System and method for detecting welds between vacuum chamber shell and support column of fusion reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column weld seam detection system and detection method, belong to the technical field of weld seam detection. Wherein, the cross section of weld seam is annular, and the eccentric inner hole is formed in support column. Detection system includes installation assembly, first ultrasonic detection device, second ultrasonic detection device and ray detection device, and installation assembly includes first moving unit, second moving unit, third moving unit and fourth moving unit;First ultrasonic detection device is selectively arranged in first moving unit or second moving unit, for ultrasonic ring scanning detection to weld seam;Ray detection device is arranged in third moving unit, for radiographic detection to weld seam;Second ultrasonic detection device is arranged in fourth moving unit, for ultrasonic ring scanning detection to weld seam.The application combines digital ray detection technology and array ultrasonic detection technology, can realize 100% full coverage detection of weld seam, and obtains the detection result of weld seam defect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of weld detection, and in particular to a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column weld detection system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] During the production and manufacturing process of the vacuum chamber of a nuclear fusion reactor device mainframe, the welds of the flexible support column and the inner shell need to be strictly non-destructively detected to ensure that the vacuum chamber can achieve long-term safe and reliable stable operation. The welding structure of the shell 11 and the support column 12 is as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The weld 14 of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell 11 and the support column 12 is a complex special-shaped weld.

[0003] In related technologies, common detection methods for weld detection include film radiographic detection, digital radiographic detection, and phased array ultrasonic detection. Among them, the film radiographic detection technology is mostly used for detecting flat butt welds or pipe-to-pipe girth welds with uniform thickness. If used for the structural weld 14 of the shell 11 and the support column 12, due to the interference of the space structure, the radiograph can only be emitted from one side of the weld 14, and the film 100 is arranged on the other side of the weld 14. The arrangement of the film 100 is as shown in Figure 3 Due to the rectangular shape of the standard film dark bag, there is a gap between the shape of the weld and the edge of the dark bag. When the dark bag is tightly attached to the edge of the support column, the film inside the dark bag cannot be tightly attached to the support column, that is, the weld 14 itself is extremely easy to appear outside the imaging area of the film, and there is a possibility of missed detection. Moreover, a flexible support column requires the arrangement of multiple films, which is low in detection efficiency and high in detection cost.

[0004] When the digital radiographic detection technology is used to detect the structural weld 14 of the support column, the heat-affected zone inside the weld 14 cannot be effectively detected due to the influence of the support column 12 body structure.

[0005] When the phased array ultrasonic detection technology is used to detect the structural weld 14 of the support column 12, since the fusion reactor vacuum chamber adopts 316L austenitic stainless steel material and the welding method is argon arc welding, the weld structure is coarse columnar crystal, and the columnar crystal is anisotropic. When ultrasonic waves propagate in the coarse crystal anisotropic weld, they are easily scattered and attenuated, resulting in low energy amplitude of the echo signal received by the probe, and the defect signal is easily mixed with the noise signal and difficult to distinguish. In addition, the attenuation of ultrasonic waves in the coarse crystal anisotropic weld is related to the frequency and propagation distance of the sound waves. The thicker the weld, the greater the ultrasonic attenuation. In the detection of the weld 14, small pore defects and strip slag defects are prone to detection insensitivity and missed detection. In addition, in the argon arc welding technology of austenitic stainless steel thick plate, the "tungsten clamping" defect is prone to occur. Since the acoustic impedance of tungsten is much greater than that of steel, the reflectivity of sound waves is low and the transmissivity is high at the joint surface of tungsten and steel. When ultrasonic waves encounter the "tungsten clamping" defect, they are easily transmitted directly through the defect without being reflected back to be received by the probe. Therefore, the phased array ultrasonic detection cannot effectively detect the tungsten clamping defect in argon arc welding. At the same time, the inside of the weld 14 is blocked by the structure of the support column 12, and there is not enough ultrasonic scanning space. The standard double-sided and double-lateral scanning method cannot be directly applied. It is impossible to achieve 100% sound field full coverage in all directions in the limited scanning space, and there is a possibility of missed detection for defects with special angle orientation.

[0006] Due to the special nature of the vacuum chamber space structure and the complexity of the weld 14, the existing ultrasonic and radiographic detection technologies cannot completely cover the detection area, and there are detection blind areas, which are prone to missed detection. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column weld detection system and method, which aims to solve the problem of difficult detection and easy missed detection of fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column weld.

[0008] The application provides a detection system for a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and a support column weld joint, the support column penetrates through the shell and is connected to the shell by welding, the weld joint has a ring-shaped cross section, the support column is formed with an eccentric inner hole extending in an axial direction, and the detection system comprises a mounting assembly, a first ultrasonic detection device, a second ultrasonic detection device and a ray detection device, the mounting assembly comprises a first moving unit, a second moving unit, a third moving unit and a fourth moving unit; at least part of the first moving unit, the second moving unit and the third moving unit are arranged on the outer periphery of the support column and are adapted to rotate around the support column; the first moving unit and the second moving unit are arranged on the two sides of the shell respectively; at least part of the fourth moving unit is arranged in the eccentric inner hole and is diametrically opposite to the weld joint, and the fourth moving unit is adapted to rotate around the center line of the eccentric inner hole; the first ultrasonic detection device is selectively arranged on the first moving unit or the second moving unit and is used for ultrasonic ring scanning detection of the weld joint; the ray detection device comprises a ray emitter and a detector, the ray emitter is arranged on the third moving unit and is used for emitting rays to the weld joint for radiographic detection, and the detector is arranged on one end of the support column and is adapted to receive the radiographic imaging of the rays; and the second ultrasonic detection device is arranged on the fourth moving unit and is used for full-focus ultrasonic ring scanning detection of the weld joint.

[0009] According to the detection system, the digital ray detection technology and the array ultrasonic detection technology are combined, the detection devices are arranged, the weld joint to-be-detected area is detected at different angles, the detection result of the weld joint defect is obtained, 100% detection of the complex weld joint of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and the support column can be realized, all areas can be effectively covered, the detection limit of the weld joint is broken through, and the reliability of the nondestructive detection of the complex special-shaped weld joint of the vacuum chamber is improved. Meanwhile, the detection system is integrated by the mounting assembly, the detection efficiency can be greatly improved, and the detection accuracy is improved.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the application, at least part of the third moving unit is adapted to move along the axial direction of the support column, so as to adjust the axial spacing between the ray detection device and the weld joint.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the application, the detection system further comprises a control unit, the control unit is in communication connection with the mounting assembly, the first ultrasonic detection device, the second ultrasonic detection device and the ray detection device, so as to automatically control the ultrasonic detection process and the ray detection process, and obtain the detection result in real time.

[0012] The application further provides a detection method for a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and a support column weld joint, and the detection method comprises the following steps:

[0013] The fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and the support column weld joint are divided into a plurality of detection areas according to the extension direction and the depth direction;

[0014] The ultrasonic ring scanning detection is performed on the weld on both sides of the depth direction along the extension direction to obtain a first detection result and a second detection result;

[0015] The full-focus ultrasonic ring scanning detection is performed on the weld on the inner side of the weld along the extension direction to obtain a third detection result;

[0016] The radiographic detection is performed on the weld on one side of the depth direction to obtain a fourth detection result;

[0017] Based on the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result, a detection integration result of each detection area is obtained, and a final detection result of the weld is generated according to the detection integration result of each detection area.

[0018] According to the detection method, the ultrasonic detection and the radiographic detection are combined, the comprehensive detection of the weld of the vacuum chamber shell and the support column of the fusion reactor can be realized, 100% coverage is realized, and the complete detection result of the weld defect is obtained.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, after being divided into multiple detection areas, the detection method further comprises:

[0020] At least one of at least one detection parameter of the ultrasonic ring scanning detection and at least one detection parameter of the radiographic detection of each detection area is matched.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the process of performing the ultrasonic ring scanning detection on the weld on both sides of the depth direction along the extension direction, the fan scanning detection is performed on the weld along the depth direction of the weld by using a preset scanning angle at any detection position.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the process of performing the full-focus ultrasonic ring scanning detection on the weld on the inner side of the weld along the extension direction, the emission direction of the ultrasonic is controlled to be perpendicular to the depth direction of the weld.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, the radiographic detection is performed on the weld to obtain the fourth detection result, comprising: selecting a plurality of detection points around the weld; performing the radiographic detection on the weld at each detection point; integrating the detection result of each detection point to obtain the fourth detection result.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present application, the plurality of detection points around the weld are selected, comprising: determining the relative position of each detection point according to a preset interval angle; and selecting the plurality of detection points based on the relative position of each detection point.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present application, based on the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result, a detection integration result of each detection area is obtained, and a final detection result of the weld is generated according to the detection integration result of each detection area, including:

[0026] A space coordinate system is established based on the geometric model of the weld;

[0027] Feature registration is performed on the space coordinate system according to the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result, so as to match the same defect information in the associated first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result;

[0028] Different defect information in the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result is obtained;

[0029] The same defect information and the different defect information are combined to obtain complete defect information of the weld, so as to generate the final detection result.

[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter in the description of embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description of embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic view of a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column welding structure;

[0033] Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column welding structure;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic view of a film detection device placement when detecting a weld using existing film radiographic detection technology;

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic view of a weld detected using radiographic detection according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 is a schematic view of ultrasonic detection according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic view of radiographic detection according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Figure 7 is a schematic view of a radiographic detector mounting assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Figure 8 is a structural diagram of a detector mounting assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0040] Figure 9 is an assembly diagram of a first ultrasonic testing device and a welded structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0041] Figure 10 is a structural diagram of a first mounting assembly of a first ultrasonic testing device according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0042] Figure 11 is a structural diagram of a second mounting assembly of a first ultrasonic testing device according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0043] Figure 12 is an assembly diagram of a second ultrasonic testing device and a welded structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0044] Figure 13 is a structural diagram of a second ultrasonic testing device mounting assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0045] Figure 14 is a diagram of partitioning of a weld along a depth direction according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0046] Figure 15 is a diagram of partitioning of a weld along an extension direction according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0047] Figure 16 is a planar diagram of weld defects of a simulation test block;

[0048] Figure 17 is a spatial distribution diagram of weld defects of a simulation test block;

[0049] Figure 18 is a diagram of ultrasonic testing results of defects of a simulation test block;

[0050] Figure 19 is a diagram of radiographic testing results of defects of a simulation test block.

[0051] Reference signs:

[0052] housing 11; support column 12; eccentric inner hole 13; weld 14; first heat affected zone 15; second heat affected zone 16;

[0053] first fixing assembly 21; second fixing assembly 22; third moving unit 23;

[0054] ray emitter 31; detector 32; ray emitting hole 311;

[0055] Third fixing assembly 41; first moving unit 42;

[0056] Fourth fixing assembly 51; second moving unit 52; gear set 53;

[0057] First ultrasonic detection device 60;

[0058] Fifth fixing assembly 71 and fourth moving unit 72;

[0059] Second ultrasonic detection device 80;

[0060] Film 100. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary, only for explaining the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0062] The following description refers to the accompanying drawings. Figure 4 - Figure 13 A detection system for a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and a support column weld is described according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] The present application proposes a detection system for a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and a support column weld, the support column 12 penetrates the shell 11 and is welded to the shell 11, the cross section of the weld 14 is annular, the support column 12 is formed with an eccentric inner hole 13 extending in the axial direction, the detection system comprises a mounting assembly, a first ultrasonic detection device 60, a second ultrasonic detection device 80 and a radiographic detection device, the mounting assembly comprises a first moving unit 42, a second moving unit 52, a third moving unit 23 and a fourth moving unit 72; at least part of the first moving unit 42, the second moving unit 52 and the third moving unit 23 are arranged on the outer periphery of the support column 12 and are adapted to rotate around the support column 12; and the first moving unit 42 and the second moving unit 52 are arranged on both sides of the shell 11 respectively; at least part of the fourth moving unit 72 is arranged in the eccentric inner hole 13 and is diametrically opposite to the weld 14, and the fourth moving unit 72 is adapted to rotate around the center line of the eccentric inner hole 13; the first ultrasonic detection device 60 is selectively arranged on the first moving unit 42 or the second moving unit 52, for ultrasonic ring scanning detection of the weld 14; the radiographic detection device comprises a ray emitter 31 and a detector 32, the ray emitter 31 is arranged on the third moving unit 23, for emitting rays to the weld for transmission detection, and the detector 32 is arranged on one end of the support column 12, for being adapted to receive the transmission imaging of the rays; the second ultrasonic detection device 80 is arranged on the fourth moving unit 72, for full focus ultrasonic ring scanning detection of the weld 14.

[0064] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 1 , 2 , the weld 14 of the shell 11 of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber and the support column 12 is a complex weld, and one end of the support column 12 is formed with an eccentric inner hole 13 extending in the axial direction. As shown in Figure 2 , the welded structure composed of the shell 11 and the support column 12 is detected, and the detection area includes the weld 14 and a first heat-affected zone 15 and a second heat-affected zone 16 each with a width of 10 mm on both sides of the weld 14. Due to the particularity and complexity of the welded structure and the limitation of the detection tooling, the first heat-affected zone 15 on the inner side of the weld 14 is prone to become a detection blind area, and missed detection is likely to occur, so that the detection requirement of 100% area cannot be achieved. In addition, the spacing between the end face of the support column 12 close to the weld 14 and the weld 14 is about 100 mm, so it is difficult to realize the setting of the ray receiving device close to the weld.

[0065] According to the detection system of the present application, when the first ultrasonic detection device 60 is arranged on the first moving unit 42, it can rotate around the support column 12 with the first moving unit 42, and ultrasonic ring scanning detection can be performed on the detection area on the P side of the shell 11; when the first ultrasonic detection device 60 is arranged on the second moving unit 52, it can rotate around the support column 12 with the second moving unit 52, and ultrasonic ring scanning detection can be performed on the detection area on the Q side of the shell 11. The ray emitter 31 and the detector 32 are arranged on both sides of the weld 14, the ray emitter 31 is arranged on the third moving unit 23, and the ray emitter 31 can emit rays to the detection area, and the defects of the weld 14 can be detected by using the ray transmission detection; the detector 32 is arranged on one end of the support column 12, and the detector 32 can receive the rays transmitted through the weld 14 to form an image; the ray detection device rotates around the support column 12 with the third moving unit 23, so that the ray emission point can be changed arbitrarily, and the detection blind area can be avoided; the second ultrasonic detection device 80 is arranged on the fourth moving unit 72, and the second ultrasonic detection device 80 can rotate around the center of the eccentric inner hole 13 on the O side inside the eccentric inner hole 13 to perform full-focus ultrasonic ring scanning detection on the detection area. As shown in Figure 4 , the first ultrasonic detection device 60 performs ultrasonic detection on the detection area on both P and Q sides, and especially the defects of the second heat-affected zone 16 and the weld 14 area can be detected; as shown in Figure 5 , the ray detection device performs transmission detection on the detection area, and especially the defects of the weld 14 area and the second heat-affected zone 16 can be detected; the second ultrasonic detection device 80 performs full-focus ultrasonic detection on the detection area on the O side, and especially the defects of the first heat-affected zone 15 can be detected. The combination of multiple detection devices can realize full coverage of the detection area; at the same time, the detection results of the multiple detection devices can be verified with each other, so that the accuracy of the detection results can be improved.

[0066] The detector 32 is arranged at one end of the support column 12 and is placed about 100 mm behind the weld, which can well adapt to the special connection structure of the support column 12 and the shell 11. It is verified through experiments that the arrangement of the detector 32 in the application can realize detection imaging, and the image quality of the detection result meets the detection requirement.

[0067] In addition, the existing ultrasonic scanning often adopts a fan scanning mode, and the fan scanning has problems such as insufficient large-angle sensitivity, missing detection of special orientation defects, and the like. Meanwhile, the fan scanning technology generally needs to set a focusing mode and a focusing depth when detecting a weld, and thus the detection object is generally a uniform-thickness weld detection area. However, in the connection structure of the vacuum chamber shell and the support column of the fusion reactor, the weld around the eccentric hole, i.e., the detection area on the O side, is a non-uniform-thickness weld. If the fan scanning technology is used for fixed-depth focusing detection, the energy will be focused at the set depth, and cannot be focused on the detection area of the weld at all times, and the detection effect at other depth positions is poor. Compared with the fan scanning mode, the second ultrasonic detection device 80 of the application performs full-focusing ultrasonic detection on the detection area on the O side, and the TFM full-focusing technology can avoid the problem of setting the focusing depth in the fan scanning, and realizes focusing at any point, so that the detection result is more accurate.

[0068] The detection system according to the application combines the ray transmission detection and the ultrasonic scanning detection mode, detects the detection area of the weld 14 at different angles through the arrangement of multiple detection devices, to obtain the detection result of the weld 14 defects, and can realize 100% detection of the complex weld 14 of the vacuum chamber shell 11 and the support column 12 of the fusion reactor, effectively covers all the detection areas, and breaks through the detection limit. Meanwhile, the detection system of the application integrates the design of each detection device through the installation assembly, which can greatly improve the detection efficiency and improve the accuracy of detection.

[0069] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 6-8 The first fixing assembly 21 is arranged at one end of the support column 12, and the second fixing assembly 22 is arranged at the outer periphery of the support column 12 and close to the other end. The first fixing assembly 21 and the second fixing assembly 22 are arranged at the two sides of the shell 11, respectively. The third moving unit 23 is rotatably connected with the second fixing assembly 22. The ray detection device includes a ray emitter 31 and a detector 32, as shown in Figure 6As shown, the ray emitter 31 is arranged on the third moving unit 23 and can rotate with the third moving unit 23 to adjust the ray emitting position; the ray emitter 31 is formed with a ray emitting hole 311; the ray emitter 31 emits rays which can pass through the to-be-inspected area of the weld 14; the detector 32 is arranged on the first fixed assembly 21 and can receive the rays passing through the to-be-inspected area of the weld 14 and convert them into images to obtain the defect information of the weld 14. The first fixed assembly 21 can be connected with the end of the support column 12 or can be connected with the eccentric inner hole 13 to realize the fixed installation of the detector 32.

[0070] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 9-11 As shown, the mounting assembly further comprises a second mounting assembly and a third mounting assembly. As shown in Figure 9 、 10 As shown, the second mounting assembly comprises a third fixed assembly 41 and a first moving unit 42, the third fixed assembly 41 is arranged on one end of the support column 12, and the first moving unit 42 is rotatably connected with the third fixed assembly 41; the first ultrasonic detection device 60 can be arranged on the first moving unit 42 to rotate with the first moving unit 42 to perform ring scanning detection on the weld 14. In some embodiments, the first moving unit 42 can be controlled to rotate through a handle. Figure 9 、 11 As shown, the third mounting assembly comprises a fourth fixed assembly 51 and a second moving unit 52, the fourth fixed assembly 51 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support column 12, the second moving unit 52 is connected with the fourth fixed assembly 51 through a gear set 53, the gear set 53 comprises a gear and a tooth portion located on the outer periphery of the fourth fixed assembly 51; the gear is arranged on the fourth fixed assembly through a connecting piece and is adapted to cooperate with the tooth portion to rotate relative to the fourth fixed assembly 51; the second moving unit 52 is arranged on the gear; the second moving unit 52 is driven to rotate relative to the fourth fixed assembly 51 when the gear set 53 operates; the gear set 53 can be driven by a motor; the first ultrasonic detection device 60 can be arranged on the second moving unit 52 to rotate with the second moving unit 52 to perform ring scanning detection on the weld 14.

[0071] In some embodiments, as shown in

[0072] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 12 、 13As shown, the mounting assembly further comprises a fourth mounting assembly, which comprises a fifth fixed assembly 71 arranged at one end of the support column 12 and around the eccentric inner hole 13, and a fourth moving unit 72 rotatably connected with the fifth fixed assembly 71 and partially extending into the eccentric inner hole 13. The second ultrasonic detection device 80 is arranged on the fourth moving unit 72 and radially opposite to the weld 14. When the fourth moving unit 72 rotates relative to the fifth fixed assembly 71, the second ultrasonic detection device 80 is driven to rotate to perform a circumferential scanning detection on the weld 14 inside. In some embodiments, the fourth moving unit 72 can be controlled to rotate by a handle.

[0073] According to some embodiments of the present application, at least part of the third moving unit 23 is adapted to move along the axial direction of the support column 12 to adjust the axial distance between the radiographic detection device and the weld 14. In this embodiment, the third moving unit 23 moves along the axial direction of the support column 12 to adjust the distance between the radiographic detection device and the weld 14 to meet the detection range and detection accuracy.

[0074] In the above embodiments, the first mounting assembly, the second mounting assembly, the third mounting assembly and the fourth mounting assembly can be independently mounted on the support column 12 to realize assembly; or they can be connected by a bracket or other connecting assembly to form an integral detection system, which is assembled and connected with the support column 12 to form an integrated detection system to efficiently operate each detection device to comprehensively detect defects of the weld 14.

[0075] In the above embodiments, the second mounting assembly and the third mounting assembly can be configured as a ring-shaped scanner provided with a wheel encoder, which is manually or automatically controlled to rotate to drive the first ultrasonic detection device 60 to scan one circle to complete 360° circumferential data acquisition. The first mounting assembly can be configured as an inner hole detection scanner provided with a wheel encoder, and the second ultrasonic detection device 80 is arranged on the inner hole detection scanner by a wedge, the curvature of the wedge being the same as that of the eccentric inner hole 13. The inner hole detection scanner is manually or automatically rotated to drive the second ultrasonic detection device 80 to scan one circle to complete 360° circumferential data acquisition.

[0076] According to some embodiments of the present application, the detection system further comprises a control unit, which is in communication connection with the mounting assembly, the first ultrasonic detection device 60, the second ultrasonic detection device 80 and the ray detection device, so as to be adapted to automatically control the ultrasonic detection process and the ray detection process, and to obtain the detection results in real time. In the present embodiment, the first moving unit 42, the second moving unit 52, the third moving unit 23 and the fourth moving unit 72 can be automatically controlled to move by the control unit, so as to drive the first ultrasonic detection device 60, the second ultrasonic detection device 80 and the ray detection device to move; meanwhile, the respective detection devices can be controlled to operate, and the corresponding detection results can be obtained. The respective detection devices of the present embodiment are integrated into a complete set of automatic acquisition system of the weld 14 defects by the control unit, which can not only ensure 100% coverage of the region to be detected, but also greatly improve the detection efficiency of the weld 14 of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber component manufacturing site. Further, the control unit can be connected with the mounting assembly, the first ultrasonic detection device 60, the second ultrasonic detection device 80 and the ray detection device through wired or wireless WIFI connection.

[0077] The present application further provides a detection method for the weld of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and the support column, which applies the above detection system, and comprises the following steps:

[0078] S1, the weld 14 of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell 11 and the support column 12 is divided into a plurality of detection regions according to the extension direction and the depth direction;

[0079] S2, ultrasonic ring scanning detection is performed on the weld 14 along the extension direction on both sides of the depth direction, so as to obtain the first detection result and the second detection result;

[0080] Full-focus ultrasonic ring scanning detection is performed on the weld 14 along the extension direction on the inner side of the weld 14, so as to obtain the third detection result;

[0081] Ray transmission detection is performed on the weld 14 on one side of the depth direction, so as to obtain the fourth detection result;

[0082] S3, the detection integration result of each detection region is obtained based on the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result, and the final detection result of the weld 14 is generated according to the detection integration result of each detection region.

[0083] According to the detection method of the present application, the ultrasonic detection and the ray detection can be combined, so as to realize comprehensive detection of the weld 14 of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell 11 and the support column 12, achieve 100% coverage, and obtain complete detection results of the weld 14 defects.

[0084] In step S1, as shown in Figure 14As shown, the to-be-inspected region of the weld 14 is divided into three detection regions I, II, and III in the depth direction; as shown Figure 15 As shown, the to-be-inspected region of the weld 14 is divided into four detection regions A, B, C, and D in the extension direction of the weld 14.

[0085] According to some embodiments of the present application, after being divided into multiple detection regions, the detection method further comprises: matching at least one of the at least one detection parameter of the ultrasonic ring scan detection and the at least one detection parameter of the ray penetration detection of each detection region. In this embodiment, due to the structural limitation of the support column 12, the structural thickness of the support column 12 body varies in different detection regions, and the detection difficulty of different detection regions also varies; by matching the detection parameters corresponding to each detection region, the detection process can be optimized, and the accuracy and sensitivity of the detection result can be improved.

[0086] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the process of performing ultrasonic ring scan detection on the weld 14 in the extension direction on both sides in the depth direction, it comprises: at any detection position, performing fan scan detection on the weld 14 in the depth direction of the weld 14 by using a preset scan angle. In this embodiment, performing fan scan detection on the weld 14 in the depth direction of the weld 14 can expand the coverage of ultrasonic detection, so that the ultrasonic detection covers the heat-affected zone on both sides of the weld 14, and avoids missing detection. Among them, as shown Figure 4 The scan angle of the fan scan detection is α, and 30°≤α≤65°.

[0087] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the process of performing full-focus ultrasonic ring scan detection on the weld 14 in the extension direction on the inner side of the weld 14, the emission direction of the ultrasonic is controlled to be perpendicular to the depth direction of the weld 14. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic emitted vertically along the radial direction of the weld 14 vertically penetrates the first heat-affected zone 15, i.e. penetrates the base material, and this process has almost no attenuation; at the same time, it almost does not penetrate the weld 14 with large attenuation; for the vertical groove un-melted defects that cannot be detected by ray detection and ultrasonic detection on both sides of the shell 11, the echo energy of such defects has almost no attenuation, and has good detection effect.

[0088] According to some embodiments of the present application, the radiographic detection is performed on the weld 14 to obtain a fourth detection result, including: selecting a plurality of detection points around the weld 14; performing radiographic detection on the weld 14 at each detection point; and integrating the detection results of each detection point to obtain the fourth detection result. Due to the structural limitations of the support column 12 body, the rays need to pass through the body of the support column 12 to achieve full coverage of the detection area of the weld 14, but the structure of the support column 12 is relatively thick, which causes the intensity of the rays to attenuate, affecting the penetration ability and imaging effect of the rays, and making it difficult to effectively detect all the detection areas. To this end, the present embodiment selects a plurality of detection points and performs radiographic detection at each detection point, and combines the detection results of each detection point to achieve 360° full-length coverage of the weld 14, effectively improving the sensitivity and reliability of the detection.

[0089] According to some embodiments of the present application, the plurality of detection points around the weld 14 are selected, including: determining the relative position of each detection point according to a preset interval angle; and selecting the plurality of detection points based on the relative position of each detection point. In the present embodiment, by determining the interval angle of the detection points, the relative position of the detection points can be determined, and the detection points can be selected accordingly, which can achieve control of the detection range of the rays and avoid problems such as missed detection or insufficient local detection accuracy. In some embodiments, the interval angle of the detection points is greater than or equal to 90°, i.e., at least four radiographic detection points are arranged along the outer periphery of the support column 12. In some embodiments, the detection points can be set to six, arranged at an interval of 60°, which improves the detection efficiency on the basis of ensuring the detection accuracy.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present application, based on the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result, the detection integration result of each detection area is obtained, and the final detection result of the weld 14 is generated according to the detection integration result of each detection area, including:

[0091] S3.1 establishing a spatial coordinate system based on the geometric model of the weld 14;

[0092] S3.2 performing feature registration on the spatial coordinate system according to the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result, to match the same defect information in the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result;

[0093] S3.3 obtaining different defect information that is complementary to each other in the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result;

[0094] S3.4 combining the same defect information and the different defect information to obtain complete defect information of the weld 14 to generate the final detection result.

[0095] In the embodiment, the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result are subjected to feature extraction in a spatial coordinate system, and the defect information in each detection result is integrated, so that the entire defect information of the weld 14 can be obtained to make up for the deficiency of a single detection method, and the detection results can be verified with each other to reduce detection errors and improve the accuracy of the detection results.

[0096] According to the above detection system and detection method, the weld 14 of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell 11 and the support column 12 is subjected to detection test, and the specific process is as follows:

[0097] The simulation test block used in the test is consistent with the actual welding structure workpiece to be detected, and the material is 316L austenitic stainless steel. The single-sided groove is formed by manual argon arc welding, and the groove form is shown in Figure 16 . The simulation test block is designed and processed with 11 kinds of real welding defects. The specific defect positions are shown in Figure 16 、 17 , and the type and parameter information of the defects are shown in Table 1:

[0098] Table 1: Defect design table of simulation test block

[0099]

[0100] The test process is as follows:

[0101] Step 1: Determine the ultrasonic detector

[0102] The ultrasonic detector equipment selected is M2M GEKKO 128 channels, and the probe adopts a 2.25MHz double-crystal surface array longitudinal wave probe and a 2.5MHz linear array longitudinal wave probe. The 2.25MHz double-crystal surface array longitudinal wave probe is used for double-sided ring scanning ultrasonic detection of the weld 14 on both sides of the shell 11 by using fan scanning, and the 2.25MHz linear array longitudinal wave probe is used for vertical ring scanning detection of the weld 14 inside the eccentric inner hole by using TFM full focusing technology. The specific probe parameters are shown in Tables 2 and 3:

[0103] Table 2: Probe parameters

[0104]

[0105] Table 3: Wedge parameters

[0106]

[0107] Step 2: Determine the ultrasonic detection position

[0108] As shown in Figure 4As shown, three detection surfaces, O, P, and Q, are defined. A dual-crystal array probe is placed on detection surfaces P and Q, respectively. Detection surface P primarily targets region II to be inspected, while detection surface Q primarily targets region I. The coverage thickness of the detection process on each side is more than half of weld 14. The superimposed detection processes on surfaces P and Q can completely cover weld 14 and the second heat-affected zone outside weld 14. A linear array probe is placed on detection surface O within the eccentric inner hole. The detection process on this surface uses a vertical linear scanning method for data acquisition. The detection process on surface O can completely cover the first heat-affected zone 15 inside weld 14, primarily targeting various orientations of hot cracks and bevel incomplete fusion defects that are prone to occur in region III to be inspected.

[0109] The ultrasonic testing process parameters for each testing surface are determined. The testing process parameters for the P and Q testing surfaces are shown in Table 4 below:

[0110] Table 4. Ultrasonic testing parameters for dual-crystal arrays

[0111]

[0112] The detection process parameters for the O-type detection surface are shown in Table 5 below:

[0113] Table 5. Linear TFM Full-Focused Ultrasound Detection Parameters

[0114]

[0115] Step 3: Determine the digital X-ray inspection equipment

[0116] The digital X-ray imaging inspection equipment includes: COMET 300 DS X-ray machine, Varian flat panel dynamic digital detector, and image acquisition and analysis computer.

[0117] like Figure 5 As shown, the COMET 300 DS X-ray machine, acting as the X-ray emitter 31, is positioned on the Q side of the housing 11, and the detection focal length is adjusted to 600mm to ensure that the X-rays are transmitted perpendicularly to the weld 14; the detector 32 is placed on the P side of the housing 11, close to one end of the support column, to ensure that its position can receive the perpendicularly transmitted X-rays.

[0118] Step 4: Determine the X-ray detection parameters

[0119] Based on the testing requirements and the characteristics of the simulated test block, select appropriate X-ray irradiation parameters: tube voltage 300 kV, tube current 3.0 mA, focal length 600 mm, single frame exposure time 1 second, total exposure time of 60 seconds, and rotation irradiation 6 times.

[0120] Step 5: Conduct testing and obtain test results; analyze and evaluate the test data of the simulated test block:

[0121] The detection results of the 1#-11# defects of the simulation test block are shown in Table 6:

[0122] Table 6: Detection results of the defects of the simulation test block

[0123]

[0124] Wherein, PAUT refers to the phased array ultrasonic detection result, DR refers to the radiographic detection result; "P", "Q", "O" represent the detection surface, " / " represents not detected, and "√" represents detected.

[0125] The array ultrasonic imaging detection results of the 1#-11# defects of the simulation test block are shown in FIGS. Figure 18 (a) of FIG. Figure 18 (k) of FIG. Figure 19 (a) of FIG. Figure 19 (k) of FIG.

[0126] For the defect signals detected by different detection processes at the same spatial position, the position is considered to be the same defect. When multiple detection processes detect the same defect, the data of ultrasonic detection are used to evaluate the size, height and depth of the defect, and the data of radiographic digital imaging are used to evaluate the length of the defect. Specifically, for the defect 1# in Table 6, the detection results of the defect 1# are determined according to the detection results of the O detection surface, and for the defect 5# in Table 6, the height and depth of the defect 5# are determined according to the detection results of the P detection surface, and the length of the defect 5# is determined according to the detection results of the radiographic digital imaging detection.

[0127] The specific detection results of each defect are shown in Table 7 by integrating and analyzing the detection results of each detection device: Table 7: Detection results of the defects of the simulation test block

[0128]

[0129] After comparison, the detection results of the characteristics of each defect of the simulation test block are basically consistent with the design parameters, and meet the requirements of the detection standard. It can be seen that the detection system and the detection method of the present application can reliably detect the defects in the weld 14 of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell 11 and the support column 12, and there is no missed detection.

[0130] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the application.

[0131] In the description of the application, "first feature" and "second feature" can include one or more of the features.

[0132] In the description of the application, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0133] In the description of the application, "above", "over", and "on" of a first feature to a second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them.

[0134] In the description of the application, "above", "over", and "on" of a first feature to a second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only means that the first feature is higher than the second feature in horizontal height.

[0135] In the description of the application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In the description of the application, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0136] Although embodiments of the application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A system for detecting a weld between a vacuum chamber shell of a fusion reactor and a support column, the support column extending through the shell, the weld having a cross-section in the shape of a ring, the support column being formed with an eccentric bore extending axially therethrough; characterized in that, The detection system comprises: a mounting assembly comprising a first moving unit, a second moving unit, a third moving unit and a fourth moving unit; at least part of the first moving unit, the second moving unit and the third moving unit are arranged outside the periphery of the support column and are adapted to rotate around the support column; the first moving unit and the second moving unit are arranged on two sides of the shell respectively; at least part of the fourth moving unit is arranged in the eccentric inner hole and is diametrically opposite to the weld, and the fourth moving unit is adapted to rotate around the center line of the eccentric inner hole; a first ultrasonic detection device, which is selectively arranged on the first moving unit or the second moving unit, is used for ultrasonic ring scan detection of the weld; a radiographic detection device, which comprises a radiographic emitter and a detector, the radiographic emitter is arranged on the third moving unit and is used for radiographic emission to the weld for transmission detection, and the detector is arranged on one end of the support column and is adapted to receive radiographic imaging; a second ultrasonic detection device, which is arranged on the fourth moving unit, is used for full-focus ultrasonic ring scan detection of the weld.

2. The system for detecting the weld between the vacuum vessel shell and the support column of a fusion reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least part of the third moving unit is adapted to move along the axial direction of the support column to adjust the axial distance between the radiographic detection device and the weld.

3. The system for detecting the weld between the vacuum vessel shell and the support column of a fusion reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising: a control unit in communication connection with the mounting assembly, the first ultrasonic detection device, the second ultrasonic detection device and the radiographic detection device, so as to automatically control the ultrasonic detection process and the radiographic detection process, and obtain the detection results in real time.

4. A method for detecting a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column weld, using a fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and support column weld detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The detection method comprises the following steps: dividing the fusion reactor vacuum chamber shell and the support column weld into a plurality of detection areas according to the extension direction and the depth direction; performing ultrasonic ring scan detection on the weld along the extension direction on both sides of the depth direction to obtain first detection results and second detection results; performing full-focus ultrasonic ring scan detection on the weld along the extension direction on the inner side of the weld to obtain third detection results; performing radiographic transmission detection on the weld on one side of the depth direction to obtain fourth detection results; obtaining detection integration results of each detection area based on the first detection results, the second detection results, the third detection results and the fourth detection results, and generating a final detection result of the weld according to the detection integration results of each detection area.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: After being divided into the plurality of detection areas, further comprising: matching at least one of the ultrasonic ring scan detection parameters and the radiographic transmission detection parameters of each detection area.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: In the process of performing ultrasonic ring scan detection on the weld along the extension direction on both sides of the depth direction, comprising: performing fan scan detection on the weld along the depth direction of the weld by using a preset scan angle at any detection position.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: determining a location of the weld on the vacuum vessel shell; and determining a location of the weld on the support column. In the process of full-focus ultrasonic ring scanning detection of the weld from the inside of the weld along the extension direction, the emission direction of the ultrasonic is controlled to be perpendicular to the depth direction of the weld.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: The radiographic detection of the weld to obtain a fourth detection result comprises: a plurality of detection points are selected around the weld; radiographic detection of the weld is performed at each detection point; the detection results of each detection point are integrated to obtain the fourth detection result.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises: determining a location of the weld on the vacuum vessel shell; and determining a location of the weld on the support column. The selection of the plurality of detection points around the weld comprises: the relative position of each detection point is determined according to a preset interval angle; the plurality of detection points are selected based on the relative position of each detection point.

10. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: The detection integration result of each detection area is obtained based on the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result, and the final detection result of the weld is generated according to the detection integration result of each detection area, which comprises: a space coordinate system is established based on the geometric model of the weld; feature registration is performed on the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result with respect to the space coordinate system to match the same defect information in the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result; different defect information in the first detection result, the second detection result, the third detection result and the fourth detection result is obtained; complete defect information of the weld is obtained by combining the same defect information and the different defect information to generate the final detection result.

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