Control method and system for collecting and measuring parameters of gas discharge tube in multiple paths based on microcontroller unit

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method and system for collecting and measuring parameters of a gas discharge tube in multiple paths based on a microcontroller unit. The control method comprises the following steps: the microcontroller unit receives a test instruction; controlling a digital potentiometer to adjust a resistance value according to the voltage output parameter; controlling a relay group to switch a resistor-capacitor combination according to the voltage slope parameter, and determining and applying a test voltage to the gas discharge tube; controlling the high-voltage dry reed relay array to set or switch the polarity of the test voltage; collecting voltage and / or current signals of the gas discharge tube through an analog-to-digital conversion module; determining a breakdown voltage value and / or calculating an insulation resistance value based on the acquired signal; and comparing the parameter value with a preset standard and then outputting a judgment result. By accurately controlling voltage output, slope and polarity and combining high-precision signal acquisition and parameter calculation, efficient, accurate and automatic measurement of parameters of the gas discharge tube is realized, the problems of low measurement efficiency and low precision in the prior art are solved, and the detection reliability and efficiency are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of digital signal processing and sensor technology, and in particular to a control method and system for measuring parameters of a gas discharge tube based on a microcontroller unit. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important overvoltage protection element, gas discharge tubes are widely used in communication, power, electronic equipment and other fields. The breakdown voltage and insulation resistance are key indicators to measure the performance of gas discharge tubes. Accurate measurement of these indicators is crucial to ensure the quality of gas discharge tubes and their reliability in practical applications.

[0003] Traditional gas discharge tube parameter measurement methods mainly rely on manual operation, such as using a manual voltage adjustment tester to measure one by one. This method is inefficient and difficult to meet the needs of mass production. In addition, manual measurement results are easily affected by factors such as operator habits, reading timing, etc., resulting in low measurement accuracy. Furthermore, traditional methods cannot achieve simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters, limiting the comprehensive evaluation of gas discharge tube performance.

[0004] With the development of technology, some automatic measurement systems have emerged, but existing automatic measurement systems generally have low integration, such as simply connecting multiple independent measurement instruments through communication. There is a lack of effective coordination mechanism between instruments, resulting in a large system size and low data transmission and processing efficiency. In addition, existing automatic measurement systems have poor scalability. When the number of measurement channels or other parameters needs to be increased, large-scale hardware modification and software rewriting of the entire system are required, which is costly. In terms of complex environment adaptability, existing systems perform poorly in terms of electromagnetic interference resistance and environmental temperature and humidity adaptability, resulting in fluctuations or even errors in measurement data.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present application, and therefore can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides a control method and system for measuring parameters of a gas discharge tube based on a microcontroller unit to overcome the problems of low efficiency, low accuracy, and poor scalability of existing gas discharge tube measurement methods, and to achieve efficient, accurate, and automated measurement of gas discharge tube parameters.

[0007] The present application provides a control method for measuring parameters of a gas discharge tube based on a microcontroller unit, comprising:

[0008] receiving a test instruction, the test instruction comprising test parameters for the at least one gas discharge tube;

[0009] controlling a digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value according to a voltage output parameter in the test parameters;

[0010] controlling a relay group to switch one or more of a plurality of resistance-capacitance combinations electrically connected to the relay group according to a voltage slope parameter in the test parameters;

[0011] applying a test voltage to the gas discharge tube through the digital potentiometer and the selected resistance-capacitance combination, the rising rate of the test voltage being determined by the selected resistance-capacitance combination;

[0012] controlling a high-voltage dry reed relay array to set or switch the polarity of the test voltage applied to the gas discharge tube;

[0013] acquiring, by the microcontroller unit, a voltage signal and / or a current signal of the gas discharge tube through an analog-digital conversion module during the process of applying the test voltage to the gas discharge tube;

[0014] determining a breakdown voltage value of the gas discharge tube based on the acquired voltage signal, and / or calculating an insulation resistance value of the gas discharge tube based on the acquired current signal and the applied test voltage; and

[0015] comparing the breakdown voltage value and / or the insulation resistance value with preset measurement criteria to determine the performance of the gas discharge tube, and outputting a determination result.

[0016] In some optional embodiments, the microcontroller unit controls the digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value through a two-wire synchronous serial protocol.

[0017] In some optional embodiments, the method further comprises, when the digital potentiometer is initialized, the microcontroller unit performing the following calibration operations:

[0018] adjusting each resistance tap of the digital potentiometer in sequence;

[0019] acquiring, by the analog-digital conversion module, an actual output voltage value corresponding to each resistance tap in real time;

[0020] comparing each acquired actual output voltage value with a corresponding theoretical linear voltage value, and calculating the absolute value of the difference between the two as an error; and

[0021] establishing a calibration lookup table based on the error, the calibration lookup table storing the correspondence between the theoretical linear voltage value and the digital potentiometer setting value.

[0022] In some optional embodiments, when the microcontroller unit controls the digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value, the microcontroller unit looks up the calibration lookup table for a theoretical linear voltage value closest to the target output voltage value, and obtains a corresponding digital potentiometer setting value, and sends the setting value to the digital potentiometer.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, when the microcontroller unit collects the voltage signal through the analog-digital conversion module, the microcontroller unit collects the voltage signal attenuated by a high-voltage attenuation probe when breakdown occurs in the gas discharge tube, and the high-voltage attenuation probe attenuates the voltage signal to a measurable voltage range of the analog-digital conversion module.

[0024] In some optional embodiments, when the microcontroller unit collects the current signal through the analog-digital conversion module to calculate the insulation resistance value, the microcontroller unit collects the current signal amplified by a high-precision amplification circuit after applying a stable direct-current test voltage to the gas discharge tube.

[0025] In some optional embodiments, the test instruction includes test parameters for multiple gas discharge tubes, and after receiving the test instruction, the microcontroller unit also controls a multi-way switching relay group to sequentially select different gas discharge tubes.

[0026] In some optional embodiments, before applying the test voltage to the gas discharge tube, the microcontroller unit also controls an electrode selection relay group to select a specific test electrode combination of the gas discharge tube, and the specific test electrode combination is one of AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, or CB.

[0027] In some optional embodiments, when the microcontroller unit outputs the determination result, the determination result is sent to an upper computer through a serial communication interface or a display device is driven to display the determination result through a display driving circuit.

[0028] In some optional embodiments, the test parameters further include reverse breakdown voltage test parameters, and when performing the reverse breakdown voltage test, the microcontroller unit controls the high-voltage dry reed relay array to switch the polarity of the test voltage to a reverse polarity.

[0029] The embodiment of the present application also provides a control system for multi-way collection and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit, comprising:

[0030] The microcontroller unit is configured with multiple input / output ports and at least one analog-digital conversion module;

[0031] The digital potentiometer is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit through a digital communication interface, and is configured to adjust its own resistance value according to the instruction of the microcontroller unit;

[0032] a voltage slope adjustment module including a plurality of resistor-capacitor combinations and a plurality of voltage slope adjustment relays controlled by input / output ports of the microcontroller unit, the voltage slope adjustment relays configured to select one or more of the plurality of resistor-capacitor combinations;

[0033] a high voltage polarity switching module including a plurality of high voltage dry reed relays controlled by input / output ports of the microcontroller unit;

[0034] a voltage signal acquisition circuit electrically connected to a voltage measurement terminal of the gas discharge tube and electrically connected to a voltage input terminal of an analog-to-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit, the voltage signal acquisition circuit including a high voltage attenuating probe;

[0035] a current signal acquisition circuit electrically connected to a current measurement terminal of the gas discharge tube and electrically connected to a current input terminal of the analog-to-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit, the current signal acquisition circuit including a high-precision amplification circuit;

[0036] wherein the microcontroller unit is configured to perform the above-mentioned control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of parameters of a gas discharge tube based on a microcontroller unit.

[0037] In some optional embodiments, the system further comprises:

[0038] a multi-channel switching relay group electrically connected to test terminals of the plurality of gas discharge tubes and controlled by I / O ports of the microcontroller unit.

[0039] In some optional embodiments, the system further comprises:

[0040] an electrode selection relay group electrically connected to electrodes of the gas discharge tube and controlled by I / O ports of the microcontroller unit.

[0041] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present disclosure.

[0042] The control method and system for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of parameters of a gas discharge tube based on a microcontroller unit provided by the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of parameters of a gas discharge tube based on a microcontroller unit provided by the present application realizes accurate control and flexible adjustment of the test voltage of the gas discharge tube by adopting digital potentiometers and relay control technology, which can improve the voltage control accuracy and measurement reliability. Through multi-channel acquisition technology, synchronous measurement of multiple gas discharge tube parameters can be realized, which reduces the detection time and improves the detection efficiency. In addition, the present application can realize automatic control of the test process, reduce the influence of human factors and external interference on the measurement results, and improve the accuracy of the measurement results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0044] Other features, objects, and advantages of the application will become more apparent from a detailed consideration of the following non-limiting embodiments when taken in conjunction with the drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a control method for measuring parameters of a gas discharge tube by multi-channel acquisition based on a microcontroller unit according to an embodiment of the application;

[0046] Figure 2 is a comparative diagram of linear compensation of a digital potentiometer according to an embodiment of the application;

[0047] Figure 3 is a flow chart of initialization of a digital potentiometer according to an embodiment of the application;

[0048] Figure 4 is a diagram of an RC resistance-capacitance regulation slope circuit according to an embodiment of the application;

[0049] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a control system for measuring parameters of a gas discharge tube by multi-channel acquisition based on a microcontroller unit according to an embodiment of the application;

[0050] Figure 6 is a diagram of a breakdown voltage measurement circuit according to an embodiment of the application;

[0051] Figure 7 is a flow diagram of ADC dual-channel acquisition according to an embodiment of the application;

[0052] Figure 8 is a diagram of an insulation resistance measurement circuit according to an embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Example implementations will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example implementations may, however, be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the implementations set forth herein; rather, these implementations are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the inventive aspects to those skilled in the art. Features described in the description and / or shown in the drawings can be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0054] In addition, the drawings are to be regarded as being schematic and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference indicia can be used to denote parts that are similar or identical in function, and thus repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities that do not necessarily have to correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0055] The flowchart shown in the drawing is only an example and does not necessarily include all the steps. For example, some steps can be further divided, and some steps can be combined or partially combined, so the actual execution order can be changed according to the actual situation.

[0056] The measurement of the parameters of the gas discharge tube, especially the breakdown voltage and the insulation resistance, relies on accurate voltage control, current acquisition, and data analysis. By applying a certain voltage and acquiring the current passing through the gas discharge tube, its insulation performance can be evaluated. The measurement of the breakdown voltage requires gradually increasing the voltage until the gas discharge tube breaks down, and recording the voltage value at that time. To achieve efficient and accurate measurement, an automated control method is needed to overcome the limitations of manual operation. At the same time, the collected signals need to be accurately processed and analyzed to eliminate interference factors and improve the accuracy of the measurement results. By accurately controlling and analyzing the voltage applied to the gas discharge tube and the current signal collected, accurate measurement and performance evaluation of the parameters of the gas discharge tube can be achieved.

[0057] As shown in Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of parameters of a gas discharge tube based on a microcontroller unit, which comprises the following steps:

[0058] S100, receiving a test instruction, the test instruction containing test parameters for at least one gas discharge tube. In the embodiment of the present application, the microcontroller unit receives instructions from the host computer or other input devices, which contain relevant configuration information for parameter measurement of the gas discharge tube to be tested, such as voltage output range, voltage rise slope, measurement electrode combination, etc. The reception of the test instruction is the starting signal of the whole measurement process, which determines the specific parameter settings of the subsequent measurement process.

[0059] S200, according to the voltage output parameter in the test parameter, controlling the digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value. In the embodiment of the present application, the microcontroller unit adjusts the size of the output voltage by controlling the digital potentiometer according to the voltage output parameter set in the received test instruction. The digital potentiometer plays the role of a variable resistor in this embodiment, and by adjusting its resistance value, the voltage division ratio of the voltage dividing circuit can be changed, thereby realizing accurate control of the output voltage. The specific value of the voltage output parameter will directly affect the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0060] S300, the microcontroller unit controls the relay group to switch one or more of the plurality of resistance-capacitance combinations electrically connected with the relay group according to the voltage slope parameter in the test parameter. In the embodiment of the application, the microcontroller unit controls the relay group to switch different resistance-capacitance (RC) combinations according to the voltage slope parameter set in the test instruction. Different RC combinations change the time constant of the circuit, thereby controlling the slope of the voltage rise. The selection of the voltage slope is crucial for accurately capturing the breakdown point of the gas discharge tube. For example, a plurality of relays and a plurality of resistance-capacitance combinations can be used to form a voltage slope adjustment module, wherein the resistance in the resistance-capacitance combination can be selected from precision resistors, and the capacitance can be selected from film capacitors to ensure the accuracy of the resistance-capacitance and meet the experimental requirements. The parameters of the RC combination are not unique and can be adjusted according to the actual situation. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive modifications on this basis, which are all within the protection scope of the application.

[0061] S400, the microcontroller unit applies a test voltage to the gas discharge tube through the digital potentiometer and the selected resistance-capacitance combination, and the rising rate of the test voltage is determined by the selected resistance-capacitance combination. In the embodiment of the application, the base voltage is adjusted by the digital potentiometer, and then the rising slope of the voltage is controlled by the selected RC combination, and finally a test voltage with a specific voltage amplitude and rising rate is applied to the gas discharge tube to be tested. The voltage amplitude and the rising rate are important factors affecting the measurement of the breakdown voltage and the insulation resistance of the gas discharge tube.

[0062] S500, control the high-voltage dry reed relay array to set or switch the polarity of the test voltage applied to the gas discharge tube. In the embodiment of the application, by controlling the on-off state of the high-voltage dry reed relay array, the polarity of the test voltage applied to the gas discharge tube can be set or switched, thereby realizing the measurement of the forward and reverse breakdown voltages of the gas discharge tube. The high-voltage dry reed relay has the advantages of high voltage resistance and low leakage current, which can meet the needs of high-voltage testing. The method of switching the polarity through the relay array is easy to control, has fast response speed and high reliability.

[0063] S600, in the process of applying the test voltage to the gas discharge tube, the microcontroller unit collects the voltage signal and / or current signal of the gas discharge tube through the analog-digital conversion module. In the embodiment of the application, in the process of applying the test voltage to the gas discharge tube, the microcontroller unit collects the voltage signal and / or current signal flowing through the gas discharge tube in real time through the built-in ADC module or external ADC device. The collected voltage signal and current signal are the basic data for subsequent calculation of the parameters of the gas discharge tube.

[0064] S700, determine the breakdown voltage value of the gas discharge tube based on the collected voltage signal, and / or calculate the insulation resistance value of the gas discharge tube based on the collected current signal and the applied test voltage. In the embodiment of the application, the microcontroller unit analyzes and processes the collected voltage signal and current signal, and extracts the breakdown voltage value and insulation resistance value therefrom. The breakdown voltage value can be directly extracted from the voltage signal, and the insulation resistance value can be calculated by Ohm's law.

[0065] S800, compare the breakdown voltage value and / or insulation resistance value with the preset measurement standard to determine the performance of the gas discharge tube, and output the determination result. In the embodiment of the application, the microcontroller unit compares the calculated breakdown voltage value and / or insulation resistance value with the standard value set in advance, judges whether the performance of the gas discharge tube to be measured meets the requirements, and outputs and displays or uploads the determination result to the upper computer. The determination result can be used as an important basis for quality control of the gas discharge tube.

[0066] Through the mutual cooperation of the above technical features, the embodiment of the application can realize automatic measurement and control of the parameters of the gas discharge tube. The use of the digital potentiometer for voltage regulation can realize accurate control of the voltage; the use of the relay group switching RC combination can flexibly adjust the voltage rising slope; the use of the ADC module for signal acquisition can obtain accurate voltage and current data; and the use of the high-voltage dry reed relay array for polarity switching can realize measurement of the positive and negative breakdown voltages. The automatic measurement and control of the parameters of the gas discharge tube can be realized, which has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, high efficiency, strong scalability, etc., and can meet the needs of high-precision and high-efficiency measurement of the gas discharge tube in industrial production.

[0067] In some embodiments, the microcontroller unit controls the digital potentiometer to adjust its resistance value through a two-wire synchronous serial protocol. In the embodiment of the application, the microcontroller unit and the digital potentiometer communicate with each other through a two-wire synchronous serial (TWS) protocol to realize accurate control of the resistance value of the digital potentiometer. The two-wire synchronous serial protocol, such as I2C, is a commonly used serial communication protocol, which can realize bidirectional transmission of data only by using two signal lines (clock line SCL and data line SDA). The microcontroller unit sends a control instruction to the digital potentiometer through the TWS protocol, and the instruction contains information of the target resistance value. After receiving the instruction, the digital potentiometer adjusts its internal resistance value according to the instruction, thereby changing the size of the output voltage. The communication through the two-wire synchronous serial protocol has the advantages of simple hardware interface and easy implementation. Other communication methods, such as the SPI communication protocol, are also within the protection scope of the application. By controlling the digital potentiometer to adjust its resistance value through the two-wire synchronous serial protocol, accurate control of the output voltage can be realized, which provides guarantee for accurate measurement of the parameters of the gas discharge tube.

[0068] In some embodiments, the microcontroller unit further performs the following calibration operations when the digital potentiometer is initialized:

[0069] sequentially adjusting each resistance step of the digital potentiometer;

[0070] collecting the actual output voltage value corresponding to each resistance step in real time through an analog-digital conversion module;

[0071] comparing each collected actual output voltage value with the corresponding theoretical linear voltage value and calculating the absolute value of the difference between them as the error;

[0072] establishing a calibration lookup table based on the error, the calibration lookup table storing the corresponding relationship between the theoretical linear voltage value and the digital potentiometer setting value.

[0073] In the embodiments of the present application, a calibration method is proposed to address the non-linear error problem of the digital potentiometer. Due to the discreteness of the internal resistance of the digital potentiometer and the limitations of the manufacturing process, the resistance value and the control command are not completely linearly related, which will affect the accuracy of the output voltage. To solve this problem, the digital potentiometer is calibrated when it is initialized. Specifically, first, the microcontroller unit sequentially adjusts each resistance step of the digital potentiometer, i.e., from the smallest step to the largest step, and sets the control command of the digital potentiometer in turn. Then, the actual output voltage value corresponding to each resistance step is collected in real time through an analog-digital conversion module. Since the ADC module itself may have errors, the method of multiple sampling and averaging can be used to improve the accuracy of voltage sampling. Next, each collected actual output voltage value is compared with the corresponding theoretical linear voltage value, and the absolute value of the difference between them is calculated as the error. The theoretical linear voltage value refers to the voltage value that the digital potentiometer should output at each step in an ideal case. The error reflects the degree of deviation between the actual output and the ideal output of the digital potentiometer. Finally, based on the error, a calibration lookup table is established. This lookup table stores the corresponding relationship between the theoretical linear voltage value and the digital potentiometer setting value, that is, for each theoretical linear voltage value, the corresponding setting value that can make the actual output of the digital potentiometer closest to the theoretical linear voltage value can be found in the lookup table. In the subsequent voltage control process, the microcontroller unit no longer directly uses the control command to control the digital potentiometer, but first finds the theoretical linear voltage value closest to the target voltage from the lookup table, then obtains the corresponding setting value, and sends the setting value to the digital potentiometer, thereby achieving accurate control of the output voltage. Through the calibration operation of the present embodiment, the non-linear error of the digital potentiometer can be effectively eliminated, the accuracy of the output voltage can be improved, and the accuracy of the gas discharge tube parameter measurement can be improved.

[0074] In some embodiments, the microcontroller unit controls the digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value, looks up the theoretical linear voltage value closest to the target output voltage value from the calibration lookup table, and obtains the corresponding digital potentiometer setting value, and sends the setting value to the digital potentiometer. In the embodiments of the present application, it is clear how to use the calibration lookup table to control the digital potentiometer to achieve accurate voltage output in the actual measurement process. First, the microcontroller unit receives the target output voltage value from the test instruction. The target output voltage value is the voltage value required for gas discharge tube parameter measurement. Since the digital potentiometer has nonlinear error, the target output voltage value cannot be directly converted into the setting value of the digital potentiometer. Therefore, it is necessary to use the previously established calibration lookup table for compensation. Specifically, the microcontroller unit looks up the theoretical linear voltage value closest to the target output voltage value from the calibration lookup table. Since the calibration lookup table is discrete, the target output voltage value may not completely match a value in the lookup table, so the closest value needs to be selected. The algorithm for searching can use various ways, such as binary search, sequential search, etc. After finding the closest theoretical linear voltage value, the corresponding digital potentiometer setting value of the theoretical linear voltage value is obtained from the lookup table. The setting value is the calibrated control instruction that can make the actual output of the digital potentiometer closest to the target output voltage value. Finally, the microcontroller unit sends the setting value to the digital potentiometer through the two-wire synchronous serial protocol, controls the digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value, and thus achieves accurate voltage output. This technical feature uses the calibration lookup table to compensate for the nonlinear error of the digital potentiometer, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the voltage output, and thus improve the accuracy of the gas discharge tube parameter measurement.

[0075] In some embodiments, when the microcontroller unit collects the voltage signal through the analog-to-digital conversion module, the voltage signal is collected after being attenuated by a high-voltage attenuation probe when the gas discharge tube is broken down. The high-voltage attenuation probe attenuates the voltage signal to a measurable voltage range of the analog-to-digital conversion module. In the embodiments of the present application, when measuring the breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube, the voltage value at the moment of breakdown is usually high, exceeding the measurable range of the internal ADC module of the microcontroller unit or other external ADC devices. Therefore, a high-voltage attenuation probe is needed to attenuate the voltage signal, convert the high-voltage signal into a low-voltage signal that can be processed by the ADC module, and then collect it. The high-voltage attenuation probe is a commonly used high-voltage measurement accessory. Its working principle is to use a high-resistance resistance voltage dividing network to attenuate the high-voltage signal by a certain proportion. For example, a 1000:1 attenuation probe can attenuate a 1000V voltage to 1V. The attenuated voltage signal can still reflect the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the original high-voltage signal. The microcontroller unit collects the attenuated voltage signal through the ADC module, and then calculates the original breakdown voltage value according to the attenuation ratio. Attenuation probes with different attenuation ratios or attenuation probes with adjustable attenuation ratios can be used to measure gas discharge tubes with different voltage ranges.

[0076] In some embodiments, when the microcontroller unit collects the current signal through the analog-to-digital conversion module to calculate the insulation resistance value, the current signal is collected after being amplified by a high-precision amplification circuit after a stable direct current test voltage is applied to the gas discharge tube. In the embodiments of the present application, the measurement of insulation resistance is realized by applying a stable direct current test voltage and then measuring the weak current flowing through the gas discharge tube. Since the current is usually very small, for example, in the order of nanoamperes or even lower, direct use of the ADC module for collection can not guarantee the accuracy. Therefore, a high-precision amplification circuit is needed to amplify the current signal before analog-to-digital conversion. The high-precision amplification circuit can be implemented in various ways, such as a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and a differential amplifier. To ensure the accuracy and stability of the amplification circuit, a low-noise, low-temperature-drift precision operational amplifier can be used, and shielding measures can be taken to reduce external interference. In addition, the stable direct current test voltage applied may be different according to the nominal direct current discharge voltage of the gas discharge tube. For example, for a gas discharge tube with a nominal direct current discharge voltage not higher than 150V, a 50V direct current test voltage is used, and for a gas discharge tube with a nominal direct current discharge voltage higher than 150V, a 100V direct current test voltage is used. By using a high-precision amplification circuit to amplify the weak current signal, the accuracy of the ADC module in collecting the current signal can be improved, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the insulation resistance measurement.

[0077] In some embodiments, the test instruction includes test parameters for multiple gas discharge tubes, and the microcontroller unit further controls the multiplexing relay set to sequentially enable different gas discharge tubes after receiving the test instruction. The purpose is to improve the efficiency of measuring the parameters of the gas discharge tube and to realize automatic and sequential measurement of multiple gas discharge tubes. The multiplexing relay set is composed of multiple relays, each of which controls the enablement or non-enablement of a gas discharge tube. The microcontroller unit can sequentially connect different gas discharge tubes to the measurement circuit by controlling the on-off state of the relays. For example, a 4-way switching relay set can be used to realize sequential measurement of 4 gas discharge tubes. During the measurement process, the microcontroller unit first receives a test instruction including test parameters for multiple gas discharge tubes, such as the number of gas discharge tubes to be tested, the breakdown voltage of each discharge tube, and the preset standard of insulation resistance. After receiving the test instruction, the microcontroller unit controls the multiplexing relay set to sequentially enable different gas discharge tubes for parameter measurement, and then compares the measurement results with the corresponding preset standards to determine whether the performance meets the requirements. Through this technical feature, automatic measurement of multiple gas discharge tubes can be realized without manual intervention, significantly improving the measurement efficiency and meeting the needs of large-scale production testing.

[0078] In some embodiments, the microcontroller unit further controls the electrode selection relay set to select a specific test electrode combination of the gas discharge tube before applying the test voltage to the gas discharge tube, the specific test electrode combination being one of AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, or CB. The purpose is to realize parameter measurement of different electrode combinations of the gas discharge tube. The gas discharge tube usually has three electrodes, such as A, B, and C. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the gas discharge tube, parameters between different electrode combinations need to be measured, such as AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, and CB. The electrode selection relay set is composed of multiple relays, each of which controls the connection state of one or more electrodes. The microcontroller unit can select different electrode combinations for testing by controlling the on-off state of the relays. For example, when the breakdown voltage between AB needs to be measured, the microcontroller unit controls the electrode selection relay set to connect the A electrode and the B electrode to the measurement circuit, and the C electrode remains in the off state. This technical feature can realize parameter measurement of different electrode combinations of the gas discharge tube, thereby comprehensively evaluating the performance of the gas discharge tube and providing more comprehensive data support for quality control. The electrode selection relay set can use high-voltage relays to ensure safety and reliability under high-voltage testing.

[0079] In some embodiments, the microcontroller unit outputs the determination result by sending it to a host computer through a serial communication interface or driving a display device to display the determination result through a display driving circuit. This embodiment relates to the output method of the measurement result. After the microcontroller unit completes the measurement of the gas discharge tube parameters and the performance determination, the determination result needs to be output so that the user can understand the measurement result and the quality status of the gas discharge tube. This embodiment provides two optional output methods: one is to send the determination result to the host computer through the serial communication interface, and the other is to drive the display device to display the determination result through the display driving circuit. The serial communication interface can adopt various standard interfaces such as UART, RS232, RS485, etc. The host computer can be a computer or other device with data processing and display capabilities, which can store, analyze and visualize the received data. The display device can use a liquid crystal display (LCD), an LED display screen or other types of display devices, and the determination result can be displayed in text, graphics or other forms through the display driving circuit. The user can select the appropriate output method according to actual needs. For example, when long-term storage and analysis of measurement data are required, the data can be sent to the host computer; when only simple measurement results need to be viewed, the display device can be directly displayed.

[0080] In some embodiments, the test parameters further include a reverse breakdown voltage test parameter, and the microcontroller unit controls the high-voltage dry reed relay array to switch the polarity of the test voltage to a reverse polarity when performing the reverse breakdown voltage test. The forward breakdown voltage and the reverse breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube are important indicators for evaluating its performance, so both parameters need to be measured. In actual measurement, due to the structural symmetry of the gas discharge tube, there may be some differences between the forward breakdown voltage and the reverse breakdown voltage. Therefore, the gas discharge tube needs to be applied with forward and reverse test voltages to measure their breakdown voltage values respectively. When the test instruction contains the reverse breakdown voltage test parameter, the microcontroller unit controls the high-voltage dry reed relay array to switch the polarity of the test voltage applied to the gas discharge tube from forward to reverse, and then performs the same steps as the forward breakdown voltage measurement, including voltage adjustment, slope control, signal acquisition and data analysis, to obtain the reverse breakdown voltage value of the gas discharge tube. A high-voltage solid-state relay can be used instead of a high-voltage dry reed relay to improve the speed and reliability of polarity switching. Through this technical feature, comprehensive measurement of the forward and reverse breakdown voltages of the gas discharge tube can be achieved, providing more comprehensive data for evaluating the performance of the gas discharge tube.

[0081] Another embodiment of the present application provides a control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0082] (1) High-voltage control:

[0083] The microcontroller unit adopts a two-wire synchronous serial protocol, sends instructions to the digital potentiometer through the CS and U / D input pins, and the digital potentiometer adjusts its resistance value according to the instructions to change the voltage division ratio, so as to realize the adjustment of the basic voltage from 0 to the target voltage value.

[0084] (2) Multi-channel acquisition:

[0085] For insulation resistance measurement, the microcontroller unit controls the relay through the I / O port to apply a stable test voltage to the gas discharge tube, and the built-in adc module of the microcontroller unit acquires the current signal.

[0086] (3) Data analysis:

[0087] The microcontroller unit uses Ohm's law to calculate the insulation resistance value of the gas discharge tube combined with the measured breakdown voltage and the collected current data, and then compares the value with the set measurement standard to determine whether the insulation performance meets the standard component parameters.

[0088] The digital potentiometer adopts MCP4012 digital potentiometer, and when it is initialized:

[0089] The resistance of each grid of the digital potentiometer is adjusted, the voltage is collected in real time by the ARM microcontroller and stored in an array, and then the value Value in the array is compared with the linear value Lvalue, and the minimum error Emin is found according to the formula

[0090] Error=Abs(Value-Lvalue)

[0091] Calculate the error, find the minimum error Emin, and obtain the calibration array; after the digital potentiometer receives the input value, compare it with the previous input voltage value, and the ARM microcontroller finds the data closest to the input value from the calibration array for output. If the input value is greater than the previous input value, the resistance of the digital potentiometer is reduced, and if the input value is less than the previous input value, the resistance of the digital potentiometer is increased, so as to realize the calibration of the digital potentiometer.

[0092] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment is to overcome the defects of the control and measurement method of the multi-channel acquisition of the insulation resistance and the direct current breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube in the prior art, and to provide an automatic, simple, and labor-saving detection method, so as to effectively overcome the shortcomings of the existing measurement method and technology, realize the measurement of the forward breakdown voltage, reverse breakdown voltage, and insulation resistance of the gas discharge tube, and can simultaneously measure more components, with higher precision, larger template specification, higher measurement efficiency, and good expansibility and environmental adaptability.

[0093] This embodiment uses the MCP4012 digital potentiometer. The MCP4012 is composed of multiple adjustable resistors. The on and off of the switch is controlled by digital signals to change the resistance value of the connected circuit, thereby adjusting the output voltage. The microcontroller can send control signals to adjust the state of the U / D pin to adjust the output voltage up or down. Data can also be sent through the serial interface to program the chip, set the resistance value, read status information, etc. The MCP4012 has a resolution of 6 bits and provides 64 resistance levels. Its accuracy is low and the error value will gradually increase with the accumulation of time. Figure 2 As shown in FIG, the digital potentiometer is calibrated using a linear compensation algorithm. Compared with directly outputting the resistance value, the output linearity is significantly improved.

[0094] When the digital potentiometer is initialized, Figure 3 As shown, adjust the digital potentiometer's resistance level at each scale and use an ARM microcontroller to perform real-time ADC voltage acquisition. The acquired voltage is stored in an array. The values ​​in the array are sequentially compared with the linear value Lvalue to find the minimum error, Emin. This results in an array of similar linear values, which is the calibration array. The formula for calculating the error is:

[0095] Error=Abs(Value-Lvalue)

[0096] Where Abs() means to find the absolute value. Compare the obtained Errors one by one and take the smallest one as the minimum error Emin.

[0097] After receiving an input value from the digital potentiometer, it is compared with the previous input voltage value. The ARM microcontroller then searches the calibration array for the value closest to the input value and outputs it. If the input value is greater than the previous value, the digital potentiometer resistance is reduced; if the input value is less than the previous value, the digital potentiometer resistance is increased. This completes the calibration of the digital potentiometer.

[0098] When detecting the DC breakdown voltage (UAG), the microcontroller unit communicates with the digital potentiometer through a two-wire synchronous serial protocol, controls the output voltage of the digital potentiometer, and indirectly controls the programmable DC voltage source to achieve a DC breakdown voltage output of 0V-1000V. Compared with the original ramp-up circuit, the use of the digital potentiometer greatly reduces the time it takes for the voltage to rise to the specified voltage. At the same time, since the digital potentiometer has errors and the errors are cumulative, in order to improve accuracy, the microcontroller unit samples the output of the digital potentiometer in real time to calculate the error calibration. And it can be done through Figure 4The RC resistance-capacitance regulation slope circuit shown regulates the slope of voltage rise, and 5-bit gear UAG is obtained for testing the DC breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube. The microcontroller unit and the main control circuit controls the UAG slope generation circuit to generate a detection high voltage, controls the on-off of the photoelectric coupler, collects the breakdown voltage returned by the breakdown voltage detection circuit, and controls the six-state high-voltage dry reed relays through the six high-voltage dry reed relays, and then controls the output gas discharge tube to have six kinds of combinations of two two-order AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, and CB. When the gas discharge tube is broken down, the high-voltage decay probe in the breakdown voltage detection circuit attenuates the high voltage to a range that can be measured by the ADC sampler, and the ADC sampler samples the attenuated voltage under the control of the microcontroller unit, and transmits the data to the microcontroller unit for analysis and processing, and finally calculates the DC breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube.

[0099] In the measurement of the limit insulation resistance (IR), the microcontroller is used as the main control circuit, which can execute program instructions and data processing, and integrates various functional modules. The relay connected with the main control circuit can control the corresponding relay through the output of the corresponding pin. The relay connected with the main control circuit output part can achieve the effect of switching the corresponding circuit through the chip instruction. One end of the relay is controlled by the instruction output by the MCU, and the other end is connected with the test circuit for testing the breakdown voltage and the insulation resistance. The microcontroller unit can indirectly control whether the different circuits are connected by controlling the corresponding potential, that is, whether the test is started and the test electrode is controlled, so as to realize automatic selection and avoid errors or safety problems caused by human operation. In addition, the detection circuit for the insulation resistance is based on the national standard. For the gas discharge tube with a nominal DC discharge voltage of not higher than 150V, a 50V DC voltage is used for testing. When the nominal DC discharge voltage is higher than 150V, a 100V DC voltage is used for testing. The 100V and 50V voltages are obtained by converting 220V AC into 50V or 100V through a transformer, and then filtering and rectifying and stabilizing.

[0100] The weak current obtained by testing is detected by a high-precision amplification circuit, and then sampled by the ADC peripheral in the microcontroller unit. The sampling result is processed on the MCU to calculate the corresponding insulation resistance value according to Ohm's law, which solves the problem of inconvenient data management. The +5V and -5V voltages required by the amplification circuit are obtained by converting 220V AC into 9V through a transformer, and then filtering and rectifying and using an LDO linear voltage stabilizer.

[0101] In the automatic detection process, the user issues detection instructions to the microcontroller unit through the host computer or other input devices. After receiving the instructions, the microcontroller controls the optocoupler and relay to select the appropriate 5-bit gear UAG and test electrode combination. The UAG ramp-up slope generation circuit generates the corresponding detection high voltage, which is attenuated by the high-voltage attenuation probe and then sampled by the ADC sampler. The microcontroller unit analyzes and processes the sampled data, finally calculates the DC breakdown voltage and insulation resistance of the gas discharge tube, and outputs the results for display.

[0102] This embodiment uses the multi-channel acquisition capability of the microcontroller unit to simultaneously measure multiple parameters of multiple gas discharge tubes, greatly reducing the detection time and greatly improving the detection efficiency compared to the traditional one-by-one detection method.

[0103] In terms of detection accuracy, we have carried out filtering, rectification, and voltage stabilization processing; optocoupler isolation achieves high-voltage interference resistance, and the influence of lightning in reality is excluded; the microcontroller unit command level controls the voltage adjustment and slope, reducing the influence of human factors and external interference on the measurement results. In addition, the ADC sampler can flexibly configure the sampling frequency and precision under the control of the microcontroller unit according to actual needs, further improving the accuracy of measurement.

[0104] In terms of stability and safety, the use of optocoupler isolation electrical isolation measures effectively avoids high-voltage interference with low-voltage circuits, ensuring stable operation of the system in complex environments and improving the safety of operating personnel. Avoids safety hazards caused by manual testing and existing outdated machines

[0105] In terms of scalability, the microcontroller unit-based system has good openness and compatibility, making it easy to upgrade and optimize functions in the future. For example, the number of detection channels can be increased to further improve detection efficiency, or data analysis and processing functions can be added to meet the diverse needs of gas discharge tube multi-parameter detection in different industrial scenarios.

[0106] In summary, the benefits of microcontroller unit multi-channel acquisition include efficient data acquisition, precision and synchronization, reduced CPU burden, low power consumption and long battery life, flexible configuration and easy expansion, and a wide range of application scenarios.

[0107] As shown in Figure 5 The embodiment of the present application provides a control system for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit, which comprises:

[0108] The microcontroller unit M100 is configured with multiple input / output (I / O) ports and at least one analog-to-digital conversion module;

[0109] The digital potentiometer M200 is electrically connected with the microcontroller unit M100 through a digital communication interface, and is configured to adjust its own resistance value according to the instruction of the microcontroller unit M100.

[0110] The voltage slope adjustment module M300 includes a plurality of resistance-capacitance combinations and a plurality of voltage slope adjustment relays controlled by the I / O ports of the microcontroller unit M100, and the voltage slope adjustment relays are configured to select one or more of the plurality of resistance-capacitance combinations.

[0111] The high-voltage polarity switching module M400 includes a plurality of high-voltage dry reed relays controlled by the I / O ports of the microcontroller unit M100.

[0112] The voltage signal acquisition circuit M500 is electrically connected with the voltage measurement end of the gas discharge tube, and is electrically connected with the voltage input end of the analog-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit M100, and the voltage signal acquisition circuit M500 includes a high-voltage attenuation probe.

[0113] The current signal acquisition circuit M600 is electrically connected with the current measurement end of the gas discharge tube, and is electrically connected with the current input end of the analog-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit M100, and the current signal acquisition circuit M600 includes a high-precision amplification circuit.

[0114] The microcontroller unit M100 is configured to perform the above-mentioned control method for multi-channel acquisition of gas discharge tube parameters based on the microcontroller unit M100. The microcontroller unit M100 is configured with multiple input / output (I / O) ports and at least one analog-to-digital conversion module. The microcontroller unit M100 serves as the core control component of the system, with functions such as executing program instructions, data processing, timing control, and communication. The multiple I / O ports are used to control peripheral devices such as digital potentiometers M200, relays, etc. The analog-to-digital conversion module (ADC) is used to convert the collected analog voltage and current signals into digital signals for subsequent data analysis and processing. The ARM Cortex-M series, MSP430 series, or other suitable microcontroller unit M100 can be selected. The resolution and sampling rate of the ADC module should meet the requirements of measurement accuracy and speed. Digital potentiometer M200: electrically connected to the microcontroller unit M100 through a digital communication interface, configured to adjust its own resistance value according to the instructions of the microcontroller unit M100. The digital potentiometer M200 serves as a variable resistor, receiving control instructions from the microcontroller unit M100 through a digital communication interface, and adjusting its internal resistance value according to the instructions, thereby changing the size of the output voltage. The digital communication interface can use a two-wire synchronous serial protocol (such as I2C) or other suitable protocol. The resolution and accuracy of the digital potentiometer M200 should meet the requirements of voltage control. Voltage slope adjustment module M300: including multiple resistance-capacitance combinations and multiple voltage slope adjustment relays controlled by the I / O ports of the microcontroller unit M100, the voltage slope adjustment relays are configured to select one or more of the multiple resistance-capacitance combinations. The voltage slope adjustment module M300 is used to control the rising slope of the test voltage. This module is composed of multiple resistance-capacitance (RC) combinations and multiple voltage slope adjustment relays. Different RC combinations have different time constants, so the slope of the voltage rise can be controlled. The voltage slope adjustment relays are controlled by the I / O ports of the microcontroller unit M100, and different RC combinations can be selected to access the circuit, thereby achieving adjustment of the voltage rise slope. Resistors and capacitors with different resistance and capacitance values can be selected, and high-precision, low-temperature drift components can be used to ensure the accuracy and stability of the voltage slope adjustment. High-voltage polarity switching module M400: including multiple high-voltage reed relays controlled by the I / O ports of the microcontroller unit M100, the high-voltage polarity switching module M400 is used to switch the polarity of the test voltage applied to the gas discharge tube, to realize the measurement of the forward and reverse breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube. This module is composed of multiple high-voltage reed relays, and the on-off state of the relays is controlled by the I / O ports of the microcontroller unit M100. The high-voltage reed relay has high voltage resistance and low leakage current, which can meet the requirements of high-voltage testing.The voltage signal acquisition circuit M500 is electrically connected with the voltage measurement end of the gas discharge tube and the voltage input end of the analog-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit M100, and includes a high-voltage attenuation probe. The voltage signal acquisition circuit M500 is used to acquire the voltage signal between the two ends of the gas discharge tube. Since the breakdown voltage is usually high and exceeds the measurable range of the ADC module, a high-voltage attenuation probe is needed to attenuate the voltage signal before transmitting it to the ADC module for acquisition. The high-voltage attenuation probe is a commonly used high-voltage measurement accessory, and its working principle is to attenuate the high-voltage signal by a high-resistance resistance divider network. The current signal acquisition circuit M600 is electrically connected with the current measurement end of the gas discharge tube and the current input end of the analog-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit M100, and includes a high-precision amplification circuit. The current signal acquisition circuit M600 is used to acquire the current signal flowing through the gas discharge tube to calculate the insulation resistance value. Since the current is usually very small, a high-precision amplification circuit is needed to amplify the current signal before transmitting it to the ADC module for acquisition. The high-precision amplification circuit can adopt a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) or other suitable circuit structure. The microcontroller unit M100 is configured to execute a control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on the microcontroller unit M100, so as to realize automatic measurement and control of the gas discharge tube parameters.

[0115] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a control system for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on the microcontroller unit M100. The voltage is adjusted by the digital potentiometer M200, the voltage rising slope is controlled by the voltage slope adjustment module M300, the polarity is switched by the high-voltage polarity switching module M400, and the voltage and current signals are acquired by the voltage signal acquisition circuit M500 and the current signal acquisition circuit M600. Combined with the control and data processing capabilities of the microcontroller unit M100, efficient, accurate and automatic measurement of the gas discharge tube parameters is realized.

[0116] In some embodiments, the control system for measuring parameters of the gas discharge tube based on the multi-channel acquisition of the microcontroller unit M100 further comprises: a multi-channel switching relay group, which is electrically connected to the test end of the plurality of gas discharge tubes and controlled by the I / O port of the microcontroller unit M100. In order to improve the measurement efficiency, the system is configured with a multi-channel switching relay group, which can realize automatic and sequential measurement of a plurality of gas discharge tubes. The multi-channel switching relay group is electrically connected to the test end of the plurality of gas discharge tubes and controlled by the I / O port of the microcontroller unit M100, and can use solid-state relays or mechanical relays. Solid-state relays have the advantages of fast response speed and long service life, while mechanical relays have the advantage of lower cost. Through the multi-channel switching relay group, automatic switching of a plurality of gas discharge tubes can be realized without manual intervention, thereby significantly improving the measurement efficiency. The microcontroller unit M100 can control different relays to be closed in turn through time division multiplexing, thereby connecting different gas discharge tubes to the measurement circuit for testing.

[0117] In some embodiments, the control system for measuring parameters of the gas discharge tube based on the multi-channel acquisition of the microcontroller unit M100 further comprises: an electrode selection relay group, which is electrically connected to the electrodes of the gas discharge tube and controlled by the I / O port of the microcontroller unit M100. In order to realize parameter measurement of different electrode combinations of the gas discharge tube, the system is configured with an electrode selection relay group. The gas discharge tube usually has three electrodes, and in order to comprehensively evaluate its performance, it is necessary to measure the parameters between different electrode combinations. The electrode selection relay group is electrically connected to the electrodes of the gas discharge tube and controlled by the I / O port of the microcontroller unit M100, and by controlling the on-off state of different relays, different electrode combinations can be selected for measurement. For example, six relays can be used to control the connection state of AB, AC, BA, BC, CA, and CB six electrode combinations. The electrode selection relay group can use high-voltage relays to ensure safety and reliability under high-voltage testing. The use of the electrode selection relay group can flexibly select different electrode combinations for parameter measurement, thereby more comprehensively evaluating the performance of the gas discharge tube.

[0118] In the specific implementation process, the system needs to be built to fix three specially designed pins firmly in a position that can accurately contact the electrodes of the gas discharge tube. These pins are made of special materials with high conductivity and high voltage resistance, ensuring stable and reliable signal transmission during measurement. The supporting robotic arm device will automatically pick up the gas discharge tube and place it in the groove. At this time, the base of the fixed pin, with the help of high-precision displacement sensors and intelligent control modules, can automatically move to allow the pin to accurately connect with the electrodes of the gas discharge tube, thereby triggering the start of the measurement process. At the same time, the layout of the circuit is reasonable, and the influence of electromagnetic interference on the measurement results is reduced. Ensure stable electrical connection between each circuit module to avoid short circuit, open circuit and other problems. At the same time, the layout of the circuit is reasonable, and the influence of electromagnetic interference on the measurement results is reduced.

[0119] High-voltage control: The microcontroller unit uses a two-wire synchronous serial protocol, using CS and U / D input pins to send instructions to the digital potentiometer. The working principle of the U / D protocol is that when the CS pin appears falling edge, according to the state of the U / D pin to determine whether to enter the incremental mode or the decrement mode, and move the sliding end on the subsequent rising edge of the U / D pin signal. The value of the sliding end will not overflow or underflow. After receiving the instruction, the digital potentiometer acts as a variable resistor that can be precisely controlled, and adjusts its resistance value according to the instruction to change the voltage division ratio, achieving fine adjustment of the base voltage from 0 to the target voltage value.

[0120] After adjusting the appropriate base voltage, the microcontroller unit sends control commands to the relay according to the pre-set measurement strategy. The relay switches different combinations of carefully selected and matched resistors and capacitors. These resistors and capacitors have high precision and stability. Different resistor and capacitor combinations will change the time constant of the circuit, thereby accurately adjusting the voltage rise slope. For example, when measuring high-voltage gas discharge tubes, appropriately increasing the resistance value and reducing the capacitance value will increase the time constant of the circuit and slow down the voltage rise slope, effectively avoiding premature breakdown or inaccurate measurement of the gas discharge tube due to rapid voltage rise. When measuring low-voltage gas discharge tubes, reducing the resistance value and increasing the capacitance value will reduce the time constant of the circuit and speed up the voltage rise slope. After adjusting the voltage rise slope, the circuit generates high voltage and stably applies it to the gas discharge tube through the pin, achieving accurate measurement of the forward breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube.

[0121] When measuring the reverse breakdown voltage, the microcontroller unit first controls the six-way high-voltage dry reed relay circuit to switch polarity. For example, Figure 6As shown, the six-way high-voltage dry reed relay circuit, through a specific connection mode and control logic, changes the voltage polarity applied to the gas discharge tube under the control of the microcontroller unit, switching the forward voltage to the reverse voltage. After completing the polarity switching, the voltage setting, adjustment, and slope adjustment steps during the forward breakdown voltage measurement are repeated. The microcontroller unit precisely controls the rising process of the reverse voltage and captures the instantaneous voltage value of the reverse breakdown of the gas discharge tube, thereby ensuring accurate measurement of the reverse breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube.

[0122] Multi-channel acquisition: As shown in Figure 7 At the moment of high-voltage breakdown of the gas discharge tube, the ADC reads the current voltage. The microcontroller unit sends control instructions to the digital potentiometer through the two-wire synchronous serial protocol, accurately adjusting its resistance value to accurately amplify the voltage. At the same time, the microcontroller unit also uses the I / O port to control the relay to switch different resistance and capacitance combinations to form an effective filter circuit to filter out interference signals in the circuit, improving the stability and accuracy of the voltage signal. The processed voltage signal is then converted to a low voltage of 0-3.3V through a 1000:1 attenuation probe and delivered to the ADC channel of the microcontroller unit for analog-to-digital conversion. This greatly reduces measurement error and ensures the accuracy of the breakdown voltage measurement results.

[0123] For insulation resistance measurement, as shown in Figure 8 The microcontroller unit controls the relay through the I / O port to apply a stable test voltage to the gas discharge tube. The collected voltage signal is converted to a current value through circuit relationships.

[0124] Data analysis: The microcontroller unit uses Ohm's law to accurately calculate the insulation resistance value of the gas discharge tube based on the measured applied voltage and collected current data, and then compares this value with the set measurement standard to determine whether the insulation performance meets the standard component parameters.

[0125] By incorporating the use of microcontroller units to control digital potentiometers and relays, this measurement method has shown significant advantages in measuring gas discharge tube parameters. In terms of voltage control, it achieves more accurate voltage regulation and more flexible voltage rise slope adjustment, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. In terms of signal processing, the data obtained by the microcontroller unit is more stable and accurate, thereby improving the credibility of the measurement results. This technology integration fully utilizes the powerful control capabilities of the microcontroller unit and the flexible characteristics of the digital potentiometer and relay, further enhancing the performance of the entire measurement system and fully meeting the demand for high-precision and high-efficiency measurement of gas discharge tubes in industrial production.

[0126] The above is further detailed description of the present application in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and cannot be deemed as limitation of the specific implementation of the present application to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of simple deductions or substitutions can be made, and all should be deemed as falling within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit, characterized in that: include: receiving a test instruction, wherein the test instruction includes test parameters for at least one gas discharge tube; Controlling a digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value according to the voltage output parameter in the test parameter; controlling a relay group to switch one or more of a plurality of resistor-capacitor combinations electrically connected to the relay group according to a voltage slope parameter in the test parameter; applying a test voltage to the gas discharge tube via the digital potentiometer and the selected resistor and capacitor combination, wherein a rate of increase of the test voltage is determined by the selected resistor and capacitor combination; controlling a high-voltage reed relay array to set or switch the polarity of the test voltage applied to the gas discharge tube; During the process of applying the test voltage to the gas discharge tube, the microcontroller unit collects the voltage signal and / or current signal of the gas discharge tube through an analog-to-digital conversion module; determining a breakdown voltage value of the gas discharge tube based on the collected voltage signal, and / or calculating an insulation resistance value of the gas discharge tube based on the collected current signal and the applied test voltage; The breakdown voltage value and / or the insulation resistance value are compared with a preset measurement standard to determine the performance of the gas discharge tube, and a determination result is output.

2. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The microcontroller unit controls the digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value through a two-wire synchronous serial protocol.

3. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes the microcontroller unit performing the following calibration operations when the digital potentiometer is initialized: Adjusting each resistance level of the digital potentiometer one by one; The actual output voltage value corresponding to each resistance level is collected in real time by the analog-to-digital conversion module; Comparing each of the collected actual output voltage values ​​with the corresponding theoretical linear voltage value, and calculating the absolute value of the difference between the two as an error; as well as Based on the error, a calibration lookup table is established, wherein the calibration lookup table stores a correspondence between the theoretical linear voltage value and the setting value of the digital potentiometer.

4. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the microcontroller unit controls the digital potentiometer to adjust its own resistance value, it searches the calibration lookup table for a theoretical linear voltage value closest to the target output voltage value, obtains the corresponding digital potentiometer setting value, and sends the setting value to the digital potentiometer.

5. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the microcontroller unit collects the voltage signal through the analog-to-digital conversion module, when the gas discharge tube breaks down, it collects the voltage signal attenuated by a high-voltage attenuation probe, and the high-voltage attenuation probe attenuates the voltage signal to a measurable voltage range of the analog-to-digital conversion module.

6. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the microcontroller unit collects the current signal through the analog-to-digital conversion module to calculate the insulation resistance value, after applying a stable DC test voltage to the gas discharge tube, it collects the current signal amplified by a high-precision amplifier circuit.

7. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test instruction includes test parameters for a plurality of gas discharge tubes. After receiving the test instruction, the microcontroller unit further controls a multi-way switching relay group to sequentially select different gas discharge tubes.

8. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before applying the test voltage to the gas discharge tube, the microcontroller unit also controls an electrode selection relay group to select a specific test electrode combination of the gas discharge tube, where the specific test electrode combination is one of AB, AC, BA, BC, CA or CB.

9. The control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test parameters also include a reverse breakdown voltage test parameter. When performing the reverse breakdown voltage test, the microcontroller unit controls the high-voltage reed relay array to switch the polarity of the test voltage to a reverse polarity.

10. A control system for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit, characterized in that: include: Microcontroller unit: configured with multiple input / output ports and at least one analog-to-digital conversion module; A digital potentiometer: electrically connected to the microcontroller unit via a digital communication interface, and configured to adjust its own resistance value according to instructions from the microcontroller unit; a voltage slope adjustment module comprising a plurality of resistor-capacitor combinations and a plurality of voltage slope adjustment relays controlled by the input / output ports of the microcontroller unit, wherein the voltage slope adjustment relays are configured to select one or more of the plurality of resistor-capacitor combinations; High voltage polarity switching module: comprising a plurality of high voltage reed relays controlled by the input / output ports of the microcontroller unit; Voltage signal acquisition circuit: electrically connected to the voltage measurement terminal of the gas discharge tube and to the voltage input terminal of the analog-to-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit, the voltage signal acquisition circuit including a high-voltage attenuation probe; Current signal acquisition circuit: electrically connected to the current measurement terminal of the gas discharge tube and to the current input terminal of the analog-to-digital conversion module of the microcontroller unit, the current signal acquisition circuit including a high-precision amplification circuit; The microcontroller unit is configured to execute the control method for multi-channel acquisition and measurement of gas discharge tube parameters based on a microcontroller unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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