Method of exploiting inclined coal seams

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a mining method of inclined coal seam, and relates to the technical field of coal mining. The mining method comprises the following steps: presetting a determination method of inclined coal seam category; presetting mining methods of different categories of inclined coal seam; obtaining thickness data and inclination ratio data of a target coal seam; determining the category of the inclined coal seam according to the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the preset determination method of inclined coal seam category; and determining a corresponding mining method for mining by using the determined category and the preset mining methods of different categories of inclined coal seam.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a mining method of inclined coal seam. BACKGROUND

[0002] Inclined coal seam refers to coal seam with a dip angle greater than 25°, which is difficult to mine and has high technical requirements. China is rich in inclined coal seam resources, but due to complex geological conditions, the mining technology is relatively backward, and there are many challenges. According to statistics, more than half of the inclined coal seam is high-quality coking coal and anthracite.

[0003] At present, for inclined coal seam, the commonly used mining methods include reverse bench method, pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support mining method, horizontal slicing mining method and warehouse mining method, etc. However, these commonly used mining methods are relatively backward, and have problems such as low mining efficiency, high mining cost, and serious resource waste.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a mining method of inclined coal seam.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a mining method of inclined coal seam is provided, which comprises:

[0007] A determination method of preset inclined coal seam category, when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is less than 20 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the first category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the second category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the third category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the fourth category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the fifth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the sixth category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the seventh category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the eighth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the ninth category;

[0008] The preset mining methods of different categories of inclined coal seams are as follows: the first category is mined by using a first mining method, the second category is mined by using a second mining method, the third category is mined by using a third mining method, the fourth category is mined by using a fourth mining method, the fifth category is mined by using a fifth mining method, the sixth category is mined by using a sixth mining method, the seventh category is mined by using a seventh mining method, the eighth category is mined by using an eighth mining method, and the ninth category is mined by using a ninth mining method. The first mining method comprises a scraper self-sluicing type 110 method or an N00 method, the second mining method comprises a caving self-sluicing type sublevel mining method, the third mining method comprises a caving self-sluicing type sublevel mining method, the fourth mining method comprises a scraper self-sluicing type layer-by-layer 110 method or an N00 method, the fifth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method, the sixth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method, the seventh mining method comprises a scraper self-sluicing type layer-by-layer 110 method or an N00 method, the eighth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method, and the ninth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 method.

[0009] The thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam are obtained, and the category of the inclined coal seam is determined according to the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the determination method of the preset categories of inclined coal seams.

[0010] The determined category is used to determine the corresponding mining method for mining according to the preset mining methods of different categories of inclined coal seams.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the scraper self-sluicing type 110 method or the N00 method comprises the following steps: forming a coal mining face, a transportation crossheading, a track crossheading, a first track downhole, a first transportation downhole, a first main shaft and a first auxiliary shaft, arranging an inclined longwall face, descending a coal cutter to cut coal, ascending the coal cutter to perform empty cutting, using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks, automatically sluicing the coal in the working face along a special scraper, entering the transportation downhole along the transportation crossheading, and finally discharging the coal from the first main shaft.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the caving self-sluicing type sublevel mining method comprises the following steps: forming a second main shaft, a second auxiliary shaft and a blasting line, using a two-dimensional blasting technique to perform sublevel caving mining, and automatically sluicing the caved coal to the bottom roadway and transporting the caved coal out under the action of gravity.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the scraper self-rolling layering 110 method or N00 method comprises: forming an upper layer mining face, a lower layer mining face, an upper layer transportation crossheading, a lower layer transportation crossheading, an upper layer rail crossheading, a second rail downhole, a second transportation downhole, a third main shaft and a third auxiliary shaft; arranging two or three layers of inclined longwall faces, and performing top-down layering mining, with a coal cutter descending to cut coal and ascending to idle, and using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks, the working face rolls coal along the special scraper, enters the transportation downhole along the transportation crossheading, and finally discharges coal from the third main shaft.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth mining method is the same as the sixth mining method.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth mining method and the sixth mining method are both the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a strike working face.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a strike working face comprises: forming a first lower segment mining face, a first upper segment goaf, a first N00 method self-lane, a first coal rolling channel, a fourth main shaft and a fourth auxiliary shaft; arranging a longwall face along the strike of the coal seam and dividing it into multiple segments, and mining from left to right, each segment using N00 method fully mechanized top coal caving technology, after the working face discharges coal blocks, using belt transportation to transport to the first coal rolling channel, and then discharging coal from the fourth main shaft.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the eighth mining method is the same as the ninth mining method.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the eighth mining method and the ninth mining method are both the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a dip working face.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a dip working face comprises: forming a second lower segment mining face, a second upper segment goaf, a second N00 method self-lane, a second coal rolling channel, a fifth main shaft and a fifth auxiliary shaft; arranging a longwall face along the dip of the coal seam and dividing it into multiple segments, and mining from top to bottom, each segment using N00 method fully mechanized top coal caving technology, using the second coal rolling channel to transport coal, using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks to make the coal blocks slide to the second coal rolling channel, and then using belt transportation to the fifth main shaft to discharge coal.

[0020] The mining method of the inclined coal seam provided by the present disclosure is aimed at the complex geological conditions of the inclined coal seam, and the combinations of thickness and inclination ratio are different. Nine categories of classification methods are divided, with thickness three intervals (<20m, 20-50m, >50m) combined with inclination ratio three intervals (1-2, 2-3, >3) as dimensions, to achieve fine division of the coal seam; the stress field, gas migration channel, and surrounding rock stability of different categories of coal seams are significantly different, such as the first category (<20m thick, 1-2 inclination ratio) coal seam, which is small in thickness and relatively slow in inclination, and the roof pressure distribution is more uniform during mining; while the ninth category (>50m thick, >3 inclination ratio) coal seam is thick and has a large inclination, and mining faces high stress concentration and high risk of coal wall spalling, the classification system accurately distinguishes these differences, provides geological reference for subsequent mining method adaptation, and solves the problem that traditional mining is difficult to adapt to complex geological conditions. After classification, the mining method is pre-set according to the needs, such as the first category matching the scraper self-sliding 110 method, to realize the deep adaptation of the mining method to the geological conditions and break through the bottleneck of low mechanization and poor efficiency of traditional methods. At the same time, the process of "data acquisition-category determination-method matching" lays the foundation for intelligent mining decision-making, enabling the mine to quickly select and optimize the mining scheme according to accurate geological data, improve resource recovery rate, make up for the shortcomings of traditional methods, reduce the risk of gas overrun and mining cost, promote the transformation of inclined coal seam mining to a safe, efficient and green modern mode, adapt to the diversified needs of new mine geology, and release the development potential of high-quality coking coal and anthracite resources.

[0021] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and are not limiting to the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and form part of the specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 The flowchart of the inclined coal seam sublevel mining method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the scraper self-sliding 110 method or N00 method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the scraper self-sliding sublevel 110 method or N00 method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a caving sublevel longwall mining method is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a draw-to-face sublevel drawbell N00 method is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a draw-to-face sublevel drawbell N00 method is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] 11 inclined longwall face; 12 haulage entry; 13 track entry; 14 first track downgate; 15 first haulage downgate; 16 first main shaft; 17 first sub-shaft;

[0031] 21 second main shaft; 22 second sub-shaft; 23 blast line; 24 coal haulage roadway;

[0032] 311 upper sublevel face; 312 lower sublevel face; 321 upper sublevel track entry; 322 lower sublevel track entry; 331 upper sublevel haulage entry; 332 lower sublevel haulage entry; 34 second track downgate; 35 second haulage downgate; 36 third main shaft; 37 third sub-shaft;

[0033] 41 first lower sublevel face; 42 first upper sublevel goaf; 43 first N00 method self-formed roadway; 44 first coal draw passage; 45 fourth main shaft; 46 fourth sub-shaft;

[0034] 51 second lower sublevel face; 52 second upper sublevel goaf; 53 second N00 method self-formed roadway; 54 second coal draw passage; 55 fifth main shaft; 56 fifth sub-shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Example embodiments now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments, however, can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the figures, and descriptions of the same elements can be omitted from the descriptions of the figures.

[0036] Although relative terms are used in this description, such as "upper," "lower," to describe one component's relationship to another component, these terms are used herein for convenience only and are not intended to be limiting. It is to be understood that when a structure is referred to as being "on" another structure, it can be directly on the other structure or intervening structures can also be present. In addition, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" can be used herein to describe various components, but such components should not be limited by these terms. Such terms can be used interchangeably with appropriate spatial terms and / or used as an independent reference to describe a component.

[0037] The terms "one," "a," "an," "the" and "at least one" are used to mean that "one or more" of something is present; the terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" are used to mean "including, but not limited to"; and the term "consisting essentially of" means "including at least the recited elements, and any additional elements as are optional." The terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used only as labels, and do not imply any order or precedence.

[0038] At present, the commonly used mining methods for inclined coal seams include the reverse bench method, the pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support mining method, the horizontal slicing mining method, and the stockpiling mining method, etc.

[0039] The reverse bench mining method is essentially to arrange a strike longwall face in the inclined coal seam, and to divide the working face, which should be kept straight, into multiple small working faces, and the lower small working face is ahead of the upper small working face, and the whole working face forms a reverse bench shape. This method is mainly used for thin seam mining, and is difficult to realize mechanization, has low efficiency and poor safety, and is almost not used at present.

[0040] The pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support mining method is suitable for inclined coal seams with a large inclination angle and a coal seam thickness of 1.8-40 m. This method generally divides the inclined coal seam into 15-40 m long sections on the vertical plane, and arranges a section return air roadway (upper part) and a section transport roadway (lower part) along the coal seam strike for each section, and generally excavates an advanced transport roadway 3-5 m above the section transport roadway, and arranges the working face between the advanced transport roadway and the section return air roadway. Although this method has good safety, it has high labor intensity, poor working conditions, and is difficult to realize mechanization, and is still used in a few mines at present.

[0041] Among them, the horizontal layer mining method is mainly used for inclined coal seams with large thickness. The inclined thick coal seam is divided into several horizontal (inclined) layers with a height of 2-3 m from top to bottom, and is mined layer by layer from top to bottom. At present, this method is no longer used and has been replaced by the horizontal section (layer) top coal caving mining method. The stockpile mining method divides a section into several warehouses along the strike with a certain width, each warehouse has an upward inclined advancing working face arranged along the strike, and the mined coal is temporarily stored in the goaf under the working face. The top and bottom plates are temporarily supported, and the stored coal is fully discharged after the warehouse is mined. This method is usually used for inclined coal seams with a thickness of less than 3 m. At present, this method is no longer used.

[0042] In addition to the horizontal layer mining method, the common shortcomings of other methods are difficult to realize mechanization, low efficiency, poor safety, poor working conditions, high labor intensity, and therefore it is very urgent to develop new safe, efficient and green mining methods for inclined coal seams. At present, the research on mining methods for inclined coal seams still mainly uses traditional methods. However, with the diversification of the geological conditions and coal seam thickness of the region where the newly developed mine is located, the current mining method has gradually become outdated, with low process efficiency, serious resource waste, low recovery rate of only 55%-65%, difficulty in gas control, high mining cost, large amount of roadway excavation, high maintenance cost, and low intelligent degree.

[0043] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a mining method for inclined coal seams, as shown in Figure 1 The mining method comprises:

[0044] Step S100, a determination method of preset inclined coal seam categories. When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is less than 20 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the first category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the second category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the third category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the fourth category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the fifth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the sixth category; when the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the seventh category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the eighth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the ninth category;

[0045] Step S200, presetting different categories of inclined coal seam mining methods, the first category adopts the first mining method for mining, the second category adopts the second mining method for mining, the third category adopts the third mining method for mining, the fourth category adopts the fourth mining method for mining, the fifth category adopts the fifth mining method for mining, the sixth category adopts the sixth mining method for mining, the seventh category adopts the seventh mining method for mining, the eighth category adopts the eighth mining method for mining, the ninth category adopts the ninth mining method for mining; wherein, the first mining method includes the scraper self-sloping type 110 method or N00 method, the second mining method includes the caving self-sloping type sublevel mining method, the third mining method includes the caving self-sloping type sublevel mining method, the fourth mining method includes the scraper self-sloping type layer 110 method or N00 method, the fifth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the sixth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the seventh mining method includes the scraper self-sloping type layer 110 method or N00 method, the eighth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, and the ninth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method;

[0046] Step S300, obtaining the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam, and determining the category of the inclined coal seam according to the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the preset determination method of the inclined coal seam category;

[0047] Step S400, using the determined category and the preset different categories of inclined coal seam mining methods to determine the corresponding mining method for mining.

[0048] The mining method of the inclined coal seam provided by the present disclosure is aimed at the complex geological conditions of the inclined coal seam, and the combinations of thickness and inclination ratio are different. Nine categories of classification are divided, with thickness three intervals (<20m, 20-50m, >50m) combined with inclination ratio three intervals (1-2, 2-3, >3) as dimensions, to achieve fine division of the coal seam; the stress field, gas migration channel, and surrounding rock stability of different categories of coal seams are significantly different, such as the first category (<20m thick, 1-2 inclination ratio) coal seam, which is small in thickness and relatively gentle in inclination, and the roof pressure distribution is more uniform during mining; while the ninth category (>50m thick, >3 inclination ratio) coal seam is thick and has a large inclination, and mining faces high stress concentration and high risk of coal wall spalling. The classification system accurately distinguishes these differences and provides geological reference for subsequent mining method adaptation, solving the problem that traditional mining is difficult to adapt to complex geological conditions. After classification, the mining method is pre-set according to the category, such as the first category matching the scraper self-sliding 110 working method, to realize the deep adaptation of the mining method to the geological conditions and break through the bottleneck of low mechanization and poor efficiency of traditional methods. At the same time, the process of "data acquisition-category determination-method matching" lays the foundation for intelligent mining decision-making, enabling the mine to quickly select and optimize the mining scheme according to accurate geological data, improving the resource recovery rate, making up for the deficiency of 55%-65% recovery rate of traditional methods, reducing the risk of gas overrun and mining cost, promoting the transformation of inclined coal seam mining to a safe, efficient, and green modern mode, adapting to the diversified needs of new mine geology, and releasing the development potential of high-quality coking coal and anthracite resources.

[0049] Specifically, referring to Table 1, the determination method of the inclined coal seam category includes:

[0050] When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is less than 20 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the first category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the second category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the third category;

[0051] When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the fourth category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the fifth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the sixth category;

[0052] When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50 meters, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, it belongs to the seventh category, the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, it belongs to the eighth category, and the inclination ratio is greater than 3, it belongs to the ninth category.

[0053] Table 1:

[0054]

[0055] The inclination ratio is a ratio of the coal seam inclination angle a to the friction angle f. When the inclination angle of the inclined surface on which the coal body is located is the friction angle f, the coal body starts to self-slide from the inclined surface.

[0056] The nine coal seam types are respectively corresponding to the mining methods. The first category is mined by the first mining method, the second category is mined by the second mining method, the third category is mined by the third mining method, the fourth category is mined by the fourth mining method, the fifth category is mined by the fifth mining method, the sixth category is mined by the sixth mining method, the seventh category is mined by the seventh mining method, the eighth category is mined by the eighth mining method, and the ninth category is mined by the ninth mining method.

[0057] Specifically, the first mining method includes the scraper self-sliding type 110 method or the N00 method, the second mining method includes the caving self-sliding type sublevel mining method, the third mining method includes the caving self-sliding type sublevel mining method, the fourth mining method includes the scraper self-sliding type layer-by-layer 110 method or the N00 method, the fifth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the sixth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, the seventh mining method includes the scraper self-sliding type layer-by-layer 110 method or the N00 method, the eighth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method, and the ninth mining method includes the chute type sublevel N00 method.

[0058] The 110 / N00 mining method is an innovative method proposed by Academician He Manchao of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The method uses active roof cutting to expand the caving height of the goaf, uses the self-crushing and swelling characteristics of the caving rock mass to fill the goaf, reduces the movement space of the overlying rock mass, and uses the caving rock mass and the mine pressure to automatically form a roadway, thereby canceling the need for a coal pillar, achieving rock balance control during mining, and forming a new balanced mining mode that saves resources and protects the environment. The 110 mining method refers to mining one working face per cycle, requiring only one advance tunneling roadway, and another roadway left after the previous working face is mined, without the need for a section coal pillar between the two working faces, i.e., zero section coal pillars. The N00 mining method further unifies the mining and tunneling processes, eliminating the need for a tunneling roadway, allowing for the mining of N working faces, and requiring zero tunneling and zero coal pillars. The 110 / N00 mining method has four overall goals: "holding, cutting, lowering, and protecting". "Holding" refers to the need for a constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable to transfer the gravity load of the immediate roof within the roadway cutting range to the upper basic roof. "Cutting" refers to the use of directional roof cutting technology to separate the roadway roof and the goaf roof, cutting off the stress transmission between them. "Lowering" refers to the use of a structural support in the roadway to support the roof and cut off the goaf roof. "Protecting" refers to the need for lateral support to resist the caving of the goaf.

[0059] The fifth mining method and the sixth mining method can be the same. For example, the fifth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a strike working face, and the sixth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a strike working face.

[0060] The eighth mining method and the ninth mining method can be the same. For example, the eighth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a dip working face, and the ninth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a dip working face.

[0061] For inclined coal seams with a thickness less than 20 meters and an inclination ratio greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, a scraper self-chute type 110 method or N00 method can be used for coal mining.

[0062] For example, the first mining method is a chute-type segmented 110 method for a strike working face, the second mining method is a chute-type segmented 110 method for a strike working face, the third mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a strike working face, the fourth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a strike working face, the fifth mining method is a chute-type segmented 110 method for a strike working face, the sixth mining method is a chute-type segmented 110 method for a strike working face, the seventh mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a strike working face, the eighth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a strike working face, the ninth mining method is a chute-type segmented 110 method for a dip working face, the tenth mining method is a chute-type segmented 110 method for a dip working face, the eleventh mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a dip working face, and the twelfth mining method is a chute-type segmented N00 method for a dip working face. Figure 2As shown, the scraper self-rolling 110 method comprises: arranging an inclined longwall mining face 11, a transportation crossheading 12, a rail crossheading 13, a first rail downhole 14, a first transportation downhole 15, a first main shaft 16 and a first auxiliary shaft 17, and the rail crossheading 13 and the transportation crossheading 12 are formed on both sides of the inclined longwall mining face 11 respectively; the first rail downhole 14 and the first transportation downhole 15 are communicated with the rail crossheading 13 and the transportation crossheading 12 respectively and are located on the side away from the inclined longwall mining face 11, and the bottoms of the first rail downhole 14 and the first transportation downhole 15 are communicated with the first main shaft 16 and the first auxiliary shaft 17; when the coal mining machine mines in the inclined longwall mining face 11, it cuts coal downward and cuts empty upward; in the process of mining, the coal falling from the working face is automatically rolled along the scraper machine by using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks, and then is located in the transportation crossheading 12, then is transported horizontally along the transportation crossheading 12, then enters the first transportation downhole 15, and finally is discharged from the first main shaft 16.

[0063] The scraper self-rolling N00 method comprises: arranging an inclined longwall mining face, a transportation crossheading, a rail crossheading, a first rail downhole, a first transportation downhole, a first main shaft and a first auxiliary shaft, and the rail crossheading and the transportation crossheading are located on both sides of the inclined longwall mining face; the first rail downhole is communicated with the rail crossheading and the transportation crossheading and is located on the side away from the inclined longwall mining face, and the bottom of the first rail downhole is communicated with the first main shaft and the first auxiliary shaft; when the coal mining machine mines in the inclined longwall mining face, it cuts coal downward and cuts empty upward; in the process of mining, the coal falling from the working face is automatically rolled along the scraper machine by using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal blocks, and then is located in the first transportation downhole, enters the transportation crossheading after reaching the bottom of the first transportation downhole, then is transported horizontally along the transportation crossheading, and finally is discharged from the first main shaft. When one inclined longwall mining face completes mining and the next inclined longwall mining face needs to be mined, the N00 method forms the rail crossheading of the next inclined longwall mining face in the process of mining.

[0064] Through the layout of the inclined longwall working face + the transportation crossheading and the rail crossheading + the first rail downhole and the first transportation downhole + the first main shaft and the first auxiliary shaft, the production space is standardized, the operation interference is avoided, and the basis for mechanized mining is provided; the coal cutting mode of the coal mining machine cutting coal downward and cutting empty upward, the gravity-assisted efficiency improvement and cost reduction, the optimization of the equipment operation logic, and the great improvement of the coal cutting efficiency compared with the traditional method; the automatic rolling and transportation of the coal seam inclination + the special scraper machine, the continuous automatic coal transportation from the working face to the main shaft, and the reduction of the manual intervention and the safety hazards; the three are coordinated to improve the mining efficiency and improve the safety environment, effectively solve the pain points of the traditional inclined coal seam mining, such as the difficulty in mechanization, the low efficiency and the poor safety, and provide a reliable technical path for the efficient mining of the thin and medium-thick inclined coal seam.

[0065] For inclined coal seams with a thickness of 20 meters or more and less than or equal to 50 meters, and a dip ratio of 1 or more and less than or equal to 2, the scraper-driven self-flowing stratified mining method 110 or the N00 method can be used. The scraper-driven self-flowing stratified mining method 110 or the N00 method follows the aforementioned scraper-driven self-flowing 110 method or N00 method, stratifying the thick coal seam in the thickness direction and mining each stratum.

[0066] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, the scraper self-propelled layered mining method 110 includes: arranging an upper layered coal mining face 311, a lower layered coal mining face 312, an upper layered track roadway 321, a lower layered track roadway 322, an upper layered transport roadway 331, a lower layered transport roadway 332, a second track downhill 34, a second transport downhill 35, a third main shaft 36, and a third auxiliary shaft 37; the second track downhill 34 and the second transport downhill 35 are respectively connected to the upper layered track roadway 321, the lower layered track roadway 322, the upper layered transport roadway 331, and the lower layered transport roadway 332, and are located far from... One side of the upper-layer coal mining face 311 and the lower-layer coal mining face 312, the bottom of the second track downhill 34 and the second transport downhill 35 are connected to the third main shaft 36 and the third auxiliary shaft 37. When mining coal at the working face, the coal cutting machine moves downwards to cut coal and upwards to remove the cutting machine. During mining, the coal face is automatically conveyed along the scraper conveyor by the dip angle of the coal seam and the weight of the coal blocks. After being conveyed by the scraper conveyor, the coal is transported laterally along the transport roadway, then enters the second transport downhill, and finally exits from the third main shaft at the bottom of the second transport downhill. Two or three layers of inclined longwall working faces are arranged according to the thickness of the coal seam, and layered mining is carried out from top to bottom. After the upper coal seam is mined, the lower coal seam is mined, and the mining methods for the upper and lower coal seams are the same.

[0067] The scraper self-rolling N00 method comprises: an upper sublevel coal mining face, a lower sublevel coal mining face, an upper sublevel track crossheading, a lower sublevel track crossheading, an upper sublevel transportation crossheading, a lower sublevel transportation crossheading, a second track downhole, a second transportation downhole, a third main shaft and a third auxiliary shaft. The upper sublevel track crossheading and the upper sublevel transportation crossheading are located on both sides of the plurality of upper sublevel coal mining faces, and the lower sublevel track crossheading and the lower sublevel transportation crossheading are located on both sides of the plurality of lower sublevel coal mining faces. The second track downhole and the second transportation downhole are in communication with the upper sublevel track crossheading, the lower sublevel track crossheading, the upper sublevel transportation crossheading and the lower sublevel transportation crossheading, and are located on a side away from the upper sublevel coal mining face and the lower sublevel coal mining face. The bottom of the second track downhole and the second transportation downhole is in communication with the third main shaft and the third auxiliary shaft. When the coal mining machine mines the inclined longwall coal mining face, the coal is cut downward and the coal is cut upward. In the mining process, the coal falling from the working face is automatically rolled along the scraper machine by using the coal seam inclination and the gravity of the coal. After the coal is automatically rolled along the scraper machine, the coal is located in the second transportation downhole. After reaching the bottom of the second transportation downhole, the coal is transported in the transportation crossheading. Then, the coal is transported horizontally along the transportation crossheading. Finally, the coal is discharged from the third main shaft. When one inclined longwall coal mining face is completed and the next inclined longwall coal mining face needs to be mined, the N00 method forms the track crossheading of the next inclined longwall coal mining face in the mining process.

[0068] The upper sublevel coal mining face and the lower sublevel coal mining face are arranged in layers, and the thick coal seam is divided into thin layers by mining from top to bottom. The stress release law is used to ensure the stability of the working face and reduce the mining difficulty. The coal mining machine cuts coal downward and cuts coal upward, which is adapted to the layering. The gravity is used to improve the efficiency, the uniform cutting resistance is used to ensure the stability of the equipment, and the special scraper machine automatically rolls the coal to realize continuous layering and coal transportation. The layering arrangement and mechanized operation greatly improve the mining efficiency, reduce the surrounding rock pressure and safety risk of manual operation, and improve the resource recovery rate. The precise layering and smooth transportation provide a customized solution for safe and efficient mining of 20-50-meter-thick inclined coal seams, which is beneficial to the development of high-quality thick coal resources.

[0069] For the inclined coal seam with a thickness less than 20 meters and an inclination ratio greater than 2, the caving self-rolling sublevel mining method can be used.

[0070] As Figure 4As shown, the caving self-rolling type sublevel mining method includes: layering the coal seam in the height direction to form a second main shaft 21 and a second auxiliary shaft 22 connected to the individual layer coal seam, setting a blasting line 23 and a coal conveying roadway 24 in each coal seam, using two-dimensional blasting technology for sublevel caving mining, and the caved coal bodies are self-rolled to the bottom roadway under the action of gravity and are concentratedly transported out. In detail, the upper coal seam is first blasted through the set blasting line 23, and after blasting, the coal bodies enter the coal conveying roadway 24, then enter the self-rolling roadway through the coal conveying roadway 24, pass through the self-rolling roadway to the second main shaft 21 or the second auxiliary shaft 22, or directly enter the second main shaft 21 or the second auxiliary shaft 22 from the coal conveying roadway 24, and finally the coal is discharged from the second main shaft 21 or the second auxiliary shaft 22. After the blasting and collection of the current coal seam are completed, the next coal seam is also blasted for mining. When blasting the next coal seam, the blasting line 23 of the lower coal seam can be set in a staggered manner with the blasting line 23 of the upper coal seam, so that two-dimensional blasting sublevel caving mining can be realized, and the effect of blasting mining is improved. The direction of the staggered setting can be the extension direction of the coal conveying roadway 24.

[0071] By combining the constructive two-dimensional blasting with the self-rolling transportation innovation, the caving mining process of the inclined coal seam is remodeled. The constructive two-dimensional blasting technology breaks through the traditional blasting precision limitations, accurately controls the caving range and the coal block fragmentation degree, reduces the surrounding rock damage and coal residue, and adapts to the occurrence characteristics of the inclined coal seam; the gravity self-rolling + bottom roadway concentrated transportation mode saves complex power equipment, reduces the cost and improves the efficiency, and adapts to the coal seam inclination angle, avoiding the blockage and safety problems of traditional transportation. Precise blasting + orderly self-rolling improves the resource recovery rate and reduces the equipment and roadway maintenance cost, compared with the pseudo-inclined flexible metal shield support method, it not only relieves the labor intensity and improves the working conditions, but also improves the economic feasibility, providing an efficient, economic and safe technical solution for caving mining of inclined coal seams.

[0072] For inclined coal seams with a thickness greater than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters, and an inclination ratio greater than 2, the caving shaft type sublevel N00 method can be used.

[0073] As Figure 5As shown, the sectioning N00 mining method of the slope-in working face includes: sectioning mining in the height direction of the coal seam, forming a goaf after mining the coal body in the upper layer, and then mining the coal seam in the lower layer; during the mining process, a plurality of first lower sectioning coal mining faces 41, first upper sectioning goafs 42, first N00 self-forming gateways 43, first coal sliding channels 44, fourth main shafts 45 and fourth auxiliary shafts 46 are arranged along the strike of the coal seam; the plurality of first lower sectioning coal mining faces 41 are arranged in sequence from left to right, and then the plurality of working faces are mined in sequence from left to right, each working face adopts the N00 method, and after the working face is mined, the coal blocks are transported to the first coal sliding channel 44 by belt transportation, and then the coal is discharged from the fourth main shaft 45. When a first lower sectioning coal mining face 41 is completed, the next first lower sectioning coal mining face 41 needs to be mined, and the N00 method forms a first N00 self-forming gateway 43 during the mining process, which can be used as a track crossheading of the next first lower sectioning coal mining face 41.

[0074] By the layout of the lower sectioning working face + upper sectioning goaf + N00 self-forming gateway + coal sliding channel + main and auxiliary shafts, the stress environment of the goaf is utilized, the N00 self-forming gateway technology is relied on, the amount of roadway excavation and maintenance cost are reduced, and the production space structure is optimized; the sectioning along the strike and mining from left to right + fully mechanized caving technology adapt to the extension characteristics of the coal seam strike, realize continuous and large-scale mining, and improve the working face advancing efficiency and coal recovery rate. The cooperation of the belt transportation and the coal sliding channel ensures smooth coal flow, reduces the loss and safety hazards in the transportation link.

[0075] For the inclined coal seam with a thickness greater than 50 meters and an inclination ratio greater than 2, the sectioning N00 mining method of the slope-in working face can be used.

[0076] As shown in Figure 6 The sectioning N00 mining method of the slope-in working face includes: sectioning mining in the height direction of the coal seam, sectioning mining of the coal body from top to bottom, forming a goaf after mining the coal body in the upper layer, and then mining the coal seam in the lower layer, each section adopting the N00 method; a second lower sectioning coal mining face 51, a second upper sectioning goaf 52, a second N00 self-forming gateway 53, a second coal sliding channel 54, a fifth main shaft 55 and a fifth auxiliary shaft 56 are arranged; when one layer is mined by the N00 method, it is continuously mined from left to right; since the N00 method will form a second N00 self-forming gateway 53 during the mining process, the second N00 self-forming gateway 53 can be used as a transportation crossheading, and there is no need to excavate the transportation crossheading in advance; then the coal is transported by the second coal sliding channel 54, the coal blocks are caused to slide into the second coal sliding channel 54 by the inclination of the coal seam and the gravity of the coal blocks, and then the coal is transported to the fifth main shaft 55 by belt transportation.

[0077] Through the space structure of lower sublevel working face + upper sublevel goaf + N00 working method self-lane + coal sliding channel + main and auxiliary shaft, relying on the stress environment of goaf and N00 working method self-lane, the amount of roadway excavation in thick coal seam mining is reduced, and the production space is optimized; along the tendency, the mining from top to bottom + fully mechanized caving technology is adopted, which is suitable for the characteristics of thick coal seam extension along the tendency, and the gravity is used to assist the working face advancing and coal block transportation, so as to improve the mining efficiency and resource recovery. The coal sliding channel + belt transport coal flow process realizes the self-sliding of coal block into the channel according to the coal seam inclination, and then the belt relay to the main shaft, which reduces the power consumption and transportation loss, solves the problems of high cost, low efficiency and poor safety in thick coal seam mining, promotes the development of thick layer inclined coal seam mining to high efficiency, green and intelligent, and releases the value of thick layer high-quality coal resources.

[0078] It should be noted that although the steps of the method in the present disclosure are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the steps must be performed in this specific order, or that all the steps shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. In addition or alternatively, some steps can be omitted, a plurality of steps can be combined into one step, and / or one step can be divided into a plurality of steps, etc.

[0079] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the concepts disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptive changes of the present disclosure following the general principles of the present disclosure and including common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the art not disclosed in the present disclosure. The specification and examples are only regarded as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of mining a sloping coal seam, characterised by, The application relates to a method for determining the category of a preset inclined coal seam, a method for mining the preset inclined coal seam of different categories, and a method for mining the target coal seam. When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is less than 20m, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the inclined coal seam belongs to the first category; when the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the inclined coal seam belongs to the second category; and when the inclination ratio is greater than 3, the inclined coal seam belongs to the third category. When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than or equal to 20m and less than or equal to 50m, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the inclined coal seam belongs to the fourth category; when the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the inclined coal seam belongs to the fifth category; and when the inclination ratio is greater than 3, the inclined coal seam belongs to the sixth category. When the thickness of the inclined coal seam is greater than 50m, the inclination ratio is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the inclined coal seam belongs to the seventh category; when the inclination ratio is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the inclined coal seam belongs to the eighth category; and when the inclination ratio is greater than 3, the inclined coal seam belongs to the ninth category. The inclination ratio is the ratio of the coal seam inclination angle to the friction angle, and when the inclination angle of the inclined surface where the coal body is located is the friction angle, the coal body starts to slide from the inclined surface. The first category uses the first mining method for mining, the second category uses the second mining method for mining, the third category uses the third mining method for mining, the fourth category uses the fourth mining method for mining, the fifth category uses the fifth mining method for mining, the sixth category uses the sixth mining method for mining, the seventh category uses the seventh mining method for mining, the eighth category uses the eighth mining method for mining, and the ninth category uses the ninth mining method for mining.

2. The method of recovery according to claim 1, wherein, The first mining method comprises a scraper self-sliding type 110 working method or an N00 working method, the second mining method comprises a caving self-sliding type sublevel mining method, the third mining method comprises a caving self-sliding type sublevel mining method, the fourth mining method comprises a scraper self-sliding type layer-by-layer 110 working method or an N00 working method, the fifth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 working method, the sixth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 working method, the seventh mining method comprises a scraper self-sliding type layer-by-layer 110 working method or an N00 working method, the eighth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 working method, and the ninth mining method comprises a chute type sublevel N00 working method.

3. The method of recovery according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam are obtained, the category of the inclined coal seam is determined according to the thickness data and the inclination ratio data of the target coal seam and the preset method for determining the category of the inclined coal seam. The corresponding mining method is determined for mining according to the determined category and the preset mining method of the inclined coal seam of different categories. The scraper self-sliding type 110 working method or the N00 working method comprises the following steps: forming a coal mining working face, a transportation crossheading, a track crossheading, a first track downhole, a first transportation downhole, a first main shaft and a first auxiliary shaft, arranging an inclined longwall working face, making a coal cutter descend to cut coal, making the coal cutter ascend to empty the coal, using the coal seam inclination angle and the gravity of the coal blocks, making the coal in the working face slide along the special scraper machine, making the coal enter the transportation downhole along the transportation crossheading, and finally making the coal out of the first main shaft.

4. The method of recovery according to claim 1, wherein, The scraper self-rolling layer 110 method or N00 method comprises: forming an upper layer coal mining face, a lower layer coal mining face, an upper layer transportation crossheading, a lower layer transportation crossheading, an upper layer rail crossheading, a second rail downhole, a second transportation downhole, a third main shaft and a third auxiliary shaft; arranging two or three layers of inclined longwall faces, performing top-down layer mining, a coal cutter descending to cut coal and ascending to empty, using a coal seam inclination and a coal block self-gravity, the working face falling coal along a special scraper to automatically roll coal, entering a transportation downhole along a transportation crossheading, and finally discharging coal from the third main shaft.

5. The method of recovery according to claim 1, wherein, The fifth mining method is the same as the sixth mining method.

6. The method of recovery according to claim 5, wherein, The fifth mining method and the sixth mining method are both a rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a strike working face.

7. The method of recovery according to claim 6, wherein, The rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of the strike working face comprises: forming a first lower segmented coal mining face, a first upper segmented goaf, a first N00 method self-lane, a first coal rolling channel, a fourth main shaft and a fourth auxiliary shaft; arranging a longwall face along a coal seam strike and dividing into multiple segments, mining from left to right, each segment using a N00 method fully mechanized caving technology, after the working face mined coal blocks, using a belt transport to transport to the first coal rolling channel, and then discharging coal from the fourth main shaft.

8. The method of recovery according to claim 1, wherein, The eighth mining method is the same as the ninth mining method.

9. The method of recovery according to claim 8, wherein, The eighth mining method and the ninth mining method are both a rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of a dip working face.

10. The method of recovery according to claim 9, wherein, The rolling shaft type segmented N00 method of the dip working face comprises: forming a second lower segmented coal mining face, a second upper segmented goaf, a second N00 method self-lane, a second coal rolling channel, a fifth main shaft and a fifth auxiliary shaft; arranging a longwall face along a coal seam dip and dividing into multiple segments, mining from top to bottom, each segment using a N00 method fully mechanized caving technology, using the second coal rolling channel to transport coal, using a coal seam inclination and a coal block self-gravity to make the coal block slide to the second coal rolling channel, and then using a belt transport to the fifth main shaft to discharge coal.

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