Multi-stack fuel cell system power distribution method based on stack recession consistency

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-stack fuel cell system power distribution method based on stack decline consistency, which mainly reduces the hydrogen consumption of a multi-stack fuel cell system, improves the economy of the multi-stack fuel cell system, delays the voltage decline of the multi-stack fuel cell system and prolongs the service life. According to the method, a multi-stack fuel cell system and a stack recession model are constructed, and the optimal online number of stacks is determined according to the required power at the current moment, so that the distributed power of each stack is determined; on the premise of meeting the power requirement, the electric piles with the optimal number are started and all work near the optimal efficiency point, so that the economical efficiency of the multi-pile fuel cell system is improved; and meanwhile, the recession consistency of each electric pile after long-time operation is ensured, and the service life of the multi-pile fuel cell system is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a power distribution method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency. Background Art

[0002] As the aviation industry continues to flourish, its contribution to total carbon emissions is increasing. By 2050, aviation will account for over 25% of global CO2 emissions. Developing new energy and green aviation is an inevitable choice for achieving efficient and sustainable development in the aviation industry. Fuel cell systems, owing to their clean, pollution-free nature and high power density, have attracted widespread attention and have become a potential development direction for electric propulsion systems in aviation. Fuel cell systems already in use in low-power aircraft such as drones primarily consist of a fuel cell stack, auxiliary energy storage components, and a supporting converter. However, the low fault tolerance, durability, and operating efficiency of single-stack fuel cell systems limit their application in high-power electric propulsion systems. Compared to single-stack systems, multi-stack fuel cell systems offer greater flexibility, providing higher output power and superior system performance while offering a wider efficient operating range and more flexible power distribution.

[0003] Traditional power allocation strategies for multi-stack fuel cell systems include chain allocation and average allocation. The core of the chain allocation strategy is to minimize the number of operating fuel cell stacks and allocate power in sequence according to the required power level. When the current fuel cell stack reaches its maximum output power, the next fuel cell stack is started until the load power demand is reached or all fuel cells are started. The average allocation strategy is to evenly distribute the required power to each fuel cell stack when the number of fuel cell stacks in use is fixed. In this case, each fuel cell stack has the same operating time, and bears the same load power and power fluctuations.

[0004] The traditional strategies in the existing technology are not suitable for complex working conditions, and it is difficult to achieve optimal control of multi-stack fuel cell systems, and the hydrogen consumption of multi-stack fuel cell systems is high. In the chain distribution strategy, only the first stack reaches the maximum efficiency. As the number of stacks started increases, the system efficiency drops significantly; the average distribution strategy still starts all stacks in the low power range and makes each stack run at a lower power, resulting in low system efficiency. Both of the above strategies are not conducive to reducing hydrogen consumption, resulting in poor system economy; at the same time, the existing technology does not consider the multi-objective optimization problem of the real-time optimal number of online units of the multi-stack fuel cell system and the consistency of the stack voltage decay; the number of online working units will affect the subsequent power distribution and the hydrogen consumption of the multi-stack fuel cell system, and the inconsistent stack decay will also affect the service life of the system. Therefore, there is a need for a power distribution method for a multi-stack fuel cell system that achieves optimal control according to the target power demand.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a power allocation method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on the consistency of stack degradation, which can start the optimal number of stacks while meeting the power demand, and make them all work near the optimal efficiency point, thereby improving the system economy; at the same time, it delays voltage degradation and ensures the consistency of the degradation of each stack after long-term operation, thereby extending the system life. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, reduce the hydrogen consumption of the multi-stack fuel cell system, improve the economy of the multi-stack fuel cell system, and at the same time delay the voltage degradation of the multi-stack fuel cell system and increase the service life, the present invention proposes a power distribution method for the multi-stack fuel cell system based on the consistency of the stack degradation.

[0007] A power allocation method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Build a multi-stack fuel cell system;

[0009] The multi-stack fuel cell system includes N fuel cells connected in parallel; each fuel cell is identical; each fuel cell includes a stack, an auxiliary energy storage element and a boost converter; each stack is connected to a DC bus via a boost converter;

[0010] Step 2: Establish a fuel cell stack degradation model based on a multi-stack fuel cell system;

[0011] The stack degradation model includes stack output voltage, stack aging drop voltage, stack standby degradation voltage, stack switching degradation voltage and stack total degradation voltage;

[0012] Step 3: Determine the optimal number of online fuel cell stacks based on the current power demand;

[0013] Step 4: Select the stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system according to the optimal number of online stacks, and obtain the "startup" set and the "standby" set. The number of "startup" sets in the "standby" set is n. k The stack is the stack that should be started at time k;

[0014] Step 5: Calculate the power borne by each fuel cell in the "startup" set based on the optimal number of online fuel cells and the fuel cells in the "startup" set.

[0015] Furthermore, the stack output voltage for:

[0016] (1)

[0017] Where, is the Nernst voltage, is the stack activation loss, is the stack ohmic loss, is the stack concentration loss;

[0018] The voltage of the stack decreases with aging for:

[0019] (2)

[0020] In the formula is the running time, the unit of running time is h, is the first aging coefficient; is the second aging coefficient, The value is -7.339×10 -6 ; The value is -1.594×10 -2 ;

[0021] The stack standby decay voltage for:

[0022] (3)

[0023] In the formula is the decay rate, and the decay rate is 8.662 , is the standby time;

[0024] The stack switching decay voltage is , =0.4185 ;

[0025] The total decay voltage of the stack for:

[0026] (4)

[0027] in, The number of state transitions.

[0028] Furthermore, the process of determining the optimal number of online fuel cell stacks is as follows:

[0029] The power demand at time k is P k , calculate the ratio n of the required power at time k to the optimal power corresponding to the optimal efficiency point of the fuel cell:

[0030] (5)

[0031] Among them, P opt The optimal power corresponding to the optimal efficiency point of the fuel cell;

[0032] nSatisfaction , The value of n rounded down; The value of n rounded up;

[0033] The power of the corresponding battery stack is ; The corresponding power of the battery stack is , and for:

[0034] (6)

[0035] When the power is When the efficiency of the fuel cell for:

[0036] (7)

[0037] When the power is When the efficiency of the fuel cell for:

[0038] (8)

[0039] Where m is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the multi-stack fuel cell system, L is the lower calorific value of hydrogen; and The size of , then the optimal number of online stacks at time k is n k = ;like , then the optimal number of online stacks at time k is n k = .

[0040] Furthermore, the process of obtaining the "start" set and the "standby" set is:

[0041] The optimal number of online fuel cell stacks in a multi-stack fuel cell system at time k-1 is n k-1 ; The optimal number of online fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system at the current k moment is n k The remaining fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system are in standby mode.

[0042] The net increase in the number of fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system from time k-1 to time k is:

[0043] (9)

[0044] The total number of fuel cell stacks in a multi-stack fuel cell system is N. If the jth fuel cell stack is online, the startup cost of the jth fuel cell stack at time k is for: ; is the total decay voltage of the stack;

[0045] If the jth stack is in standby state, the startup cost of the jth stack at time k is for: ; 1≤ j ≤N; where, is the total decay voltage of the stack, Switch the decay voltage for the battery stack;

[0046] Dividing the fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system into online fuel cell stacks and standby fuel cell stacks, and sorting the online fuel cell stacks and the standby fuel cell stacks according to the magnitude of the total fuel cell stack decay voltage;

[0047] like , then select the one with the least total decay voltage among the standby stacks. The platform is placed in the "startup" collection; if , then select the one with the highest total decay voltage among the online stacks. The station is placed in the "Standby" collection;

[0048] Put the remaining stacks in the online stack and the remaining stacks in the standby stack into the "to be allocated" collection and allocate them according to the startup cost of the stack. Sort by

[0049] According to the sorted "to be allocated" set, if >0, then pick the one with the lowest startup cost The selected stacks are placed in the "Start" set, and the remaining stacks in the "To be allocated" set are placed in the "Standby" set; if , then pick the one with the smallest startup cost The power stacks in the "Start" set are placed in the "Startup" set, and the remaining stacks in the "To be allocated" set are placed in the "Standby" set; finally, the stacks in the "Startup" set are placed in the "Standby" set. The stack is the stack that should be started at time k.

[0050] Furthermore, the steps to calculate the power borne by each stack in the "start" set are:

[0051] The total number of battery stacks is N. At the current time k, the required power is , the number of online stacks is n k , 1≤n k ≤N, the power borne by each battery stack is , the efficiency of each fuel cell is , 1≤i≤n k , L is the lower calorific value of hydrogen, then the hydrogen consumption of the i-th stack is for:

[0052] (10)

[0053] Hydrogen consumption function of a multi-stack fuel cell system at time k for:

[0054] (11)

[0055] The constraints satisfied by formula (11) are:

[0056] (12)

[0057] Construct the Lagrangian function F as:

[0058] (13)

[0059] Taking the first-order partial derivative of the function, we get:

[0060] (14)

[0061] Will Substituting into the expression (14) we have:

[0062] (15)

[0063] Where a and b are constants, is the Lagrange multiplier; Equation (15) is valid if and only if There is a solution when each stack is operating near the optimal efficiency point, and the output power of each stack is:

[0064] (16)

[0065] In summary, the required power at time k is determined by the selected Each stack bears the same power, and the power of each stack is .

[0066] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the present application determines the number of online stacks according to the demand power at the current moment, avoids the problem of increasing the operation cost of the multi-stack fuel cell system caused by starting too many stacks in the low power interval, compared with the chain distribution strategy and the average distribution strategy, the hydrogen consumption of the multi-stack fuel cell system of the present application is reduced by 6.6% and 11.3% respectively, and the economy of the multi-stack fuel cell system is improved; the present application preferentially starts the stacks with less degradation according to the degradation difference between the stacks, and makes the stacks with more degradation into standby state, thereby delaying the voltage degradation and ensuring the consistency of the stack degradation after long time operation, avoiding the problem of inconsistent degradation or even shutdown and maintenance caused by frequent start-stop and long time operation of a single stack, improving the output capacity of the multi-stack fuel cell system, and effectively prolonging the service life of the multi-stack fuel cell system; at the same time, the present application has good balancing effect on the stacks with large degradation difference in the multi-stack fuel cell system, and the test results show that after a period of operation, the degradation between the stacks tends to be consistent again using the method of the present application; the power output device used in the present application is for the multi-stack fuel cell system, which is beneficial to reduce carbon emissions and realize efficient and sustainable development of the aviation industry, and the present application adopts the structure of multiple fuel cells in parallel, realizes fault tolerance through the redundancy of the stacks, and improves the reliability and durability of the multi-stack fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 The flow chart of the multi-stack fuel cell system power distribution method based on stack degradation consistency of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0068] Figure 2 The architecture diagram of the multi-stack fuel cell system of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0069] Figure 3 The efficiency curve of the fuel cell in the present application is shown in the figure;

[0070] Figure 4 The flow chart of the stack selection method in the present application is shown in the figure;

[0071] Figure 5 The aircraft demand power curve in the present application is shown in the figure;

[0072] Figure 6 The power distribution result in the present application is shown in the figure; (a) is the FC1 power curve; (b) is the FC2 power curve; (c) is the FC3 power curve; (d) is the FC4 power curve; (e) is the FC5 power curve; (f) is the FC6 power curve;

[0073] Figure 7 The stack degradation voltage growth curve in the present application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0075] The power distribution method of the multi-stack fuel cell system based on the consistency of stack degradation comprises the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: Constructing a multi-stack fuel cell system;

[0077] The multi-stack fuel cell system comprises N parallel fuel cells; each fuel cell is identical; each fuel cell comprises a stack, an auxiliary energy storage element and a boost converter; each stack is connected to a DC bus through a boost converter; the parallel structure of the multi-stack fuel cell system improves the reliability and enables independent control of each stack;

[0078] Step 2: Establishing a stack degradation model;

[0079] The stack degradation model comprises a stack output voltage, a stack aging drop voltage, a stack standby degradation voltage, a stack switching degradation voltage and a stack total degradation voltage;

[0080] The stack output voltage is:

[0081] (1)

[0082] In the formula, is the Nernst voltage, is the stack activation loss, is the stack ohmic loss, is the stack concentration difference loss;

[0083] As the running time of the stack increases, the performance of the stack will decrease, and the stack aging drop voltage due to aging under the rated running state of the stack is:

[0084] (2)

[0085] In the formula is the running time, the unit of which is h, is the first aging coefficient; is the second aging coefficient, the value of which is -7.339×10 -6 ; the value of which is -1.594×10 -2 ;

[0086] The stack standby degradation voltage under standby state is:

[0087] (3) ​​​

[0088] In the formula is the recession rate, take 8.662 , Standby time;

[0089] In addition to the standby decay voltage generated by the normal operation of the stack, each time the stack switches from the standby state to the rated power operation state, it will also cause the voltage to decay. The stack switching decay voltage generated by each state transition is , =0.4185 ;

[0090] Total decay voltage of the stack for:

[0091] (4)

[0092] in, is the number of state transitions;

[0093] Step 3: Determine the optimal number of online fuel cell stacks that meet the power requirements at the current moment based on the fuel cell stack degradation model;

[0094] The power demand at time k is P k for:

[0095] (5)

[0096] Among them, P opt The optimal power corresponding to the optimal efficiency point of the fuel cell;

[0097] nSatisfaction , The value of n rounded down; The value of n rounded up;

[0098] The power of the battery stack corresponding to the rounded-down value is ; The power of the battery stack corresponding to the rounded-up value is , and for:

[0099] (6)

[0100] When the power is When the efficiency of the fuel cell for:

[0101] (7)

[0102] When the power is When the fuel cell efficiency for:

[0103] (8)

[0104] Where m is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the multi-stack fuel cell system, L is the lower calorific value of hydrogen; since the efficiency curve of the fuel cell has the best efficiency point and the best output power P opt In order to reduce the hydrogen consumption of the multi-stack fuel cell system, as many fuel cells as possible should be operated near the optimal efficiency point; and The size of , then the optimal number of online stacks at time k is n k = ;like , then the optimal number of online stacks at time k is n k = ;

[0105] Step 4: Select the stack according to the optimal number of online stacks to obtain the "startup" set and the "standby" set. k The stack is the stack that should be started at time k;

[0106] From step 3, the number of online fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system at time k-1 is n. k-1 ; At the current time k, the number of online fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system is n k , the remaining fuel cells are in standby mode; the net increase in the number of fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system from time k-1 to time k is:

[0107] (9)

[0108] The total number of fuel cell stacks in a multi-stack fuel cell system is N. If the jth fuel cell stack is online, the startup cost of the jth fuel cell stack at time k is for: ;

[0109] If the jth stack is in standby state, the startup cost of the jth stack at time k is for: ;1≤ j ≤N;

[0110] The steps to select the battery stack and obtain the "start" set and "standby" set are as follows:

[0111] Dividing the fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system into online fuel cell stacks and standby fuel cell stacks, and sorting the online fuel cell stacks and the standby fuel cell stacks according to the magnitude of the total fuel cell stack decay voltage;

[0112] like , then select the one with the least total decay voltage among the standby stacks. The platform is placed in the "startup" collection; if , then select the one with the highest total decay voltage among the online stacks. The station is placed in the "Standby" collection;

[0113] Put the remaining stacks in the online stack and the remaining stacks in the standby stack into the "to be allocated" collection and allocate them according to the startup cost of the stack. Sort by

[0114] According to the sorted "to be allocated" set, >0, then pick the one with the lowest startup cost The selected stacks are placed in the "Start" set, and the remaining stacks in the "To be allocated" set are placed in the "Standby" set; if , then pick the one with the smallest startup cost The power stacks in the "Start" set are placed in the "Startup" set, and the remaining stacks in the "To be allocated" set are placed in the "Standby" set; finally, the stacks in the "Startup" set are placed in the "Standby" set. The stack is the stack that should be started at time k;

[0115] The method of selecting the fuel cell stack is based on the difference in fuel cell stack degradation. The fuel cell stack with less degradation is started first to meet the required power, while the fuel cell stack with more degradation will be switched to standby mode to delay degradation, thereby ensuring the consistency of fuel cell stack degradation after long-term operation, which is beneficial to extending the life of the multi-stack fuel cell system.

[0116] Step 5: Calculate the power borne by each stack in the "startup" set based on the optimal number of online stacks and the stacks in the "startup" set;

[0117] The steps to calculate the power borne by each stack in the "start" set are:

[0118] The total power of the battery stack must meet the power demand at the current moment. Under the premise of consistent parameters and aging status, the optimal power output under the required power is solved by Lagrange number multiplication;

[0119] The total number of battery stacks is N. At the current time k, the required power is , the number of online stacks is n k , 1≤n k ≤N, the power borne by each battery stack is , the efficiency of each fuel cell is , 1≤i≤n k , L is the lower calorific value of hydrogen, then the hydrogen consumption of the i-th stack is for:

[0120] (10)

[0121] Hydrogen consumption function of a multi-stack fuel cell system at time k for:

[0122] (11)

[0123] The constraints satisfied by formula (11) are:

[0124] (12)

[0125] Construct the Lagrangian function F as:

[0126] (13)

[0127] Taking the first-order partial derivative of the function, we get:

[0128] (14)

[0129] Since the hydrogen consumption function is consistent with the first-order derivative, substitute In the expression, it is converted into:

[0130] (15)

[0131] Where a and b are constants, is the Lagrange multiplier; Equation (15) is valid if and only if There is a solution when each battery stack is operating near the optimal efficiency point, and the output power is:

[0132] (16)

[0133] In summary, the required power at time k is determined by the selected Each stack bears the same power, and the power of each stack is .

[0134] In one embodiment of the present invention, a multi-stack fuel cell system comprising six fuel cells with a maximum power of 100 kW and an optimal output power of 34 kW provides power to a load. Figure 5 is the load power demand, the total duration is 1710s; Figure 6 Assign results to power; Figure 7 The decay voltage growth curves of the six stacks are shown in Figure 2. Figure 6It can be seen that the stack operates near the optimal efficiency point and is in standby mode for the rest of the time. For example, in the time period from 744 to 779 seconds, the power demand is above 180kW. FC3 and FC4 have experienced the least degradation before this, so they are started first, until all 6 stacks are online and operating near the optimal efficiency point. Then, in the time period from 780 to 870 seconds, the fuel cell power continues to drop below 70 kW, and the number of online stacks decreases. FC5, due to the greatest degradation, is the first to switch to standby mode, followed by FC6, FC1, FC2, and finally FC3 and FC4 continue to work. Figure 7 It can be seen that the decay voltage of the six stacks maintains a roughly consistent growth. Table 1 compares the effects of the power distribution method of the present invention with those of chain distribution and average distribution. It can be seen that hydrogen consumption is reduced by 6.6% and 11.3%, respectively, effectively improving system fuel economy. The power distribution method of the present invention reduces the variance of voltage decay by 97.7% compared to chain distribution, and reduces stack voltage decay by 43.8% compared to average distribution. This indicates that the distribution method of the present invention delays voltage decay while maintaining decay consistency, effectively extending system life.

[0135] Table 1 Comparison of voltage decay and system hydrogen consumption between the power distribution method of the present invention and the traditional distribution method

[0136]

Claims

1. A power allocation method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Build a multi-stack fuel cell system; The multi-stack fuel cell system includes N fuel cells connected in parallel; each fuel cell is identical; each fuel cell includes a stack, an auxiliary energy storage element and a boost converter; each stack is connected to a DC bus via a boost converter; Step 2: Establish a fuel cell stack degradation model based on a multi-stack fuel cell system; The stack degradation model includes stack output voltage, stack aging drop voltage, stack standby degradation voltage, stack switching degradation voltage and stack total degradation voltage; Step 3: Determine the optimal number of online fuel cell stacks based on the current power demand; Step 4: Select the stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system according to the optimal number of online stacks, and obtain the "startup" set and the "standby" set. k The stack is the stack that should be started at time k; Step 5: Based on the optimal number of online fuel cells and the fuel cells in the "startup" set, calculate the power borne by each fuel cell in the "startup" set.

2. The power allocation method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stack output voltage for: (1) Where, is the Nernst voltage, is the stack activation loss, is the stack ohmic loss, is the stack concentration loss; The voltage of the stack decreases with aging for: (2) In the formula is the running time, the unit of running time is h, is the first aging coefficient; is the second aging coefficient, The value is -7.339×10 -6 ; The value is -1.594×10 -2 ; The stack standby decay voltage for: (3) In the formula is the decay rate, and the decay rate is 8.662 , Standby time; The stack switching decay voltage is , =0.4185 ; The total decay voltage of the stack for: (4) in, The number of state transitions.

3. The power allocation method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the optimal number of online stacks is as follows: The power demand at time k is , calculate the ratio n of the required power at time k to the optimal power corresponding to the optimal efficiency point of the fuel cell: (5) in The optimal power corresponding to the optimal efficiency point of the fuel cell; nSatisfaction , The value of n rounded down; The value of n rounded up; The power of the corresponding battery stack is ; The corresponding power of the battery stack is , and for: (6) When the power of the battery stack is When the efficiency of the fuel cell for: (7) When the power of the battery stack is When the efficiency of the fuel cell for: (8) Where m is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the multi-stack fuel cell system, L is the lower calorific value of hydrogen; and The size of , then the optimal number of online stacks at time k is n k = ;like , then the optimal number of online stacks at time k is n k = .

4. The power allocation method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of obtaining the "start" set and the "standby" set is: The optimal number of online fuel cell stacks in a multi-stack fuel cell system at time k-1 is n k-1 ; The optimal number of online fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system at the current k moment is n k The remaining fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system are in standby mode. The net increase in the number of fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system from time k-1 to time k is: (9) The total number of fuel cell stacks in a multi-stack fuel cell system is N. If the jth fuel cell stack is online, the startup cost of the jth fuel cell stack at time k is for: ;in is the total decay voltage of the stack; If the jth stack is in standby state, the startup cost of the jth stack at time k is for: ; where 1≤ j ≤N; where, is the total decay voltage of the stack, Switch the decay voltage for the battery stack; Dividing the fuel cell stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell system into online fuel cell stacks and standby fuel cell stacks, and sorting the online fuel cell stacks and the standby fuel cell stacks according to the magnitude of the total fuel cell stack decay voltage; like , then select the one with the least total decay voltage among the standby stacks. The platform is placed in the "startup" collection; if , then select the one with the highest total decay voltage among the online stacks. The station is placed in the "Standby" collection; Put the remaining stacks in the online stack and the remaining stacks in the standby stack into the "to be allocated" collection and allocate them according to the startup cost of the stack. Sort by According to the sorted "to be allocated" set, if >0, then pick the one with the lowest startup cost The selected stacks are placed in the "Start" set, and the remaining stacks in the "To be allocated" set are placed in the "Standby" set; if , then pick the one with the smallest startup cost The stacks in the "Start" set are placed in the "Startup" set, and the remaining stacks in the "To be allocated" set are placed in the "Standby" set; finally, the stacks in the "Startup" set are placed in the "Standby" set. The stack is the stack that should be started at time k.

5. The power allocation method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps to calculate the power borne by each stack in the "start" set are: The total number of battery stacks is N. At the current time k, the required power is , the number of online stacks is n k , 1≤n k ≤N, the power borne by each battery stack is , the efficiency of each fuel cell is , 1≤i≤n k , L is the lower calorific value of hydrogen, then the hydrogen consumption of the i-th stack is for: (10) Hydrogen consumption function of a multi-stack fuel cell system at time k for: (11) The constraints satisfied by formula (11) are: (12) Construct the Lagrangian function F as: (13) Taking the first-order partial derivative of the Lagrangian function, we get: (14) Will Substituting into the expression (14) we have: (15) Where a and b are constants, is the Lagrange multiplier; Equation (15) is valid if and only if There is a solution when each stack is operating near the optimal efficiency point, and the output power of each stack is: (16) In summary, the required power at time k is determined by the selected Each stack bears the same power, and the power of each stack is .

6. A terminal device comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory; characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the multi-stack fuel cell system power allocation method based on stack degradation consistency according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program; wherein: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the power distribution method for a multi-stack fuel cell system based on stack degradation consistency according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

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