Mining dust falling device capable of intelligently switching foam and water mist and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine safety production, in particular to a mine dust falling device capable of intelligently switching foam and water mist and a using method of the mine dust falling device. Comprising a dust concentration detection box, a signal processing box, a foaming agent storage tank, a flow control valve, a foaming agent conveying pipe, an air pressure supercharging device, a foaming tank, pneumatic stirring blades, a water tank, a water conveying pipe I, a water conveying pipe II, a water conveying pipe C, a foam conveying pipe, a mechanical pneumatic switching box and a concentric nozzle mounting disc, a dust concentration sensor and a signal acquisition unit are arranged in the dust concentration detection box; the signal processing box internally comprises a signal amplification unit, a threshold value judgment unit and a control output unit; the mechanical pneumatic switching box comprises an electromagnetic valve, an air cylinder, a rack, a gear and a water diverter; a flow guide groove is formed in the water flow divider, and the circumferential included angle of the flow guide groove is 120 degrees. The concentric nozzle mounting disc comprises a water mist nozzle and a foam nozzle, and dust falling modes are intelligently switched according to the dust concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine production safety, and in particular to a mine dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist and a method of using the device, which are used to solve the problem of efficient dust suppression of different concentrations of dust during mining operations. Background Art

[0002] Dust pollution is a serious problem in industrial sites such as mines, tunnels, and coal loading and unloading. Large amounts of dust not only pose a serious health risk to operators but also disrupt the normal operation of equipment. Water mist and foam are commonly used traditional dust suppression methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

[0003] Water mist dust suppression offers advantages such as efficient dust capture, wide coverage, and flexibility. It is suitable for rapid dust reduction and large-scale spraying, and can also provide cooling in high-temperature environments. However, water mist particles are small and easily carried away by airflow, causing dust resuspension. Furthermore, water mist is inefficient in capturing fine particles. Furthermore, water mist spraying consumes a large amount of water resources, and prolonged use can lead to mist sedimentation and ground waterlogging, impacting the working environment.

[0004] Foam dust suppression relies on surfactants to form a highly adhesive foam that envelops dust, effectively suppressing dust re-entry and forming a long-lasting dust suppression film on the dust surface. It is particularly suitable for hydrophobic dust and high-concentration coal dust. However, its disadvantages include complex equipment and high operating costs. The addition and replacement of foaming agents increases maintenance difficulties, and residual foam makes on-site cleanup difficult.

[0005] In existing technologies, water mist and foam dust suppression are typically used independently, without intelligently switching between them based on actual dust concentration. This results in low dust suppression efficiency and waste of resources. Therefore, a device that can intelligently switch between dust suppression modes based on dust concentration is urgently needed to improve dust suppression efficiency, conserve resources, and reduce environmental impact. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist and a method of using the device, which can automatically switch the dust suppression mode according to the dust concentration. When the concentration is low, water mist is used to quickly suppress dust, and when the concentration is high, foam is used to efficiently suppress dust, thereby improving dust suppression efficiency, saving water resources, reducing foam residue, and improving the safety and environmental protection of underground mine operations.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist, comprising a dust concentration detection box, a signal processing box, a foam agent storage tank, a flow control valve, a foam agent delivery pipe, an air pressure boosting device, a foaming box, a pneumatic stirring blade, a water tank, a water delivery pipe 1, a water delivery pipe 2, a water delivery pipe C, a foam delivery pipe, a mechanical pneumatic switching box, and a concentric nozzle mounting plate; the dust concentration detection box comprises a dust concentration sensor and a signal acquisition unit, and the dust concentration sensor is electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit; the dust concentration detection box is electrically connected to the signal processing box through a cable, and the signal processing box comprises a signal amplification unit, a threshold determination unit, and a control output unit, and the signal amplification unit, the threshold determination unit, and the control output unit are electrically connected in sequence, and the control output unit is electrically connected to the solenoid valve and the flow control valve in the mechanical pneumatic switching box respectively through a cable; The water tank is connected to the water diverter of the mechanical pneumatic switching box through water pipe 1, and the two water outlets of the water diverter are respectively connected to the air pressure boosting device through water pipe 2 and connected to the foaming box through water pipe C; the mechanical pneumatic switching box includes a solenoid valve, a cylinder, a rack, a gear, and a water diverter. The solenoid valve is connected to the cylinder through an air pipe, and the front end of the piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of the rack, the rack is meshed with the gear, and the gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the water diverter; a guide groove is provided in the water diverter, and the circumferential angle of the guide groove is 120°; the air pressure boosting device is connected to the solenoid valve through an air pipe, and is connected to the pneumatic stirring blade through the air pipe. The air pressure boosting device is also connected to the water mist nozzle of the concentric nozzle mounting disk through a water pipe; the foam agent storage tank is connected to the foaming box through a foam agent delivery pipe, and a flow control valve is provided on the foam agent delivery pipe, and the flow control valve is connected to the air pressure boosting device through the air pipe; A pneumatic stirring blade is provided in the foaming box, and the foaming box is connected to the foam nozzle of the concentric nozzle mounting plate through a foam delivery pipe; the concentric nozzle mounting plate includes two concentric rings, the water mist nozzle is evenly installed on the outer ring, and the foam nozzle is evenly installed on the inner ring; the initial position of the piston rod of the cylinder is the extended position, at which time the water diverter is at the 0° position, and the guide groove is docked with the water delivery pipe 2; when the piston rod retracts, it drives the water diverter to rotate 120° counterclockwise, so that the guide groove is docked with the water delivery pipe C; when the piston rod is extended, the water diverter is reset to the 0° position clockwise.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the dust concentration detection box is connected to the signal processing box through a cable, and the signal processing box is used to receive and process signals from the dust concentration sensor and output control signals to the mechanical pneumatic switching box and the foam agent delivery pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the signal amplification unit is used to amplify the weak signal output by the dust concentration sensor, and the threshold determination unit determines the dust concentration according to a preset threshold and outputs a control signal to the mechanical pneumatic switch box.

[0010] In another embodiment of the present application, an electromagnetic valve powered by a 24V DC power supply is arranged in the mechanical pneumatic switch box. The electromagnetic valve receives a control signal from the signal processing box through an electromagnetic coil, drives the valve core to act to control the on-off of the air path of the cylinder. The cylinder is supplied with air through an air pressure boosting device. The front end of the piston rod of the cylinder is connected to a rack. A gear is engaged with the rack connected to the front end of the piston rod of the cylinder. The cylinder drives the rack to make linear reciprocating motion, thereby driving the gear to rotate. The gear is coaxial with the water diverter. The initial position of the piston rod is the extended position. At this time, the water diverter is located at 0°, and the guide groove is connected to the water conveying pipe. When the piston rod is retracted, the water diverter is rotated counterclockwise by 120° to connect the water conveying pipe C. When the piston rod is extended, the water diverter is rotated clockwise to reset to 0°. The rotating stroke of the water diverter is limited to the range of 0°-120° by the limiting structure.

[0011] In addition, the water diverter is provided with a guide groove. The guide groove is a fan-shaped groove with a fan angle of 120°.

[0012] Meanwhile, the concentric nozzle mounting disc includes two concentric rings. The water mist nozzle is mounted on the outer ring, and the foam nozzle is mounted on the inner ring.

[0013] In another embodiment of the present application, a flow control valve is mounted on the foam agent conveying pipe. The flow control valve adjusts the foam agent flow according to the control signal output by the signal processing box, thereby automatically controlling the addition amount of the foam agent under different dust concentrations and ensuring the accurate delivery of the foam agent.

[0014] Preferably, the foam agent conveying pipe is provided with a flow control valve. The valve includes a pneumatic actuator connected to the air source of the air pressure boosting device and connected to the signal processing box through an air pipe for receiving the control gas signal from the signal processing box to adjust the opening degree of the valve core and realize the adjustment of the foam agent flow.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, the pneumatic stirring blade is used in the foaming tank and is connected to the air pressure boosting device to provide power for stirring work.

[0016] The present application also provides a control method for using the above-mentioned foam and water mist intelligent switching mine dust reduction device, which includes the following steps: Step one: The dust concentration in the mine area is monitored in real time by the dust concentration detection box. The dust concentration sensor transmits the detection signal to the signal processing box. Step two: The signal processing box receives and amplifies the dust concentration signal. The threshold determination unit determines the current dust concentration level and generates a corresponding control signal. Step 3: The signal processing box outputs a control signal to drive the solenoid valve in the mechanical pneumatic switching box to turn on and off, control the cylinder to rotate the rack and gear, and drive the water diverter to automatically switch the water flow direction according to the dust concentration, and guide the water to the water mist nozzle or foaming box; Step 4: When the dust concentration is lower than the preset threshold, the solenoid valve maintains a normally open air path, the piston rod is in the extended position, the guide groove is aligned with the water pipe 2, and the water is pressurized by the water pressure booster device through the water pipe 1 and the water pipe 2 and then sprayed by the water mist nozzle to reduce dust; Step 5: When the dust concentration is higher than the preset threshold, the signal processing box triggers the solenoid valve to switch, the cylinder piston rod retracts, the water diverter rotates counterclockwise to 120 degrees, the diversion groove is aligned with the water pipe C, and the water enters the foaming box through the water pipe 1 and the water pipe C; at the same time, the foam agent in the foam agent storage tank is injected through the foam agent delivery pipe under the regulation of the flow control valve and mixed with the water; Step 6: The pneumatic stirring blades in the foaming box stir evenly under the power provided by the air pressure boosting device, so that the foam is formed stably. The generated foam is transported to the foam nozzle through the foam delivery pipe, and sprayed after being pressurized by the air pressure boosting device to achieve efficient foam dust reduction; Step 7: The entire control system automatically adjusts the switching between water mist and foam dust suppression and the flow rate of the foam agent according to the real-time changes in dust concentration to ensure maximum dust suppression efficiency and save water resources.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. It realizes intelligent switching of dust reduction mode according to dust concentration. When the concentration is low, water mist is used for rapid dust reduction. When the concentration is high, foam is used for efficient dust reduction, thereby improving dust reduction efficiency.

[0019] 2. The innovative mechanical-pneumatic switching mechanism, through the transmission path design of the cylinder rack and pinion water diverter, realizes the precise control and reliable switching of the water flow direction, and improves the reliability of the system in the harsh environment of the mine.

[0020] 3. The fan-shaped guide groove design of the water diverter simplifies the switching mechanism, improves the reliability and sealing of the switching, and reduces the failure points.

[0021] 4. The concentric nozzle mounting plate design optimizes space utilization and spraying effect. The water mist nozzle is installed on the outer ring to achieve a larger coverage area, and the foam nozzle is installed on the inner ring to ensure efficient dust reduction in key areas.

[0022] 5. The precise foaming agent control system realizes the linkage control of foaming agent dosage and dust concentration, which reduces foaming agent waste and lowers operating costs.

[0023] 6. Through optimized resource utilization, water waste and foam residue are reduced, and the safety and environmental protection of underground mine operations are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanical pneumatic switching box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the concentric nozzle mounting plate of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These drawings and embodiments are only used to illustrate the purpose of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist, including a dust concentration detection box 1, a signal processing box 2, a foam agent storage tank 3, a flow control valve 14, a foam agent delivery pipe 4, an air pressure booster 5, a foaming box 6, a pneumatic stirring blade 7, a water tank 8, a water delivery pipe 1 9, a water delivery pipe 2 10, a water delivery pipe C11, a foam delivery pipe 15, a mechanical pneumatic switching box 12, and a concentric nozzle mounting plate 13; the dust concentration detection box 1 includes a dust concentration sensor 11 and a signal acquisition unit, and the dust concentration sensor 11 is electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit;

[0030] The dust concentration detection box 1 is electrically connected to the signal processing box 2 via a cable. The signal processing box 2 includes a signal amplification unit, a threshold determination unit, and a control output unit. The signal amplification unit, the threshold determination unit, and the control output unit are electrically connected in sequence. The control output unit is electrically connected to the solenoid valve 121 and the flow control valve 14 in the mechanical pneumatic switching box 12 via a cable. The water tank 8 is connected to the water divider 125 of the mechanical pneumatic switching box 12 via a water pipe 19. The two water outlets of the water divider 125 are respectively connected to the air pressure boosting device 5 via a water pipe 2 10 and to the foaming box 6 via a water pipe C11.

[0031] The mechanical pneumatic switching box 12 includes a solenoid valve 121, a cylinder 122, a rack 123, a gear 124, and a water divider 125. The solenoid valve 121 is connected to the cylinder 122 through an air pipe, and the front end of the piston rod of the cylinder 122 is fixedly connected to one end of the rack 123. The rack 123 is meshed with the gear 124, and the gear 124 is coaxially fixedly connected to the water divider 125; a guide groove 126 is provided in the water divider 125, and the circumferential angle of the guide groove 126 is 120°; the air pressure boosting device 5 is connected to the solenoid valve 121 through the air pipe, and is connected to the pneumatic stirring blade 7 through the air pipe. The air pressure boosting device 5 is also connected to the water mist nozzle 131 of the concentric nozzle mounting plate 13 through a water pipe;

[0032] The foaming agent storage tank 3 is connected to the foaming box 6 through the foaming agent delivery pipe 4. The foaming agent delivery pipe 4 is provided with a flow control valve 14. The flow control valve 14 is connected to the air pressure boosting device 5 through an air pipe.

[0033] The foaming box 6 is provided with a pneumatic stirring blade 7, and the foaming box 6 is connected to the foam nozzle 132 of the concentric nozzle mounting plate 13 through the foam delivery pipe 15;

[0034] The concentric nozzle mounting plate 13 includes two concentric rings, the water mist nozzles 131 are evenly installed on the outer ring, and the foam nozzles 132 are evenly installed on the inner ring; the initial position of the piston rod of the cylinder 122 is the extended position, at which time the water diverter 125 is at the 0° position, and the guide groove 126 is connected to the water pipe 10; when the piston rod retracts, it drives the water diverter 125 to rotate 120° counterclockwise, so that the guide groove 126 is connected to the water pipe C11; when the piston rod is extended, the water diverter 125 is reset clockwise to the 0° position.

[0035] In this embodiment, the dust concentration sensor 11 is a laser scattering dust sensor with a detection range of 0.50 mg / m³, an accuracy of ±0.1 mg / m³, and a response time of less than 2 seconds, capable of accurately monitoring the dust concentration in the mining area air in real time. Preferably, the sensor is powered by a 12V DC power supply, outputs a 0.5V analog signal, and is connected to a signal acquisition unit. The signal acquisition unit uses a 10-bit A / D converter to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, which is transmitted to the signal processing box 2 via an RS485 interface.

[0036] The signal processing box 2 includes a signal amplification unit, a threshold determination unit, and a control output unit. The signal amplification unit uses an operational amplifier circuit to amplify the weak 0.5V signal output by the sensor to 0.10V, improving the accuracy and anti-interference capability of signal processing. The threshold determination unit uses a single-chip microcomputer processing system with a built-in dust concentration determination algorithm. It compares the dust concentration with a preset threshold and outputs a control signal based on the determination result. In this embodiment, the dust concentration threshold is set at 15mg / m³, an optimal switching point determined through extensive experimentation. This value can ensure dust reduction while maximizing resource conservation. When the detected dust concentration is lower than 15mg / m³, the system selects water mist dust reduction; when the concentration is greater than or equal to 15mg / m³, the system switches to foam dust reduction. The control output unit generates a 24V DC control signal based on the threshold determination result, which is transmitted via a cable to the solenoid valve 121 of the mechanical pneumatic switching box 12 and the flow control valve 14 on the foam agent delivery pipe 4.

[0037] The mechanical-pneumatic switching box 12 is the core innovation of this invention and includes a solenoid valve 121, a cylinder 122, a rack 123, a gear 124, and a water manifold 125. Solenoid valve 121 is a two-position, three-way solenoid valve powered by a 24V DC power supply. Its coil impedance is 120Ω and its rated operating pressure range is 0.15-0.8MPa. The solenoid coil receives control signals from the signal processing box 2, actuating the valve core to open and close the air path of cylinder 122.

[0038] Cylinder 122 is a double-acting cylinder with a diameter of 40 mm, a stroke of 50 mm, and an operating pressure of 0.5 MPa. Air is supplied via a pneumatic booster 5. The front end of the piston rod of cylinder 122 is connected to a rack 123. The rack is 80 mm long, has a module of 1.5 mm, and has 40 teeth. Gear 124, which is 30 mm in diameter, has a module of 1.5 mm, and has 20 teeth, meshes with rack 123 connected to the front end of the piston rod of cylinder 122. Cylinder 122 drives rack 123 in linear reciprocating motion, which in turn drives gear 124 in rotation. Gear 124 is coaxially connected to water diverter 125, enabling the transmission of rotational motion.

[0039] Water diverter 125 is a disc-shaped structure with a diameter of 60mm and a thickness of 15mm. Made of stainless steel with an anti-corrosion treatment, it can operate stably and long-term in the humid and corrosive atmosphere of a mine. A diversion groove 126 is provided within diverter 125. This is a fan-shaped groove with a 120° angle, a width of 15mm, and a depth of 8mm, ensuring unimpeded water flow without leakage.

[0040] The piston rod initially extends, with water diverter 125 at 0° and diversion groove 126 connected to water pipe 10. When the piston rod retracts, it rotates 120° counterclockwise to connect to water pipe C11. When extended, it returns to 0° clockwise. A mechanical limiter limits the rotational range of water diverter 125 to 0°–120°, preventing excessive rotation from causing system failure.

[0041] The concentric nozzle mounting plate 13 includes two concentric rings, with an outer ring diameter of 350mm and an inner ring diameter of 200mm. It is made of aluminum alloy and the surface is anodized to improve corrosion resistance and service life. The water mist nozzles 131 are installed on the outer ring, with a total of 12 evenly distributed nozzles, a nozzle diameter of 1.2mm, a working pressure of 0.6MPa, a spray angle of 80°, and a spray distance of up to 8-10 meters, forming a fine water mist. The foam nozzles 132 are installed on the inner ring, with a total of 8 evenly distributed nozzles, a nozzle diameter of 2.0mm, a working pressure of 0.5MPa, a spray angle of 60°, and a spray distance of 56 meters, which can form stable and long-lasting foam. This concentric layout design optimizes space utilization and improves dust reduction coverage area and efficiency.

[0042] The foaming agent storage tank 3 has a capacity of 50L and is made of high-density polyethylene, which is corrosion-resistant, pressure-resistant, and non-aging. A flow control valve 14 is installed on the foaming agent delivery pipe 4. This flow control valve 14 is a pneumatic angular stroke control valve with a stainless steel body and a polytetrafluoroethylene seal. Its nominal diameter is 15mm and its adjustable flow range is 0-40L / h. The pneumatic actuator is connected to the air source of the air pressure booster device 5, with a rated operating pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa. It is also connected to the signal processing box 2 via an air pipe to receive the control air signal from the signal processing box 2 to adjust the valve core opening and achieve precise regulation of the foaming agent flow.

[0043] In this embodiment, the regulating characteristic of the flow control valve 14 can be expressed by the following formula: .

[0044] in: is the actual flow rate, in L / h; is the maximum flow rate, the value is 40L / h; is the pressure difference before and after the valve, in MPa; is the reference pressure difference, the value is 0.1MPa; is the valve opening angle, in degrees; is the maximum opening angle, which is 90°.

[0045] According to the formula, when the dust concentration is 15 mg / m³, the valve opening is about 30°, and the corresponding foam agent flow rate is about 13.3 L / h; when the dust concentration reaches 30 mg / m³, the valve opening increases to 60°, and the flow rate increases to 26.7 L / h; when the dust concentration reaches the maximum of 50 mg / m³, the valve opening is 90°, and the flow rate reaches the maximum of 40 L / h. This dynamic adjustment ensures the accurate matching of foam agent usage and dust concentration, improves the dust suppression efficiency, and reduces the waste of foam agent.

[0046] The foaming tank 6 has a capacity of 100 L, is made of stainless steel, has a design pressure of 1.0 MPa, and is internally provided with a pneumatic stirring blade 7. The pneumatic stirring blade 7 is designed in a four-leaf pattern, has a diameter of 150 mm, is made of stainless steel, and has a rotating speed of 150-200 rpm. The pneumatic stirring blade 7 is connected to the air pressure boosting device 5 through an air pipe and is driven to rotate by 0.5-0.6 MPa compressed air provided by the air pressure device, thereby ensuring that water and foam agent are fully mixed to form stable foam. This pneumatic driving mode avoids safety hazards of electrical systems in humid environments and improves system reliability.

[0047] The air pressure boosting device 5 is a single-stage piston type boosting pump, has a boosting ratio of 1:2, has an input pressure range of 0.3-0.4 MPa, has an output pressure range of 0.6-0.8 MPa, and has a maximum flow rate of 2 m³ / min, thereby being able to provide a stable source of compressed air for the system and simultaneously serving as a pressurizing device for water and foam.

[0048] The water tank 8 has a capacity of 500 L, is made of stainless steel, has a design pressure of 0.6 MPa, and is provided with a liquid level gauge and a water replenishing valve. The water conveying pipe I 9, the water conveying pipe II 10, the water conveying pipe C 11, and the foam conveying pipe 15 are all made of stainless steel, have a nominal diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm, and are connected in a flange connection manner, thereby ensuring that the pipeline system is reliably sealed and is not easily corroded.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The present embodiment provides a control method for using the above-mentioned intelligent foam and water mist switching mine dust suppression device, which comprises the following steps:

[0051] 1) The dust concentration in the mine area is monitored in real time by the dust concentration detection box 1, and the sampling frequency is 5 times per second. The dust concentration sensor 11 transmits the detection signal to the signal processing box 2. Preferably, in order to avoid frequent switching of the system caused by instantaneous fluctuations, the system uses a 10-second moving average as the basis for judgment, thereby enhancing the stability of the system.

[0052] 2) The signal processing box 2 receives and amplifies the dust concentration signal, judges the current dust concentration level through a threshold judgment unit, and generates a corresponding control signal. In the present embodiment, the threshold judgment adopts the following algorithm: .

[0053] in: Output status, 0 means water mist dust reduction, 1 means foam dust reduction; It is the 10-second sliding average of dust concentration, in mg / ; is the switching threshold, the value is 15mg / , is the hysteresis interval, the value is 2mg / , For the previous state.

[0054] This judgment algorithm with hysteresis avoids frequent system switching when the dust concentration fluctuates near the threshold, improving system stability and component life. For example, when the dust concentration rises from 10mg / m³ to 14mg / m³, the system remains in water mist dust reduction mode because it does not exceed the switching threshold of 17mg / m³ (i.e., the main threshold of 15mg / m³ plus the hysteresis interval of 2mg / m³). When the concentration continues to rise to 18mg / m³, it exceeds the switching threshold and the system switches to foam dust reduction mode. When the concentration drops to 14mg / m³, the system remains in foam dust reduction mode because it does not fall below the switch-back threshold of 13mg / m³ (i.e., the main threshold of 15mg / m³ minus the hysteresis interval of 2mg / m³). It does not switch back to water mist dust reduction mode until the concentration drops below 13mg / m³.

[0055] 3) Signal processing box 2 outputs a control signal, which switches solenoid valve 121 in mechanical-pneumatic switching box 12 on and off, controlling cylinder 122 to rotate rack 123 and gear 124. This in turn drives water diverter 125 to automatically switch the water flow direction based on dust concentration, directing water to either mist nozzle 131 or foam tank 6. The control signal is 24V DC, with a response time of less than 0.5 seconds, ensuring the system's rapid response to changes in dust concentration.

[0056] 4) When the dust concentration falls below the threshold (piston rod extended, initial state), solenoid valve 121 remains open, the piston rod is in the extended position, and diversion groove 126 aligns with water pipe 2 10. Water flows through water pipe 1 9 to water pipe 2 10, is pressurized by air pressure booster 5, and is then sprayed by water mist nozzle 131 to reduce dust. In this mode, the water pressure is 0.6-0.7 MPa, and the water flow rate is 60-80 L / min, forming a fine water mist with a particle size of 50-100 μm, which effectively captures dust particles in the air.

[0057] 5) When the dust concentration exceeds the threshold, signal processing box 2 triggers the switching of solenoid valve 121, retracting the piston rod of cylinder 122. Water diverter 125 rotates counterclockwise to 120 degrees, aligning diversion channel 126 with water pipe C11. Water flows from pipe 9 to pipe C11 and enters foaming tank 6. Simultaneously, foamant from foamant storage tank 3 is injected through foamant delivery pipe 4 under the control of flow control valve 14 and mixed with water. The foamant addition ratio is dynamically adjusted based on dust concentration, ranging from 1:20 to 1:50. For example, when the dust concentration is 20 mg / m³, the ratio is 1:40; when the concentration is 30 mg / m³, the ratio is adjusted to 1:30; and when the concentration reaches 50 mg / m³, the ratio is adjusted to 1:20. Increasing the foamant concentration improves dust reduction effectiveness.

[0058] 6) Powered by the air pressure booster 5, the pneumatic stirring blades 7 within the foaming tank 6 stir the foam uniformly at a speed of 150-200 rpm for 30-60 seconds, ensuring stable foam formation with a stability indicator of a half-life greater than 30 minutes. The generated foam is transported through the foam delivery pipe 15 to the foam nozzle 132, where it is pressurized by the air pressure booster 5 and sprayed. The foam expansion ratio is 1:10 to 1:15, and the coverage rate is greater than 95%, achieving highly effective foam dust reduction.

[0059] 7) The entire control system automatically adjusts the switching between water mist and foam dust suppression, as well as the foaming agent flow rate, based on real-time changes in dust concentration, ensuring maximum dust suppression efficiency and conserving water resources. The system can switch from water mist to foam mode, or vice versa, within 5 seconds, providing a rapid response and adapting to the rapid changes in dust concentration in the mining area.

[0060] In practical applications, the present invention's intelligently switching between foam and water mist dust suppression device and its method of use can be applied to areas with severe dust pollution, such as coal mine heading faces, coal mining working faces, coal loading and unloading points. Field test data shows that compared with traditional single-use dust suppression methods, this invention improves dust suppression efficiency by 25%-40%, reduces water consumption by 30%-45%, and reduces foaming agent usage by 35%-50%, significantly improving the quality and safety of the mining operating environment.

[0061] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist, characterized by: The device comprises a dust concentration detection box (1), a signal processing box (2), a foaming agent storage tank (3), a flow control valve (14), a foaming agent delivery pipe (4), an air pressure boosting device (5), a foaming box (6), a pneumatic stirring blade (7), a water tank (8), a water delivery pipe 1 (9), a water delivery pipe 2 (10), a water delivery pipe C (11), a foam delivery pipe (15), a mechanical pneumatic switching box (12), and a concentric nozzle mounting plate (13); The dust concentration detection box (1) comprises a dust concentration sensor (11) and a signal acquisition unit, wherein the dust concentration sensor (11) is electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit; The dust concentration detection box (1) is electrically connected to the signal processing box (2) via a cable; The water tank (8) is connected to the water divider (125) of the mechanical pneumatic switching box (12) through the water pipe 1 (9), and the two water outlets of the water divider (125) are respectively connected to the air pressure boosting device (5) through the water pipe 2 (10) and connected to the foaming box (6) through the water pipe C (11); The air pressure boosting device (5) is connected to the electromagnetic valve (121) through the air pipe and is connected to the pneumatic stirring blade (7) through the air pipe. The air pressure boosting device (5) is also connected to the water mist nozzle (131) of the concentric nozzle mounting plate (13) through the water pipe; The foaming agent storage tank (3) is connected to the foaming box (6) via a foaming agent delivery pipe (4), a flow control valve (14) is provided on the foaming agent delivery pipe (4), and the flow control valve (14) is connected to the air pressure boosting device (5) via an air pipe; The foaming box (6) is provided with a pneumatic stirring blade (7), and the foaming box (6) is connected to the foam nozzle (132) of the concentric nozzle mounting plate (13) through a foam delivery pipe (15); The concentric nozzle mounting plate (13) comprises two concentric rings, the water mist nozzles (131) are evenly mounted on the outer ring, and the foam nozzles (132) are evenly mounted on the inner ring; The piston rod of the cylinder (122) is initially in the extended position, at which time the water diverter (125) is located at the 0° position, and the guide groove (126) is connected to the second water pipe (10).

2. The mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal processing box (2) includes a signal amplification unit, a threshold determination unit, and a control output unit. The signal amplification unit, the threshold determination unit, and the control output unit are electrically connected in sequence. The control output unit is electrically connected to the solenoid valve (121) and the flow control valve (14) in the mechanical pneumatic switching box (12) through cables. The dust concentration detection box (1) is connected to the signal processing box (2) via a cable, and the signal processing box (2) is used to receive and process the signal from the dust concentration sensor and output a control signal to the mechanical pneumatic switching box (12) and the foaming agent delivery pipe (4); The signal amplification unit is used to amplify the weak signal output by the dust concentration sensor (11), and the threshold determination unit determines the dust concentration according to a preset threshold and outputs a control signal to the mechanical pneumatic switching box (12).

3. The mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mechanical pneumatic switching box (12) comprises a solenoid valve (121), a cylinder (122), a rack (123), a gear (124), and a water divider (125); the solenoid valve (121) is connected to the cylinder (122) through an air pipe; the front end of the piston rod of the cylinder (122) is fixedly connected to one end of the rack (123); the rack (123) is meshed with the gear (124); the gear (124) and the water divider (125) are coaxially fixedly connected; a guide groove (126) is provided in the water divider (125); and the circumferential angle of the guide groove (126) is 120°.

4. The mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A solenoid valve (121) powered by a 24V DC power supply is provided in the mechanical pneumatic switching box (12). The solenoid valve receives a control signal from the signal processing box (2) through the electromagnetic coil, and drives the valve core to operate to control the on-off of the air path of the cylinder (122); the cylinder (122) is supplied with air through the air pressure boosting device (5), the front end of the piston rod of the cylinder (122) is connected to the rack (123), the gear (124) is engaged with the rack (123) connected to the front end of the piston rod of the cylinder (122), and the cylinder (122) drives the rack (123) performs linear reciprocating motion, driving the gear (124) to rotate, and the gear (124) is coaxial with the water diverter (125); the initial position of the piston rod is the extended position, at which time the water diverter (125) is at 0°, and the guide groove (126) is connected to the water pipe 2 (10); when the piston rod retracts, it drives the water diverter (125) to rotate 120° counterclockwise to connect to the water pipe C (11), and when it is extended, it returns to 0° clockwise; the rotation stroke of the water diverter (125) is limited to the range of 0°–120° by the limit structure.

5. The mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A guide groove (126) is provided in the water diverter (125), and the guide groove (126) is a fan-shaped groove with a fan-shaped angle of 120°.

6. The mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentric nozzle mounting plate (13) comprises two concentric rings, the water mist nozzle (131) is mounted on the outer ring, and the foam nozzle (132) is mounted on the inner ring.

7. The mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A flow control valve (14) is installed on the foaming agent delivery pipe (4). The flow control valve (14) adjusts the foaming agent flow rate according to the control signal output by the signal processing box (2), thereby automatically controlling the amount of foaming agent added under different dust concentrations to ensure accurate delivery of the foaming agent.

8. The dust suppression device for mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foaming agent delivery pipe (4) is provided with a flow control valve (14), which includes a pneumatic actuator. The pneumatic actuator is connected to the air source of the air pressure boosting device (5) and is connected to the signal processing box (2) through an air pipe. The pneumatic actuator is used to receive a control air signal from the signal processing box (2) to adjust the valve core opening and realize the regulation of the foaming agent flow.

9. The mining dust suppression device with intelligent switching between foam and water mist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic stirring blade (7) is used in the foaming tank (6) and is connected to the air pressure boosting device (5), and is powered by the air pressure boosting device to perform stirring.

10. A method for using the foam and water mist intelligent switching mining dust suppression device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: The dust concentration in the air of the mining area is monitored in real time by a dust concentration detection box (1), and the dust concentration sensor (11) transmits the detection signal to a signal processing box (2); Step 2: The signal processing box (2) receives and amplifies the dust concentration signal, determines the current dust concentration level through the threshold determination unit, and generates a corresponding control signal; Step 3: The signal processing box (2) outputs a control signal to drive the electromagnetic valve (121) in the mechanical pneumatic switching box (12) to be on and off, control the cylinder (122) to operate, make the rack (123) drive the gear (124) to rotate, drive the water diverter (125) to automatically switch the water flow direction according to the dust concentration, and guide the water to the water mist nozzle (131) or the foaming box (6); Step 4: When the dust concentration is lower than the preset threshold, the electromagnetic valve (121) maintains a normally open air path, the piston rod is in the extended position, the guide groove (126) is aligned with the water pipe 2 (10), and the water is pressurized through the water pipe 1 (9) and the water pipe 2 (10) and the air pressure boosting device (5) and then sprayed by the water mist nozzle (131) to reduce dust; Step 5: When the dust concentration is higher than the preset threshold, the signal processing box (2) triggers the solenoid valve (121) to switch, the piston rod of the cylinder (122) retracts, the water diverter (125) rotates counterclockwise to 120 degrees, the guide groove (126) is aligned with the water pipe C (11), and water enters the foaming box (6) through the water pipe 1 (9) and the water pipe C (11); at the same time, the foaming agent in the foaming agent storage tank (3) is injected through the foaming agent delivery pipe (4) under the regulation of the flow control valve (14) and mixed with the water; Step 6: The pneumatic stirring blades (7) in the foaming box (6) stir the foam evenly under the power provided by the air pressure boosting device (5), so that the foam is stably formed. The generated foam is transported to the foam nozzle (132) through the foam delivery pipe (15), and is sprayed after being pressurized by the air pressure boosting device (5), thereby achieving efficient foam dust reduction; Step 7: The entire control system automatically adjusts the switching between water mist and foam dust suppression and the flow rate of the foam agent according to the real-time changes in dust concentration.

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