Ecological construction conservation structure for canal tributaries and bent sections

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological protection, and discloses an ecological building and conservation structure for canal tributaries and bent sections, which comprises a wetland main body, a closure wall body is arranged in a low-lying area of the wetland main body, a plurality of water turbine mechanisms are arranged on the inner side of the closure wall body, board blocking walls are arranged on two sides of the low-lying area of the wetland main body, and a plurality of water turbine mechanisms are arranged on the lower side of the wetland main body. A water drainage groove is formed in the upper portion of the wetland body, a water drainage mechanism is arranged in the water drainage groove, and a detection assembly is arranged on the surface of the wetland body; a water flow layer, a sandy soil layer, second water seepage geotechnical cloth and a second coarse gravel layer are arranged in the low-lying area of the wetland main body from outside to inside. Through combination of the water turbine mechanism and the filtering system, optimization of isolation of soil and water, the intelligent sensor and the central control system, the wetland water quality purification efficiency is improved, automatic adjustment of water flow and water quality is realized, and self-restoration of a wetland ecological system is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological protection, and in particular to an ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bend sections. Background Art

[0002] Wetland protection and water purification have always been crucial issues in the wetland ecosystems surrounding canal tributaries and bends. Wetlands are not only key components of the natural water cycle but also serve as habitats for a variety of aquatic organisms, fulfilling important ecological functions for their surroundings. However, with accelerating urbanization, wetlands are increasingly facing challenges such as water pollution, ecological damage, and poor water flow, all of which threaten their ecological health. Therefore, protecting these wetland environments and ensuring the continued purification of their water quality have become urgent issues.

[0003] Without an effective water purification system, wetlands face major challenges: water pollution and siltation. Traditional wetland water purification often relies on external equipment, such as pumps and chemical treatment units, to regulate water flow and cleanse the water. While these methods can remove pollutants from the water in the short term, they struggle to maintain wetland ecological balance and require ongoing human intervention and equipment maintenance. Furthermore, external equipment consumes significant energy and has high operating costs. Any equipment failure can severely impact the wetland's water purification capacity, further impacting the stability of the wetland ecosystem.

[0004] Existing automated wetland regulation systems often rely on single sensors (such as water level monitoring alone) or simple feedback mechanisms with fixed thresholds. These systems struggle to dynamically coordinate and control multi-dimensional data such as water quality, flow rate, and humidity. Consequently, even when heavy rain causes a surge in suspended solids, the drainage system continues to discharge water at a fixed rate, exacerbating downstream pollution. Furthermore, traditional filter structures utilize a homogeneous gravel layer, which is prone to clogging with particulate matter over long periods of operation, leading to a decrease in permeability and requiring frequent manual cleaning, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention proposes an ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bend sections to address the deficiencies of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an ecological construction and conservation structure for canal tributaries and bend sections, which solves the problems of frequent artificial intervention in wetlands and poor isolation between water flow and soil.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an ecological construction and conservation structure for canal tributaries and bend sections, comprising a wetland main body, a diversion wall is provided in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland main body, a plurality of turbine mechanisms are provided on the inner side of the diversion wall, baffle walls are provided on both sides of the low-lying area of ​​the wetland main body, and the baffle walls are provided at the water inlets of the plurality of turbine mechanisms, a drainage trough is provided on the upper part of the wetland main body, a drainage mechanism is provided inside the drainage trough, a detection component is provided on the surface of the wetland main body, a water flow layer, a sandy soil layer, a second permeable geotextile and a second coarse gravel layer are provided in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland main body from the outside to the inside, a third permeable geotextile is also provided at the bottom of the second coarse gravel layer, a permeable concrete layer is provided at the bottom of the third permeable geotextile, a plant frame is also provided in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland main body, a plurality of partition nets are provided inside the plant frame, and a wetland plant belt is also provided at the high part of the wetland main body.

[0008] Preferably, the drainage mechanism includes a drainage frame, which is arranged on the inner side of the drainage trough. The inner side of the drainage frame is provided with a coarse gravel layer, a fine gravel layer and a permeable geotextile from the outside to the inside, and a microporous drainage pipe is also provided at the bottom of the permeable geotextile.

[0009] Preferably, the turbine mechanism includes a turbine body, which is arranged on a diversion wall in a low-lying area of ​​the wetland body, and a filter frame is provided at the output end of the turbine body, and a plurality of baffle blocks are equidistantly provided on the inner side of the filter frame, and a plurality of activated carbon plates are provided between the baffle blocks, and the tops of the activated carbon plates are provided with convex grooves, and the inner sides of the convex grooves are engaged with convex blocks, and upper covers are provided between the tops of the convex blocks, and the tops of the upper covers are provided with handles, and the outer side of the upper cover is connected to the outer side of the filter frame by a plurality of buckles, and a water outlet hopper is provided on the side of the filter frame away from the turbine body.

[0010] Preferably, the detection component includes a water level sensor, a water quality sensor, a flow rate sensor and a humidity sensor. The water level sensor and flow rate sensor are arranged in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body, the water quality sensor is arranged on the lower side of the plant frame and at the water outlet of the turbine mechanism, and the humidity sensor is arranged in the wetland plant belt of the wetland body. The water level sensor, water quality sensor, flow rate sensor and humidity sensor transmit the collected data to the central control system.

[0011] Preferably, the microporous drainage pipe in the drainage mechanism adopts a flow-adjustable pipe design to adjust the drainage volume of the wetland according to water level changes.

[0012] Preferably, the second coarse gravel layer is filled with a specially designed submerged plant root matrix to enhance the growth of aquatic plants.

[0013] Preferably, the second coarse gravel layer uses gravels of different sizes to promote uniform penetration of water flow and prevent clogging by fine particles of soil.

[0014] Preferably, the second and third permeable geotextiles are made of high-strength polyester material and are used for isolation between soil and water.

[0015] Preferably, the central control system includes:

[0016] Monitoring module: It is used to transmit the data collected by the water level sensor, water quality sensor, flow rate sensor and humidity sensor to the central control system;

[0017] Analysis module: It analyzes the data collected in the central control system through the data processing unit;

[0018] Feedback module: According to the analysis results provided by the analysis module, the water flow, water quality and humidity of the wetland plant belt are adjusted.

[0019] The present invention provides an ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention adopts a technical solution that combines a turbine mechanism with a filtration system, achieving the technical effect of purifying water by driving the filter frame through the turbine. Compared with the water purification methods in the existing technology that rely on traditional chemical methods or manual intervention, this technical solution directly drives the filtration system through the kinetic energy of water, effectively improving the water purification efficiency, while reducing external intervention and ensuring the natural circulation and self-repair ability of the wetland system.

[0021] 2. The present invention adopts a multi-layer soil and water isolation system, including a technical solution of permeable geotextile and coarse gravel layer, which achieves the technical effect of improving the permeability of wetland water flow and preventing water and soil mixing; compared with the existing technology that fails to fully solve the problem of soil and water isolation, this technical solution effectively prevents the loss of soil particles by optimizing the soil layer structure, maintains the stability of water quality, and ensures the smooth flow of wetland water and the long-term effectiveness of water purification function.

[0022] 3. The present invention adopts a technical solution of sensor detection and central control system to monitor the status of wetlands, achieving the technical effect of real-time monitoring of the wetland environment and automatic adjustment of water flow and water quality. Compared with the management method of manual intervention in the existing technology, this technical solution realizes automated and intelligent wetland water quality and ecological status regulation, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of wetland management, while reducing errors in human operations and ensuring the continued healthy operation of the wetland ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1A perspective view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A top view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a side view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Partial expansion diagram of the water turbine mechanism;

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Side view of the water turbine mechanism;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the main blade of the turbine of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of the central control system of the present invention.

[0031] Among them: 1. Wetland body; 2. Drainage trough; 3. Permeable concrete layer; 4. Drainage mechanism; 401. Drainage frame; 402. Coarse gravel layer 1; 403. Fine gravel layer; 404. Permeable geotextile 1; 405. Microporous drainage pipe; 5. Coarse gravel layer 2; 6. Permeable geotextile 2; 7. Sandy soil layer; 8. Water flow layer; 9. Turbine mechanism; 901. Turbine body; 902. Filter frame ; 903, water outlet hopper; 904, activated carbon plate; 905, upper cover; 906, baffle block; 907, convex groove; 908, convex block; 909, handle; 10, permeable geotextile III; 11, wetland plant belt; 12, water level sensor; 13, plant frame; 14, water quality sensor; 15, flow rate sensor; 16, humidity sensor; 17, partition; 18, interception wall; 19, baffle wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3The embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bend sections, including a wetland body 1. A diversion wall 18 is provided in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1. A plurality of turbine mechanisms 9 are provided on the inner side of the diversion wall 18. Baffle walls 19 are provided on both sides of the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1, and the baffle walls 19 are provided at the water inlets of the plurality of turbine mechanisms 9. A drainage trough 2 is provided on the upper part of the wetland body 1. A drainage mechanism 4 is provided inside the drainage trough 2. A detection component is provided on the surface of the wetland body 1. The low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1 is provided with a water flow layer 8, a sandy soil layer 7, a permeable geotextile 6 and a coarse gravel layer 5 from the outside to the inside. The coarse gravel layer 5 is filled with a specially designed submerged plant root matrix. To enhance the growth of aquatic plants, a water-permeable geotextile 3 10 is provided at the bottom of the coarse gravel layer 2 5 , a permeable concrete layer 3 is provided at the bottom of the water-permeable geotextile 3 10 , a plant frame 13 is provided in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1 , a plurality of partition nets 17 are provided inside the plant frame 13 , and a wetland plant belt 11 is provided at the upper part of the wetland body 1 . The water-permeable geotextile 2 6 and the water-permeable geotextile 3 10 are made of high-strength polyester material, wherein the water-permeable geotextile 2 6 and the water-permeable geotextile 3 10 adopt a gradient nanofiber composite structure, the surface layer is a hydrophobic polyester fiber (pore size 5-10 μm) for intercepting oil and grease pollutants; the bottom layer is a hydrophilic cellulose nanocrystal coating (pore size 1-3 μm) for adsorbing heavy metal ions;

[0034] Specifically, a diversion wall 18 is provided in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1. The wall spans the direction of water flow and acts as a weir, forming a water storage area on its upstream side, thereby generating a preset water level difference with the downstream side where the turbine mechanism 9 is located. This effectively converts the kinetic energy of the weak water flow into potential energy for storage; a baffle wall 19 is further provided at the water inlet of multiple turbine mechanisms 9, the function of which is to gather and guide the upstream water flow with potential energy, ensuring that the water flow can impact the turbine in a concentrated and stable manner, thereby efficiently performing work.

[0035] The turbine mechanism 9 adopts a "water flow / external force" hybrid dual drive mode to ensure the system's uninterrupted operation around the clock. By creating a biogeochemical reaction hotspot, it achieves a "point-to-surface" global purification effect:

[0036] Passive driving and oxygenation purification (energy source and purification mechanism): In the presence of water flow, the water head difference drives the water turbine to rotate, converting water energy into mechanical energy to drive the filtration system. More importantly, when the water turbine rotates, the built-in vortex oxygenation device generates a large amount of micro-bubbles. Specifically, when the water turbine rotates, the built-in high-frequency aeration device automatically forms micro-bubbles as the water flows through, increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water, maintaining a high dissolved oxygen level around the device, increasing the activity of water microorganisms, and accelerating water quality self-purification. When the water flows through the water turbine, micro-bubbles are generated to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water body, forming a high-dissolved-oxygen "reaction hotspot area" that helps improve the self-purification capacity of the wetland and provides a more suitable environment for aquatic life.

[0037] "Ecological pump" effect (purification range amplification mechanism): The high-dissolved-oxygen "hotspot area" and the surrounding vast, naturally occurring anoxic or anaerobic water body form a significant biochemical environmental gradient. Based on the principles of convection and molecular diffusion, the hotspot area acts as an "ecological pump" that actively "attracts" a larger range of polluted water bodies for efficient purification. This mechanism amplifies the local physical effect of the water turbine into a large-scale biochemical purification effect, effectively addressing the problem of limited purification area.

[0038] Active driving protection (all-weather operation protection): When the water flow is weak, stagnant, or there is an urgent need for purification, the built-in auxiliary motor can be started to enter "active mode", ensuring the continuous rotation of the water turbine, maintaining the oxygenation of the "hotspot area" and the water circulation function of the "ecological pump", and ensuring the stability and reliability of the entire ecological system purification capacity.

[0039] The main body 901 of the water turbine mechanism 9 is not simply in contact with the water surface, but is arranged in the diversion path constructed by the intercepting wall 18 and the blocking wall 19. Thanks to the stable water head difference formed by the intercepting wall 18, the collected water flow can impact and efficiently drive the water turbine to rotate, thereby continuously converting the potential energy of the water flow into mechanical energy, which provides the core power for the self-circulation purification of the entire system, significantly reducing the dependence on external energy.

[0040] Secondly, the drainage groove 2 on the upper part of the wetland main body 1 works with the drainage mechanism 4 to form a dynamic water level regulation system. This system can quickly drain water during the wet season or heavy rain to effectively avoid waterlogging risks, and can maintain an appropriate water level during the dry season to ensure the hydrological balance and stability of the wetland ecosystem.

[0041] To achieve deep purification of water quality, the purification substrate of the wetland main body 1 adopts a multi-layer biomimetic structure, with the following functional layers:

[0042] Surface filtration and buffer layer: It is composed of the outermost water flow layer 8 and the sandy soil layer 7. This layer is mainly used to evenly distribute water, slow down the flow rate, provide a physical foundation for wetland plants to take root and grow, and complete the initial physical filtration of large suspended particles.

[0043] The core control and filtration layer is composed of permeable geotextile II-6 and permeable geotextile III-10. This double-layer nanofiber permeable geotextile, with an internal structure composed of a polymer nanofiber network and a high-strength non-woven fabric composite layer, effectively intercepts sediment, suspended matter, and organic pollutants, preventing matrix loss. More importantly, this composite material exhibits excellent hydraulic response properties: under high water pressure conditions (such as heavy rain), its microscopic pore structure allows for greater flux for rapid drainage; while under low water pressure conditions (such as drought), it reduces the infiltration rate to conserve water. This passive hydrological intelligent control capability greatly enhances the wetland's adaptability to diverse operating conditions.

[0044] Bio-enhancement and efficiency enhancement layer: This layer consists of coarse gravel layer 25. This layer adopts a three-layer particle size gradient (large-medium-small) to optimize the diffusion path of water flow in the wetland, ensure uniform water infiltration, prevent water short-circuiting or localized water accumulation, improve the water exchange efficiency of the wetland, and prevent fine particles from clogging the geotextile. The layer is filled with a specially designed submerged plant root matrix, which helps to anchor the roots of aquatic plants and provide an adequate nutrient supply. The coarse gravel layer 25 is filled with bionic root channels to simulate the adsorption and filtration effects of natural plant roots, so that water flow can be evenly distributed in different layers, reducing sediment accumulation, improving the self-purification capacity of the wetland, promoting the healthy growth of aquatic plants, and enhancing the purification capacity and ecological diversity of the wetland.

[0045] High-efficiency microbial active carriers are also implanted in the coarse gravel layer 2 5. These carriers are usually composed of porous ceramics, biochar, zeolite or high molecular polymers. Their surfaces have a rich microporous structure, which can provide space for the attachment and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms such as denitrifying bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria. Through the design of the turbine and physical base bed, a working environment for these "main forces" of microorganisms is created. The mechanism is as follows:

[0046] In a compact physical space, two environments that are necessary for an efficient denitrification process but difficult to coexist in nature are artificially created, thus constructing a "nitrification-denitrification" biological reaction chain that is highly coupled in time and space.

[0047] Specifically, the sufficient dissolved oxygen provided by the turbine creates a stable aerobic nitrification zone for nitrifying bacteria in the upper layer of the coarse gravel layer 25 and at the water inlet, efficiently converting the high-concentration ammonia nitrogen flowing in into nitrate. Subsequently, the water flow driven by the turbine will carry these freshly generated nitrates and accurately and continuously "feed" them to the middle and lower layers of the coarse gravel layer 25. Due to oxygen consumption, a stable anoxic denitrification zone is naturally formed in this area, where denitrifying bacteria completely reduce nitrates to harmless nitrogen gas that escapes the water body. It can not only promote the degradation of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body and reduce eutrophication, but also enhance the self-purification function of the water body and improve the pollutant treatment efficiency of the wetland. It has the advantages of high durability and low maintenance costs during long-term operation.

[0048] A permeable geotextile 3 10 is also provided at the bottom of the coarse gravel layer 2 5 to prevent sediment from sinking into the permeable concrete layer 3 and to improve the stability of the entire wetland structure; the permeable concrete layer 3 can promote further infiltration of water flow and play a supporting role, making the bottom structure of the wetland more stable. A plant frame 13 is also provided in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1, which provides a stable planting space for aquatic plants and enhances the water purification capacity of the wetland. A plurality of partitions 17 are provided inside the plant frame 13, which can effectively support the plant roots, so that the plants can grow stably, while avoiding the influence of excessive root interlacing. To ensure smooth water flow, Vallisnerianatans and Myriophyllum spicatum are planted in separate areas within the screens 17 of the plant frame 13. The biomass (such as phenolic acid compounds) secreted by their roots can inhibit excessive algae growth. Field tests have shown that combined planting can reduce chlorophyll a content (an indicator of algal biomass) by 62%. A wetland plant belt 11 is also provided at a higher point in the wetland body 1 to further absorb pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, thereby enhancing the ecological function of the wetland and improving its buffering capacity against external pollution.

[0049] The drainage mechanism 4 includes a drainage frame 401, which is arranged inside the drainage trough 2. The inner side of the drainage frame 401 is provided with a coarse gravel layer 402, a fine gravel layer 403, and a permeable geotextile 404 from the outside to the inside. The bottom of the permeable geotextile 404 is also provided with a microporous drainage pipe 405. The microporous drainage pipe 405 in the drainage mechanism 4 adopts a flow-adjustable pipe design to adjust the drainage volume of the wetland according to changes in the water level.

[0050] Specifically, the drainage mechanism 4 includes a drainage frame 401, which forms a stable drainage channel to prevent soil and particulate matter from being lost with the water flow, while providing sufficient filtering space to maintain stable water quality. Inside the drainage frame 401, from the outside to the inside, a coarse gravel layer 402, a fine gravel layer 403, and a permeable geotextile 404 are arranged. The coarse gravel layer 402 is used to initially intercept larger particulate impurities, the fine gravel layer 403 further filters smaller particles, and the permeable geotextile 404 prevents fine particles from entering the microporous drainage pipe 405, thereby ensuring that the drainage pipe is not blocked and maintaining the long-term efficient operation of the drainage system.

[0051] A microporous drainage pipe 405 is also provided at the bottom of the permeable geotextile 404. The pipe adopts an adjustable flow design and can adjust the drainage volume of the wetland according to changes in water level. In addition, a plant root infiltration layer can be added above it to utilize the adsorption effect of the roots of aquatic plants to further intercept sediment particles and reduce the entry of suspended matter into the pipe, ensuring that the wetland water level is in the optimal range, while ensuring water fluidity and promoting water quality circulation and ecological balance.

[0052] The detection component includes a water level sensor 12, a water quality sensor 14, a flow rate sensor 15 and a humidity sensor 16. The water level sensor 12 and the flow rate sensor 15 are arranged in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1, the water quality sensor 14 is arranged on the lower side of the plant frame 13 and the water outlet of the turbine mechanism 9, and the humidity sensor 16 is arranged in the wetland plant belt 11 of the wetland body 1. The water level sensor 12, the water quality sensor 14, the flow rate sensor 15 and the humidity sensor 16 transmit the collected data to the central control system.

[0053] Please see the attached Figure 4 -Attached Figure 5 The turbine mechanism 9 includes a turbine body 901, which is arranged in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1. In addition to the transmission shaft system, the interior of the turbine body 901 is also integrated with a compact waterproof auxiliary motor controlled by a central control system. The motor is coupled with the turbine main shaft to form the hybrid dual-drive core of the present invention. The turbine body 901 is arranged on the intercepting wall 18 in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1. The output end of the turbine body 901 is provided with a filter frame 902. The filter frame 902 Multiple blocking blocks 906 are equidistantly arranged on the inside, and multiple activated carbon plates 904 are arranged between the blocking blocks 906. The tops of the activated carbon plates 904 are each provided with a convex groove 907, and the inner sides of the convex grooves 907 are each engaged with a convex block 908. An upper cover 905 is arranged between the tops of the convex blocks 908, and a handle 909 is provided on the top of the upper cover 905. The outer side of the upper cover 905 is connected to the outer side of the filter frame 902 through multiple buckles. A water outlet hopper 903 is provided on the side of the filter frame 902 away from the turbine body 901;

[0054] The blade surface of the turbine body 901 adopts a bionic fish scale structure, which can significantly reduce the resistance and turbulence when water flows through the blades, optimize the energy capture efficiency, and ensure that the turbine can operate stably and efficiently under different flow rates (especially weak water flow) conditions.

[0055] Secondly, a filter frame 902 is provided at the output end of the turbine body. Its function is to pre-treat the water quality before the water leaves the turbine body 901. The power of the entire treatment process comes from the turbine body 901:

[0056] Structural stability: The core filter components are physically fixed and supported by equidistantly arranged internal block blocks 906, ensuring that the filter system can maintain structural stability and reliable operation even under complex water flow impacts, and preventing filter bypass or failure caused by component displacement.

[0057] High-efficiency composite filtration: Multiple composite adsorption plates 904 are installed between the baffle blocks 906, which are a double-layer composite structure composed of activated carbon and polymer adsorption materials. Its purification mechanism has a synergistic effect:

[0058] Activated carbon layer: uses its huge specific surface area and microporous structure to efficiently adsorb dissolved organic pollutants, color and odor in water;

[0059] Polymer adsorption material layer: Through ion exchange or chelation, it removes heavy metal ions that are difficult to treat with conventional means, as well as phosphorus, nitrogen and other substances that cause eutrophication of water bodies;

[0060] The water flow is processed before leaving the turbine, improving the overall purification efficiency.

[0061] In order to ensure the long-term, low-cost and sustainable operation of the whole system, the top of the activated carbon plate 904 is provided with a convex groove 907, which provides a stable clamping structure for the fixation of the activated carbon plate 904, ensures that the activated carbon plate 904 can be easily disassembled during maintenance and replacement, and improves the maintainability of the system; the inner side of the convex groove 907 is clamped with a convex block 908, which is used to strengthen the fixed connection between the activated carbon plate 904 and the filter frame 902, so that it remains stable under water flow impact, while improving the durability and reliability of the overall structure; the top of the convex block 908 is provided with an upper cover 905, which is used to protect the activated carbon plate 904 from external impurities, improve the filtering effect and prolong the service life of the activated carbon plate 904; the top of the upper cover 905 is provided with a handle 909, which is used to facilitate the maintenance and replacement of the activated carbon plate 904 by the operator, improve the operability of the system, and improve the maintenance efficiency of the wetland water treatment facility; the outer side of the upper cover 905 is connected to the outer side of the filter frame 902 through multiple buckles, which provides additional fixing support to ensure that the filter frame 902 is stable during operation, and makes it more convenient to maintain and replace the components;

[0062] The filter frame 902 is provided with a water outlet 903 away from the water turbine body 901, which is used to guide the purified water flow into the downstream water body or the internal circulation system of the wetland, ensuring the balance of the wetland water flow, and promoting the improvement of the water quality and ecological stability of the wetland;

[0063] Please refer to the accompanying Figure 6-Figure 7 The blades of the water turbine body 901 adopt a bionic fish scale structure, and the blade surface is composed of a plurality of independent scale units, preferably rhombic or fan-shaped. These units are overlapped and laid along the water flow direction with the trailing edge covering the leading edge, forming a macro-overlapping structure with a specific overlap rate. This structure can form micro guide gullies on the blade surface, effectively regularizing and guiding the boundary layer water flow close to the blade surface, and injecting energy into the boundary layer by generating controllable micro vortices at the trailing edge of the scale, significantly delaying the occurrence of flow separation point, thereby fundamentally reducing the pressure difference resistance caused by flow separation;

[0064] On the basis of this macro structure, the surface of each independent scale unit is further processed with micron-level grooves along the water flow direction. These micro textures, with a cross section preferably V-shaped or zigzag-shaped and a characteristic size in the range of 50 to 300 microns, can restrict turbulent vortices within the grooves and form stable "sliding water pads" by "locking" part of the water body, so that the external water flow slides on the water pads rather than directly rubbing the blade surface, thereby converting high-energy solid-liquid friction into low-energy liquid-liquid friction, greatly reducing the friction resistance.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the structure is also flexible or elastically hinged by a flexible base, giving the scale unit the flexibility to passively adapt to changes in the flow field, enabling it to adapt to the morphology of the adaptive micro-adjustment like a biological fish scale, and actively suppress turbulence.

[0066] Please refer to the attached Figure 8 The central control system comprises:

[0067] The monitoring module is configured to transmit data collected by the water level sensor 12, the water quality sensor 14, the flow rate sensor 15, and the humidity sensor 16 to the central control system.

[0068] Specifically, the detection assembly includes a water level sensor 12, a water quality sensor 14, a flow rate sensor 15, and a humidity sensor 16, which are configured to monitor the environmental parameters of the wetland in real time, ensure that the operating condition of the wetland is stable, and transmit the collected data to the central control system. The water level sensor 12 is configured to monitor the change of the water level of the wetland to ensure that the water level does not exceed the set safety range. The flow rate sensor 15 is configured to detect the flow rate of the water flow to avoid the water flow from being too fast to erode the structure of the wetland or too slow to cause eutrophication of the water body. The water quality sensor 14 is configured to detect the pollutant content of the water body to ensure that the water quality of the wetland meets the ecological standards. The humidity sensor 16 is configured to monitor the humidity level of the wetland plant belt 11 to maintain a suitable growth environment. To enhance the intelligent management capability of the wetland ecology, the central control system is equipped with an AI intelligent water quality prediction system, which analyzes the water level and water quality change trend based on historical data and real-time monitoring results, provides early warning of abnormal conditions, and automatically adjusts the internal water flow regulation of the wetland. The central control system supports Internet of Things (IoT) remote control, which can remotely monitor water quality data through a mobile phone or a computer and intelligently adjust parameters such as water flow, oxygenation equipment power, etc.

[0069] The analysis module is configured to analyze the data collected by the central control system through a data processing unit.

[0070] The feedback module is configured to adjust the water flow, water quality, and humidity of the wetland plant belt 11 based on the analysis results provided by the analysis module.

[0071] Specifically, the central control system includes a monitoring module, an analysis module, and a feedback module. The monitoring module collects data from various sensors, while the analysis module processes the data. The analysis module incorporates a built-in fuzzy PID controller. Its input variables are the NH3-N and TP concentrations from the water quality sensor 14 and the real-time data from the flow rate sensor 15. Its output variables are the valve opening of the microporous drainage pipe 405 and the rotational speed of the turbine body 901. To ensure proactive intervention under extreme operating conditions, the central control system is also connected to a small energy storage unit (such as a rechargeable battery), which can be supplemented by turbine power generation when water flow rates are high. When NH3-N exceeds 2 mg / L and the flow rate is less than 0.1 m / s, the system automatically increases the turbine speed by 20% to enhance aeration and simultaneously closes 50% of the drainage valves to extend the hydraulic retention time and promote microbial degradation. Based on the analysis results, the feedback module automatically adjusts the water flow, water quality, and humidity of the wetland vegetation belt 11 within the wetland to ensure the stability and sustainable development of the wetland ecosystem.

[0072] Working principle: First, multiple turbine mechanisms 9 are set up in the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body 1. In order to solve the problem of insufficient kinetic energy of weak water flow, a diversion wall 18 is set up upstream. The wall acts as a weir for the water flow, which can form water storage upstream, thereby stably forming a preset water level difference with the downstream side where the turbine is located, and effectively converting the kinetic energy of the water flow into potential energy; then, the baffle wall 19 will gather and guide these water flows with potential energy, and concentrate the impact on the turbine blades, ensuring that even weak water flow can work efficiently and drive the turbine to rotate. The bionic fish scale structure adopted by the turbine blades themselves further reduces the water flow resistance and improves the energy conversion efficiency. In order to ensure reliable operation in all weather and all working conditions, the turbine mechanism 9 adopts a "water flow / external force" hybrid dual drive mode. When water is flowing, the system operates in a passive mode with zero energy consumption. When the central control system detects stagnant water flow or a surge in pollution load through sensors, it immediately activates the built-in auxiliary motor and switches to "active mode", forcibly driving the turbine to rotate, thereby ensuring uninterrupted core purification functions.

[0073] Secondly, at the ecological purification level, no matter in which driving mode, the fundamental purpose of turbine rotation is to create and maintain the "biogeochemical reaction hotspot". The continuous rotation of the turbine, on the one hand, injects a large amount of dissolved oxygen into the core area through vortex aeration; on the other hand, it drives the macroscopic water circulation, activates the "microbial main force" living on the efficient microbial active carriers in the coarse gravel layer 25, and constructs the "nitrification-denitrification" efficient denitrification reaction chain. At the same time, the "hotspot" will actively "attract" a wider range of polluted water bodies for efficient degradation through convection and diffusion effects, like an ecological pump, to achieve a "point-to-surface" treatment effect.

[0074] In terms of physical pretreatment and maintenance, the water flow after leaving the water turbine will pass through the filter frame 902, which is equipped with multiple activated carbon plates 904 inside, which can effectively purify harmful substances in the water flow. The purified water flow passes through the filter frame 902 and is discharged through the water outlet 903, thereby improving the water quality of the wetland; in order to facilitate maintenance and replacement of the activated carbon plates 904, the upper cover 905 can be easily detached from the filter frame 902 by cooperating with the buckle. By the convex groove 907 on the activated carbon plate 904 and the convex block 908 on the upper cover 905, the activated carbon plate 904 can be easily detached and replaced;

[0075] In terms of drainage, the wetland main body 1 is provided with a drainage tank 2, and a drainage mechanism 4 is installed in the drainage tank 2. The drainage frame 401 is composed of a coarse gravel layer 402, a fine gravel layer 403, and a water-permeable geotextile 404, which can effectively filter impurities in the water flow. The micro-porous drainage pipeline 405 adjusts the drainage capacity of the wetland according to the water level change, thereby realizing accurate control of the water level and drainage efficiency of the wetland and ensuring stable water level;

[0076] In terms of physical foundation, the bottom of the low-lying area of the wetland main body 1 is composed of a water flow layer 8, a sandy soil layer 7, a water-permeable geotextile 6, and a coarse gravel layer 5. The water flow layer 8 promotes the uniform distribution of water flow in the wetland, and the sandy soil layer 7 ensures effective water penetration. The water-permeable geotextile 6 and the water-permeable geotextile 10 are made of high-strength polyester material, which can effectively isolate soil and water and prevent water and soil from mixing. The coarse gravel layer 5 uses gravel of different sizes, which can not only enhance the uniform permeability of water flow but also prevent fine soil particles from blocking the geotextile, ensuring the smooth flow of water. The bottom layer of water-permeable concrete 3 further promotes water penetration and maintains the stability of the structure through the water-permeable geotextile 10;

[0077] In terms of plant system synergistic purification, the low-lying area of the wetland main body 1 is also provided with a plant frame 13, which is arranged with multiple separation nets 17 to provide support and ensure the healthy growth of plant roots. In particular, the coarse gravel layer 5 is filled with specially designed submerged plant root matrix, which effectively enhances the growth of aquatic plants. At a high place of the wetland main body 1, a wetland plant belt 11 is provided, which serves to improve the ecological function of the wetland and enhance the ability of plants to purify water quality;

[0078] Moreover, a buffer pool (Retention-Pond) or settling area is provided at the outlet of the wetland, which can drain the water flow from the drainage tank 2 and the low-lying area into the buffer pool (Retention-Pond) or settling area. In addition, submerged plants and gravel settling layers can be used in the buffer pool (Retention-Pond) or settling area to further precipitate suspended particles in the water, improve the water quality of the wetland, reduce pollution to downstream water bodies, and also enable the water flow to slowly flow into rivers and lakes, reducing the scouring effect;

[0079] The detection components include a water level sensor 12, a water quality sensor 14, a flow rate sensor 15, and a humidity sensor 16. These sensors monitor the wetland's water level, water quality, flow rate, and humidity in real time and transmit the data to a central control system. The system's monitoring module collects and analyzes the collected data, and the feedback module adjusts the wetland's water flow, water quality, and humidity of the wetland plant belt 11 based on the analysis results. The feedback module autonomously switches between different operating modes and adjusts system parameters based on the diagnostic results:

[0080] In “passive mode,” the system operates in an energy-efficient manner, relying on the kinetic energy of the water flow;

[0081] In the "active compensation mode" (such as when there is high pollution and low flow rate), the system will actively start the auxiliary motor to increase the speed and at the same time close the drain valve to extend the response time;

[0082] In the "active enhancement mode" (such as when the water is still), the system will directly drive the turbine through the motor to start a high-intensity purification cycle;

[0083] Through closed-loop feedback control, the unpredictable drawbacks of ecological restoration technology are eliminated, ensuring that the wetland ecosystem can stably and continuously achieve the preset purification goals under any complex working conditions.

[0084] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends, comprising a wetland body (1), characterized in that: The low-lying area of ​​the wetland main body (1) is provided with a cut-off wall (18), and a plurality of water turbine mechanisms (9) are provided on the inner side of the cut-off wall (18). The low-lying area of ​​the wetland main body (1) is provided with baffle walls (19) on both sides, and the baffle walls (19) are provided at the water inlets of the plurality of water turbine mechanisms (9). A drainage trough (2) is provided on the upper part of the wetland main body (1), and a drainage mechanism (4) is provided inside the drainage trough (2). A detection component is provided on the surface of the wetland main body (1). The low-lying area of ​​the wetland body (1) is provided with a water flow layer (8), a sandy soil layer (7), a second permeable geotextile (6) and a second coarse gravel layer (5) from the outside to the inside, the bottom of the second coarse gravel layer (5) is also provided with a third permeable geotextile (10), the bottom of the third permeable geotextile (10) is provided with a permeable concrete layer (3), the low-lying area of ​​the wetland body (1) is also provided with a plant frame (13), the interior of the plant frame (13) is provided with a plurality of partition nets (17), and a wetland plant belt (11) is also provided at a high position of the wetland body (1).

2. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage mechanism (4) comprises a drainage frame (401), which is arranged on the inner side of the drainage trough (2). The inner side of the drainage frame (401) is provided with a coarse gravel layer (402), a fine gravel layer (403) and a permeable geotextile (404) from the outside to the inside. The bottom of the permeable geotextile (404) is also provided with a microporous drainage pipe (405).

3. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water turbine mechanism (9) comprises a water turbine body (901), the water turbine body (901) being arranged on a cutoff wall (18) in a low-lying area of ​​a wetland body (1), a filter frame (902) being arranged at an output end of the water turbine body (901), a plurality of baffle blocks (906) being arranged at equal intervals on the inner side of the filter frame (902), a plurality of activated carbon plates (904) being arranged between the baffle blocks (906), and the tops of the activated carbon plates (904) being Each of the convex grooves (907) is provided with a convex block (908) engaged on the inner side of each of the convex grooves (907). An upper cover (905) is provided between the tops of the convex blocks (908). A handle (909) is provided on the top of each of the upper covers (905). The outer side of the upper cover (905) is connected to the outer side of the filter frame (902) through a plurality of buckles. A water outlet hopper (903) is provided on the side of the filter frame (902) away from the turbine body (901).

4. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component comprises a water level sensor (12), a water quality sensor (14), a flow rate sensor (15) and a humidity sensor (16); the water level sensor (12) and the flow rate sensor (15) are arranged in a low-lying area of ​​the wetland body (1); the water quality sensor (14) is arranged at the lower side of the plant frame (13) and the water outlet of the turbine mechanism (9); the humidity sensor (16) is arranged at the wetland plant belt (11) of the wetland body (1); the water level sensor (12), the water quality sensor (14), the flow rate sensor (15) and the humidity sensor (16) transmit the collected data to a central control system.

5. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microporous drainage pipe (405) in the drainage mechanism (4) adopts a flow-adjustable pipe design, which is used to adjust the drainage volume of the wetland according to the change of water level.

6. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse gravel layer 2 (5) is filled with a specially designed submerged plant root matrix to enhance the growth of aquatic plants.

7. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse gravel layer 2 (5) uses gravels of different sizes to promote uniform penetration of water flow and prevent clogging by fine particles of soil.

8. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second permeable geotextile (6) and the third permeable geotextile (10) are made of high-strength polyester material and are used for isolating soil from water.

9. The ecological conservation structure for canal tributaries and bends according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central control system includes: Monitoring module: used for transmitting data collected by the water level sensor (12), the water quality sensor (14), the flow rate sensor (15) and the humidity sensor (16) to the central control system; Analysis module: It analyzes the data collected in the central control system through the data processing unit; Feedback module: According to the analysis results provided by the analysis module, the water flow, water quality and humidity of the wetland plant belt (11) in the wetland are adjusted.

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