleaning the residual plants and disinfecting the substrate. The four seasons are connected according to the prescribed timeline; and the quality of each crop of cigar tobacco is guaranteed by combining phased environmental control and dynamic water and fertilizer management.

[0026] (2) Through the four-season planting in double troughs, the annual multiple cropping index is increased to 4 crops, and the greenhouse utilization rate is increased by 300% compared with the traditional model; overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping: alternating planting in double troughs and high-temperature disinfection of the substrate can completely avoid the problem of microbial imbalance caused by continuous cropping; stabilizing the production cycle: precise cycle control of 50 days per crop can achieve a continuous supply of tobacco leaves; saving resources: the reuse of the substrate can reduce costs by 30%, and the zoning management of double troughs can reduce the waste of water and fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The double-trough stubble soilless cultivation method for greenhouse cigars of the present application is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but is not intended to limit the present application.

[0028] A method for cultivating cigar tobacco in a greenhouse with double-slotted soilless cultivation, wherein two slots, No. 1 and No. 2, are provided inside the greenhouse. The two slots are 40 cm wide and 20 cm deep, and the spacing between the slots is 80 cm. The two slots are alternately planted. The method includes the following steps:

[0029] S01. First planting:

[0030] In mid-February, cigar tobacco seedlings were transplanted in trough No. 1 of the greenhouse using soilless substrate cultivation. 50 days after planting, the tobacco leaves from the lower two sheds of this crop of cigar tobacco were harvested in early April. 30 days after the harvest, the remaining plants in trough No. 1 were cleaned and the substrate was disinfected.

[0031] S02, Second Planting:

[0032] After the first harvest was completed, cigar tobacco seedlings were transplanted in trough No. 2 of the greenhouse using the same soilless substrate cultivation method in mid-April to achieve a continuous connection with the first crop; 50 days after planting, the tobacco leaves of the next two sheds of this crop of cigar tobacco were harvested in early June. The harvest was completed 30 days later, the remaining plants in trough No. 2 were cleaned and the substrate was disinfected.

[0033] S03, the third planting:

[0034] After the second harvest is completed, cigar tobacco seedlings are transplanted in trough No. 1 in mid-June; 50 days after planting, the tobacco leaves from the second shed of this crop of cigar tobacco are harvested in early August. The harvest is completed after 30 days, and the residual plants in trough No. 1 are cleaned and the substrate is disinfected.

[0035] S04, the fourth planting:

[0036] After the third harvest is completed, the residual plants in trough No. 2 are cleaned and the substrate is disinfected, and the cigar seedlings are transplanted in trough No. 2 in mid-August; 50 days after planting, the tobacco leaves from the lower two sheds of this crop of cigars are harvested in early October. The harvest is completed after 30 days, the residual plants in trough No. 2 are cleaned and the substrate is disinfected, completing efficient cultivation throughout the four seasons.

[0037] The soilless substrate is a mixed substrate composed of peat, vermiculite, perlite, and decomposed bagasse in a mass ratio of 3:2:1:1. Water is added to adjust the moisture content to 60%. The substrate is sterilized or fumigated at 60-80°C before use and between plantings. Specifically, it can be sterilized at 55°C for 24 hours before being placed in tanks 1 and 2.

[0038] Seven days before transplanting cigar tobacco seedlings, spray 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder in the greenhouse for disinfection, and check the temperature control, drip irrigation and lighting systems.

[0039] The environmental control parameters in the greenhouse are regulated in stages according to the growth period: in the seedling stage (1-20 days after transplanting), the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, the nighttime temperature is 20-22°C, and the relative humidity is 70-75%; in the growth period (21-40 days after transplanting), the daytime temperature is 28-32°C, the nighttime temperature is 22-24°C, and the relative humidity is 65-70%. When the light is insufficient, blue light LED light can be supplemented daily, and the lighting time is not less than 9 hours; in the early harvest period (41-50 days after transplanting), the daytime temperature is 26-30°C, the nighttime temperature is 18-20°C, the relative humidity is 60-65%, and the daily lighting time is not less than 10 hours.

[0040] When transplanting each crop of cigar tobacco, the seedlings are 40-45 days old. Select strong cigar seedlings. The row spacing between troughs No. 1 and No. 2 is 40cm×60cm. The transplanting density of a single trough is 1000-1100 plants / mu, and the total density of double troughs is 2000-2200 plants / mu.

[0041] After transplanting, drip irrigation is applied with rooting water (containing 0.2% compound fertilizer).

[0042] After transplanting each crop of cigars, drip irrigation is used for water and fertilizer management. The nutrient solution formula is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium =

[0043] 1:1.2:1.5 water-soluble fertilizer, and add chelated calcium magnesium; drip irrigation 1-2 times a week during the seedling stage, each time the dosage is 8-10L / mu; drip irrigation 3 times a week during the growth period, each time the dosage is 12-15L / mu; drip irrigation 2 times a week in the early stage of harvest, each time the dosage is 10-12L / mu.

[0044] This planting method, which follows a timeline of "transplanting in trough 1 in mid-February → harvesting in early April → transplanting in trough 2 in mid-April → harvesting in early June → transplanting in trough 1 in mid-June → harvesting in early August → transplanting in trough 2 in mid-August → harvesting in early October," achieves a seamless transition between the four seasons. This method increases greenhouse cigar tobacco yield by over 200% compared to traditional cultivation, with significantly improved quality consistency. With four crops per year, greenhouse utilization increases by 300%, breaking the time constraints of traditional single-trough cultivation.

[0045] Double-trough four-season planting increases the annual cigar tobacco yield by 200% compared with traditional single-crop planting. Based on an acreage yield of 80kg / crop (with a corresponding reduction in planting density) and a market price of 120 yuan / kg, the annual income per acre can reach 80×4×120-80×1×120=28,800 yuan.

[0046] Reusing the substrate reduces costs by 30%, reducing pests and diseases and saving 25% of pesticide input, saving about 1,500 yuan per mu per year.

[0047] Technology transfer, trough transformation services, etc. can generate sustainable income, and after large-scale promotion, the annual comprehensive benefit per mu will exceed 30,000 yuan.

[0048] Dual-trough reuse reduces land use by 30%, and drip irrigation technology saves 35% of water, reducing water consumption compared to traditional planting. Pesticide use is reduced by 25%, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution and aligning with the development of green agriculture. This alleviates the shortage of high-quality raw materials for cigars and helps domestic cigar brands increase their market share.

[0049] The above describes the implementation methods of the present application in detail in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to the above implementation methods. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present application.

Claims

1. A double-trough soilless cultivation method for greenhouse cigar tobacco, characterized by: There are troughs 1 and 2 inside the greenhouse, and double-trough alternating planting is carried out, which specifically includes the following steps: S01, First planting: Transplant cigar tobacco seedlings in trough No. 1 of the greenhouse in mid-February; In early April, the tobacco leaves from the second shed of this crop of cigars were harvested. After harvesting, the residual plants in trough No. 1 were cleaned and the substrate was disinfected. S02, Second crop planting: After the first crop is harvested, cigar tobacco seedlings are transplanted into trough No. 2 in the greenhouse in mid-April to connect with the first crop; In early June, the tobacco leaves from the second shed of this crop of cigars were harvested. After harvesting, the residual plants in the No. 2 trough were cleaned and the substrate was disinfected. S03, third crop planting: after the second crop is harvested, transplant the cigar seedlings in the No. 1 trough in mid-June; harvest the tobacco leaves from the second shed of this crop in early August. After harvesting, clean the residual plants in the No. 1 trough and disinfect the substrate; S04. The fourth planting: After the third harvest is completed, clean the residual plants in trough No. 2 and disinfect the substrate, and transplant the cigar seedlings in trough No. 2 in mid-August; harvest the tobacco leaves from the lower two sheds of this crop of cigars in early October. After the harvest is completed, clean the residual plants in trough No. 2 and disinfect the substrate to complete the four-season efficient cultivation.

2. The method for growing cigars in a greenhouse in a double-slot stubble-stubbled soilless manner according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both No. 1 and No. 2 troughs use soilless substrate cultivation to transplant cigar tobacco seedlings.

3. The method for growing cigars in greenhouses in double-slot stubble-stubble soilless cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soilless matrix is ​​a mixed matrix, which is prepared by mixing peat, vermiculite, perlite and decomposed bagasse in a mass ratio of 3:2:1:

1.

4. A double-trough soilless cultivation method for greenhouse cigars according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: Before using the soilless substrate and during the interval between each planting, the soilless substrate should be sterilized at 60-80℃ or fumigated.

5. The method for growing cigars in greenhouses in double-slot stubble-stubble soilless cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The environmental control parameters in the greenhouse are regulated in stages according to the growth period: During the seedling stage, the daytime temperature is 25-28℃, the nighttime temperature is 20-22℃, and the relative humidity is 70-75%; During the growth period, the daytime temperature should be 28-32°C, the nighttime temperature should be 22-24°C, and the relative humidity should be 65-70%. If the light is insufficient, blue LED light can be added daily, with a lighting duration of at least 9 hours. During the early harvest period, the daytime temperature should be 26-30°C, the nighttime temperature should be 18-20°C, the relative humidity should be 60-65%, and the daily sunlight duration should be no less than 10 hours.

6. A method for soilless cultivation of cigars in greenhouses with double troughs and stubble according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that: When transplanting each crop of cigar tobacco, the seedlings are 40-45 days old, the row spacing between troughs 1 and 2 is 40cm×60cm, the transplanting density of a single trough is 1000-1100 plants / mu, and the total density of double troughs is 2000-2200 plants / mu.

7. A double-trough soilless cultivation method for greenhouse cigars according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that: After transplanting each crop of cigar tobacco, drip irrigation is used for water and fertilizer management. The nutrient solution formula is a water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 1:1.2:1.5, and chelated calcium and magnesium are added.

8. The method for growing cigars in greenhouses in double-slot stubble-stubble soilless cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The frequency of water and fertilizer drip irrigation during each growth period of cigar is: During the seedling stage, drip irrigation should be applied 1-2 times a week, with a dosage of 8-10L / mu each time; During the growing season, drip irrigation should be carried out 3 times a week, with a dosage of 12-15L / mu each time; in the early stage of harvest, drip irrigation should be carried out 2 times a week, with a dosage of 10-12L / mu each time.