Photovoltaic photothermal heat pump system and control method thereof, electronic device, and storage medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a photovoltaic (PV) thermal heat pump system and its control method, electronic equipment, and storage medium. The control method includes: acquiring predicted meteorological data for a preset future time period; determining whether extreme weather exists based on the predicted meteorological data; if so, recording the start and end times of the extreme weather and entering a prevention mode; otherwise, matching the expansion valve superheat control target and backplate temperature comparison target of the PV thermal heat pump system based on the predicted meteorological data; acquiring current meteorological data in real time, matching the current opening of each expansion valve, performing primary and secondary control on the expansion valves, maintaining the PV thermal heat pump system through a maintenance inspection cycle, running the PV thermal heat pump system for the first steady-state operation time, performing primary control again, and repeating the cycle. This invention improves the expansion valve control accuracy through a two-stage calibration and feedforward predictive adjustment strategy, thereby achieving continuous optimization of the overall COP and heating capacity of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic heat pump technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic heat pump system and its control method, electronic equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic thermal heat pump systems integrate photovoltaic thermal (PVT) and air-source heat pump technologies to achieve efficient utilization of solar energy. The core of these systems lies in the synergistic generation and heating of solar thermal resources. However, the intermittency of solar thermal resources and the uncertainty of extreme weather pose challenges to the stability of system operation. For example, in high-temperature (≥40℃) or strong-wind (≥15m / s) environments, traditional systems may experience a 10%-20% decrease in overall energy efficiency (COP) due to heat source fluctuations and reduced heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, frequent extreme weather events (such as sandstorms and torrential rains) further exacerbate the instability of system operation, necessitating precise control measures to improve adaptability and preventative protection.

[0003] Furthermore, traditional photovoltaic-thermal heat pump systems rely solely on static superheat indices to regulate the expansion valve, resulting in limitations in adjustment accuracy and response rate. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate extreme weather forecasting with high-precision expansion valve control technology. By using real-time meteorological data to drive feedforward control, the system's steady-state equilibrium response time can be shortened, enabling continuous and reliable peak COP output to meet operational demands in complex environments.

[0004] In open-air environments, due to the continuous changes in solar irradiance and the lag in heat transfer reaching a steady state, the current expansion valve's single and static superheat control target is insufficient to maintain the system's continuous maximum COP output and meet the demand for more efficient photovoltaic and solar thermal power.

[0005] When faced with severe or extreme weather conditions, the original sampling control scheme lacks preventive and protective measures, and cannot reduce the flow rate or close the valve in advance, which can easily lead to certain energy losses and system instability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system and its control method, electronic equipment, and storage medium.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The first aspect of this invention discloses a control method for a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Obtain forecast meteorological data for a preset future time period;

[0010] Based on the predicted meteorological data, determine whether extreme weather exists. If so, record the start and end times of the extreme weather and enter the prevention mode. Otherwise, based on the predicted meteorological data, match the expansion valve superheat control target of the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system with the backplate temperature comparison target.

[0011] Real-time meteorological data is acquired, and the opening degree of each expansion valve is matched. After the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system has been running for the first steady state time, the superheat of each expansion valve is collected and calculated, and compared with the respective expansion valve superheat control target. Based on the comparison result, the expansion valve is controlled in the first stage.

[0012] After the first-level regulation is completed and the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system has been running for the second steady-state time, the backplate temperature of each photovoltaic-thermal module set is collected and calculated, and compared with the backplate temperature comparison target. Based on the comparison result, the expansion valve is subjected to second-level regulation.

[0013] After completing the secondary regulation and maintaining the inspection cycle, the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system will operate for the first steady-state time, and then undergo primary regulation again, and the cycle will repeat.

[0014] According to the control method described above, the prevention mode specifically includes:

[0015] During a first set time period before the start time of the extreme weather, the expansion valve is closed or its opening is reduced; during a second set time period after the end time of the extreme weather, the expansion valve is opened or its opening is increased.

[0016] According to the control method described above, the first-level regulation of the expansion valve based on the comparison result specifically includes:

[0017] If the superheat is greater than the superheat control target of the expansion valve, the opening of the expansion valve is increased; if the superheat is less than the superheat control target of the expansion valve, the opening of the expansion valve is decreased. After the adjustment is completed, the first steady-state operation time is run again, and this cycle is repeated until the superheat is equal to the superheat control target of the expansion valve.

[0018] According to the control method described above, the step of performing secondary regulation of the expansion valve based on the comparison result specifically includes:

[0019] If the backplate temperature is greater than the target backplate temperature, increase the opening of the expansion valve; if the backplate temperature is less than the target backplate temperature, decrease the opening of the expansion valve. After adjustment, run the second steady-state operation time again, and repeat this cycle until the backplate temperature equals the target backplate temperature.

[0020] The second aspect of this invention discloses a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, comprising: a heat pump module equipped with a compressor, a first branch equipped with photovoltaic-thermal components, and a second branch equipped with an evaporator; one path of the refrigerant output by the heat pump module flows back to the heat pump module through the first branch, and the other path flows back to the heat pump module through the second branch; the first branch includes n parallel refrigerant circuits, each of the refrigerant circuits is equipped with a photovoltaic-thermal component set, the liquid inlet end of each photovoltaic-thermal component set is connected to an expansion valve, the expansion valve is connected to a main control module, and the main control module is used to control the opening degree of the expansion valve, wherein n≥2.

[0021] According to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, each photovoltaic-thermal component assembly is equipped with an inlet thermometer at its inlet end to obtain the inlet temperature and an outlet thermometer at its outlet end to obtain the outlet temperature. The superheat of the expansion valve is calculated by subtracting the outlet temperature from the inlet temperature. The main control module performs primary control on the expansion valve based on the comparison between the superheat of the expansion valve and the superheat control target of the expansion valve.

[0022] According to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, each photovoltaic-thermal module set includes at least one photovoltaic-thermal module, and a backplate thermometer is provided on the backplate of all photovoltaic-thermal modules to obtain the temperature of the backplate of the photovoltaic-thermal module; the backplate temperature of each photovoltaic-thermal module set is calculated by the arithmetic average of the temperatures of the backplates of all photovoltaic-thermal modules in each photovoltaic-thermal module set; and the main control module performs secondary regulation of the expansion valve based on the comparison result between the backplate temperature and the target backplate temperature.

[0023] According to the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, the main control module includes: a temperature data acquisition module and a data processing module; the temperature data acquisition module is used to acquire data from thermometers installed on the backplate of the photovoltaic-thermal module, and data from the inlet thermometer and outlet thermometer of the inlet and outlet of the photovoltaic-thermal module assembly, and transmit the acquired data to the data processing module; the data processing module calculates the superheat of the expansion valve by subtracting the data from the outlet thermometer from the data from the inlet thermometer; the data processing module calculates the backplate temperature of each photovoltaic-thermal module assembly by taking the arithmetic mean of the data from all the thermometers on the backplate of the photovoltaic-thermal module assembly; the data processing module sequentially obtains predicted meteorological data and current meteorological data through the gateway module and the cloud server.

[0024] A third aspect of the present invention discloses an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program implements the control method described above when loaded onto the processor.

[0025] A fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a storage medium comprising a stored program, wherein the program, when running, controls the device where the storage medium is located to execute the control method described above.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0027] 1. This invention determines the presence of extreme weather by acquiring predicted meteorological data. If extreme weather is expected in the future, the opening of the expansion valve is reduced or kept closed. This reduces heat loss and balance fluctuations caused by special weather conditions, effectively reducing energy consumption and preventing equipment damage. It enhances the system's operational reliability and environmental adaptability, providing technical support for the efficient and stable operation of photovoltaic-thermal heat pump systems. This invention matches the backplate temperature target with the expansion valve's superheat control target based on predicted meteorological data. The current expansion valve opening is then matched with the current meteorological data. Based on this opening, primary control is performed using the relationship between the expansion valve's superheat and the target. Secondary control is performed using the relationship between the photovoltaic-thermal module's backplate temperature and the target backplate temperature. This maintains the system at maximum COP output and significantly shortens the time to reach steady state. Periodic inspections maintain steady state, further enhancing the feedback rate and calibration accuracy of the expansion valve control. This achieves continuous optimization of the overall system COP and heating capacity, thereby significantly improving the system's heating performance and providing users with a more reliable, efficient, and high-quality heat source.

[0028] 2. This invention directly reflects the phase change degree of the refrigerant by real-time monitoring of the superheat of the expansion valve. If the superheat of the expansion valve is too high, the flow rate is increased to make full use of the heat; if the superheat of the expansion valve is too low, the flow rate is reduced to prevent the refrigerant from flowing out before it has fully evaporated, thereby maintaining the optimal phase change state of the refrigerant in the evaporator and ensuring maximum heat exchange efficiency.

[0029] 3. The backsheet temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module assembly of the present invention directly reflects the actual heat absorption effect of the heat absorption surface of the photovoltaic thermal module. If the backsheet temperature is too high, it indicates that the refrigerant has completed the phase change in advance and the heat absorption is sufficient. In this case, the flow rate is increased to utilize the excess heat. If the backsheet temperature is too low, it indicates that the heat absorption is insufficient. In this case, the flow rate is reduced to avoid energy waste. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the control method steps of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control method for the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main control module of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. First photovoltaic-thermal module; 2. Second photovoltaic-thermal module; 3. Third photovoltaic-thermal module; 4. Fourth photovoltaic-thermal module; 5. First expansion valve; 6. Second expansion valve; 7. First main control module; 8. Second main control module; 9. Evaporator; 10. Throttling element; 11. Throttling device; 12. Compressor; 13. Condenser; 19. Temperature data acquisition module; 20. Data processing module. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this disclosure or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0037] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0038] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0039] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0040] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0041] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a control method for a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step S110: Obtain forecast meteorological data for a future preset time period;

[0044] The main control module obtains forecast meteorological data through a webpage or cloud server 23.

[0045] Step S120: Determine whether extreme weather exists based on the predicted meteorological data. If so, record the start and end times of the extreme weather and enter the prevention mode. Otherwise, match the target Tg for superheat control of the expansion valve of the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system with the target Tp for backplate temperature based on the predicted meteorological data.

[0046] The extreme weather events mentioned include at least: heavy rainfall, low-temperature frost, sandstorms, and extreme drought.

[0047] The heavy rainfall refers to rainstorms and rainstorms of level 3 or higher.

[0048] The prevention mode specifically includes: closing the expansion valve or reducing the opening degree of the expansion valve during a first set time period before the start time node corresponding to the extreme weather, and opening the expansion valve or increasing the opening degree of the expansion valve during a second set time period after the end time node corresponding to the extreme weather.

[0049] For example, during heavy rain, the opening of the expansion valve is reduced; after the heavy rain, the opening of the expansion valve is increased. During torrential rain or extremely heavy rain, the expansion valve is closed; after the torrential rain or extremely heavy rain, the expansion valve is opened. Extreme weather is detrimental, even more harmful, to the heat exchange of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation systems in heat pump systems. Therefore, closing the expansion valve in advance or reducing its opening can prevent damage to the entire system. For example, during low-temperature frost, residual refrigerant in the pipes may freeze and expand, leading to pipe rupture. Closing the expansion valve in advance or reducing its opening can prevent refrigerant flow and prevent the risk of icing.

[0050] The predicted meteorological data includes at least: predicted ambient temperature Tf, predicted atmospheric pressure Pf, and predicted solar irradiance Gf.

[0051] Preferably, but not restrictively, the target superheat control Tg and the target backplate temperature Tp are obtained by looking up a table.

[0052] Step S130: Real-time acquisition of current meteorological data, matching the current opening degree of each expansion valve, after the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system has been running for the first steady-state operating time Δt1, the superheat of each expansion valve is collected and calculated, and compared with the respective expansion valve superheat control target. Based on the comparison result, the expansion valve is subjected to first-level control.

[0053] If the superheat ΔT is greater than the superheat control target Tg of the expansion valve, it indicates that the system has sufficient heat, and the refrigerant flow rate in the photovoltaic thermal module channel can be further increased. In this case, the opening of the expansion valve should be increased. If the superheat ΔT is less than the superheat control target Tg of the expansion valve, it indicates that the external light input is insufficient. In this case, the opening of the expansion valve should be decreased. After the adjustment is completed, the system runs for the first steady-state operation time Δt1 again. This cycle is repeated until the superheat ΔT is equal to the superheat control target Tg of the expansion valve. After the system runs for the second steady-state operation time Δt2, the expansion valve is subjected to secondary regulation.

[0054] Preferably, but not limitingly, in the first-level control, the first preset number of steps for each adjustment of the expansion valve is the first response time. In one embodiment, the first preset number of steps is 25 steps and the first response time is 5 seconds.

[0055] The superheat ΔT is calculated as follows: the inlet temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module assembly minus the outlet temperature.

[0056] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, ΔT1=T6-T5, ΔT2=T8-T7, where ΔT1 represents the superheat of the first expansion valve and ΔT2 represents the superheat of the second expansion valve.

[0057] The regulation of each expansion valve is independent of each other.

[0058] This invention directly reflects the phase change degree of the refrigerant by real-time monitoring of the superheat of the expansion valve. If the superheat of the expansion valve is too high, the flow rate is increased to make full use of the heat; if the superheat of the expansion valve is too low, the flow rate is reduced to prevent the refrigerant from flowing out before it has fully evaporated, thereby maintaining the optimal phase change state of the refrigerant in the evaporator and ensuring maximum heat exchange efficiency.

[0059] The current meteorological data includes at least: current ambient temperature Tn, current atmospheric pressure Pn, and current solar irradiance Gn.

[0060] The current meteorological data corresponds to the predicted meteorological data.

[0061] The calibration parameters for the opening degree of the expansion valve were obtained through laboratory testing.

[0062] In one embodiment, Δt1 = 20s.

[0063] Step S140: After the first-level regulation is completed and the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system has been running for the second steady-state operation time Δt2, the backplate temperature of each photovoltaic-thermal module set is collected and calculated, and compared with the backplate temperature comparison target. Based on the comparison result, the expansion valve is adjusted for the second-level regulation.

[0064] If the backplate temperature Tb is greater than the target backplate temperature Tp, it indicates that the refrigerant in the PVT refrigerant channel has completed the phase change stage ahead of schedule, and the external heat input is sufficient. Therefore, the opening of the expansion valve should be increased. If the backplate temperature Tb is less than the target backplate temperature Tp, it indicates that the external light input is insufficient. Therefore, the opening of the expansion valve should be decreased. After the adjustment is completed, the system will run for the second steady-state operation time Δt2 again. This cycle will continue until the backplate temperature Tb is equal to the target backplate temperature Tp. After the system runs for the second steady-state operation time Δt2, it will maintain the inspection cycle Ta and then perform the first-level regulation again, and the cycle will continue.

[0065] The backsheet temperature Tb of the photovoltaic thermal module assembly of the present invention directly reflects the actual heat absorption effect of the heat absorption surface of the photovoltaic thermal module. If the backsheet temperature Tb is too high, it indicates that the refrigerant has completed the phase change in advance and the heat absorption is sufficient. In this case, the flow rate is increased to utilize the excess heat. If the backsheet temperature Tb is too low, it indicates that the heat absorption is insufficient. In this case, the flow rate is reduced to avoid energy waste.

[0066] In one embodiment, Ta = 30s.

[0067] The backsheet temperature Tb of each photovoltaic-thermal module set is calculated as the arithmetic average of the backsheet temperatures of all photovoltaic-thermal modules in each set.

[0068] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, Tb1 = (T1 + T2) / 2, Tb2 = (T3 + T4) / 2, where Tb1 represents the backsheet temperature of the first photovoltaic thermal module set, and Tb2 represents the backsheet temperature of the second photovoltaic thermal module set.

[0069] Preferably, but not limitingly, in the secondary control, the response time for each adjustment of the expansion valve is a second preset number of steps, and in one embodiment, the second preset number of steps is 10 steps and the second response time is 5 seconds.

[0070] In one embodiment, Δt2 = 10s.

[0071] Step S150: After the secondary control is completed and the system maintains the inspection cycle Ta, the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system runs for the first steady-state operation time, and then performs primary control again, and the cycle repeats.

[0072] After the secondary regulation is completed, the expansion valve completes transient adjustment, at which point the system maintains maximum COP output. As the external light intensity input changes, the system, after maintaining the inspection cycle Ta, initiates the next round of expansion valve adjustment to once again find the optimal COP output point.

[0073] This invention determines the presence of extreme weather by acquiring forecast meteorological data. If extreme weather is expected in the future, the opening of the expansion valve is reduced or kept closed to reduce heat loss and balance fluctuations caused by special weather conditions. This effectively reduces energy consumption and avoids equipment damage, enhances the system's operational reliability and environmental adaptability, and provides technical support for the efficient and stable operation of photovoltaic heat pump systems.

[0074] This invention obtains predicted meteorological data to match the backplate temperature comparison target with the expansion valve superheat control target, and matches the current meteorological data with the current expansion valve opening. Based on this expansion valve opening, primary control is performed by comparing the expansion valve superheat with the expansion valve superheat control target. Secondary control is performed by comparing the photovoltaic thermal module backplate temperature with the backplate temperature comparison target. This ensures the system maintains maximum COP output and significantly shortens the time to reach steady state. Periodic inspections further maintain steady state, enhancing the feedback rate and calibration accuracy of expansion valve control. This achieves continuous optimization of the overall system COP and heating capacity, thereby significantly improving the system's heating performance and providing users with a more reliable, efficient, and high-quality heat source.

[0075] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a photovoltaic thermal heat pump system, comprising: a heat pump module equipped with a compressor, a first branch equipped with a photovoltaic thermal component, and a second branch equipped with an evaporator.

[0076] The refrigerant output by the heat pump module flows back to the heat pump module through the first branch and through the second branch.

[0077] The first branch includes n parallel refrigerant circuits. Each refrigerant circuit is equipped with a photovoltaic thermal module set. The liquid inlet of each photovoltaic thermal module set is connected to an expansion valve. The expansion valve is connected to the main control module, which is used to control the opening degree of the expansion valve. Wherein, n≥2.

[0078] This invention acquires predicted meteorological data through a main control module, and then controls the opening of the expansion valve, thereby reducing the damage to the system caused by extreme weather.

[0079] Each photovoltaic and solar thermal module assembly is also equipped with an inlet thermometer at the liquid inlet end to obtain the liquid inlet temperature, and an outlet thermometer at the liquid outlet end to obtain the liquid outlet temperature.

[0080] The superheat of the expansion valve is calculated by subtracting the outlet temperature from the inlet temperature. The main control module performs primary control on the expansion valve based on the comparison between the superheat of the expansion valve and the superheat control target.

[0081] This invention calculates the superheat of the expansion valve by obtaining the inlet and outlet liquid temperatures, and maintains the optimal phase change state of the refrigerant in the evaporator by judging the superheat of the expansion valve, thereby maximizing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0082] Each photovoltaic thermal module set contains at least one photovoltaic thermal module, and all photovoltaic thermal module backsheets are equipped with backsheet thermometers to obtain the temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module backsheets.

[0083] The backplate temperature of each photovoltaic thermal module cluster is calculated by the arithmetic average of the backplate temperatures of all photovoltaic thermal modules in the cluster. The main control module then performs secondary regulation of the expansion valve based on the comparison result between the backplate temperature and the target backplate temperature.

[0084] This invention characterizes the backsheet temperature of a photovoltaic thermal module assembly by using a weighted average of the backsheet temperature. By determining the backsheet temperature, heat waste can be avoided.

[0085] Preferably, but not limitingly, the backplate thermometer is located at the position one-third of the way from the liquid outlet end of the refrigerant flow channel of the photovoltaic thermal module.

[0086] Preferably, but not limitingly, if each photovoltaic thermal module contains multiple photovoltaic thermal modules, the multiple photovoltaic thermal modules can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel manner.

[0087] Preferably, but not limitingly, the heat pump module includes a throttling device 11, a compressor 12, and a condenser 13 connected in sequence.

[0088] Preferably, but not limitingly, the second branch includes a throttling element 10 and an evaporator 9 connected in sequence.

[0089] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a preferred embodiment of a photovoltaic heat pump system, which can be used in household and industrial water heaters and heating systems.

[0090] The refrigerant output from compressor 12 passes through condenser 13, then through the first branch and throttling device 11, before returning to compressor 12. Another branch passes through throttling element 10, evaporator 9, and throttling device 11 before returning to compressor 12.

[0091] The first branch includes a first refrigerant circuit and a second refrigerant circuit connected in parallel;

[0092] The first refrigerant circuit includes a first expansion valve 5 and a first photovoltaic thermal module assembly arranged in sequence.

[0093] The first expansion valve 5 is connected to the first main control module 7.

[0094] The first photovoltaic thermal module assembly is equipped with a first inlet thermometer at the liquid inlet end to obtain the first inlet temperature T6, and a first outlet thermometer at the liquid outlet end to obtain the first outlet temperature T5.

[0095] The first photovoltaic thermal module set includes a first photovoltaic thermal module 1 and a second photovoltaic thermal module 2 arranged in parallel.

[0096] The back panel of the first photovoltaic thermal module 1 is equipped with a first back panel thermometer for obtaining the first back panel temperature T1, and the back panel of the second photovoltaic thermal module 2 is equipped with a second back panel thermometer for obtaining the second back panel temperature T2.

[0097] The second refrigerant circuit includes a second expansion valve 6 and a second photovoltaic thermal module assembly arranged in sequence.

[0098] The second expansion valve 6 is connected to the second main control module 8.

[0099] The second photovoltaic thermal module assembly is equipped with a second inlet thermometer at the liquid inlet end to obtain the second inlet temperature T8, and a second outlet thermometer at the liquid outlet end to obtain the second outlet temperature T7.

[0100] The second photovoltaic thermal module set includes a third photovoltaic thermal module 3 and a fourth photovoltaic thermal module 4 arranged in parallel.

[0101] The back panel of the third photovoltaic thermal module 3 is equipped with a third back panel thermometer for obtaining the third back panel temperature T3, and the back panel of the fourth photovoltaic thermal module 4 is equipped with a fourth back panel thermometer for obtaining the fourth back panel temperature T4.

[0102] Preferably, but not limitingly, the main control module may be an MCU main control module.

[0103] Preferably, but not limitingly, the evaporator 9 may be an air-source finned tube evaporator.

[0104] like Figure 4 As shown, the main control module includes: a temperature data acquisition module 19 and a data processing module 20.

[0105] The temperature data acquisition module 19 acquires data from the thermometers installed on the back of the photovoltaic thermal module, as well as data from the inlet thermometer at the liquid inlet end and the outlet thermometer at the liquid outlet end of the photovoltaic thermal module assembly, and transmits the acquired data to the data processing module 20.

[0106] The data processing module calculates the superheat of the expansion valve by subtracting the data from the outlet thermometer from the data from the inlet thermometer.

[0107] The data processing module calculates the backsheet temperature of each photovoltaic thermal module set by taking the arithmetic average of the data from the thermometers on the backsheets of all photovoltaic thermal modules in each set.

[0108] The data processing module 20 sequentially obtains the predicted meteorological data 24 and the current meteorological data 25 through the gateway module 22 and the cloud server 23.

[0109] The data processing module 20 is communicatively connected to the local storage module 26 and is used to read instructions, system-related data, etc., or write system-related data, etc.

[0110] The storage module 26 is connected to the display / interaction area 27 for exchanging data.

[0111] Display / interaction area 27 is used to display control results and obtain control commands.

[0112] The data processing module 20 controls the opening degree of the expansion valve through the expansion valve drive command 21.

[0113] In this embodiment, 14-18 represent the collected thermometer data T1-T8, where T1-T8 is... Figure 3 T1-T8 are shown in the diagram.

[0114] The main control module can be powered by photovoltaic or grid power. It achieves communication data interaction by collecting multiple temperature signals and communicating with the cloud and network, and at the same time drives the control of the expansion valve.

[0115] The main control module of this invention not only ensures the real-time and forward-looking nature of the control strategy, but also enhances the reliability and flexibility of the system through data storage and user interaction, ultimately providing a solid intelligent control foundation for the efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0116] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is loaded onto the processor, it implements the control method described above.

[0117] Embodiment 5 of the present invention provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the control method disclosed in the present invention.

[0118] Storage media can be tangible devices capable of holding and storing instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Storage media can be, for example, but not limited to, electrical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical encoding devices, such as punch cards or recessed protrusions storing instructions thereon, and any suitable combination thereof. Storage media as used herein is not to be construed as transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0119] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper cables, fiber optic cables, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to storage media within the respective computing / processing device.

[0120] Computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), is personalized by utilizing the status information of the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain forecast meteorological data for a preset future time period; Based on the predicted meteorological data, determine whether extreme weather exists. If so, record the start and end times of the extreme weather and enter the prevention mode. Otherwise, based on the predicted meteorological data, match the expansion valve superheat control target of the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system with the backplate temperature comparison target. Real-time meteorological data is acquired, and the opening degree of each expansion valve is matched. After the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system has been running for the first steady state time, the superheat of each expansion valve is collected and calculated, and compared with the respective expansion valve superheat control target. Based on the comparison result, the expansion valve is controlled in the first stage. After the first-level regulation is completed and the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system has been running for the second steady-state time, the backplate temperature of each photovoltaic-thermal module set is collected and calculated, and compared with the backplate temperature comparison target. Based on the comparison result, the expansion valve is subjected to second-level regulation. After completing the secondary regulation and maintaining the inspection cycle, the photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system will operate for the first steady-state time, and then undergo primary regulation again, and the cycle will repeat.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prevention mode specifically includes: During a first set time period before the start time of the extreme weather, the expansion valve is closed or its opening is reduced; during a second set time period after the end time of the extreme weather, the expansion valve is opened or its opening is increased.

3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-level regulation of the expansion valve based on the comparison results specifically includes: If the superheat of the expansion valve is greater than the superheat control target, the opening of the expansion valve is increased; if the superheat of the expansion valve is less than the superheat control target, the opening of the expansion valve is decreased. After the adjustment is completed, the first steady-state operation time is run again, and this cycle is repeated until the superheat of the expansion valve is equal to the superheat control target.

4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of performing secondary regulation of the expansion valve based on the comparison results specifically includes: If the backplate temperature is greater than the target backplate temperature, increase the opening of the expansion valve; if the backplate temperature is less than the target backplate temperature, decrease the opening of the expansion valve. After adjustment, run the second steady-state operation time again, and repeat this cycle until the backplate temperature equals the target backplate temperature.

5. A photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system, controlled by the method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: The circuit includes a heat pump module with a compressor, a first branch with a photovoltaic thermal module, and a second branch with an evaporator. The refrigerant output by the heat pump module flows back to the heat pump module through the first branch and through the second branch. The first branch includes n parallel refrigerant circuits. Each refrigerant circuit is equipped with a photovoltaic thermal module set. The liquid inlet of each photovoltaic thermal module set is connected to an expansion valve. The expansion valve is connected to a main control module, which is used to control the opening degree of the expansion valve. Wherein, n≥2.

6. The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the photovoltaic and solar thermal module sets is also equipped with an inlet thermometer at the liquid inlet end to obtain the liquid inlet temperature, and an outlet thermometer at the liquid outlet end to obtain the liquid outlet temperature. The superheat of the expansion valve is calculated by subtracting the outlet temperature from the inlet temperature. The main control module performs primary control on the expansion valve based on the comparison between the superheat of the expansion valve and the superheat control target.

7. The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each photovoltaic thermal module assembly includes at least one photovoltaic thermal module, and all photovoltaic thermal module back panels are equipped with back panel thermometers to obtain the temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module back panels. The backplate temperature of each photovoltaic thermal module set is calculated by taking the arithmetic average of the temperatures of the backplates of all the photovoltaic thermal modules in each set. The main control module then performs secondary regulation on the expansion valve based on the comparison result between the backplate temperature and the target backplate temperature.

8. The photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main control module includes: a temperature data acquisition module and a data processing module; The temperature data acquisition module is used to acquire data from the thermometer installed on the back plate of the photovoltaic thermal module, the liquid inlet thermometer at the liquid inlet end of the photovoltaic thermal module assembly and the liquid outlet thermometer at the liquid outlet end, and transmit the acquired data to the data processing module. The data processing module calculates the superheat of the expansion valve by subtracting the data from the data of the inlet thermometer from the data of the outlet thermometer. The data processing module calculates the backplate temperature of each photovoltaic thermal module set by taking the arithmetic average of the data from the thermometers on the backplates of all the photovoltaic thermal modules in each photovoltaic thermal module set. The data processing module sequentially obtains predicted meteorological data and current meteorological data through the gateway module and the cloud server.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the computer program is loaded into the processor, it implements the control method according to any one of claims 1-4.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program, when running, controls the device containing the storage medium to execute the control method according to any one of claims 1-4.

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