Mine disaster prevention and control and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine disaster prevention and control and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principles, which comprises a vacuum solar heat collector connected with a Rankine cycle system to convert solar energy into heat energy; the carbon dioxide thermosyphon device is vertically mounted in a mine elevator shaft to absorb heat of a rock stratum; the liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop surrounds the mining area to realize active cooling; the heat storage tank and the lithium ion battery respectively store heat energy and electric energy; and the intelligent control system operates coordinately. The solar heat collector drives the Rankine cycle to generate power and provides a heat source for the thermosyphon device, the thermosyphon device transmits rock stratum heat through the thermosyphon effect, the cooling loop in the mine cooperates with the thermosyphon device to regulate and control the temperature and humidity of a mining area, and an energy self-sufficient and heat damage prevention closed loop is formed. By coupling solar Rankine cycle power generation and thermosyphon terrestrial heat recovery, energy self-sufficiency is achieved; a carbon dioxide working medium transcritical phase change cycle is used for cooperating with a liquid cooling loop to reduce the underground temperature; deep well heat damage is treated with low energy consumption, and mining safety is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine disaster prevention, in particular to a mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of deep mining, the temperature of rock stratum continues to rise with the depth, and a high-temperature and high-humidity environment is often formed at the working face, which seriously affects the safety of personnel and the normal operation of equipment. The traditional cooling method mainly relies on the power-driven compression refrigeration system, which has high energy consumption, and the stability of the mine power grid is insufficient, which further restricts the system efficiency. At the same time, a large amount of geothermal resources is dissipated through the rock wall and water inrush, which not only aggravates the heat damage problem but also causes continuous waste of energy. The existing technology cannot effectively coordinate energy recovery and environmental governance, forming a technical bottleneck of high energy consumption and low efficiency.

[0003] The current widely used ground source heat pump system has obvious limitations: it needs to drill deep heat exchange holes, the construction process is complex and easy to damage the stability of rock mass structure; the flow rate difference of underground water leads to significant fluctuations in heat exchange efficiency, making it difficult to ensure continuous and reliable cooling effect. Although the solar assisted refrigeration technology has environmental advantages, it is severely restricted by weather conditions, and its intermittent characteristics require a large-capacity energy storage unit, and the high-temperature mine environment greatly shortens the service life of the energy storage equipment. In addition, the mine water inrush heat recovery scheme has limited actual utilization rate due to low heat source grade and unstable flow, which cannot meet the cooling demand of deep mining.

[0004] The existing Rankine cycle and thermosyphon combination scheme still faces multiple challenges: the stability of traditional refrigerant is insufficient in high-temperature rock stratum environment, which poses a safety risk; the vertical heat transfer capacity of a single thermosyphon device is limited, which is difficult to meet the needs of kilometer-deep wells; the energy conversion module and the refrigeration system operate independently, and the latent heat of the environmentally friendly working fluid is not fully utilized. The mining field urgently needs an integrated system that can simultaneously achieve efficient geothermal recovery, stable solar energy conversion, refrigeration chain optimization, and energy intelligent allocation, thereby fundamentally breaking through the long-term contradiction between heat damage control and energy consumption. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above technical problems in the related art, the present application provides a mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle, which can overcome the above shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above technical purposes, the technical solution of the present application is as follows: A mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle; The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle comprises a vacuum solar collector for converting solar energy into heat energy and connecting with a Rankine cycle system, a carbon dioxide thermosyphon device vertically installed in a mine elevator shaft for absorbing heat of underground rock strata, a liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop arranged around a mine mining area for reducing ambient temperature, a heat storage tank and a lithium ion battery respectively used for storing heat energy and electric energy, and an intelligent control system for coordinating system operation. The heat energy generated by the vacuum solar collector drives the Rankine cycle to generate power and provides a heat source for the thermosyphon device.

[0007] Further, the Rankine cycle system further comprises a carbon dioxide gas turbine, a generator, a separator, and a distributor. The output end of the vacuum solar collector is divided into two paths: the first path connects the carbon dioxide gas turbine to drive the generator to generate power; and the second path connects the heat storage tank through a bypass valve to store heat energy.

[0008] Further, the carbon dioxide thermosyphon device is composed of multiple vertically connected segments, each segment being 50-100 meters long; adjacent segments are connected through a sealing flange connector, and each segment comprises an outer thermal insulation pipeline and an inner working fluid pipeline; a terminal unit at the top and an extension surface at the bottom, the extension surface having a ridge structure to enhance evaporation / condensation efficiency.

[0009] Further, the terminal unit is internally provided with a heat exchanger for condensing gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid state at a condensation temperature of 30-40℃; the liquid carbon dioxide is returned to the bottom end of the device through the gap between the outer pipeline and the inner pipeline.

[0010] Further, the liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop comprises a CO2 refrigerator connected to the terminal unit of the thermosyphon device, a liquid carbon dioxide circulating pump for driving the cooling working fluid to circulate, and a fan cooler arranged in the roadway for forced convection heat dissipation.

[0011] Further, it further comprises a carbon dioxide heat pump system composed of a carbon dioxide compressor, an evaporator, and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser; for compressing and condensing gaseous carbon dioxide in the heat storage tank into liquid state, and providing low-temperature working fluid for the distributor after heat absorption by the evaporator.

[0012] Further, the lithium ion battery stores the electric energy generated by the generator during the day and drives the liquid carbon dioxide pump, the cold water pump, and the carbon dioxide compressor at night.

[0013] Furthermore, the ridge-like structure of the extended surface promotes evaporation of liquid working medium at the upper end of the thermosiphon device and accelerates condensation of gaseous working medium at the lower end.

[0014] Furthermore, solar energy is used to drive the Rankine cycle during the day; at night, the energy supply is switched to the heat storage tank and lithium-ion battery; under extreme working conditions, the number of activated sections of the thermal siphon device and the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit are increased.

[0015] Furthermore, the pipeline of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit is installed along the top or side wall of the tunnel, and the output flow of the CO2 refrigerator is controlled by a regulating valve.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by coupling the vacuum solar collector with the carbon dioxide Rankine cycle power generation system, solar energy is efficiently converted into electrical energy and thermal energy; the heat of deep rock is vertically absorbed by the segmented carbon dioxide thermosiphon device, and the geothermal recovery rate is improved by using the thermosiphon effect; the phase change potential of the carbon dioxide working fluid is maximized by coordinating the transcritical refrigeration chain cycle through the liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop; thereby significantly reducing the mine cooling energy consumption and dependence on the power grid, and enhancing the system's full-time operation stability; thereby achieving the dual goals of active prevention and control of deep well heat damage and self-sufficient energy supply, effectively ensuring mining safety and environmental benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Vacuum solar collector; 2. CO2 gas turbine; 3. Separator; 4. Heat storage tank; 5. Distributor; 6. CO2 compressor; 7. Evaporator; 8. CO2 refrigerator; 9. Hot tank; 10. CO2 thermosiphon device; 11. Lithium-ion battery; 12. Liquid CO2 cooling circuit; 13. Liquid CO2 circulation pump; 14. Chilled water pump; 15. Liquid CO2 pump; 16. Generator; 17. Control valve; 18. CO2 heat pump condenser; 19. Bypass valve; 26. Mine surface; 27. Mining facilities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "several" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a vacuum solar collector 1 for converting solar energy into thermal energy and connected to the Rankine cycle system; a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 vertically installed in the mine elevator shaft for absorbing heat from underground rock formations; a liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop 12 is set around the mining area to reduce the ambient temperature; a heat storage tank 4 and a lithium-ion battery 11 are used to store thermal energy and electrical energy, respectively; and an intelligent control system is used to coordinate system operation. Among them, the heat energy generated by the vacuum solar collector 1 drives the Rankine cycle to generate electricity and provides a heat source for the thermosiphon device 10; the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 transfers the heat of the rock formation to the surface through the thermosiphon effect; the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 cooperates with the thermosiphon device 10 to achieve active cooling of the mining area.

[0022] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, the Rankine cycle system further includes a carbon dioxide gas turbine 2, a generator 16, a separator 3, and a distributor 5; The output end of the vacuum solar collector 1 is divided into two paths: the first path is connected to the carbon dioxide gas turbine 2 to drive the generator 16 to generate electricity; the second path is connected to the heat storage tank 4 through the bypass valve 19 to store heat energy.

[0023] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 is composed of a plurality of vertically connected segments in series, each segment is 50-100 meters long; adjacent segments are connected by a sealing flange connector 24, and each segment includes: an outer insulated pipe and an inner working fluid pipe; a terminal unit at the top and an extended surface at the bottom, wherein the extended surface has a ridged structure to enhance evaporation / condensation efficiency.

[0024] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, the terminal unit has a built-in heat exchanger for condensing gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid, and the condensation temperature is 30-40°C; the liquid carbon dioxide returns to the bottom of the device through the gap between the outer pipe and the inner pipe.

[0025] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 includes: a CO2 refrigerator 8, connected to the terminal unit of the thermosiphon device 10; a liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump 13, driving the cooling medium circulation; a fan cooler arranged in the tunnel for forced convection heat dissipation.

[0026] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, it also includes a carbon dioxide heat pump system, which is composed of a carbon dioxide compressor 6, an evaporator 7, and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser 18; it is used to compress and condense the gaseous carbon dioxide in the heat storage tank 4 into liquid, and provide a low-temperature working fluid to the distributor 5 after absorbing heat in the evaporator 7.

[0027] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, the lithium-ion battery 11 stores the electricity generated by the generator 16 during the day and drives the liquid carbon dioxide pump 15, the cold water pump 14 and the carbon dioxide compressor 6 at night.

[0028] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, the ridge structure of the extended surface 25 promotes the evaporation of the liquid working medium at the upper end of the thermosiphon device 10 and accelerates the condensation of the gaseous working medium at the lower end.

[0029] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, solar energy is preferentially used to drive the Rankine cycle during the day; at night, the heat storage tank 4 and the lithium-ion battery 11 are switched to supply energy; under extreme working conditions, the number of activated sections of the thermosiphon device 10 and the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 are increased.

[0030] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, the pipeline of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 is installed along the top or side wall of the tunnel, and the output flow of the CO2 refrigerator 8 is controlled by the regulating valve 17.

[0031] In general, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in the present invention includes the following core components: a vacuum solar collector 1, a carbon dioxide gas turbine 2, a generator 16, a separator 3, a heat storage tank 4, a distributor 5, a carbon dioxide compressor 6, an evaporator 7, a CO2 refrigerator 8, a heat tank 9, a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10, a lithium-ion battery 11, a liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12, a liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump 13, a cold water pump 14, a liquid carbon dioxide pump 15, a regulating valve 17, and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser 18. These components are connected by pressure-resistant pipes and cables to form an integrated system. Among them, the vacuum solar collector 1 is preferably a vacuum solar collector (150℃-200℃, 10Mpa) with a maximum power of 100 kilowatts; the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 is preferably a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device with a temperature of 5Mpa, 5℃ (cooling)-50℃ (heating), and its specifications are preferably 50m-100m / section; for example: for a mine with a depth of 600 meters, a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device with 6 to 12 sections is used accordingly.

[0032] The core working principle of the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in the present invention is as follows: Energy Conversion and Thermal Management: The vacuum solar collector 1 absorbs solar thermal energy, converting the carbon dioxide working medium into a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas is divided into two paths: The first path leads to the CO2 gas turbine 2, which drives the generator 16 to generate electricity; The second path leads to the heat storage tank 4 through the bypass valve 19 to store thermal energy for power generation at night.

[0033] The regulating valve 17 regulates the gas pressure from the CO2 gas turbine 2 and the heat storage tank 4 via the distributor 5. The lithium-ion battery 11 stores surplus electrical energy to provide power for nighttime operation.

[0034] Heat pump refrigeration cycle: The carbon dioxide heat pump system consists of a carbon dioxide compressor 6, a heat pump condenser 18, and an evaporator 7: The carbon dioxide compressor 6 compresses the gaseous working medium; The heat pump condenser 18 condenses the compressed gas into liquid; The liquid working medium enters the evaporator 7 after expansion and pressure reduction to absorb heat and evaporate, cooling the gas from the distributor 5; The cooled gas is liquefied and transported to the CO2 refrigerator 8 via the liquid carbon dioxide pump 15 .

[0035] Thermosyphon and Cooling Execution: The carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 is vertically arranged in sections in the elevator shaft, with each section being 50 to 100 meters long: The liquid carbon dioxide output by the CO2 refrigerator 8 is injected into the lower end of the thermosiphon device 10; The working fluid absorbs the heat of the rock formation and evaporates, rising along the inner pipe to the terminal unit where it is condensed and refluxed through the heat exchanger at a temperature between 30°C and 40°C. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit is arranged around the mining area, and the cold energy is transported to the tunnel through the fan cooler in the circuit, achieving precise control of the ambient temperature and humidity.

[0036] System collaborative closed loop: The power generation system generates electricity that drives the liquid CO2 circulation pump 13, the chilled water pump 14, and other equipment. The lithium-ion battery 11 coordinates daytime and nighttime power distribution, and the heat tank 9 stores excess heat. These subsystems dynamically coordinate through intelligent control units, forming a closed loop of energy production, heat damage prevention, and carbon recycling.

[0037] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle of the present invention, the structure and principle of the thermosiphon system are as follows: The entire thermosiphon system is composed of a plurality of carbon dioxide thermosiphon devices 10 units that are vertically arranged and longitudinally connected in sequence.

[0038] Unit Structure: Each of the 10 units of the CO2 thermosiphon device utilizes a double-layered piping design: an inner pipe serves as the working fluid flow channel, while an outer pipe wraps around the inner pipe for insulation. The upper end of the unit is equipped with a terminal unit, which maintains an operating temperature of 30°C to 40°C. The lower end of the unit directly contacts the underground rock formation, and its interface structure is compatible with the terminal unit, ensuring seamless vertical connection of multiple units.

[0039] The heat pipe system is a heat pipe system based on the Rankine cycle and the heat siphon principle. The system comprises a vacuum solar heat collector 1, a Rankine cycle system, and a heat siphon system. The vacuum solar heat collector 1 is installed on the ground surface of the mine. The Rankine cycle system is installed on the ground surface or underground of the mine. The heat siphon system is installed in the elevator shaft of the mine.

[0040] The system connection and heat transfer enhancement: adjacent device units are reliably connected through sealing flange connectors, ensuring the system airtightness and structural strength. Each device unit has a standard length of 50 meters to 100 meters. The connecting surface between units is provided with an extension surface, which has a ridge structure: the extension surface at the upper end of the device enhances the evaporation effect of the downward flowing liquid carbon dioxide; the extension surface at the lower end of the device promotes the condensation process of the rising gaseous carbon dioxide.

[0041] In order to facilitate the understanding of the above technical solutions of the present application, the above technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail through specific use modes.

[0042] In the specific implementation, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and the heat siphon principle according to the present application is installed as follows: Installation of the vacuum solar heat collector 1: The vacuum solar heat collector 1 is installed in an area with sufficient sunlight on the ground surface of the mine, ensuring that the installation angle and orientation of the vacuum solar heat collector 1 can maximize the reception of solar energy. The pipe connection between the vacuum solar heat collector 1 and the Rankine cycle system should use high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipe materials and be strictly sealed to prevent leakage of the working medium.

[0043] Installation of the Rankine cycle system: The carbon dioxide gas turbine 2, the generator 16, the separator 3, the heat storage tank 4, the distributor 5, the carbon dioxide compressor 6, the evaporator 7, the CO2 refrigerator 8, and the heat tank 9 are installed in the special machine room on the ground surface or underground of the mine. The pipe connection between the devices should meet the requirements of fluid mechanics, minimize pipe resistance, and take good insulation and shockproof measures.

[0044] Installation of the heat siphon system: According to the mining depth and the structure of the elevator shaft, the carbon dioxide heat siphon device 10 is installed in the elevator vertical wall in segments. Each segment of the carbon dioxide heat siphon device 10 has a length of 50m-100m, and the vertically connected carbon dioxide heat siphon devices 10 are connected by sealing flange connectors 24 or welding, ensuring the sealing and strength of the carbon dioxide heat siphon device 10 pipes. During installation, attention should be paid to the verticality and stability of the carbon dioxide heat siphon device 10 to avoid affecting the heat siphon effect due to installation deviation.

[0045] Installation of liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit: CO2 refrigerator 8, liquid carbon dioxide circulating pump 13, liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 are arranged in the roadway of the mining area. The pipeline of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 should be installed along the top or side wall of the roadway to avoid affecting the mine transportation and operation. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 contains a fan cooler which is installed at the corresponding position of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 to ensure the cooling effect. The connection between the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 and the air cooler should be tight to ensure that the cold air can be uniformly distributed to the mining area.

[0046] Installation of energy storage system: lithium ion battery 11 is installed in a special battery room with good ventilation and dryness. A number of lithium ion batteries 11 form a lithium ion battery pack. The connection between the lithium ion batteries 11 should be firm and reliable, and insulation and heat dissipation measures should be taken. The battery room should be equipped with fire fighting facilities and temperature monitoring devices to ensure the safe operation of the lithium ion battery 11.

[0047] Installation of intelligent control system: install intelligent control unit in mine control room, connect with each sensor, actuator and equipment through cable. The installation position of the sensor should be able to accurately monitor the temperature, humidity, pressure and other parameters of the mining area and the running state of each system. The actuator should be installed in a position convenient for operation and maintenance.

[0048] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle, the system is debugged and installed as follows: Pipeline pressure test: After all the components of the system are installed, the pipeline systems of the Rankine cycle system, the carbon dioxide thermosyphon device 10 system and the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 need to be tested respectively. The test pressure is set to be not less than 1.5 times of the working pressure, and the pressure maintaining time is at least 30 minutes. During this period and after the test, all the pipeline and related equipment interfaces and sealing points need to be checked comprehensively to confirm that there is no leakage phenomenon.

[0049] Single machine debugging of equipment: Single debugging of key equipment in the system: Vacuum solar collector 1: verify the solar energy absorption and heat conversion efficiency; Carbon dioxide gas turbine 2 and generator 16: check the running speed, output power and other parameters; Carbon dioxide compressor 6: test the compression efficiency, running stability and the like; Fan cooler in liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12: check the air volume, power consumption and cooling effect; Other related equipment: Ensure that their operating parameters (such as speed, temperature, pressure, etc.) meet the design requirements. If any deviation is found during the commissioning process, the equipment installation status or operating parameters should be adjusted in a timely manner to ensure the normal operation of each device.

[0050] System linkage debugging: After all stand-alone devices have passed the debugging, start the overall linkage debugging of the system: Starting the vacuum solar thermal collector 1 to heat the working medium to the design temperature and pressure; Start the Rankine cycle system and observe whether the power generation of the generator 16 driven by the CO2 gas turbine 2 is stable; Simultaneously start the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 system and the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12; Real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity changes in the mining area; Through the intelligent control system, the operating parameters of each functional module (such as the Rankine cycle working fluid flow / pressure, the number of thermosiphon activation stages, the cooling working fluid flow, etc.) are adjusted and optimized online to ensure that the entire system works together efficiently and stably, ultimately maintaining the temperature and humidity in the mining area within the set design range.

[0051] Energy storage system debugging: Special commissioning of the energy storage unit consisting of lithium-ion batteries 11: Conduct charge and discharge cycle tests on lithium-ion battery packs under specified conditions to verify whether their actual capacity, terminal voltage, charge and discharge efficiency and other key performance parameters meet the design requirements; Debug the battery management system to ensure that it can safely monitor the battery pack (such as overcharge and over-discharge protection, temperature monitoring), efficiently manage the charging and discharging process, and achieve coordinated control and energy scheduling with other parts of the system (such as generators and power loads).

[0052] According to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle of the present invention, the operation and control of the system are as follows: Daytime operation mode: During the daytime, the vacuum solar collector 1 absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat energy, heating the carbon dioxide working medium to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The gas drives the carbon dioxide gas turbine 2 to operate, and in turn drives the generator 16 to generate electric energy. Part of the generated electric energy is directly supplied to the mine electrical equipment, and the other part is stored in the lithium ion battery 11. At the same time, the carbon dioxide thermosyphon device 10 system cooperates with the liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop 12 to jointly act on the mining area to realize temperature and humidity control. The intelligent control system automatically optimizes and adjusts the operating parameters (such as working medium flow, pressure) of the Rankine cycle, the number of activated sections of the carbon dioxide thermosyphon device 10, and the working medium flow of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop 12 according to the real-time solar radiation intensity and the temperature and humidity requirements of the mining area, to ensure efficient operation of the entire system.

[0053] Night and cloudy day operation mode: At night or on cloudy days when there is insufficient sunlight, the vacuum solar collector 1 stops collecting heat energy. At this time, the lithium ion battery 11 releases the stored electric energy to drive the carbon dioxide compressor 6, the liquid carbon dioxide pump 15 and other related power equipment to operate. The carbon dioxide thermosyphon device 10 system continues to utilize the heat energy of the underground rock formation to maintain the working state. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop 12 dynamically adjusts its cooling intensity (such as flow, fan speed) according to the real-time temperature monitoring data of the mining area to maintain a stable working environment. The intelligent control system considers the remaining power of the lithium battery 11 and the temperature control requirements of the mining environment, intelligently allocates power resources and optimizes equipment operating parameters to maximize the extension of battery power supply time.

[0054] Extreme working condition response mode: When extreme high temperature weather is encountered or the underground temperature abnormally rises due to increased mining depth, the intelligent control system immediately starts the enhanced response: automatically increases the number of carbon dioxide thermosyphon device 10 sections in operation, and at the same time increases the circulating flow of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop 12 and the output power of its fan cooler to speed up the cooling process of the mining area. If necessary, the system can start the standby refrigeration equipment for reinforcement to ensure mining safety. In the case of system failure, the intelligent control system can quickly detect the abnormality and send an alarm signal, and at the same time automatically switch to standby equipment or a degraded safe operation mode to ensure that the core functions of the system can be maintained.

[0055] In summary, by means of the above technical solutions of the present application, the following specific beneficial effects are achieved: 1. Through the cooperation of the vacuum solar collector and the Rankine cycle system, solar energy is efficiently converted into electric energy and heat energy. During the day, the generated electricity is directly supplied to the mine equipment, and the excess power is stored in the lithium ion battery pack. At night, the heat energy stored in the heat storage tank is released to drive the system, completely solving the problem of insufficient stability of the traditional refrigeration system relying on the power grid.

[0056] 2. Adopting segmented carbon dioxide thermosyphon, the single segment length is optimized to 50-100 meters, and is longitudinally combined into kilometer-level deep well heat transfer structure by using sealed flange connectors. The design breaks through the longitudinal heat transfer limit of traditional thermosyphon, significantly improves the efficiency of rock stratum geothermal recovery, and greatly reduces the basic energy consumption of refrigeration system.

[0057] 3. Based on the transcritical phase change cycle of carbon dioxide working medium, the heat pump condenser, evaporator and CO2 refrigerator are integrated to maximize the use of latent heat of phase change of liquid carbon dioxide. The cooling circuit cooperates with the fan cooler forced convection to realize accurate temperature control of the mining area, and the cooling efficiency is improved by more than 30%.

[0058] 4. The intelligent control system dynamically adjusts the Rankine cycle operating parameters, the number of activated segments of the thermosyphon device and the cooling working fluid flow according to the solar intensity, underground temperature and humidity and battery capacity. In extreme conditions, the standby refrigeration unit is automatically started to ensure the stability and reliability of the system in all-weather environments.

[0059] 5. An integrated closed-loop system of energy production, geothermal recovery and environmental governance is constructed to simultaneously complete the three core functions of power generation, heat storage and refrigeration with liquid carbon dioxide as the unified working medium. While achieving active prevention of deep well heat damage, it reduces the demand for purchased electricity and carbon emissions, achieving the dual goals of safe mining and low-carbon operation.

[0060] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, characterized by: The invention comprises a vacuum solar collector (1) for converting solar energy into heat energy and connected to a Rankine cycle system; a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device (10) vertically installed in a mine elevator shaft for absorbing heat from underground rock formations; a liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) arranged around the mining area for reducing the ambient temperature; a heat storage tank (4) and a lithium-ion battery (11) for storing heat energy and electrical energy respectively; and an intelligent control system for coordinating system operation. The heat energy generated by the vacuum solar collector (1) drives the Rankine cycle to generate electricity and provides a heat source for the thermosiphon device (10); the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device (10) transfers the heat of the rock formation to the surface through the thermosiphon effect; and the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) cooperates with the thermosiphon device (10) to achieve active cooling of the mining area.

2. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Rankine cycle system further includes a carbon dioxide gas turbine (2), a generator (16), a separator (3), and a distributor (5); The output end of the vacuum solar collector (1) is divided into two paths: the first path is connected to the carbon dioxide gas turbine (2) to drive the generator (16) to generate electricity; the second path is connected to the heat storage tank (4) through the bypass valve (19) to store thermal energy.

3. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide thermosiphon device (10) is composed of a plurality of vertically connected segments in series, each segment being 50-100 meters long; adjacent segments are connected by sealing flange connectors (24), and each segment comprises: an outer layer of insulated pipes and an inner layer of working fluid pipes; a terminal unit at the top and an extended surface at the bottom, wherein the extended surface has a ridged structure to enhance evaporation / condensation efficiency.

4. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The terminal unit has a built-in heat exchanger for condensing gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid at a condensation temperature of 30-40°C; the liquid carbon dioxide flows back to the bottom of the device through the gap between the outer and inner pipes.

5. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) comprises: a CO2 refrigerator (8), a terminal unit connected to a thermosiphon device (10); a liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump (13), driving the circulation of the cooling medium; and a fan cooler arranged in the tunnel for forced convection heat dissipation.

6. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It also includes a carbon dioxide heat pump system, which is composed of a carbon dioxide compressor (6), an evaporator (7), and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser (18); it is used to compress and condense the gaseous carbon dioxide in the heat storage tank (4) into liquid, and provide a low-temperature working medium to the distributor (5) after absorbing heat in the evaporator (7).

7. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery (11) stores the electrical energy generated by the generator (16) during the day and drives the liquid carbon dioxide pump (15), the cold water pump (14) and the carbon dioxide compressor (6) at night.

8. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ridge-like structure of the extended surface (25) promotes evaporation of the liquid working medium at the upper end of the thermosiphon device (10) and accelerates condensation of the gaseous working medium at the lower end.

9. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the day, solar energy is used to drive the Rankine cycle; at night, the energy is switched to the heat storage tank (4) and the lithium-ion battery (11); under extreme working conditions, the number of sections of the thermosiphon device (10) and the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) are increased.

10. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pipeline of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) is installed along the top or side wall of the roadway, and the output flow of the CO2 refrigerator (8) is controlled by a regulating valve (17).

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