Red banana dwarfing cultivation method

Abstract

The invention provides a dwarfing cultivation method for red bananas, and relates to the field of tropical crops. The red banana dwarfing cultivation method comprises the following steps that (1) a triangular wide-narrow row double-row planting mode is adopted in a planting area, the wide row width is 3-4 m, the narrow row width is 1.5-2.5 m, and the plant spacing is 2-2.5 m; the planting density of the red bananas is 100-150 plants per mu; (2) when the red banana plants reach three periods of 1.2-1.5 m, 1.8-2.0 m and 2.2-2.5 m in height, paclobutrazol is applied respectively, and the application amount of the paclobutrazol is 4-8 g / plant in each period. A triangular wide-narrow-row double-row planting mode is adopted, a certain amount of paclobutrazol is applied at a specific time, red banana plants treated through the cultivation method are effectively dwarfed, the growth period of the red bananas is shortened, the economic cost is reduced, the morbidity of red banana wilt is reduced, the production efficiency of the red bananas is improved, and the economic benefit of the red bananas is increased. Meanwhile, the production of high-quality red bananas is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tropical crops, in particular to a dwarfing cultivation method of red banana. BACKGROUND

[0002] Red banana M. Morando AAA, named for its red leaf sheath, petiole, midrib and pericarp, is also known as South Asian red banana, red banana, red purple banana and coffee banana in China. Red banana is a rare and high-quality banana variety with a place in the high-end fruit market in China. It is a good gift for the South Festival of Ancestors, relatives and friends, an important landmark product in tropical tourist cities, and an important variety for expanding the market of banana specialty varieties and breaking the single status of traditional cultivation of banana varieties. However, red banana has a long growth cycle, is prone to be damaged by typhoons when planted out of season, has low yield and is highly susceptible to fusarium wilt, and has high planting risks, which are important factors restricting the development of the red banana industry. How to use science and technology to drive industrial restructuring, promote industrial technology upgrading, and innovate banana cultivation modes will become a new goal for the development of the banana industry and the characteristic red banana industry under the new situation. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of this, the present application provides a dwarfing cultivation method of red banana.

[0004] Studies have shown that the target enzyme of paclobutrazol is taxadiene oxidase, which blocks the biosynthesis of gibberellin precursors-sterols and slows down cell longitudinal elongation, resulting in shortened internodes, dwarfed plants, and affected plant physiological structure. Paclobutrazol can reduce the content of endogenous gibberellin and IAA (indole acetic acid), increase the content of endogenous ABA (abscisic acid) and ethylene, and increase the activity of peroxidase and indole acetic acid oxidase to control plant growth.

[0005] In this study, paclobutrazol was used to dwarf red banana, combined with a triangular wide and narrow row double row planting mode, and the effects of the mode on plant growth, fruit quality and economic benefits were studied, in order to solve the problems of low yield and large-scale outbreak of fusarium wilt in the off-season planting of red banana in southern China. It is of great significance to enrich banana cultivation varieties and produce high-quality red banana.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is as follows: A dwarfing cultivation method of red banana, comprising the following steps: (1) A triangular wide and narrow row double row planting mode is adopted in the planting area, the wide row is 3-4 m wide, the narrow row is 1.5-2.5 m wide, and the plant spacing is 2-2.5 m; the planting density of red banana is 100-150 plants per mu; (2) when the red banana plant height reaches 1.2-1.5m, 1.8-2.0m, 2.2-2.5m three periods, respectively, apply paclobutrazol, and the application amount of each period is 4-8g / plant.

[0007] Further, the row direction of the red banana is east-west.

[0008] Further, the triangular wide-narrow row double-row planting mode is adopted, the wide row is 3.5m wide, the narrow row is 2m wide, the plant spacing is 2.2m, and the planting density is 122 plants per mu.

[0009] Further, the application time of paclobutrazol is selected in the morning from 9:30 to 10:30 when the weather is sunny and the dew evaporates.

[0010] Further, the dilution multiple of paclobutrazol is 150-250 times.

[0011] Further, paclobutrazol is applied in the form of a shower head.

[0012] Further, when the red banana plant height reaches 1.2-1.5m, 4.5-5.5g / plant of paclobutrazol is applied; when the red banana plant height reaches 1.8-2.0m, 7-8g / plant of paclobutrazol is applied; when the red banana plant height reaches 2.2-2.5m, 4.5-5.5g / plant of paclobutrazol is applied.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: The triangular wide-narrow row double-row planting mode is adopted, a certain amount of paclobutrazol is applied at a specific time, the red banana plant treated by the cultivation method has the advantages of effectively dwarfing the red banana plant, shortening the growth period of the red banana, reducing the economic cost, reducing the incidence of red banana fusarium wilt, improving the production efficiency of the red banana, and being beneficial to the production of high-quality red banana. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a triangular wide-narrow double-row planting schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 2 It is the influence of paclobutrazol application treatment on the height of the false stem. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present application are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; The materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present application can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0016] Embodiment-Red banana dwarfing cultivation method 1. Materials and methods 1.1 Test site conditions The test site is located in Changjiang Li Autonomous County in the southwest of Hainan Province (east longitude 108°38', north latitude 18°53'), with relatively high temperature, less wind, annual average temperature 24.3℃, and abundant rainfall, which is an ideal location for red banana planting. Ploughing, land drying and digging holes start in August, planting starts in October, and harvesting is carried out between December of the following year and February of the next year. The test field is divided into 10 small areas of equal area for repeated and control tests.

[0017] 1.2 Test materials The main red banana variety currently planted in Hainan is medium-stem red banana, which has certain drought resistance, but is a high-susceptible variety of fusarium wilt, with a whole growth period of 12.5-14 months, a yield of 15-30 kg, a dark red peel, and a sweet and smooth pulp. The first generation of red banana tissue culture seedlings was provided by Hainan Hot Work Two Institutes Seed Science and Technology Co., Ltd., and the rest were the first generation of red banana tissue culture seedlings. 1.3 Test method 1.3.1 Red banana cultivation The test site is divided into 5 plots, and in each plot, test areas and control areas are set up. The triangular wide-narrow row double-row planting pattern is used in the plot (wide row width 3.5m, narrow row width 2m, plant spacing 2.2m, planting density 122 plants per mu, and row direction east-west). Figure 1

[0018] When the experimental red banana plant height reaches 1.2-1.5m, 1.8-2.0m, and 2.2-2.5m, respectively, at 10 o'clock in the morning on a sunny day, the test site banana is treated with a misting method using paclobutrazol, and the application concentration is shown in Table 1. The control group is not treated.

[0019] Table 1 Red banana application drug treatment table

[0020] 1.3.2 Measurement method According to the technical requirements and methods specified in "Crop Germplasm Resource Identification Technical Regulations Banana" (NY / T 1319-2007) and "Banana Germplasm Resource Description Specification" (NY / T 1689-2009), the agronomic traits of red banana such as pseudostem height, pseudostem circumference, leaf number, petiole length, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescence length, inflorescence width, fruit index, fruit comb number, fruit index length, fruit index width, fruit stalk length, and fruit stalk width are measured. Planting, budding, and harvesting times are recorded, fusarium wilt incidence is determined according to the standard specified in "Banana Fusarium Wilt Detection Specification" (GB / T35339-2017), and fertilizer and pesticide input is counted.

[0021] 1.3.3 Data analysis ​This study selected the experimental site in Changjiang, Hainan, and the growth cycle, plant height, per mu yield, plant yield, single fruit weight, single plant fertilizer cost, Data collation and calculation of quantitative and qualitative traits, such as pesticide costs and wilt disease incidence, were processed using Microsoft Excel 2013, and data analysis was performed using SPSSAU.

[0022] 2. Results and Analysis 2.1 Effects of the treatment method of the present invention on agronomic traits of red banana like Figure 2 As shown, the treatment method of the present invention significantly affects the plant height of red bananas. The first crop of red bananas had the shortest plant height, then gradually increased year by year. The red bananas in the experimental group treated with the method of the present invention were significantly shorter than those in the untreated control group. After treatment with the method of the present invention, the plant height of the first crop of red bananas was only 3.52m, while the undwarfed control had a plant height of 4.52m. The plant height of the second crop of red bananas after dwarfing treatment was 3.76m, while the control group had a plant height of 4.87m. The plant height of the third crop was essentially the same as the second crop. After three consecutive dwarfing treatments, the plant height of the red bananas was reduced by more than 1m compared to the control.

[0023] The pseudostem girth, leaf spacing, and leaf length of newly planted and perennial banana plants treated with the present invention differed significantly from those of plants not dwarfed. Table 3 shows that the pseudostem girths of newly planted and perennial banana plants in the experimental group were 78.2 cm and 78.6 cm, respectively, compared to 74.1 cm and 74.5 cm in the control group. The pseudostem girth of plants treated with the present invention was 4 cm thicker than that of untreated plants. The leaf spacing of newly planted banana plants treated with the present invention was 14.8 cm, and the leaf spacing of perennial banana plants was 15.1 cm. The leaf spacing of newly planted banana plants treated with the present invention was 20.0 cm, and the leaf spacing of perennial banana plants was 21.3 cm. After dwarfing, the leaf spacing was shortened by 5.2 cm and 6.2 cm, respectively. Leaf lengths in the experimental group were 279.1 cm and 276.5 cm, respectively, compared to 300.3 cm and 298.2 cm in the control group. Treatment with the present invention shortened the leaves by 21.2 cm and 21.7 cm, respectively. However, whether it was first-generation newly planted banana or second-generation perennial banana, the number of leaves, petiole length and leaf width of the plants treated with the method of the present invention were basically the same as those of the plants without dwarfing treatment, and the differences were not significant (Table 2).

[0024] Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of red bananas under different treatments

[0025] Note: * after the data indicates that the data of the experimental group and the control group are significantly different ( p <0.05).

[0026] 2.2 Effects of the cultivation method of the present invention on the biological characteristics of red banana From table 3, it can be seen that the biological characteristics of red banana treated by the method of the application are obviously different from those of the control group without dwarfing treatment. Under the same variety, size, density, water and fertilizer management conditions, the planting cycle, 98% or more budding time and 90% or more harvesting time of the new planting banana test group are all shortened by 20 days or more than the control, the harvesting rate of the treatment group treated by the method of the application is 94.1%, which is increased by 6.4 percentage points compared with the control group. The planting cycle, 98% or more budding time and 90% or more harvesting time of the ratoon banana treated by the method of the application are all reduced by about 20 days compared with the new planting banana, and the harvesting rate is slightly increased to 94.7%. The planting cycle of the ratoon banana of the control group is shortened by 11 days compared with the new planting banana, the 98% or more budding time is shortened by 22 days, and the 90% or more harvesting time is increased by 20 days, but due to the serious outbreak of fusarium wilt, the harvesting rate is only 45.9%, which is decreased by 49.84% compared with the same period last year.

[0027] Table 3 Biological characteristics of red banana treated by different methods

[0028] Note: * after the data indicates that the data of the test group and the control group is significantly different p <0.05>.

[0029] 2.3 Effect of dwarfing treatment on fruit traits of red banana Compared with the plant without dwarfing treatment, the method of the application has little effect on the fruit quality of red banana. As shown in table 4, the fruit cluster length of the new planting banana and the ratoon banana treated by the method of the application is slightly reduced, and the fruit cluster length of the control group is 65.3-67.0 cm, and the fruit cluster length after treatment by the method of the application is 63.4-65.1 cm.

[0030] Table 4 Fruit traits of red banana treated by different methods

[0031] Note: * after the data indicates that the data of the test group and the control group is significantly different p <0.05>.

[0032] 2.4 Effect of cultivation and management of the application on economic benefits The economic benefit of red banana planting after the method of the present application is obviously improved. As shown in Table 5, the single fruit weight of red banana after the method of the present application is 219.2g-235.5g, and the control group is 212.7g-199.6g, and the single fruit weight is slightly increased. The yield of newly planted banana treated by the method of the present application is 1815.8kg, which is 40.9kg higher than that of untreated banana, while the fruit finger length of ratoon banana increases slightly, and the control group is 16.1-16.2cm, and the test group is 16.5-16.7cm. Whether it is newly planted banana or ratoon banana, the fruit cluster width, fruit comb number, fruit index, fruit finger length, fruit finger width, fruit stalk length, fruit stalk width and other properties treated by the method of the present application are basically the same as those of untreated plants, and there is no obvious difference.

[0033] The yield per mu of the spread is only 868.3kg, which is reduced by 1144.1kg compared with the dwarfed red banana. In terms of planting cost, the fertilizer cost and pesticide cost per plant of red banana treated by the method of the present application are 19.2 yuan and 12.4 yuan, and the cost of the control group increases slightly, which is 20.6 yuan and 21.7 yuan. The newly planted banana treated by the method of the present application does not have a blast outbreak, the incidence rate of the control group is 5.1%, the incidence rate of the ratoon banana treated by the method of the present application is 2.5%, and the incidence rate of the control group increases to 23.9%, which increases by 21.4%.

[0034] Table 5 Comparison of planting cost and yield of red banana with different treatments

[0035] Note: The data after * indicates that the data of the test group and the control group is significantly different p <0.05>.

[0036] 3. Conclusion and discussion In this study, the plant is improved by the method of cultivation aiming at the problems of low yield, large area blast outbreak and high cultivation cost in the off-season planting of red banana. The red banana planting shows good adaptation and vigorous growth, and compared with the traditional planting mode, it is improved in dwarfing, yield increase, economic benefit improvement and disease resistance.

[0037] After the method of the present application, the height of banana pseudostem is reduced by more than 1m, the pseudostem circumference is increased by about 4cm, and the leaf spacing is reduced by 5.2-6.2cm. The method of the present application has no significant effect on the plant agronomic traits such as leaf number, petiole length and leaf width, and fruit traits such as fruit cluster width, fruit comb number and fruit index, which makes the cumulative reduction of pesticide cost and fertilizer cost per plant of red banana after plant height reduction be 4-13 yuan. After the plant is dwarfed, the operation difficulty is reduced, which further reduces the labor cost, and the agricultural material cost of continuous banana garden can be reduced by 20%. The single fruit weight and fruit cluster weight are improved after the method of the present application, and the yield per mu is increased by 2.3%-56.8%, and the comprehensive economic benefit is greatly improved.

[0038] The research result of the present application shows that the method can effectively dwarf the plant, shorten the growth period, reduce the economic cost and reduce the incidence of fusarium wilt to a certain extent.

[0039] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the scope of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A dwarfing cultivation method for red bananas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) A triangular wide-narrow double-row planting pattern is adopted in the planting area, with the wide row width being 3-4m, the narrow row width being 1.5-2.5m, and the plant spacing being 2-2.5m; the planting density of red bananas is 100-150 plants / mu; (2) When the height of red banana plants reaches 1.2-1.5m, 1.8-2.0m, and 2.2-2.5m, apply paclobutrazol respectively, with the application amount of 4-8g / plant in each period.

2. The red banana dwarfing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The red bananas are all moving in an east-west direction.

3. The red banana dwarfing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The triangular wide-narrow double-row planting pattern has a wide row width of 3.5m, a narrow row width of 2m, a plant spacing of 2.2m, and a planting density of 122 plants per mu.

4. The red banana dwarfing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The best time to apply paclobutrazol is between 9:30 and 10:30 in the morning on a clear day, after the dew has evaporated.

5. The red banana dwarfing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The dilution ratio of paclobutrazol used is 150-250 times.

6. The red banana dwarfing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: Paclobutrazol was applied by drench.

7. The red banana dwarfing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: When the red banana plant reaches 1.2-1.5m in height, apply paclobutrazol 4.5-5.5g / plant; When the red banana plant reaches 1.8-2.0m in height, apply paclobutrazol 7-8g / plant; When the red banana plant reaches 2.2-2.5m in height, apply paclobutrazol 4.5-5.5g / plant.

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