Mine disaster prevention and energy system based on rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle

Abstract

The application discloses a mine disaster prevention and energy system based on a Rankine cycle and a thermosyphon principle, which comprises a vacuum solar collector connected with a Rankine cycle system to convert solar energy into heat energy; a carbon dioxide thermosyphon device vertically installed in a mine elevator shaft to absorb rock stratum heat; a liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop to realize active cooling around a mining area; a heat storage tank and a lithium ion battery to store heat energy and electric energy respectively; and an intelligent control system to coordinate operation. The solar collector drives the Rankine cycle to generate power and provides a heat source for the thermosyphon device, the thermosyphon device transfers rock stratum heat through a thermosyphon effect, the cooling loop in the mine cooperates with the thermosyphon device to regulate and control the temperature and humidity of the mining area, and an energy self-sufficient and heat disaster prevention closed loop is formed. Through coupling of solar Rankine cycle power generation and thermosyphon geothermal recovery, energy self-sufficiency is realized; through cooperation of a transcritical phase change cycle of carbon dioxide working medium and a liquid cooling loop, the temperature underground is reduced; low-energy-consumption treatment of deep well heat disaster is realized, and mining safety is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine disaster prevention and control technology, and more specifically, to a mine disaster prevention and control and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle. Background Technology

[0002] During deep mining operations, rock temperatures continuously rise with depth, often creating high-temperature and high-humidity environments at the underground working face, severely impacting personnel safety and equipment operation. Traditional cooling methods primarily rely on electrically driven compression refrigeration systems, resulting in high energy consumption. Furthermore, the instability of the mining area's power grid further restricts system efficiency. Simultaneously, significant geothermal resources are naturally dissipated through rock walls and water inflows, exacerbating heat hazards and leading to continuous energy waste. Existing technologies fail to effectively coordinate energy recovery and environmental remediation, creating a technological bottleneck characterized by high energy consumption and low efficiency.

[0003] Currently widely used ground source heat pump systems have significant limitations: they require dense drilling of deep heat exchange holes, making construction complex and prone to damaging the stability of the rock mass; variations in groundwater flow velocity lead to significant fluctuations in heat exchange efficiency, making it difficult to guarantee continuous and reliable cooling effects. While solar-assisted cooling technology has environmental advantages, it is severely constrained by weather conditions, and its intermittent nature requires matching with large-capacity energy storage units, while the high-temperature environment of mines significantly shortens the lifespan of energy storage equipment. Additionally, mine water inflow heat recovery solutions have limited practical utilization rates due to low heat source quality and unstable flow rates, failing to meet the cooling needs of deep mining operations.

[0004] Existing Rankine cycle and thermosiphon combination solutions still face multiple challenges: traditional refrigerants lack stability in high-temperature rock environments, posing safety risks; the vertical heat transfer capacity of a single thermosiphon device is limited, making it difficult to meet the needs of kilometer-deep wells; and the energy conversion module and refrigeration system operate independently, failing to fully utilize the phase change potential of the environmentally friendly refrigerant. The mining sector urgently needs an integrated system that can simultaneously achieve efficient geothermal recovery, stable solar energy conversion, synergistic optimization of the refrigeration chain, and intelligent energy allocation, fundamentally breaking through the long-standing contradiction between heat hazard control and energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the aforementioned technical problems in related technologies, this invention proposes a mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, which can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] Mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle;

[0008] This mine disaster prevention and energy system, based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, includes a vacuum solar collector for converting solar energy into thermal energy and connected to the Rankine cycle system; a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device vertically installed in the mine elevator shaft to absorb heat from underground rock formations; a liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit surrounding the mining area to reduce ambient temperature; a heat storage tank and a lithium-ion battery for storing thermal and electrical energy, respectively; and an intelligent control system for coordinating system operation.

[0009] The vacuum solar collector generates heat to drive a Rankine cycle for power generation and provides a heat source for the thermosiphon device. The carbon dioxide thermosiphon device transfers heat from the rock strata to the surface through the thermosiphon effect. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit works in conjunction with the thermosiphon device to achieve active cooling of the mining area.

[0010] Furthermore, the Rankine cycle system also includes a carbon dioxide gas turbine, a generator, a separator, and a distributor;

[0011] The output of the vacuum solar collector is divided into two paths: the first path is connected to a carbon dioxide gas turbine to drive a generator to generate electricity; the second path is connected to a heat storage tank through a bypass valve to store thermal energy.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device consists of multiple vertically connected segments, each segment being 50-100 meters in length; adjacent segments are connected by sealed flange connectors, and each segment includes: an outer layer of insulated pipe and an inner layer of working fluid pipe; a top terminal unit and a bottom extension surface, the extension surface having a ridged structure to enhance evaporation / condensation efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the terminal unit has a built-in heat exchanger for condensing gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid at a condensation temperature of 30–40°C; the liquid carbon dioxide flows back to the bottom of the device through the gap between the outer and inner pipes.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit includes: a CO2 refrigerator, a terminal unit connected to the thermosiphon device; a liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump, which drives the circulation of the cooling medium; and a fan cooler arranged in the tunnel for forced convection heat dissipation.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a carbon dioxide heat pump system, which consists of a carbon dioxide compressor, an evaporator, and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser; used to compress and condense gaseous carbon dioxide in the heat storage tank into liquid, and after absorbing heat in the evaporator, provide a low-temperature working fluid for the distributor.

[0016] Furthermore, the lithium-ion battery stores electrical energy generated by the generator during the day and drives the liquid carbon dioxide pump, cold water pump, and carbon dioxide compressor at night.

[0017] Furthermore, the ridge-like structure of the extended surface promotes the evaporation of the liquid working fluid at the upper end of the thermosiphon device and accelerates the condensation of the gaseous working fluid at the lower end.

[0018] Furthermore, solar energy is prioritized to drive the Rankine cycle during the day; at night, the power supply is switched to the thermal storage tank and lithium-ion battery; and under extreme conditions, the number of thermosiphon devices in operation and the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit are increased.

[0019] Furthermore, the pipes of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit are installed along the top or side wall of the tunnel, and the output flow of the CO2 refrigerator is controlled by a regulating valve.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By coupling a vacuum solar collector with a carbon dioxide Rankine cycle power generation system, solar energy is efficiently converted into electrical and thermal energy; a segmented carbon dioxide thermosiphon device vertically absorbs heat from deep rock masses, utilizing the thermosiphon effect to improve geothermal recovery rate; a liquid carbon dioxide cooling loop works in conjunction with a transcritical refrigeration chain cycle to maximize the utilization of the phase change potential of carbon dioxide working fluid; thereby significantly reducing mine cooling energy consumption and grid dependence, and enhancing the system's all-time operational stability; thus achieving the dual goals of proactive prevention of deep well heat hazards and energy self-sufficiency, effectively ensuring mining safety and environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Vacuum solar collector; 2. Carbon dioxide gas turbine; 3. Separator; 4. Heat storage tank; 5. Distributor; 6. Carbon dioxide compressor; 7. Evaporator; 8. CO2 refrigerator; 9. Heat tank; 10. Carbon dioxide thermosiphon device; 11. Lithium-ion battery; 12. Liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit; 13. Liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump; 14. Cold water pump; 15. Liquid carbon dioxide pump; 16. Generator; 17. Regulating valve; 18. Carbon dioxide heat pump condenser; 19. Bypass valve; 26. Mine surface; 27. Mining facilities. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be understood that in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a vacuum solar collector 1 for converting solar energy into thermal energy and connected to the Rankine cycle system; a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 vertically installed in the mine elevator shaft for absorbing heat from underground rock strata; a liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 arranged around the mining area for reducing the ambient temperature; a heat storage tank 4 and a lithium-ion battery 11 for storing thermal energy and electrical energy, respectively; and an intelligent control system for coordinating system operation.

[0027] The vacuum solar collector 1 generates heat to drive a Rankine cycle for power generation and provides a heat source for the thermosiphon device 10. The carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 transfers heat from the rock strata to the surface through the thermosiphon effect. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 works in conjunction with the thermosiphon device 10 to achieve active cooling of the mining area.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, in a specific embodiment, the Rankine cycle system further includes a carbon dioxide gas turbine 2, a generator 16, a separator 3, and a distributor 5;

[0029] The output of the vacuum solar collector 1 is divided into two paths: the first path is connected to the carbon dioxide gas turbine 2 to drive the generator 16 to generate electricity; the second path is connected to the heat storage tank 4 through the bypass valve 19 to store thermal energy.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, in a specific embodiment, the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 is composed of multiple vertically connected segments, each segment being 50-100 meters in length; adjacent segments are connected by sealing flange connectors 24, and each segment includes: an outer layer of insulated pipe and an inner layer of working fluid pipe; a top terminal unit and a bottom extension surface, the extension surface having a ridged structure to enhance evaporation / condensation efficiency.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, in a specific embodiment, the terminal unit has a built-in heat exchanger for condensing gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid at a condensation temperature of 30–40°C; the liquid carbon dioxide flows back to the bottom of the device through the gap between the outer and inner pipes.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, in a specific embodiment, the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 includes: a CO2 refrigerator 8, a terminal unit connected to the thermosiphon device 10; a liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump 13, which drives the circulation of the cooling working fluid; and a fan cooler arranged in the roadway for forced convection heat dissipation.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle further includes a carbon dioxide heat pump system in a specific embodiment, which consists of a carbon dioxide compressor 6, an evaporator 7, and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser 18; used to compress and condense the gaseous carbon dioxide in the heat storage tank 4 into a liquid state, and provide a low-temperature working fluid to the distributor 5 after absorbing heat through the evaporator 7.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, in a specific embodiment, the lithium-ion battery 11 stores the electrical energy generated by the generator 16 during the day and drives the liquid carbon dioxide pump 15, the cold water pump 14 and the carbon dioxide compressor 6 at night.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, in a specific embodiment, the ridge structure of the extended surface 25 promotes the evaporation of liquid working fluid at the upper end of the thermosiphon device 10 and accelerates the condensation of gaseous working fluid at the lower end.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle is described in a specific embodiment, during the day, solar energy is used to drive the Rankine cycle; at night, the system switches to the heat storage tank 4 and lithium-ion battery 11 for power supply; and under extreme conditions, the number of activation stages of the thermosiphon device 10 and the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 are increased.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle, in a specific embodiment, the pipeline of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 is installed along the top or side wall of the roadway, and the output flow of the CO2 refrigerator 8 is controlled by the regulating valve 17.

[0038] Overall, the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in this invention includes the following core components: a vacuum solar collector 1, a carbon dioxide gas turbine 2, a generator 16, a separator 3, a heat storage tank 4, a distributor 5, a carbon dioxide compressor 6, an evaporator 7, a CO2 refrigerator 8, a heat tank 9, a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10, a lithium-ion battery 11, a liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12, a liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump 13, a cold water pump 14, a liquid carbon dioxide pump 15, a regulating valve 17, and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser 18; all components are connected by pressure-resistant pipes and cables to form an integrated system.

[0039] Among them, the vacuum solar collector 1 is preferably a vacuum solar collector (150℃-200℃, 10Mpa) with a maximum power of 100 kilowatts; the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 is preferably a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device with a pressure of 5 MPa and a temperature of 5℃ (cooling) - 50℃ (heating), and its specifications are preferably 50m-100m / segment; for example, for a mine with a depth of 600 meters, a carbon dioxide thermosiphon device with 6 to 12 segments is used accordingly.

[0040] The core working principle of the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in this invention is as follows:

[0041] Energy Conversion and Thermal Management:

[0042] Vacuum solar collector 1 absorbs solar thermal energy, transforming the carbon dioxide working fluid into a high-temperature, high-pressure state. This high-temperature, high-pressure gas is then diverted to two paths:

[0043] The first path leads to the carbon dioxide gas turbine 2, which drives the generator 16 to generate electricity;

[0044] The second path leads to the thermal storage tank 4 via bypass valve 19, storing thermal energy for nighttime power generation.

[0045] The regulating valve 17 regulates the gas pressure from the carbon dioxide gas turbine 2 and the heat storage tank 4 via the distributor 5. The lithium-ion battery 11 stores excess electrical energy to power nighttime operation.

[0046] Heat pump refrigeration cycle:

[0047] The carbon dioxide heat pump system consists of a carbon dioxide compressor 6, a heat pump condenser 18, and an evaporator 7.

[0048] The carbon dioxide compressor 6 compresses the gaseous working fluid;

[0049] The heat pump condenser 18 condenses the compressed gas into a liquid state;

[0050] The liquid working fluid expands and decreases in pressure before entering the evaporator 7 to absorb heat and evaporate, thus cooling the gas from the distributor 5;

[0051] The cooled gas is liquefied and transported to the CO2 refrigerator 8 via the liquid carbon dioxide pump 15.

[0052] Thermosiphon and cooling operation:

[0053] The carbon dioxide thermosiphon device is vertically installed in 10 sections within the elevator shaft, each section ranging from 50 to 100 meters in length.

[0054] The liquid carbon dioxide output from the CO2 refrigerator 8 is injected into the lower end of the thermosiphon device 10;

[0055] The working fluid absorbs heat from the rock strata and evaporates, then rises along the inner pipeline to the terminal unit, where it is condensed and returned to the heat exchanger in the range of 30°C to 40°C.

[0056] Liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuits are deployed around the mining area, and the cooling capacity is delivered to the roadway through the fan coolers in the circuits, so as to achieve precise control of ambient temperature and humidity.

[0057] System collaborative closed loop:

[0058] The power generation system outputs electricity to drive equipment such as the liquid carbon dioxide circulation pump 13 and the cold water pump 14; the lithium-ion battery 11 coordinates the day and night power distribution; and the heat tank 9 stores excess heat. The various subsystems work together dynamically through the intelligent control unit to form a closed loop of energy production, heat hazard prevention, and carbon recycling.

[0059] The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to the present invention has the following structure and principle of the thermosiphon system:

[0060] The entire thermosiphon system consists of 10 units of carbon dioxide thermosiphon devices that are vertically arranged and connected longitudinally in sequence.

[0061] Unit Structure: Each carbon dioxide thermosiphon device, consisting of 10 units, employs a double-layer piping design: the inner layer serves as the working fluid flow channel, while the outer layer wraps around the inner layer for insulation. A terminal unit is located at the top of the unit, maintaining its operating temperature between 30°C and 40°C; the bottom of the unit directly contacts the underground rock strata, with an interface structure adapted to the terminal unit, ensuring seamless longitudinal connection between multiple units.

[0062] Thermosiphon circulation process: Liquid carbon dioxide working fluid enters from the bottom of unit 10 of the device, absorbs heat from the rock strata, evaporates into a gaseous state, and flows upward along the inner pipe to the top terminal unit. The terminal unit has a built-in heat exchanger, where the gaseous carbon dioxide exchanges heat with the circulating cooling medium (such as circulating water or air) and then condenses into a liquid state. The liquid working fluid then flows into the annular gap between the outer and inner pipes, and flows downward back to the bottom of the device under the action of gravity, forming a self-driven thermosiphon circulation.

[0063] System Connection and Enhanced Heat Transfer: Adjacent unit modules are reliably connected via sealed flange connectors, ensuring system airtightness and structural strength. Each unit module has a standard length of 50 to 100 meters. The connection surfaces between units are equipped with extended surfaces with ridge-like structures: the extended surface at the upper end of the module enhances the evaporation of downward-flowing liquid carbon dioxide; the extended surface at the lower end of the module promotes the condensation of rising gaseous carbon dioxide.

[0064] To facilitate understanding of the above technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description of the above technical solutions of the present invention will be provided through specific usage methods.

[0065] In practical implementation, according to the mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle described in this invention, the system is installed as follows:

[0066] Installation of Vacuum Solar Collector 1: Select a sunny area on the mine surface to install Vacuum Solar Collector 1, ensuring that the installation angle and orientation of Vacuum Solar Collector 1 can maximize solar energy reception. The pipe connection between Vacuum Solar Collector 1 and the Rankine cycle system should use high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipes and be strictly sealed to prevent working fluid leakage.

[0067] Installation of the Rankine Cycle System: The core equipment, including the CO2 gas turbine 2, generator 16, separator 3, heat storage tank 4, distributor 5, CO2 compressor 6, evaporator 7, CO2 refrigerator 8, and heat tank 9, will be installed in a dedicated machine room on the mine surface or underground. Piping connections between equipment should meet fluid mechanics requirements, minimizing pipe resistance, and proper insulation and vibration damping measures should be implemented.

[0068] Installation of the thermosiphon system: Based on the mining depth and elevator shaft structure, the carbon dioxide thermosiphon devices 10 are installed in sections within the vertical walls of the elevator shaft. Each section of the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 is 50m-100m long. Vertically connected carbon dioxide thermosiphon devices 10 are connected via sealing flange connectors 24 or welding to ensure the sealing and strength of the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 piping. During installation, attention must be paid to the verticality and stability of the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 to avoid affecting the thermosiphon effect due to installation deviations.

[0069] Installation of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit: A CO2 chiller 8, a liquid carbon dioxide circulating pump 13, and a liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 are installed in the roadway of the mining area. The piping of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 should be installed along the top or side wall of the roadway to avoid affecting mine transportation and operations. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 includes a fan cooler, which is installed at the appropriate location within the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 to ensure cooling effect. The connection between the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 and the air cooler should be tight to ensure that the cool air can be evenly distributed to the mining area.

[0070] Energy storage system installation: Install the lithium-ion batteries 11 in a well-ventilated, dry dedicated battery room. Assemble several lithium-ion batteries 11 into a lithium-ion battery pack. Ensure the connections between the lithium-ion batteries 11 are secure and reliable, and implement proper insulation and heat dissipation measures. The battery room should be equipped with fire-fighting facilities and temperature monitoring devices to ensure the safe operation of the lithium-ion batteries 11.

[0071] Installation of the intelligent control system: An intelligent control unit is installed in the mine control room and connected to various sensors, actuators, and equipment via cables. Sensors are installed in locations capable of accurately monitoring parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pressure in the mining area, as well as the operating status of each system. Actuators are installed in locations that facilitate operation and maintenance.

[0072] The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to the present invention is debugged and installed as follows:

[0073] Pipeline pressure testing:

[0074] After all system components are installed, pressure tests must be performed on the piping systems of the Rankine cycle system, the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 system, and the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12. The test pressure should be set at no less than 1.5 times their operating pressure, and the pressure should be maintained for at least 30 minutes. During this period and after the test, all pipe and related equipment interfaces and sealing points must be thoroughly inspected to confirm that there are no leaks.

[0075] Single-unit equipment debugging:

[0076] Perform individual debugging on key devices in the system:

[0077] Vacuum solar collector 1: Verifying its solar energy absorption and heat conversion efficiency;

[0078] CO2 gas turbine 2 and generator 16: Check parameters such as operating speed and output power;

[0079] Carbon dioxide compressor 6: Testing compression efficiency, operational stability, etc.;

[0080] Fan cooler in liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12: Check airflow, power consumption and cooling effect;

[0081] Other related equipment: Ensure that their operating parameters (such as speed, temperature, pressure, etc.) meet the design specifications. If deviations are found during commissioning, the equipment installation status or operating parameters should be adjusted promptly to ensure that each piece of equipment can operate normally.

[0082] System linkage debugging:

[0083] After all individual devices have passed the debugging process, initiate the overall system-wide integrated debugging:

[0084] Start the vacuum solar collector 1 to heat the working medium to the design required temperature and pressure;

[0085] Start the Rankine cycle system and observe whether the power generation of the generator 16 driven by the carbon dioxide gas turbine 2 is stable;

[0086] Simultaneously activate the carbon dioxide thermosiphon device 10 system and the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12;

[0087] Real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity changes in the mining area;

[0088] The intelligent control system adjusts and optimizes the operating parameters of each functional module (such as the flow rate / pressure of the Rankine circulating fluid, the number of thermosiphon activation stages, and the flow rate of the cooling fluid) online to ensure that the entire system works efficiently and stably, and ultimately maintains the temperature and humidity of the mining area within the set design range.

[0089] Energy storage system commissioning:

[0090] Specialized commissioning was conducted on the energy storage unit composed of lithium-ion batteries 11:

[0091] Perform charge-discharge cycle tests on lithium-ion battery packs under specified conditions to verify whether their actual capacity, terminal voltage, charge-discharge efficiency and other key performance parameters meet the design requirements.

[0092] Debug the functions of the battery management system to ensure that it can perform safety monitoring of the battery pack (such as overcharge and over-discharge protection, temperature monitoring), efficiently manage the charging and discharging process, and coordinate control and energy dispatch with other parts of the system (such as generators and electrical loads).

[0093] The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and thermosiphon principle according to the present invention is operated and controlled as follows:

[0094] Daytime operation mode:

[0095] During the daytime, the vacuum solar collector 1 absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat energy, heating the carbon dioxide working fluid to form a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This gas drives the carbon dioxide gas turbine 2, which in turn drives the generator 16 to generate electricity. Part of the generated electricity is directly supplied to the mine's electrical equipment, and the other part is stored in the lithium-ion battery 11. Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide thermosiphon system 10 and the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 work together to cool and control humidity in the mining area. The intelligent control system automatically optimizes and adjusts the Rankine cycle operating parameters (such as working fluid flow rate and pressure), the number of activated sections of the carbon dioxide thermosiphon system 10, and the working fluid flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 based on real-time solar radiation intensity and the temperature and humidity requirements of the mining area, ensuring the entire system operates efficiently.

[0096] Nighttime and cloudy day operation modes:

[0097] At night or on cloudy days when sunlight is insufficient, the vacuum solar collector 1 stops collecting heat. At this time, the lithium-ion battery 11 releases its stored electrical energy to drive the carbon dioxide compressor 6, liquid carbon dioxide pump 15, and other related power equipment. The carbon dioxide thermosiphon system 10 continues to utilize the heat energy of the underground rock formation to maintain its operation. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit 12 dynamically adjusts its cooling intensity (such as flow rate and fan speed) based on real-time temperature monitoring data of the mining area to maintain a stable working environment. The intelligent control system comprehensively considers the remaining power of the lithium battery 11 and the temperature control requirements of the mining environment, intelligently allocating power resources and optimizing equipment operating parameters to maximize battery life.

[0098] Extreme operating condition response mode:

[0099] When encountering extreme high temperatures or abnormally high underground temperatures due to increased mining depth, the intelligent control system immediately activates an enhanced response: automatically increasing the number of operational carbon dioxide thermosiphon devices (sections 10), while simultaneously increasing the circulation flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (circulation circuit 12) and the output power of its fan cooler to accelerate the cooling process in the mining area. If necessary, the system can activate backup cooling equipment for reinforcement, ensuring mining safety. In the event of a system failure, the intelligent control system can quickly detect anomalies and issue alarm signals, while automatically switching to backup equipment or a degraded safe operating mode to ensure the maintenance of core system functions.

[0100] In summary, by utilizing the above-described technical solution of the present invention, the following specific beneficial effects are achieved:

[0101] 1. By combining vacuum solar collectors with a Rankine cycle system, solar energy is efficiently converted into electrical and thermal energy. During the day, the generated electricity is directly supplied to mining equipment, and surplus electricity is stored in lithium-ion battery packs. At night, the thermal energy is released through a heat storage tank to drive the system, completely solving the problem of traditional refrigeration systems relying on insufficient grid stability.

[0102] 2. A segmented carbon dioxide thermosiphon device is adopted, with the length of each segment optimized to 50 to 100 meters, and longitudinally combined using sealed flange connectors to form a kilometer-level deep well heat transfer structure. This design breaks through the longitudinal heat transfer limit of traditional thermosiphons, significantly improves the efficiency of geothermal recovery from rock formations, and greatly reduces the basic energy consumption of the refrigeration system.

[0103] 3. Based on a transcritical phase change cycle using carbon dioxide as the working fluid, this system integrates a heat pump condenser, evaporator, and CO2 refrigerator to maximize the utilization of the latent heat of phase change in liquid carbon dioxide. The cooling loop, in conjunction with a fan cooler for forced convection, achieves precise temperature control in the mining area, improving cooling efficiency by over 30%.

[0104] 4. The intelligent control system dynamically adjusts the Rankine cycle operating parameters, the number of thermosiphon device activation stages, and the cooling fluid flow rate based on solar radiation intensity, downhole temperature and humidity, and battery capacity. Under extreme conditions, the backup cooling unit is automatically activated to ensure the system's stability and reliability in all weather conditions.

[0105] 5. Construct an integrated closed-loop system for energy production, geothermal recovery, and environmental remediation, using liquid carbon dioxide as the unified working fluid to simultaneously complete the three core functions of power generation, thermal storage, and cooling. This achieves proactive prevention of deep well thermal hazards while reducing the demand for externally purchased electricity and carbon emissions, thus achieving the dual goals of safe extraction and low-carbon operation.

[0106] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine disaster prevention and energy system based on the Rankine cycle and the principle of thermosyphon, characterized in that, The system includes a vacuum solar collector (1) for converting solar energy into heat energy and connecting with a Rankine cycle system, a carbon dioxide thermosyphon device (10) vertically installed in a mine shaft for absorbing heat from underground rock layers, a liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) arranged around a mining area for reducing ambient temperature, a heat storage tank (4) and a lithium ion battery (11) for storing heat energy and electric energy respectively, and an intelligent control system for coordinating system operation. The heat energy generated by the vacuum solar collector (1) drives the Rankine cycle power generation and provides a heat source for the thermosyphon device (10); the carbon dioxide thermosyphon device (10) transfers the heat from the rock layers to the ground surface through the thermosyphon effect; the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) cooperates with the thermosyphon device (10) to realize active cooling of the mining area. The carbon dioxide thermosyphon device (10) is composed of multiple vertically connected segments, each segment having a length of 50-100 meters; adjacent segments are connected through a sealing flange connector (24), and each segment includes an outer thermal insulation pipeline and an inner working fluid pipeline, a terminal unit at the top and an extension surface at the bottom, the extension surface having a ridge structure to enhance evaporation / condensation efficiency. The ridge structure of the extension surface (25) promotes evaporation of the liquid working fluid at the upper end of the thermosyphon device (10) and accelerates condensation of the gaseous working fluid at the lower end. The terminal unit is internally provided with a heat exchanger for condensing the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid, and the condensation temperature is 30-40℃; the liquid carbon dioxide is returned to the bottom end of the device through the gap between the outer pipeline and the inner pipeline. The liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) includes a CO2 refrigerator (8) connected to the terminal unit of the thermosyphon device (10), a liquid carbon dioxide circulating pump (13) for driving the cooling working fluid to circulate, and a fan cooler arranged in the roadway for forced convection heat dissipation.

2. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Rankine cycle system further includes a carbon dioxide gas turbine (2), a generator (16), a separator (3), and a distributor (5). The output end of the vacuum solar collector (1) is divided into two paths: the first path is connected to the carbon dioxide gas turbine (2) to drive the generator (16) to generate electricity; the second path is connected to the heat storage tank (4) through a bypass valve (19) to store heat energy.

3. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system further includes a carbon dioxide heat pump system composed of a carbon dioxide compressor (6), an evaporator (7), and a carbon dioxide heat pump condenser (18) for compressing and condensing the gaseous carbon dioxide in the heat storage tank (4) into liquid, and providing low-temperature working fluid for the distributor (5) after heat absorption by the evaporator (7).

4. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium ion battery (11) stores the electric energy generated by the generator (16) during the day and drives the liquid carbon dioxide pump (15), the cold water pump (14), and the carbon dioxide compressor (6) at night.

5. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the day, the Rankine cycle is preferentially driven by solar energy; at night, the heat storage tank (4) and the lithium ion battery (11) are switched to provide power; in extreme conditions, the number of activated segments of the thermosyphon device (10) and the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) are increased.

6. The mine disaster prevention and energy system based on Rankine cycle and thermosyphon principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipes of the liquid carbon dioxide cooling circuit (12) are installed along the roof or sidewall of the roadway and control the output flow of the CO2 refrigerator (8) through the regulating valve (17).

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