Mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine safety monitoring, and discloses a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system which comprises a mine shaft, a monitoring module is arranged at the shaft wall position of the mine shaft, and the monitoring module is used for collecting water level and water pressure data of different depths of a mine in real time; a drainage module is arranged at the bottom of the mine shaft, the drainage module is used for executing an accumulated water drainage task and switching a main pump and a standby pump, a control module is arranged in the waterproof control box, and the control module is used for processing monitoring data and executing logic judgment. Through combined use of a laser distance measuring sensor and a pressure type sensor, data are collected from two dimensions of water surface distance and shaft bottom water pressure, a dual-channel transmission mode of wired transmission and wireless LoRa communication is combined, a control module carries out fusion processing on multi-source data, an early warning signal is rapidly triggered when the mine water level is abnormal, and the early warning effect is achieved. And support is provided for emergency response.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine safety monitoring, in particular to a mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system. Background Art

[0002] Mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage systems are core facilities for safe mine production. They are primarily used to monitor underground water accumulation in real time and automatically perform drainage operations to prevent flooding accidents and equipment damage. Traditional systems typically use a single type of sensor for water level detection, using wired communication to transmit data to a control unit, which then uses a fixed-power drainage pump to perform the pumping task. Such systems have basic application value in scenarios where the mine hydrological environment is relatively stable, but their technical architecture and functional design cannot meet the high reliability requirements of complex mine conditions.

[0003] Currently, the existing water level monitoring system relies on a single sensing principle. The sensor deployment density is insufficient or the installation location is restricted, resulting in limited water level data coverage and difficulty in fully reflecting the actual water level changes at different depths in the mine. At the same time, the communication link mostly adopts single-mode transmission, which is prone to signal interruption in the complex electromagnetic environment or mechanical damage of the mine, resulting in loss or delay of monitoring data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system, which solves the problem that the key links of water inrush warning and emergency response have lagging risks, which directly affects the safety of mine operations and the effectiveness of disaster prevention and control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system, comprising:

[0006] A mine shaft, wherein a monitoring module is provided at the shaft wall of the mine shaft, and the monitoring module is used to collect water level and water pressure data at different depths of the mine in real time; a drainage module is provided at the bottom of the mine shaft, and the drainage module is used to perform the task of removing accumulated water and switching the main and standby pumps;

[0007] A waterproof control box, wherein a control module is provided inside the waterproof control box, and the control module is used to process monitoring data and perform logical judgment. The control module is connected to the monitoring module via a cable passing through the waterproof control box;

[0008] An alarm mechanism is installed at the edge of the mine shaft opening and is used to provide dual early warnings to both the underground site and the ground monitoring center through sound and light alarms and remote signal transmission;

[0009] A power supply module is used to supply power to each module.

[0010] Preferably, the monitoring module includes:

[0011] Laser ranging sensors, which are installed on preset brackets on the shaft wall of the mine at intervals of 50cm-100cm, and are used to measure the distance to the water surface;

[0012] A pressure sensor is fixed inside a 304 stainless steel protective sleeve at the aquifer at the bottom of the mine shaft, and a water-permeable hole is provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve;

[0013] A redundant communication unit, wherein the redundant communication unit integrates a wired transmission interface and a wireless LoRa transmitter, and the redundant communication unit is used for dual-channel data transmission.

[0014] Preferably, the drainage module includes:

[0015] A main drainage pump and a backup water pump, wherein the main drainage pump and the backup water pump are arranged in parallel at the bottom of the mine shaft;

[0016] A Y-type filter, which is connected to the front end of the water inlet of the main drainage pump, and a self-cleaning brush head is provided at the bottom of the Y-type filter;

[0017] An electric three-way valve is provided with a pump status detector, which is used for automatic switching between the main and standby pumps.

[0018] Preferably, the control module includes:

[0019] A data acquisition unit is used to receive the original signals of the laser ranging sensor and the pressure sensor, perform AD conversion, noise filtering and data normalization, and output a standard digital water level signal;

[0020] Threshold comparison unit, with built-in programmable water level threshold memory, stores multi-level water level thresholds, compares real-time water level data with preset thresholds, and triggers graded drainage or alarm instructions;

[0021] The drive control unit receives instructions from the threshold comparison unit, generates a PWM control signal and outputs it to the drain pump inverter to adjust the power level of the main drain pump;

[0022] The time delay protector can forcibly limit the start and stop frequency of the drainage pump by starting the time interval setter, and block repeated start requests within the set time window;

[0023] The power regulator monitors the load current, voltage and temperature parameters of the drainage pump motor in real time, dynamically calculates the optimal input power and feeds it back to the drive control unit.

[0024] Preferably, the power module includes:

[0025] Explosion-proof battery pack with built-in overcharge protector, installed at the bottom of the waterproof control box;

[0026] Folding photovoltaic panels are installed on the peripheral brackets of the mine shaft entrance and are electrically connected to the explosion-proof battery pack;

[0027] The circuit switching module gives priority to the mains power supply and switches to the backup power supply in case of an abnormality.

[0028] Preferably, the drainage module further includes:

[0029] The check valve is installed at the rear end of the main drainage pump outlet to prevent water from flowing back;

[0030] The water quality detector is installed in front of the Y-type filter to monitor the impurity concentration in the water in real time.

[0031] Preferably, the water outlets of the main drainage pump and the backup water pump are both connected to quick connectors, a tee pipe is connected between one end of the two quick connectors, and is connected to the segmented drainage pipe and laid along the tunnel wall, and the outer surface of the segmented drainage pipe is spirally wrapped with a pipe wall heating belt.

[0032] Preferably, the alarm mechanism includes:

[0033] A rotating warning light and a buzzer, wherein the rotating warning light and the buzzer are embedded in an explosion-proof housing at the edge of the mine shaft opening;

[0034] The wireless alarm transmitter communicates with the ground monitoring center to send fault codes and abnormal water level signals.

[0035] Preferably, a modular mounting rail is installed inside the waterproof control box, and the modular mounting rail is used to fix the control module and the power module. A shock-absorbing base is installed at the bottom of the waterproof control box.

[0036] A method for monitoring underground water level and automatically draining water from a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0037] The distance to the water surface is measured in real time using a laser ranging sensor installed on a pre-set bracket on the shaft wall. Simultaneously, a pressure sensor is fixed within a 304 stainless steel protective sleeve located at the aquifer at the bottom of the shaft. The water permeable holes at the bottom accurately transmit water pressure data. The water level information collected by the dual sensors is uploaded to the control module in the waterproof control box via the wired transmission interface of the redundant communication unit or the wireless LoRa transmitter.

[0038] After that, the data acquisition unit of the control module processes the signal, and the threshold comparison unit compares it with the preset value in the programmable water level threshold memory. When the water level exceeds the limit, the drive control unit starts the main drainage pump at the bottom of the well through the drainage pump inverter. The water flows through the self-cleaning brush head at the front end of the Y-type filter to filter out impurities and then enters the main drainage pump. The check valve at the rear end of the water outlet prevents backflow. During the drainage process, the water quality detector monitors the water quality at the front end of the Y-type filter in real time and feeds back the data to the control module. If the pump status detector detects a failure in the main drainage pump, it triggers the electric three-way valve to switch to the parallel backup water pump to continue drainage.

[0039] The extracted water is connected to the tunnel wall through a segmented drainage pipe laid along the tunnel wall via a quick connector. The spirally wound pipe wall heating tape on the outer surface is energized to prevent freezing in low temperature environments.

[0040] The system is powered by an explosion-proof battery pack installed at the bottom of a waterproof control box. It and the foldable photovoltaic panels on the wellhead's peripheral brackets achieve switching between mains power and renewable energy power through a circuit switching module.

[0041] When the water level is abnormal or the equipment fails, the rotating warning light and buzzer in the explosion-proof housing at the edge of the wellhead will start the sound and light alarm, and the wireless alarm transmitter will send an early warning signal to the ground monitoring center.

[0042] The present invention provides a mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The present invention uses a combination of laser ranging sensors and pressure sensors to collect data from two dimensions: distance to the water surface and bottom water pressure. Combining the dual-channel transmission mode of wired transmission and wireless LoRa communication, the present invention reduces the impact of single sensor or communication link failure on data integrity. The laser ranging sensors are installed at intervals to cover different depths of the mine shaft. The pressure sensors directly contact the water body through a protective cover with permeable holes, enhancing the diversity of data sources. The control module integrates and processes multi-source data to form complementary water level judgment logic. When the mine water level is abnormal, an early warning signal is quickly triggered to support emergency response.

[0044] 2. This invention uses a control module to dynamically adjust the operating status of the drainage pump based on real-time water level changes. Incorporating a time-delay protection mechanism, it prevents hardware damage caused by frequent starts and stops. When the main drainage pump experiences an operational anomaly, a pump status detector and an electric three-way valve automatically switch to the backup pump, maintaining continuous drainage operations. The water quality detection function at the front end of the Y-type filter, combined with a self-cleaning structure, reduces the risk of impurity blockage. The check valve structure effectively controls water flow direction. Through multi-step coordination, this extends the equipment's service life and reduces the impact of sudden failures on drainage operations.

[0045] 3、The waterproof control box adopts modular installation guide rail and shock absorbing base design, simplifies equipment maintenance process and reduces the interference of underground vibration on core components, horizontal adjustment structure adapts to the problem of roadway ground inclination, segmented drainage pipe is combined with adjustable support frame through quick connection structure, supports flexible deployment and terrain adaptability adjustment, pipe wall heating function relieves the restriction of low temperature environment on drainage efficiency, the mixed energy scheme of explosion-proof battery pack and photovoltaic power supply unit provides multi-mode power guarantee combined with automatic switching mechanism, the overall structure design considers the complex environment demand of mine, reduces the installation difficulty and operation and maintenance cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 A path flow chart of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2 A frame schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 A mine shaft frame schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4 A waterproof control box frame schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0050] Figure 5 A frame schematic diagram of an alarm mechanism of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0051] Figure 6 A power module schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0052] Figure 7 A segmented drainage pipe frame schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0053] Figure 8 A monitoring module schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0054] Figure 9 A drainage module schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0055] Figure 10 A control module schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage system of the present application;

[0056] Figure 11 A flow schematic diagram of a mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Please see the attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 7 The embodiment of the present invention provides a mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system, comprising:

[0059] Mine shaft: A monitoring module is installed at the wall of the mine shaft. The monitoring module is used to collect water level and water pressure data at different depths of the mine in real time. A drainage module is installed at the bottom of the mine shaft. The drainage module is used to perform water removal tasks and switch between the main and standby pumps;

[0060] A waterproof control box is provided with a control module inside the waterproof control box. The control module is used to process monitoring data and perform logical judgment. The control module is connected to the monitoring module through a cable running through the waterproof control box;

[0061] Alarm mechanism: The alarm mechanism is installed at the edge of the mine shaft. The alarm mechanism is used to achieve dual early warning at the underground site and the ground monitoring center through sound and light alarms and remote signal transmission;

[0062] Power module: The power module is used to provide power to each module.

[0063] Through modular layout, a complete closed-loop control system is formed to achieve real-time monitoring of mine water levels, integrated management of automatic drainage and emergency response. The monitoring module and drainage module are separately installed on the well wall and bottom, covering the hydrological data collection of the three-dimensional space of the mine. The control module centrally processes and makes decisions, improves system response efficiency, and reduces manual inspection costs.

[0064] Please see the attached Figure 8 , the monitoring module includes:

[0065] Laser distance measuring sensors are installed on preset brackets on the shaft wall of the mine shaft at intervals of 50cm-100cm. The laser distance measuring sensors are used to measure the distance to the water surface.

[0066] The pressure sensor is fixed inside a 304 stainless steel protective cover at the aquifer at the bottom of the mine shaft, and a water-permeable hole is provided at the bottom of the protective cover;

[0067] The redundant communication unit integrates a wired transmission interface and a wireless LoRa transmitter, and is used for dual-channel data transmission.

[0068] Laser ranging sensors are installed at intervals of 50cm-100cm to cover water level changes at different depths, avoiding blind spots in single-point monitoring and keeping the error range within ±3cm. The pressure sensor utilizes a 304 stainless steel protective cover combined with a water-permeable hole design to protect the sensor from gravel impact in the complex environment at the bottom of the well while ensuring the authenticity of the water pressure data. The redundant communication unit uses a dual-channel mode with wired transmission as the main method and wireless LoRa as the auxiliary method, maintaining a 90% data transmission success rate even in the event of strong electromagnetic interference in the mine or cable breakage.

[0069] Please see the attached Figure 9 , drainage module includes:

[0070] The main drainage pump and the backup water pump are arranged in parallel at the bottom of the mine shaft;

[0071] Y-type filter, the Y-type filter is connected to the front end of the water inlet of the main drainage pump, and a self-cleaning brush head is provided at the bottom of the Y-type filter;

[0072] Electric three-way valve, the electric three-way valve is equipped with a pump status detector, which is used for automatic switching between the main and standby pumps.

[0073] When the main pump fails, the backup pump is switched within 5 seconds, shortening the drainage interruption time by 80%, meeting the continuous drainage needs of the mine. In addition, the filtration accuracy of the Y-type filter and self-cleaning brush head reaches 0.5mm, and the automatic cleaning of the brush head reduces the frequency of manual clearing.

[0074] Please see the attached Figure 10 , the control module includes:

[0075] Data acquisition unit: The data acquisition unit is used to receive the original signals of the laser ranging sensor and the pressure sensor, and perform AD conversion, noise filtering and data normalization processing to output a standard digital water level signal;

[0076] Threshold comparison unit, with built-in programmable water level threshold memory, stores multi-level water level thresholds, compares real-time water level data with preset thresholds, and triggers graded drainage or alarm instructions;

[0077] The drive control unit receives instructions from the threshold comparison unit, generates a PWM control signal and outputs it to the drain pump inverter to adjust the power level of the main drain pump;

[0078] The time delay protector can forcibly limit the start and stop frequency of the drainage pump by starting the time interval setter, and block repeated start requests within the set time window;

[0079] The power regulator monitors the load current, voltage and temperature parameters of the drainage pump motor in real time, dynamically calculates the optimal input power and feeds it back to the drive control unit.

[0080] The threshold comparison unit supports multi-level water level threshold settings. The response time for triggering the drainage command is ≤1 second. The delay protector forces the drainage pump restart interval to be ≥5 minutes, reducing the motor overheating failure rate by 40%. The power regulator dynamically adjusts the motor power according to water level changes, achieving a comprehensive energy saving of 25%-30%.

[0081] Multi-level threshold judgment and decision generation, the preset logic is multi-level threshold setting:

[0082] The first threshold is the warning level: the water level reaches 80% of the preset safety value, between 10 meters and 8 meters;

[0083] The second level threshold is the dangerous level: when the water level is equal to the preset safety value of 10 meters;

[0084] The third level threshold is the emergency level: when the water level exceeds the preset safety value by 20% at 12 meters.

[0085] Please see the attached Figure 6 , the power module includes:

[0086] Explosion-proof battery pack with built-in overcharge protector, installed at the bottom of the waterproof control box;

[0087] Folding photovoltaic panels are installed on the peripheral brackets of the mine shaft entrance and are electrically connected to the explosion-proof battery pack;

[0088] The circuit switching module gives priority to the mains power supply and switches to the backup power supply in case of an abnormality.

[0089] The explosion-proof design of the explosion-proof battery pack has passed the GB3836 standard and can safely provide power for 12 hours in an environment with excessive methane concentration. The foldable photovoltaic panel has an average daily power generation of ≥3kWh when the unfolded area is 2㎡, which can supplement the power gap underground. The circuit switching module switches to the backup power supply within 0.2 seconds after the mains power is interrupted to ensure uninterrupted operation of the system.

[0090] Please see the attached Figure 5 , the alarm agencies include:

[0091] The rotating warning light and buzzer are embedded in the explosion-proof housing at the edge of the wellhead;

[0092] The wireless alarm transmitter communicates with the ground monitoring center, sending fault codes and abnormal water level signals. The rotating warning light and buzzer, with a 120dB sound pressure level alarm, have a coverage radius of 50 meters, and the rotating red light is visible up to 200 meters. The wireless alarm transmitter supports 4G / LoRa dual-mode transmission, with signal penetration sufficient for kilometer-deep well communications. Alarm information upload latency is less than 2 seconds.

[0093] Please see the attached Figure 9The outlet of the main drainage pump and the standby water pump is connected with a quick connector, a three-way pipe is connected between one end of the two quick connectors, and is connected with the sectional drainage pipe and laid along the roadway wall, and the outer surface of the sectional drainage pipe is spirally wound with a pipe wall heating belt.

[0094] The installation efficiency of the quick connector and the sectional drainage pipe is improved by 60%, local pipeline replacement is supported, the pipe wall heating belt maintains the pipeline temperature at ≥5℃ in an environment of-20℃, and prevents water interruption caused by icing.

[0095] Please refer to the attached Figure 9 The drainage module further comprises:

[0096] A check valve is arranged at the rear end of the outlet of the main drainage pump to prevent backflow of water flow;

[0097] A water quality detector is installed at the front end of the Y-shaped filter to monitor the impurity concentration in the water in real time.

[0098] The check valve completely blocks the backflow risk and avoids damage to the pump body caused by water hammer effect, and in combination with the water quality detector, the suspended solids concentration is monitored in real time, and when it exceeds the standard, an early warning is triggered to prevent high-impurity water flow from accelerating the wear of the pump body.

[0099] A modular mounting rail is installed in the waterproof control box, which is used to fix the control module and the power module, and a damping base is installed at the bottom of the waterproof control box.

[0100] The modular mounting rail supports the control module and the power module to be plugged and replaced within 10 minutes, reducing the difficulty of maintenance.

[0101] Please refer to the attached Figure 11 A mine underground water level monitoring and automatic drainage method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0102] A laser ranging sensor installed on a pre-set support on the shaft wall of the mine shaft measures the water surface distance in real time, and a pressure sensor is fixed in the 304 stainless steel protective sleeve of the bottom aquifer position, the bottom water permeable hole accurately transmits water pressure data, and the water level information collected by the two sensors is transmitted to the control module in the waterproof control box through the wired transmission interface or the wireless LoRa transmitter of the redundant communication unit.

[0103] After that, the data acquisition unit of the control module processes the signal, and the threshold comparison unit compares it with the preset value in the programmable water level threshold memory. When the water level exceeds the limit, the drive control unit starts the main drainage pump at the bottom of the well through the drainage pump inverter. The water flows through the self-cleaning brush head at the front end of the Y-type filter to filter out impurities and then enters the main drainage pump. The check valve at the rear end of the water outlet prevents backflow. During the drainage process, the water quality detector monitors the water quality at the front end of the Y-type filter in real time and feeds back the data to the control module. If the pump status detector detects a failure in the main drainage pump, it triggers the electric three-way valve to switch to the parallel backup water pump to continue drainage.

[0104] The extracted water is connected to the tunnel wall through a segmented drainage pipe laid along the tunnel wall via a quick connector. The spirally wound pipe wall heating tape on the outer surface is energized to prevent freezing in low temperature environments.

[0105] The system is powered by an explosion-proof battery pack installed at the bottom of a waterproof control box. It and the foldable photovoltaic panels on the wellhead's peripheral brackets achieve switching between mains power and renewable energy power through a circuit switching module.

[0106] When the water level is abnormal or the equipment fails, the rotating warning light and buzzer in the explosion-proof housing at the edge of the wellhead will start the sound and light alarm, and the wireless alarm transmitter will send an early warning signal to the ground monitoring center.

[0107] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system, characterized in that: include: A mine shaft, wherein a monitoring module is provided at the shaft wall of the mine shaft, and the monitoring module is used to collect water level and water pressure data at different depths of the mine in real time; a drainage module is provided at the bottom of the mine shaft, and the drainage module is used to perform the task of removing accumulated water and switching the main and standby pumps; A waterproof control box, wherein a control module is provided inside the waterproof control box, and the control module is used to process monitoring data and perform logical judgment. The control module is connected to the monitoring module via a cable passing through the waterproof control box; An alarm mechanism is installed at the edge of the mine shaft opening and is used to provide dual early warnings to both the underground site and the ground monitoring center through sound and light alarms and remote signal transmission; A power supply module is used to supply power to each module.

2. A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring module includes: Laser ranging sensors, which are installed on preset brackets on the shaft wall of the mine at intervals of 50cm-100cm, and are used to measure the distance to the water surface; A pressure sensor is fixed inside a 304 stainless steel protective sleeve at the aquifer at the bottom of the mine shaft, and a water-permeable hole is provided at the bottom of the protective sleeve; A redundant communication unit, wherein the redundant communication unit integrates a wired transmission interface and a wireless LoRa transmitter, and the redundant communication unit is used for dual-channel data transmission.

3. A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage module includes: A main drainage pump and a backup water pump, wherein the main drainage pump and the backup water pump are arranged in parallel at the bottom of the mine shaft; A Y-type filter, which is connected to the front end of the water inlet of the main drainage pump, and a self-cleaning brush head is provided at the bottom of the Y-type filter; An electric three-way valve is provided with a pump status detector, which is used for automatic switching between the main and standby pumps.

4. A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes: A data acquisition unit is used to receive the original signals of the laser ranging sensor and the pressure sensor, perform AD conversion, noise filtering and data normalization, and output a standard digital water level signal; Threshold comparison unit, with built-in programmable water level threshold memory, stores multi-level water level thresholds, compares real-time water level data with preset thresholds, and triggers graded drainage or alarm instructions; The drive control unit receives instructions from the threshold comparison unit, generates a PWM control signal and outputs it to the drain pump inverter to adjust the power level of the main drain pump; The time delay protector can forcibly limit the start and stop frequency of the drainage pump by starting the time interval setter, and block repeated start requests within the set time window; The power regulator monitors the load current, voltage and temperature parameters of the drainage pump motor in real time, dynamically calculates the optimal input power and feeds it back to the drive control unit.

5. The mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module includes: Explosion-proof battery pack with built-in overcharge protector, installed at the bottom of the waterproof control box; Folding photovoltaic panels are installed on the peripheral brackets of the mine shaft entrance and are electrically connected to the explosion-proof battery pack; The circuit switching module gives priority to the mains power supply and switches to the backup power supply in case of an abnormality.

6. A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm mechanism comprises: The rotating warning light and buzzer are embedded in the explosion-proof housing at the edge of the wellhead; The wireless alarm transmitter communicates with the ground monitoring center to send fault codes and abnormal water level signals.

7. A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water outlets of the main drainage pump and the backup water pump are both connected to quick connectors. A tee pipe is connected between one end of the two quick connectors and is connected to the segmented drainage pipe and laid along the tunnel wall. The outer surface of the segmented drainage pipe is spirally wrapped with a pipe wall heating belt.

8. The mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage module also includes: The check valve is installed at the rear end of the main drainage pump outlet to prevent water from flowing back; The water quality detector is installed in front of the Y-type filter to monitor the impurity concentration in the water in real time.

9. The mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A modular mounting rail is installed inside the waterproof control box, and the modular mounting rail is used to fix the control module and the power module. A shock-absorbing base is installed at the bottom of the waterproof control box.

10. A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage method, characterized in that: A mine groundwater level monitoring and automatic drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising the following steps: The distance to the water surface is measured in real time using a laser ranging sensor installed on a pre-set bracket on the mine shaft wall. Simultaneously, a pressure sensor is fixed within a 304 stainless steel protective sleeve located at the aquifer at the bottom of the well. The water permeable holes at the bottom accurately transmit water pressure data. The water level information collected by the dual sensors is uploaded to the control module in the waterproof control box via the wired transmission interface of the redundant communication unit or the wireless LoRa transmitter. After that, the data acquisition unit of the control module processes the signal, and the threshold comparison unit compares it with the preset value in the programmable water level threshold memory. When the water level exceeds the limit, the drive control unit starts the main drainage pump at the bottom of the well through the drainage pump inverter. The water flows through the self-cleaning brush head at the front end of the Y-type filter to filter out impurities and then enters the main drainage pump. The check valve at the rear end of the water outlet prevents backflow. During the drainage process, the water quality detector monitors the water quality at the front end of the Y-type filter in real time and feeds back the data to the control module. If the pump status detector detects a failure in the main drainage pump, it triggers the electric three-way valve to switch to the parallel backup water pump to continue drainage. The extracted water is connected to the tunnel wall through a segmented drainage pipe laid along the tunnel wall via a quick connector. The spirally wound pipe wall heating tape on the outer surface is energized to prevent freezing in low temperature environments. The system is powered by an explosion-proof battery pack installed at the bottom of a waterproof control box. It and the foldable photovoltaic panels on the wellhead's peripheral brackets achieve switching between mains power and renewable energy power through a circuit switching module. When the water level is abnormal or the equipment fails, the rotating warning light and buzzer in the explosion-proof housing at the edge of the wellhead will start the sound and light alarm, and the wireless alarm transmitter will send an early warning signal to the ground monitoring center.

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