A mixed refrigerant for replacing R290, its preparation method and uses

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of refrigerant technology. It provides a mixed refrigerant for replacing R290, its preparation method, and its uses. The mixed refrigerant comprises a first component, a second component, and a third component. The first component is trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, the second component is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene, and the third component is trifluoromethyl methyl ether. Compared with existing R290 refrigerants, this mixed refrigerant contains no flammable or explosive components and will not form a high-risk flammable aerosol due to density stratification after leakage, thus exhibiting higher safety performance and a safety level not lower than A2L. The mixed refrigerant also has a low GWP (Gross Potentially Powered) environmental characteristic, with a GWP ≤ 150, meeting environmental protection requirements. The thermophysical properties, refrigeration, and / or heating cycle performance of the mixed refrigerant are similar to or better than those of R290. This mixed refrigerant can directly replace R290 refrigerant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigerant technology, specifically relating to a mixed refrigerant for replacing R290, its preparation method, and its uses. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in refrigeration equipment (excluding coolers), in addition to meeting on-site safety requirements, relevant regulations have explicitly prohibited the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases with a GWP value higher than 150. Therefore, a low GWP value (i.e., GWP ≤ 150) has become a necessary requirement for the development of new refrigerants.

[0003] In the promotion and application of new-generation environmentally friendly refrigerants, propane (R290), a natural working medium, has a GWP of 5. It also possesses excellent flowability and heat transfer properties, a low exhaust temperature, and a small pressure ratio, making it one of the most promising environmentally friendly refrigerants for widespread application. However, because R290 is a Class A3 flammable refrigerant, coupled with the immature application technology in the existing industrial chain, its use in confined spaces such as automotive air conditioning systems poses serious safety risks. Furthermore, its safety is also significantly insufficient under high-charge conditions, such as in household air conditioning systems. In addition, the development and widespread adoption of heat pump technology require refrigerants to not only have excellent cooling capacity but also outstanding heating performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a refrigerant with good environmental performance (GWP≤150), high safety, and cooling and heating capabilities comparable to or even better than R290 to replace it. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies such as poor safety performance of R290, this invention provides a mixed refrigerant for replacing R290, its preparation method, and its uses. The mixed refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf), and trifluoromethyl ether (HFE-143a). The mixed refrigerant has a GWP ≤ 150, and its safety performance is A2L, significantly superior to R290's A3, thus eliminating the issue of limited filling volume. The cooling and heating effects of the mixed refrigerant are comparable to R290. This mixed refrigerant can directly replace R290 for long-term use.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A mixed refrigerant comprising a first component, a second component, and a third component; the first component being trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), the second component being 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf), and the third component being trifluoromethyl methyl ether (HFE-143a).

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 0.5% to 32% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 40% to 99% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 0.5% to 28% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixed refrigerant is composed of a first component, a second component and a third component; the first component is trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), the second component is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf), and the third component is trifluoromethyl ether (HFE-143a).

[0009] According to embodiments of the present invention, the trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf) and trifluoromethyl methyl ether (HFE-143a) are prepared by methods known in the art or obtained through commercial purchase.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mass of the first component accounts for 0.5% to 32% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, for example, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, or 32%.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second component accounts for 40% to 99% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, for example, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mass of the third component accounts for 0.5% to 28% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, for example, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 25%, 26% or 28%.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the masses of the first component, the second combination, and the third component accounts for 100% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mass of the first component accounts for 0.5% to 32% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, or 5% to 32%, or 10% to 32%, or 12% to 32%, or 15% to 32%, or 5% to 28%, or 5% to 26%, or 8% to 26%, or 10% to 26%, or 10% to 22%, or 12% to 28%, or 12% to 26%, or 12% to 24%, or 15% to 26%, or 15% to 24%, or 18% to 24%, or 20% to 26%, or 22% to 26%, or 15%, or 20%, or 22%, or 24%, or 26%.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second component accounts for 40% to 99% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, or 48% to 92%, or 50% to 90%, or 59% to 86%, or 57% to 86%, or 60% to 83%, or 65% to 78%, or 65% to 77%, or 65% to 74%, or 65%, or 66%, or 71%, or 73%.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the third component accounts for 0.5% to 28% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, or 5% to 28%, or 3% to 24%, or 5% to 24%, or 5% to 20%, or 4% to 15%, or 5% to 18%, or 5% to 10%, or 6% to 19%, or 6% to 14%, or 6% to 12%, or 6% to 8%, or 7% to 15%, or 7% to 12%, or 7% to 10%, or 7%, or 9%, or 10%, or 12%.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 5% to 32% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 44% to 93% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 2% to 24% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 10% to 31% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 47% to 87% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 3% to 22% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 15% to 30% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 50% to 81% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 4% to 20% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 18% to 28% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 56% to 77% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 5% to 16% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 19% to 27% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 59% to 75% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 6% to 14% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 20% to 26% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 64% to 73% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 7% to 10% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 5% to 30% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 46% to 90% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 5% to 24% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 8% to 28% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 52% to 86% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 6% to 20% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 10% to 26% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 58% to 83% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 7% to 16% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 15% to 22% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 66% to 78% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 7% to 12% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 20% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 71% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 9% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 22% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 71% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 7% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 24% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 66% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 10% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first component accounts for 26% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, the second component accounts for 65% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant, and the third component accounts for 9% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixed refrigerant does not include flammable hydrocarbons; the flammable hydrocarbons are flammable organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen elements; the flammable hydrocarbons are exemplary propane, propylene, cyclopropane, isobutene, isobutane, n-butene, etc.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the GWP of the mixed refrigerant is ≤150, indicating that the mixed refrigerant has good environmental performance and meets environmental protection requirements.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ODP of the mixed refrigerant is 0, indicating that the mixed refrigerant has good environmental performance and meets environmental protection requirements.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the safety level of the mixed refrigerant is not lower than A2L; indicating that the mixed refrigerant has high safety performance.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant is ≥90°C; indicating that the application of the mixed refrigerant is not limited and it is suitable for use in high-temperature areas during summer.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant is 3.85-4.40 MPa; indicating that the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant is comparable to that of R290, and it can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant for long-term use without requiring changes to the refrigeration and / or heating system.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the standard boiling point of the mixed refrigerant is ≤-35℃; indicating that the mixed refrigerant can work normally in most unheated areas (≥-25℃).

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the volumetric cooling capacity of the mixed refrigerant to that of R290 is not less than 0.95; the ratio of the volumetric heating capacity of the mixed refrigerant to that of R290 is not less than 0.95; indicating that the volumetric cooling capacity and volumetric heating capacity of the mixed refrigerant are comparable to those of R290, and can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant for long-term use without requiring changes to the refrigeration and / or heating system.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the coefficient of performance (COP) of the mixed refrigerant to that of R290 is not less than 0.95; the ratio of the coefficient of performance (COP) of the mixed refrigerant to that of R290 is not less than 0.95; indicating that the COP of the mixed refrigerant is comparable to that of R290, and can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant for long-term use without requiring changes to the refrigeration and / or heating system.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower flammability limit (LFL) of the mixed refrigerant is ≥5.5%; indicating that the mixed refrigerant is safer to use and can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant for long-term use without requiring changes to the refrigeration and / or heating system.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat of combustion (HOC) of the mixed refrigerant is ≤11.5 MJ·kg -1 This indicates that the mixed refrigerant is safer to use and can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant for long-term use without requiring changes to the refrigeration and / or heating system.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixed refrigerant has excellent thermodynamic properties and good cooling and heating effects, making it suitable for use in low-temperature heat pumps (room air conditioners and automotive air conditioners); the heating temperature of the low-temperature heat pump is less than 60°C.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixed refrigerant can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant.

[0044] The present invention also provides a composition containing a refrigerant, the composition comprising the above-described mixed refrigerant.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition may contain at least one of the following other components as needed.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition includes refrigeration oil.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the content of the refrigeration oil relative to the composition containing refrigerant is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less; for example, when used in an automotive air conditioner, the content of the refrigeration oil relative to the composition containing refrigerant is preferably 7% by mass or less; when used in a room air conditioner, the content of the refrigeration oil relative to the composition containing refrigerant is preferably 1% by mass or less.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition includes water.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the content of water relative to the composition containing refrigerant is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or less; the addition of trace amounts of water can stabilize the intramolecular double bonds of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds in the refrigerant, and also makes it less prone to oxidation of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds, thus improving the stability of the composition containing refrigerant.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition comprises an ultraviolet fluorescent dye.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the content of the ultraviolet fluorescent dye relative to the composition containing the refrigerant is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less.

[0052] According to embodiments of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition of the present invention may contain a single refrigerant or two or more refrigerants as ultraviolet fluorescent dyes. There are no particular limitations on the ultraviolet fluorescent dye; it can be appropriately selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes. Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalenediimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthracene, thioxanthracene, benzoxanthracene, and fluorescein, as well as their derivatives. Either or both of naphthalenediimide and coumarin are particularly preferred as ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition includes a stabilizer.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the content of the stabilizer relative to the composition containing the refrigerant is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less. The content of the stabilizer relative to the composition containing the refrigerant is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more.

[0055] According to embodiments of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition of the present invention may contain only one type of stabilizer or two or more types. There are no particular limitations on the stabilizer; it can be appropriately selected from commonly used stabilizers. Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines. Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitrobenzene, and aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene. Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane. Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine. Furthermore, butylated hydroxyxylene and benzotriazole may also be included.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition includes a polymerization inhibitor.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the content of the polymerization inhibitor relative to the composition containing the refrigerant is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less. The content of the stabilizer relative to the composition containing the refrigerant is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more.

[0058] According to embodiments of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition of the present invention may contain only one type of polymerization inhibitor or two or more types. There are no particular limitations on the polymerization inhibitor, and it can be appropriately selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors. Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, benzotriazole, etc.

[0059] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant-containing composition can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant.

[0060] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned mixed refrigerant, the method comprising the following steps:

[0061] The first component, the second component, and the third component are mixed and stirred in a low-temperature, normal-pressure liquid phase to obtain the mixed refrigerant; wherein, the first component is trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), the second component is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf), and the third component is trifluoromethyl ether (HFE-143a).

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the low temperature refers to a temperature range of -60℃ to -50℃.

[0063] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned composition containing refrigerant, the method comprising the following steps:

[0064] The components of the refrigerant-containing composition are mixed and stirred in a low-temperature, normal-pressure liquid phase to obtain the refrigerant-containing composition.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the low temperature refers to a temperature range of -60℃ to -50℃.

[0066] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned mixed refrigerant for direct replacement of R290 as a refrigerant.

[0067] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixed refrigerant is used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant in refrigeration and / or heating systems.

[0068] The present invention also provides a refrigeration and / or heating system comprising the above-described mixed refrigerant or the above-described composition containing refrigerant.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration and / or heating system uses the above-described mixed refrigerant or the above-described refrigerant-containing composition as the working fluid.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration and / or heating system is an automotive air conditioner and / or a room air conditioner.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the automotive air conditioner is, for example, a plug-in hybrid vehicle air conditioner or an electric vehicle air conditioner.

[0072] The present invention also provides a method for operating a refrigeration and / or heating system, the method comprising the step of circulating the above-mentioned mixed refrigerant or the above-mentioned refrigerant-containing composition as a working fluid in the refrigeration and / or heating system.

[0073] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0074] This invention provides a mixed refrigerant for replacing R290, its preparation method, and its uses. Compared with R290 refrigerant in the prior art, the mixed refrigerant has no flammable or explosive components, and will not form a high-risk flammable aerosol due to density stratification after leakage, thus exhibiting higher safety performance and a safety level of not less than A2L. The mixed refrigerant has low GWP (Gross Potential) environmental characteristics, with a GWP ≤ 150, meeting environmental protection requirements. The thermophysical properties, refrigeration, and / or heating cycle performance of the mixed refrigerant are similar to or better than those of R290. The mixed refrigerant can directly replace R290 refrigerant. Detailed Implementation

[0075] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention are covered within the scope of protection intended by the present invention.

[0076] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0077] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.

[0078] The method for preparing the mixed refrigerant in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention is to physically mix and stir the components in the mixed refrigerant according to their respective mass percentages in a liquid phase state at -60°C and atmospheric pressure (0.1MPa).

[0079] The safety rating of the mixed refrigerants in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention is judged as follows: A represents non-toxic, B represents toxic, 1 represents non-flammable, 2L represents slightly flammable, 2 represents flammable, and 3 represents highly flammable.

[0080] The basic parameters of each component in the mixed refrigerant of the present invention embodiments and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0081] Table 1. Basic material parameters of each component in the mixed refrigerant of the examples and comparative examples.

[0082]

[0083] The mass percentage of each component in the mixed refrigerant of the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention is shown in Table 2.

[0084] Table 2 Composition of the mixed refrigerants in the examples and comparative examples

[0085]

[0086] Test Example 1: Thermal Properties

[0087] The thermophysical parameters of the mixed refrigerants in the examples and comparative examples were obtained through theoretical calculations, and the calculation results are shown in Table 3.

[0088] Table 3. Thermophysical properties of the Examples, Comparative Examples, and R290 refrigerant

[0089]

[0090] As shown in Table 3, the mixed refrigerant provided by this invention meets the environmental protection requirements of GWP < 150 and ODP = 0. The test results in Table 3 also show that the standard boiling point and critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant provided by this invention are close to R290, and its critical pressure is comparable to or even slightly lower than R290. This indicates that the mixed refrigerant provided by this invention can directly replace R290 without requiring significant modifications to the refrigeration and / or heating systems, making it a long-term alternative to R290. Conversely, the critical temperatures of the mixed refrigerants in Comparative Examples 1-2 are below 90℃, posing a risk of supercriticality and safety hazards in certain high-temperature environments during the summer (such as charging electric vehicles under the scorching sun in Turpan during the summer). The critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant in Comparative Example 2 far exceeds that of R290, indicating that if the mixed refrigerant in Comparative Example 2 is used, the pressure-resistant parts and piping of the R290 system must be replaced, significantly increasing the cost of replacing R290 and adding to the inconvenience of replacement.

[0091] Test Example 2 Performance Test

[0092] Performance tests were conducted on the mixed refrigerants of the examples and comparative examples to obtain the COP ratio and refrigeration capacity ratio based on R290. The operating conditions selected for the tests were: evaporation temperature -25°C, condensation temperature 60°C, superheat 5°C, subcooling 5°C, and compressor adiabatic efficiency of 0.75. The cycle performance parameters of the above-mentioned examples, comparative examples, and R290 refrigerants in the refrigeration system were tested and calculated, and the relative volumetric refrigeration capacity Q was compared. vc (Ratio of cooling capacity per unit volume to R290), relative heating capacity per unit volume Q vh (Ratio of heating capacity per unit volume to R290), relative coefficient of performance (COP) c (Ratio of cooling performance coefficient to R290), relative heating performance coefficient (COP) h The following parameters are recorded in Table 4: (ratio of heating performance coefficient to R290), evaporation pressure, condensation pressure, pressure ratio, and exhaust temperature.

[0093] Table 4. Cooling and heating performance parameters of the examples, comparative examples, and R290 refrigerant.

[0094]

[0095] As shown in Table 4, the evaporation pressure of the mixed refrigerant of the present invention is slightly lower than that of R290, the condensation pressure is basically equivalent to that of R290, and the pressure ratio is slightly higher than that of R290. This indicates that the mixed refrigerant of the present invention can directly replace R290 without making significant modifications to the system. The relative COP and relative volumetric cooling capacity Q of the mixed refrigerant of the present invention are also shown. v The performance is comparable to that of R290 refrigerant, indicating that the mixed refrigerant of the present invention can be used to directly replace R290 as a refrigerant without causing a significant reduction in performance. The relative COP of Comparative Examples 3, 5, and 9 is shown. c and relative COP h All were significantly lower than 1.0, indicating poor economic efficiency; the exhaust temperatures of Comparative Examples 3, 4, and 7 were significantly higher than those of the Example, indicating that they would increase compressor energy consumption and reduce system efficiency; Comparative Example 6 contained trifluoroiodomethane, and if leakage occurred, the trifluoroiodomethane would easily decompose into hexafluoroethane (R116) with a GWP of 11100 and trifluoromethane (R23) with a GWP of 12400, increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0096] Test Example 3 Combustion Performance

[0097] The combustion performance of the mixed refrigerants in the examples and comparative examples was obtained through theoretical calculations.

[0098] The heat of combustion is calculated from the standard enthalpy of formation of components such as HFO-1132(E), HFO-1234yf, HFE-143a, CO2, HF, COF2, and H2O to obtain the standard enthalpy of combustion.

[0099] Table 5 Combustion parameters of the examples, comparative examples, and R290 refrigerant

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 5, the mixed refrigerant in the embodiments has a lower heat of combustion (HOC) and a higher lower flammability limit (LFL), indicating that the mixed refrigerant of the present invention is safer to use and can directly replace R290 refrigerant without requiring changes to the safety performance of the refrigeration and / or heating system. In contrast, the heat of combustion of comparative examples 3, 4, and 7 exceeds 20 MJ·kg⁻¹. -1 The combustion safety level is 3, classifying it as flammable and explosive, and it shares the same safety issues as R290. Comparative Examples 5, 8, and 9 all contain flammable and explosive chemicals such as alkanes and alkenes. In the event of a leak, the gases may stratify due to density, causing the concentration of flammable gases in the local area to far exceed the design value. The local flammability may temporarily reach level 2 or 3, forming a high-risk flammable cloud.

[0102] In summary, the mixed refrigerant provided by this invention not only has the environmentally friendly characteristic of low GWP, but also has thermal performance comparable to or even better than R290, and can effectively replace R290.

[0103] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixed refrigerant, wherein, The mixed refrigerant comprises a first component, a second component, and a third component; the first component is trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, the second component is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene, and the third component is trifluoromethyl ether; the first component accounts for 15% to 30% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the second component accounts for 42% to 84% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant. The third component accounts for 0.5% to 28% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the mixed refrigerant does not include flammable hydrocarbons.

2. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 1, wherein, The first component accounts for 15% to 30% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 50% to 81% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 4% to 20% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

3. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 2, wherein, The first component accounts for 18% to 28% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 56% to 77% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 5% to 16% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

4. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 3, wherein, The first component accounts for 19% to 27% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 59% to 75% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 6% to 14% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

5. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 4, wherein, The first component accounts for 20% to 26% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 64% to 73% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 7% to 10% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

6. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 2, wherein, The first component accounts for 15% to 22% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 66% to 78% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 7% to 12% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

7. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 5, wherein, The first component accounts for 20% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 71% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 9% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

8. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 5, wherein, The first component accounts for 22% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 71% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 7% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

9. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 5, wherein, The first component accounts for 24% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 66% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 10% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

10. The mixed refrigerant according to claim 5, wherein, The first component accounts for 26% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; the second component accounts for 65% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant; and the third component accounts for 9% of the total mass of the mixed refrigerant.

11. The mixed refrigerant according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein, The mixed refrigerant satisfies one or more of the following performance parameters: (1) The GWP of the mixed refrigerant is ≤150; (2) The safety level of the mixed refrigerant is not lower than A2L; (3) The ratio of the unit volume refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant to the unit volume refrigeration capacity of R290 is not less than 0.95; (4) The ratio of the unit volume heat capacity of the mixed refrigerant to the unit volume heat capacity of R290 is not less than 0.95; (5) The ratio of the coefficient of performance (COP) of the mixed refrigerant to that of R290 is not less than 0.95; (6) The ratio of the coefficient of performance of the mixed refrigerant to that of R290 is not less than 0.

95.

12. Use of the mixed refrigerant according to any one of claims 1-11, for direct replacement of R290 as a refrigerant.

13. A refrigeration and / or heating system comprising the mixed refrigerant according to any one of claims 1-11.

14. The refrigeration and / or heating system according to claim 13, wherein, The refrigeration and / or heating system is an automotive air conditioner and / or a room air conditioner.

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