A high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mines

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, specifically, a kind of high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mine, comprising the following steps, screening symbiotic synergistic plant group: selecting potassium-enriched plant, aluminum toxicity tolerant plant and rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria carrier plant;Construct hierarchical substrate: on the mine surface, in turn, lay isolation layer, improvement layer and growth layer;Inoculate acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria: acid-tolerant strain is inoculated in the root system of carrier plant;According to the function division planting: potassium-enriched plant and aluminum toxicity tolerant plant are arranged at intervals, and carrier plant is planted in the periphery;Through the synergistic planting of symbiotic synergistic plant group, cooperate with the three-dimensional control and acid-base regulation of hierarchical substrate, and the targeted inoculation of acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria to the root system of carrier plant, realize the biological adsorption passivation of aluminum ion, the biological activation of mineral potassium and the synergistic optimization of rhizosphere micro-domain pH, to systematically remove the problem of aluminum toxicity stress and low potassium bioavailability in acid potassium feldspar mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and more specifically, to a method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines. Background Technology

[0002] Potassium feldspar, also known as orthoclase, is a monoclinic rock mineral, commonly found in flesh-colored, white, and gray hues. The potassium feldspar series mainly includes orthoclase, microcline, and banded feldspar. This mineral has a framework crystal structure composed of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra and belongs to the potassium aluminosilicate mineral family. It possesses characteristics such as a low melting point, long melting interval, and high melt viscosity, which make potassium feldspar widely used in various fields.

[0003] In existing technologies for planting vegetation on potassium feldspar mines, the soil of abandoned mining sites is typically improved first. This involves adding organic fertilizers and soil conditioners to improve soil structure and fertility, reducing the impact of potentially harmful substances such as heavy metals in the soil. Simultaneously, topographical adjustments are made, such as leveling slopes and constructing terraces, to create stable growing conditions for the plants. Next, pioneer plants suitable for the mining environment are selected. These plants are typically drought-tolerant, tolerant of poor soil, and resilient, such as herbaceous plants like alfalfa and ryegrass, and shrubs like sea buckthorn and caragana. These are planted through sowing or transplanting, with appropriate irrigation measures implemented initially to ensure plant survival. Once the pioneer plants have established a certain vegetation cover, native tree species are gradually introduced to build a more stable plant community. Throughout the process, soil physicochemical properties and plant growth are monitored to allow for timely adjustments to management practices.

[0004] Although existing technologies attempt to rebuild vegetation in mining areas through measures such as soil improvement, terrain remediation, and selection of stress-resistant plants, they cannot overcome the dual stresses of aluminum ion toxicity triggered by the strongly acidic environment of potassium feldspar and low bioavailability of potassium minerals. As a result, pioneer plants are unable to survive in the vicious cycle of aluminum toxicity inhibiting root development and potassium nutrient starvation, ultimately leading to vegetation degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines. Through the synergistic planting of symbiotic plant groups, combined with the three-dimensional control and pH regulation of a layered substrate, and the targeted inoculation of the carrier plant roots by acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, it achieves the bio-adsorption and passivation of aluminum ions, the bio-activation of mineral potassium, and the synergistic optimization of rhizosphere micro-domain pH. This systematically alleviates the problems of aluminum toxicity stress and low potassium bioavailability in acidic potassium feldspar mines, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] In existing technologies, the failure to synergistically address the dual stresses of aluminum ion toxicity affecting root development and low bioavailability of potassium in highly acidic environments leads to a vicious cycle in which plants struggle to survive, resulting in continuous vegetation degradation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the cultivation method for highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: Select potassium-accumulating plants, aluminum-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functionally complementary plant community.

[0009] S2. Constructing a layered matrix: Laying out an isolation layer, a modification layer, and a growth layer sequentially on the mine surface;

[0010] S3. Inoculation with acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: Inoculate the root system of the carrier plant with acid-tolerant strains at a concentration of 10. 7 -10 8 CFU / g soil;

[0011] S4. Planting according to function: Potassium-rich plants and aluminum-tolerant plants are arranged alternately, and carrier plants are planted on the periphery.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the potassium-enriching plant mentioned in S1 is alfalfa, the aluminum-tolerant plant is centipede grass, and the carrier plant is ryegrass. Alfalfa activates mineral potassium through its special organic acid secretion mechanism, directly improving the bioavailability of soil potassium. Centipede grass utilizes its root membrane transport protein to specifically chelate free aluminum ions, blocking the physiological inhibition of plant roots by aluminum toxicity. Ryegrass, with its developed fibrous root system, provides colonization space for rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and activates microbial activity through root exudates. Centipede grass improves the living environment of ryegrass after detoxifying aluminum toxicity, and the rhizosphere microdomain expanded by ryegrass creates nutrient absorption conditions for alfalfa. The potassium element activated by alfalfa is shared among plants through mycelium. Ultimately, in the acidic stress environment where aluminum and potassium coexist, a synergistic effect of aluminum isolation, potassium activation, and microecological stability is formed, fundamentally breaking through the technical bottleneck that a single plant cannot simultaneously detoxify aluminum toxicity and improve potassium efficiency.

[0013] In S2, it should be noted that the isolation layer is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 5-10cm; the improvement layer is a mixture of the following components in the following mass ratio: humic acid particles, humic acid content ≥60%, 70-80 parts; zeolite powder, particle size 2-4mm, 20-30 parts; the thickness of the mixed layer is 15-20cm; the growth layer is a mixture of the following components in the following mass ratio: topsoil with pH 6.0-7.0, 70-80 parts; biochar with particle size ≤5mm, 20-30 parts; the thickness of the growth layer is ≥30cm. The polyethylene geotextile isolation layer physically blocks the infiltration of deep acidic slag, isolating aluminum ion migration at the source. The humic acid particles in the improvement layer, with their high-density carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl complexes... The zeolite particles combine with free aluminum ions to form stable chelates, simultaneously releasing humic acid calcium-magnesium buffer components. Zeolite powder adsorbs residual aluminum ions through cation exchange of the silica-alumina framework and slowly releases potassium and calcium nutrients. The humic acid particles and zeolite powder work together to raise the pH of the rhizosphere microdomain to the plant tolerance threshold of 5.5-6.0. The humic acid particles are lignite extracts, which are soaked in 0.3-0.7 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1.5-2.5 hours before mixing, washed with water until neutral, and then dried. The growth layer uses a composite of biochar and topsoil. Its microporous structure adsorbs organic acids secreted by the roots to form a pH buffer pool. The oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar further fix aluminum ions, creating a growth substrate for plant roots that is both chemically safe and physically suitable.

[0014] In S3, the acid-resistant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus, and its bacterial suspension concentration is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 The specific inoculation steps are as follows: Ryegrass roots are soaked in the bacterial suspension for 30-40 minutes, air-dried, and then transplanted. Bacillus mucilaginosus continuously secretes extracellular polysaccharides to form a physical barrier in an environment of pH 4.0-5.5, and secretes oxalic acid and citric acid to efficiently chelate aluminum ions and activate aluminosilicate enzymes, thus activating potassium minerals. During the inoculation process, when the ryegrass roots are soaked for 30-40 minutes, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose carrier in the bacterial suspension penetrates into the micro-folds of the root surface under vibration for the first 20 minutes. In the next 10-20 minutes, the Bacillus mucilaginosus cells migrate directionally to the root tip meristem via malic acid signals secreted by the roots. After soaking, the bacterial suspension is air-dried to a moisture content of 35% ± 5%. At this point, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose carrier forms a viscoelastic gel film, which prevents the cells from falling off due to mechanical friction during transplantation and maintains a microaerobic environment to ensure cell activity.

[0015] In S4, the specific planting layout of the plant group is as follows: the row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 30-40cm; the spacing between adjacent potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 20-25cm; the carrier plant planting area is 50-60cm away from the boundary of the core planting area. In this planting layout, potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants are kept appropriately close so that their roots can slightly intertwine in the soil. In this way, the acidic substances released by the roots of aluminum-tolerant plants, such as citric acid, can directly neutralize the aluminum toxicity in the soil of the root zone of the adjacent potassium-accumulating plants. At the same time, the activating enzymes secreted by the roots of potassium-accumulating plants can enhance the availability of potassium in the surrounding soil. The slightly wider row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants ensures that the roots of the two types of plants have enough contact space without competing for nutrients due to overcrowding. A special grass is planted in the isolation zone 50-60cm away from the boundary of the core planting area of ​​the carrier plant planting area. Its dense root system blocks external weeds and harmful microorganisms from invading the core area, and the special substances secreted by its roots can continuously activate the beneficial bacteria in the soil.

[0016] Based on this, before laying the layered matrix in S2, the surface of the potassium feldspar mine needs to be pretreated: spray with a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2-3 L / m². 2 After standing for 24 hours, the surface is leveled. Citric acid penetrates to a depth of 20-30cm into the slag layer. Its three carboxyl groups strongly chelate the iron and aluminum oxides wrapped on the surface of potassium feldspar, transforming these insoluble minerals into soluble iron and aluminum citrate complexes. On the one hand, this removes the passivation layer on the mineral surface, increasing the release rate of potassium. On the other hand, it fixes free aluminum ions into non-toxic chelates, reducing the concentration of active aluminum in the surface soil. At the same time, the micropores created by the acid dissolution significantly increase the contact area between the matrix layer and the slag. The citrate gel film formed during the standing period can bind the slag particles, improving the shear strength of the subsequently laid layered matrix.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] By synergistic planting of symbiotic plants, combined with the three-dimensional control and acid-base regulation of layered substrates, and the targeted inoculation of the root system of carrier plants by acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, the bio-adsorption and passivation of aluminum ions, the bio-activation of mineral potassium, and the synergistic optimization of rhizosphere micro-domain pH are achieved, thereby systematically relieving the problems of aluminum toxicity stress and low potassium bioavailability in acidic potassium feldspar mines. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cultivation method steps in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Current technologies fail to address the dual stresses of aluminum ion toxicity affecting root development and low potassium bioavailability in highly acidic environments. This leads to a vicious cycle of aluminum toxicity inhibition and potassium deficiency, causing continuous vegetation degradation. This invention provides a method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines. Figure 1 As shown.

[0022] Example 1:

[0023] Includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. Screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: Select potassium-accumulating plants, aluminum-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functionally complementary plant community.

[0025] In S1, the symbiotic plant group in this embodiment is specifically selected as follows: potassium-rich plant is alfalfa, aluminum-tolerant plant is centipede grass, and carrier plant is ryegrass.

[0026] S2. Constructing a layered matrix: Laying out an isolation layer, a modification layer, and a growth layer sequentially on the mine surface;

[0027] The isolation layer of S2, in this embodiment, is an 8cm thick polyethylene geotextile. The improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 75 parts of humic acid particles with a 70% humic acid content, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extract, soaked in 0.5mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 2 hours before mixing, washed with water until neutral and dried; 25 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 3mm; the thickness of the mixed layer is 18cm. The growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 75 parts of topsoil with a pH of 6.5; 25 parts of biochar with a particle size of 3mm; the thickness of the growth layer is 35cm. At the same time, before laying the layered matrix, the potassium feldspar mine surface is pretreated. The specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2.5L / m. 2 After leaving it to stand for 24 hours, level the ground surface.

[0028] S3. Inoculate with acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: Inoculate the ryegrass roots with acid-tolerant strains at a concentration of 10. 8 CFU / g soil;

[0029] In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus. The specific inoculation method is to soak the ryegrass roots in the bacterial suspension for 35 minutes, air dry them, and then transplant them.

[0030] S4. Planting according to function: Alfalfa and centipede grass are arranged alternately, and ryegrass is planted on the periphery;

[0031] In this embodiment, the S4 division of labor planting is specifically as follows: the row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 35cm; the spacing between adjacent potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 23cm; and the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 55cm.

[0032] In addition, it should be further noted that in S1, alfalfa can be purchased from Beijing Dabeinong Technology Group Co., Ltd., centipede grass can be purchased from Zhongdi Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., and ryegrass can be purchased from Bailv International Grass Industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd.; in S2, humic acid granules can be purchased from Shanxi Meibang Dafunong Technology Co., Ltd., zeolite powder can be purchased from Weichang Guangyuan Zeolite Development Co., Ltd., topsoil in this embodiment is purchased from Shanshui Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., and biochar can be purchased from Nanjing Baiyangken Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; in S3, Bacillus mucilaginosus is purchased from Zhongnong Lvkang (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0033] In addition, in S2, a high-pressure sprayer is required for the pretreatment of the potassium feldspar mine surface. This high-pressure sprayer was purchased from Hardy (Shanghai) Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is Commander 3200. At the same time, the geotextile laying machine required for laying the isolation layer was purchased from Masson Construction Machinery (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is MTS-801. In S3, the constant temperature shaking incubator required for inoculation was purchased from Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is HWS-250. In S4, the laser rangefinder transplanter required for the planting layout of the plant groups was purchased from Beijing Fengjingda Intelligent Equipment Technology Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is FJD-35.

[0034] Example 2:

[0035] Includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. Screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: Select potassium-accumulating plants, aluminum-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functionally complementary plant community.

[0037] In S1, the symbiotic plant group in this embodiment is specifically selected as follows: potassium-rich plant is alfalfa, aluminum-tolerant plant is centipede grass, and carrier plant is ryegrass.

[0038] S2. Constructing a layered matrix: Laying out an isolation layer, a modification layer, and a growth layer sequentially on the mine surface;

[0039] The isolation layer of S2, in this embodiment, is a 10cm thick polyethylene geotextile. The improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 80 parts of humic acid particles with a 70% humic acid content, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extract, soaked in 0.7mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 2.5 hours before mixing, washed with water until neutral and dried; 30 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 4mm; the thickness of the mixed layer is 20cm. The growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 80 parts of topsoil with pH 7.0; 30 parts of biochar with a particle size of 5mm; the thickness of the growth layer is 35cm. At the same time, before laying the layered matrix, the potassium feldspar mine surface is pretreated. The specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 3L / m. 2 After leaving it to stand for 24 hours, level the ground surface.

[0040] S3. Inoculate with acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: Inoculate the ryegrass roots with acid-tolerant strains at a concentration of 10. 8 CFU / g soil;

[0041] In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus. The specific inoculation method is to soak the ryegrass roots in the bacterial suspension for 40 minutes, air dry them, and then transplant them.

[0042] S4. Planting according to function: Alfalfa and centipede grass are arranged alternately, and ryegrass is planted on the periphery;

[0043] In this embodiment, the S4 division of labor planting is as follows: the row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 40cm; the spacing between adjacent potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 25cm; the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 60cm; in this embodiment, the other plant species and equipment parameters are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0044] Example 3:

[0045] S1. Screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: Select potassium-accumulating plants, aluminum-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functionally complementary plant community.

[0046] In S1, the symbiotic plant group in this embodiment is specifically selected as follows: potassium-rich plant is alfalfa, aluminum-tolerant plant is centipede grass, and carrier plant is ryegrass.

[0047] S2. Constructing a layered matrix: Laying out an isolation layer, a modification layer, and a growth layer sequentially on the mine surface;

[0048] The isolation layer of S2, in this embodiment, is a 5cm thick polyethylene geotextile. The improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 70 parts of humic acid particles with a 70% humic acid content, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extract, soaked in 0.3mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1.5 hours before mixing, washed with water until neutral and dried; 20 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 2mm; the thickness of the mixed layer is 15cm. The growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 70 parts of topsoil with pH 6.0; 20 parts of biochar with a particle size of 3mm; the thickness of the growth layer is 35cm. At the same time, before laying the layered matrix, the potassium feldspar mine surface is pretreated. The specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2L / m. 2 After leaving it to stand for 24 hours, level the ground surface.

[0049] S3. Inoculate with acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: Inoculate the ryegrass roots with acid-tolerant strains at a concentration of 10. 8 CFU / g soil;

[0050] In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus. The specific inoculation method is to soak the ryegrass roots in the bacterial suspension for 30 minutes, air dry them, and then transplant them.

[0051] S4. Planting according to function: Alfalfa and centipede grass are arranged alternately, and ryegrass is planted on the periphery;

[0052] In this embodiment, the S4 division of labor planting is as follows: the row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 30cm; the spacing between adjacent potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 20cm; the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 50cm; in this embodiment, the other plant species and equipment parameters used are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 1:

[0054] S1. Screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: Select potassium-accumulating plants, aluminum-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functionally complementary plant community.

[0055] In S1, the symbiotic plant group in this embodiment is specifically selected as follows: potassium-rich plant is alfalfa, aluminum-tolerant plant is centipede grass, and carrier plant is ryegrass.

[0056] S2. Constructing a layered matrix: Laying out an isolation layer, a modification layer, and a growth layer sequentially on the mine surface;

[0057] The isolation layer of S2, in this embodiment, is a 3cm thick polyethylene geotextile; the improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 60 parts of humic acid particles with a 50% humic acid content, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extract, soaked in 0.1mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1 hour before mixing, washed with water until neutral and dried; 15 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 1mm; the thickness of the mixed layer is 10cm; the growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 60 parts of topsoil with pH 5.0; 15 parts of biochar with a particle size of 7mm; the thickness of the growth layer is 25cm; at the same time, before laying the layered matrix, the potassium feldspar mine surface is pretreated, specifically by spraying a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 1L / m. 2 After leaving it to stand for 24 hours, level the ground surface.

[0058] S3. Inoculate with acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: Inoculate the ryegrass roots with acid-tolerant strains at a concentration of 10. 8 CFU / g soil;

[0059] In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus. The specific inoculation method is to soak the ryegrass roots in the bacterial suspension for 20 minutes, air dry them, and then transplant them.

[0060] S4. Planting according to function: Alfalfa and centipede grass are arranged alternately, and ryegrass is planted on the periphery;

[0061] In this embodiment, the S4 division of labor planting is as follows: the row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 25cm; the spacing between adjacent potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 15cm; the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 45cm; in this embodiment, the other plant species and equipment parameters used are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 2:

[0063] S1. Screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: Select potassium-accumulating plants, aluminum-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functionally complementary plant community.

[0064] In S1, the symbiotic plant group in this embodiment is specifically selected as follows: potassium-rich plant is alfalfa, aluminum-tolerant plant is centipede grass, and carrier plant is ryegrass.

[0065] S2. Constructing a layered matrix: Laying out an isolation layer, a modification layer, and a growth layer sequentially on the mine surface;

[0066] The isolation layer of S2, in this embodiment, is a 12cm thick polyethylene geotextile. The improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 90 parts of humic acid particles with a 50% humic acid content, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extract, soaked in 0.9mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 3.5 hours before mixing, washed with water until neutral and dried; 35 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 5mm; the thickness of the mixed layer is 25cm. The growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 90 parts of topsoil with pH 8.0; 35 parts of biochar with a particle size of 7mm; the thickness of the growth layer is 20cm. At the same time, before laying the layered matrix, the potassium feldspar mine surface is pretreated. The specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 4L / m. 2 After leaving it to stand for 24 hours, level the ground surface.

[0067] S3. Inoculate with acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: Inoculate the ryegrass roots with acid-tolerant strains at a concentration of 10. 8 CFU / g soil;

[0068] In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus. The specific inoculation method is to soak the ryegrass roots in the bacterial suspension for 50 minutes, air dry them, and then transplant them.

[0069] S4. Planting according to function: Alfalfa and centipede grass are arranged alternately, and ryegrass is planted on the periphery;

[0070] In this embodiment, the S4 division of labor planting is as follows: the row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 45cm; the spacing between adjacent potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 30cm; the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 65cm; in this embodiment, the other plant species and equipment parameters are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 3:

[0072] In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S1, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the pretreatment of spraying citric acid solution on the potassium feldspar mine is omitted.

[0073] Comparative Example 4:

[0074] In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S2, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in S1, only alfalfa is used as the plant for growing potassium feldspar in the mine.

[0075] Comparative Example 5:

[0076] In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S2, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in S1, only Centipede Grass is used as a plant for growing potassium feldspar in the mine.

[0077] Comparative Example 6:

[0078] In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S2, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in S1, only ryegrass is used as the plant for growing potassium feldspar in the mine.

[0079] Experimental Example 1:

[0080] Experimental subjects: Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3.

[0081] Experimental objective: To verify the optimal applicability of stratified substrate parameters and planting layout.

[0082] Table 1: Core Performance Comparison

[0083]

[0084] Conclusions: According to the experimental data in Table 1, Example 1 reduced toxicity by chelating free aluminum with humic acid, while activating potassium feldspar to release 285 mg / kg of readily available potassium to support continuous potassium supply from alfalfa, enabling centipede grass to efficiently accumulate 1820 mg / kg of aluminum with a high survival rate of 98% throughout the process, which is the optimal parameter in this scheme; Example 2 reduced aluminum accumulation to 1650 mg / kg due to soil salt stress caused by over-activation of humic acid, but its thickened isolation layer and reinforced zeolite are suitable for high osmotic pressure scenarios; Example 3 was limited by weak activation and a thin isolation layer, resulting in only 220 mg / kg of readily available potassium, but its reduced material cost makes it suitable for light remediation projects with low aluminum pollution.

[0085] Experimental Example 2:

[0086] Experimental subjects: Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0087] Experimental objective: To verify the optimal applicability of stratified substrate parameters and planting layout.

[0088] Table 2: Core Performance Comparison

[0089]

[0090] Conclusion: According to the experimental data in Table 2, Example 1 achieved a 98% survival rate and a balanced aluminum-potassium ratio of 285 mg / kg available potassium and 1820 mg / kg aluminum enrichment through the synergistic protection of the isolation layer and the improvement layer and precise planting layout. In Comparative Example 1, the removal of the isolation layer led to groundwater backflow and salt stress, resulting in potassium deficiency wilting in alfalfa and a sharp decrease in aluminum enrichment in centipede grass, proving that the lack of physical isolation caused a sharp decline in plant survival rate. In Comparative Example 2, although the inward movement of ryegrass temporarily increased aluminum enrichment to 2050 mg / kg, the nutrient space collapsed due to root competition, resulting in a 60-day survival rate of 73%, confirming that Example 1 was the optimal solution in this experiment.

[0091] Experimental Example 3:

[0092] Experimental subjects: Example 1, Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 6.

[0093] Experimental objective: To verify the synergistic effect of symbiotic synergistic plant groups.

[0094] Table 3: Verification of the synergistic effect of symbiotic plant groups

[0095]

[0096] Conclusions: According to the experimental data in Table 3, in Example 1, while *Centipeda minima* efficiently enriched aluminum, alfalfa fixed nitrogen and released potassium to maintain soil available potassium at 285 mg / kg, and ryegrass roots inhibited soil erosion, resulting in a survival rate of ≥98% throughout the process. In Comparative Example 4, the removal of alfalfa led to a break in the potassium cycle, with available potassium at only 195 mg / kg, and the survival rate plummeted to 90% after 60 days, proving that nitrogen-potassium synergy is not feasible. In Comparative Example 5, the removal of ryegrass caused soil erosion, resulting in available potassium dropping to 105 mg / kg and a 90-day survival rate of only 78%, confirming that the protective function of the carrier plant is irreplaceable. In Comparative Example 6, although ryegrass was retained, the absence of *Centipeda minima* led to a complete loss of aluminum enrichment function, and its 75 mg / kg of available potassium in the soil could only maintain the plant's basal metabolism.

[0097] Experiment Example 4:

[0098] Experimental subjects: Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 3.

[0099] Experimental objective: To verify the necessity of surface pretreatment in potassium feldspar mines.

[0100] Table 4:

[0101]

[0102] Conclusion: According to the experimental data in Table 4, in Example 1, acid activation released closed-state potassium to form a readily available potassium pool, bringing the available potassium in the soil to 285 mg / kg. This simultaneously neutralized the alkaline matrix, supporting the stable enrichment of aluminum (1820 mg / kg) in *Pteris vittata* at a high survival rate of 98%. In Example 2, although pretreated, insufficient acid concentration resulted in only 250 mg / kg of available potassium in the soil, causing a slight decrease in the survival rate to 94% after 60 days. However, it can still be applied to mining areas with low to medium aluminum pollution. In contrast, Comparative Example 3, without pretreatment, resulted in the lack of activation of potassium feldspar, leading to a soil available potassium level of only 95 mg / kg. Combined with alkaline toxicity, this caused the roots of *Pteris vittata* to dissolve, specifically manifested as a drop in aluminum enrichment to 680 mg / kg and a 90-day survival rate of 61%, making it completely unsupportive of the remediation system. This demonstrates that pretreatment is an absolute prerequisite for implementation on the mine surface.

[0103] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mines, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, screening a symbiotic plant group: selecting a group of potassium-enriching plants, aluminum-tolerant plants, and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functional complementary plant community; S2, constructing a layered substrate: Before laying the layered substrate, the surface of the potassium feldspar mine needs to be pretreated: Spray 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2-3 L / m2, and level the surface after standing for 24 hours; After pretreatment, lay the isolation layer, improvement layer, and growth layer on the surface of the mine in sequence; The improvement layer is mixed by the following components in a mass ratio: Select humic acid particles with a humic acid content of ≥60%, 70-80 parts; Select zeolite powder with a particle size of 2-4 mm, 20-30 parts; The thickness of the mixed layer is 15-20 cm; The growth layer is mixed by the following components in a mass ratio: Guest soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0, 70-80 parts; Biochar with a particle size of ≤5 mm, 20-30 parts; The thickness of the growth layer is ≥30 cm; S3, inoculation of acid-tolerant PGPR: the acid-tolerant strain was inoculated to the root system of the carrier plant, and the inoculation concentration was 10 7 -10 8 CFU / g soil; S4, plant according to function: arrange the potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants at intervals, and plant the carrier plants in the periphery; Specifically, the planting layout of the plant group is: The row spacing of potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 30-40 cm; The spacing between adjacent potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 20-25 cm; The distance between the carrier plant planting area and the core planting area boundary is 50-60 cm.

2. The high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized by: In S1, the potassium-enriching plant is alfalfa, the aluminum-tolerant plant is Pteris spp., and the carrier plant is ryegrass.

3. The high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mine according to claim 1, characterized by: In S2, the isolation layer is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 5-10 cm.

4. The high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mine according to claim 1, characterized by: In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria is Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 1 x 10 8 CFU / mL.

5. The high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mine according to claim 1, characterized by: In S3, the inoculation is specifically: soak the root system of the carrier plant in the bacterial suspension for 30-40 minutes, and transplant after air-drying.

6. The high resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mine according to claim 1, characterized by: The humic acid particles are lignite extracts, and the humic acid particles are soaked in a 0.3-0.7 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1.5-2.5 hours before mixing, washed with water to neutralize, and then dried.

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