Cultivation method for crop rotation of watermelons and muskmelons

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for crop rotation of watermelons and muskmelons, which comprises the following steps of: digging a planting groove with the width of 70-90cm and the depth of 20-30cm in a greenhouse, padding a thin film at the bottom of the planting groove, and then putting a cultivation medium into the planting groove; two seasons of watermelons are firstly planted and then one season of muskmelons are planted, or one season of muskmelons, one season of watermelons and then one season of muskmelons are planted, one crop rotation period is one year, and the maximum utilization rate of the land can be achieved. When watermelons are planted, the watermelons can be planted in the planting grooves 10-15 days before the watermelons in the previous season are mature, the watermelons germinate in advance, and therefore time is saved. Greenhouse soilless culture is adopted, the ripening time of watermelons and muskmelons is short, three-season planting in one year can be achieved, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a cultivation method of watermelon and melon rotation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rotation is a planting method that different crops or complex combinations are planted in sequence in seasons or years in the same field.

[0003] China is a big country in watermelon and melon production and consumption, and the economic benefits of watermelon and melon are very significant, which has gradually become an important way for farmers to increase income. Reasonable rotation of watermelon and melon can maximize the utilization of land. However, at present, only one season of watermelon and one season of melon can be planted, and the land cannot be maximized, so how to reasonably plant multiple seasons has important research value.

[0004] In addition, because watermelon and melon are easy to be harmed by soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt, which affects water and fertilizer absorption and causes yield reduction and quality decline, to a great extent, it restricts the development of watermelon and melon rotation mode. Therefore, how to overcome soil-borne diseases and improve yield is also a problem to be solved in the process of rotation.

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a cultivation method of watermelon and melon rotation. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a cultivation method of watermelon and melon rotation, which can maximize the utilization of land by planting two seasons of watermelon and one season of melon.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0008] A cultivation method of watermelon and melon rotation, the method is to plant two seasons of watermelon first, then plant one season of melon / watermelon, or plant one season of melon, one season of watermelon, and then plant one season of melon / watermelon, and one rotation cycle is 1 year.

[0009] Specifically, the steps include:

[0010] S1. Planting preparation

[0011] A planting trench with a width of 70-90 cm and a depth of 20-30 cm is dug in the greenhouse, a film is laid on the bottom of the planting trench, and then a cultivation substrate is placed.

[0012] S2. First watermelon / melon planting

[0013] 2-3 months, the first round of watermelon seedlings or melon seedlings are transplanted into the planting groove for planting, and harvested in May.

[0014] S3. Second round of watermelon planting

[0015] 10-15 days before the first round of watermelon / melon is harvested, the second round of watermelon seeds are sown in the planting groove, and the second round of watermelon is harvested in July.

[0016] S4. Third round of melon / watermelon planting

[0017] After the second round of watermelon is harvested, the third round of melon or watermelon seedlings are transplanted into the planting groove for planting, and harvested in October.

[0018] Preferably, during cultivation, the watermelon adopts a double vine training method, only the main vine and one healthy side vine are retained, and the rest of the side branches are removed.

[0019] Preferably, after the watermelon fruits, the watermelon is fixed by rope, one end of the rope is tied to the handle of the watermelon, and the other end is fixed to the iron frame above the greenhouse.

[0020] Preferably, in step S1, the cultivation substrate comprises, by weight: 15-30 parts of filtered mud, 20-40 parts of earthworm manure, 20-40 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20-30 parts of biomass charcoal, 10-20 parts of sawdust, 1-10 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 1-10 parts of rice residue, and 1-5 parts of microbial agent.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, an irrigation system is provided on the planting groove, the irrigation system comprises a sprinkler pipe arranged in the middle of the planting groove and a drip irrigation pipe arranged on both sides of the planting groove, the sprinkler pipe and the drip irrigation pipe are connected in parallel to the same water pipe; the upper end of the sprinkler pipe is provided with an arch-shaped framework supported film. Specifically, the arch-shaped framework is prepared by bending a rod or wire, and then covering a film on the top of the arch-shaped framework.

[0022] Preferably, it further comprises the step of treating the cultivation substrate, specifically, in February-March of each year, a sterilizing agent is used to sterilize the cultivation substrate.

[0023] Preferably, the sterilizing agent is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 5-7 parts of cypress leaf extract, 3-8 parts of forsythia fruit extract, 2-6 parts of wormwood leaf extract, and 1-3 parts of citric acid.

[0024] Preferably, the cultivation substrate is replaced every 2-3 years.

[0025] Due to the use of the above technical solutions, the present application has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. The melon and watermelon crop rotation cultivation method, which rotates melon and watermelon, plants two seasons of watermelon and one season of melon or two seasons of melon and one season of watermelon, and can realize maximum utilization of land.

[0027] The melon and watermelon crop rotation cultivation method adopts greenhouse soilless cultivation, and the melon and watermelon have short maturation time, so that three seasons of planting can be realized in one year. When the watermelon is planted, the watermelon can be planted in the planting groove 10-15 days before the melon of the previous season is mature, so that the germination is advanced, thereby saving time.

[0028] 2. The melon and watermelon crop rotation cultivation method adopts a special cultivation substrate, which not only provides sufficient nutrient components for the melon and watermelon, promotes early production, guarantees three seasons of planting, and prevents the occurrence of continuous cropping cultivation obstacles.

[0029] The cultivation substrate not only has high organic matter content, but also has comprehensive and balanced nutrient components, so that the melon / watermelon can obtain sufficient and balanced nutrition supply during the whole seedling growth period.

[0030] The use of livestock manure and cow dung not only solves the environmental pollution problem of agricultural solid waste, but also completely changes waste into treasure, effectively utilizes waste to create economic and social benefits. Earthworm manure can improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. Earthworm manure has good porosity, ventilation, drainage and high water holding capacity, has a large surface area, and enables many beneficial microorganisms to survive and have good absorption and nutrient retention capacity. Earthworm manure has good granular structure, and its appearance is a small spherical ball with a diameter of about 1mm, which is uniformly mixed with mineral elements and organic matter, and protects organic matter. The application of earthworm manure can also increase the activities of neutral phosphatase, protease, urease and sucrose in soil, and enhance the soil fertility.

[0031] The biomass such as agricultural and forestry waste is carbonized into biochar under anaerobic condition, which contains various active groups such as phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, enolic group, sulfonic acid group, amino group, quinone group, carbonyl group, methoxy group, etc., and has large specific surface area, pore structure and cation exchange capacity. The addition of biochar in the cultivation substrate can adsorb the water and nutrients in the soil which are not used by crops, delay the retention time of nutrients in the soil, weaken the migration and transformation ability of nutrients in the substrate, has good water and nutrient retention, strong buffering capacity, good ventilation, high cation exchange capacity, light bulk density, good chemical stability, etc., has certain nitrogen fixation, fertilizer and water conservation functions, and is beneficial to the improvement of crop quality. Biochar can adsorb harmful substances, and can also provide living and breeding places for mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial bacteria, and can promote the habitat growth of special groups of microorganisms.

[0032] 3.The watermelon and melon rotation cultivation method, comprising the step of sterilizing the cultivation substrate with a fungicide, wherein the fungicide is composed of a cypress leaf extract, a forsythia fruit extract, an artemisia leaf extract, and citric acid; the applicant found in the test that the watermelon and melon rotation can improve the land utilization rate and yield, but there are rotation barriers between the two, specifically, the soil-borne diseases dominated by fusarium wilt will occur, and the applicant found that the improvement effect is not ideal after using the fungicide on the market, and the fruit setting rate will also be reduced, which may be due to the fact that the fungicide on the market will decompose the nutrients in the cultivation substrate, resulting in a low fruit setting rate, therefore, the applicant seeks a fungicide that can solve the soil-borne diseases without causing other effects, and found through the test that the fungicide composition obtained by compounding the cypress leaf extract, the forsythia fruit extract, the artemisia leaf extract, and the citric acid can solve the above problems.

[0033] 4.The watermelon and melon rotation cultivation method, wherein an irrigation system is arranged on the planting groove, the irrigation system comprises a middle sprinkler pipe and two side drip irrigation pipes, the sprinkler pipe and the drip irrigation pipes are parallel to each other in the same water supply pipe; and an arch skeleton supported film is arranged on the upper end of the sprinkler pipe; the sprinkler and the drip irrigation are used in combination, the sprinkler can spray water and fertilizer at the same time, which is convenient and fast, but the water quantity is too large, and can only be used for a short time, and the film is covered on the top, which can prevent the water and fertilizer from being wasted due to the too large sprinkling range; the drip irrigation quantity is uniform, and the manpower can be saved.

[0034] 5.The watermelon and melon rotation cultivation method, wherein after the watermelon bears fruit, the watermelon is fixed by being hung with a rope, that is, one end of the rope is bound to the watermelon handle, and the other end is fixed to an iron frame above the greenhouse; the method is simple and convenient, and the surface will not leave the grid lines of the watermelon bag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A watermelon and melon rotation cultivation method, the method is to plant two seasons of watermelons, and then plant one season of melons, and one rotation cycle is 1 year.

[0038] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1.Planting preparation

[0040] A planting groove with a width of 70-90 cm and a depth of 20-30 cm is dug in the greenhouse, a film is laid on the bottom of the planting groove, and then a cultivation substrate is placed.

[0041] The cultivation substrate comprises, by weight parts: filter mud 20 parts, earthworm manure 30 parts, fermented soybean meal 30 parts, biomass charcoal 25 parts, sawdust 15 parts, light calcium carbonate 5 parts, lime 1 part, mushroom residue 5 parts, and microbial inoculant 2 parts.

[0042] The planting groove is provided with an irrigation system, the irrigation system comprises a sprinkler pipe arranged in the middle of the planting groove and a drip irrigation pipe arranged on both sides of the planting groove, and the sprinkler pipe and the drip irrigation pipe are parallel to each other and connected to the same water supply pipe; an arch-shaped framework supports a film on the upper end of the sprinkler pipe. The film is covered on the arch-shaped framework made of bent iron wire.

[0043] S2. First round of watermelon planting

[0044] In February and March, the first round of watermelon seedlings is transplanted into the planting groove for planting, and harvested in May. After the watermelons bear fruit, the watermelons are fixed by being hung with a rope, that is, one end of the rope is tied to the handle of the watermelon, and the other end is fixed to an iron frame above the greenhouse. The watermelons are pruned by the double-vine method, only the main vine and one healthy side vine are left, and the rest of the side branches are removed. The second or third female flower of the main vine at 15-24 nodes is artificially pollinated, and one watermelon is left per plant.

[0045] S3. Second round of watermelon planting

[0046] Ten to fifteen days before the first round of watermelons is harvested, the second round of watermelon seeds is sown in the planting groove, and the second round of watermelons is harvested in July. After the watermelons bear fruit, the watermelons are fixed by being hung with a rope, that is, one end of the rope is tied to the handle of the watermelon, and the other end is fixed to an iron frame above the greenhouse. The watermelons are pruned by the double-vine method, only the main vine and one healthy side vine are left, and the rest of the side branches are removed. The third female flower of the main vine is artificially pollinated, and one watermelon is left per plant.

[0047] S4. Third round of melon planting

[0048] After the second round of watermelons is harvested, the third round of melon seedlings is transplanted into the planting groove for planting, and harvested in October.

[0049] In addition, in February and March every year, the cultivation substrate is disinfected with a fungicide composed of the following raw materials by weight parts: cypress leaf extract 5 parts, forsythia extract 3 parts, wormwood leaf extract 2 parts, and citric acid 1 part. The cultivation substrate is replaced every 2-3 years.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A cultivation method for watermelon and melon rotation, the method is to plant 1 season of melon first, and then plant 2 seasons of watermelon, and one rotation cycle is 1 year.

[0052] Specifically comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1. Planting preparation

[0054] Dig a planting groove with a width of 70-90 cm and a depth of 20-30 cm in the greenhouse, pad a film on the bottom of the planting groove, and then put in the cultivation substrate.

[0055] The cultivation substrate comprises, by weight: 20 parts of filtered mud, 40 parts of earthworm manure, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 30 parts of biochar, 100 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of light calcium carbonate, 2 parts of lime, 10 parts of mushroom residue, and 3 parts of microbial inoculant.

[0056] An irrigation system is arranged on the planting groove, the irrigation system comprises a sprinkler pipe arranged in the middle of the planting groove and a drip irrigation pipe arranged on both sides of the planting groove, and the sprinkler pipe and the drip irrigation pipe are connected in parallel to the same water supply pipe; an arch-shaped framework supported film is arranged on the upper end of the sprinkler pipe. The iron wire is bent into an arch shape, and then a film is covered on the top of the arch.

[0057] S2. First round of melon planting

[0058] In February and March, the first round of melon seedlings is transplanted into the planting groove for planting, and harvested in May. The melons are fixed by hanging with a rope, that is, one end of the rope is tied to the melon stem, and the other end is fixed to the iron frame above the greenhouse. The melons are pruned by single vine, only one main vine is left, the 14th-16th node of the main vine is used as a fruiting branch for artificial pollination, and the rest of the lateral branches are removed. The main melon vine is topped when it grows to the 21st-24th node. Choose healthy and well-shaped melon to leave one melon per plant.

[0059] S4. Second round of watermelon planting

[0060] Ten to fifteen days before the first round of melon harvest, the second round of watermelon seeds is sown in the planting groove, and the second round of watermelon is harvested in July. The watermelons are fixed by hanging with a rope, that is, one end of the rope is tied to the watermelon stem, and the other end is fixed to the iron frame above the greenhouse. The watermelons are pruned by double vines, only the main vine and one healthy lateral vine are left, and the rest of the lateral branches are removed. The third female flower of the main melon vine is artificially pollinated, and one healthy and well-shaped melon is left per plant.

[0061] S3. Third round of watermelon planting

[0062] After the second round of watermelon is harvested, the third round of watermelon seedlings is transplanted into the planting groove for planting, and harvested in October.

[0063] In addition, the cultivation medium is disinfected in February and March each year with a fungicide composed of the following ingredients by weight: 6 parts of Platycladus orientalis leaf extract, 6 parts of Forsythia suspensa extract, 4 parts of Artemisia argyi leaf extract, and 2 parts of citric acid. The cultivation medium is replaced every 2 to 3 years.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] A cultivation method for rotating watermelons and muskmelons comprises first planting one season of muskmelons, one season of watermelons, and then planting one season of muskmelons, with one rotation cycle being one year.

[0066] The specific steps include:

[0067] S1. Planting Preparation

[0068] Dig a planting trough with a width of 70 to 90 cm and a depth of 20 to 30 cm in the greenhouse, put a film at the bottom of the planting trough, and then put in the cultivation substrate.

[0069] The cultivation matrix comprises, by weight, 30 parts of filter mud, 40 parts of earthworm castings, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 30 parts of biochar, 10 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of light calcium carbonate, 1 part of lime, 10 parts of mushroom residue and 3 parts of microbial agent.

[0070] The planting trough is equipped with an irrigation system, comprising a sprinkler pipe located in the middle of the planting trough and drip irrigation pipes located on both sides of the planting trough. The sprinkler pipe and drip irrigation pipes are connected in parallel to the same water pipe. A film supported by an arched frame is installed at the top of the sprinkler pipe. Bent wire is formed into an arch, and the film is then covered over the arch.

[0071] S2. First round of melon planting

[0072] In February and March, transplant the first round of melon seedlings into the planting troughs for planting, and harvest in May. Secure the melons with ropes: one end is tied to the stem of the melon, and the other end is fixed to the iron frame above the greenhouse. Single-vine pruning is used for melons, leaving only one main vine. The secondary vines at nodes 14-16 serve as fruiting branches for artificial pollination, and all other side branches are removed. The main vine is topped and capped at nodes 21-24. Select healthy, well-shaped melons for preservation, with one fruit per plant.

[0073] S4. Second round of watermelon planting

[0074] The second round of watermelon seeds are sowed in the planting groove 10-15 days before the first round of melon harvest, and the second round of watermelons are harvested in July. The watermelons are fixed by ropes, one end of the rope is tied to the handle of the watermelon, and the other end is fixed to the iron frame above the greenhouse. The watermelons are pruned by double-vine method, only the main vine and one healthy side vine are reserved, and the rest of the side branches are removed. The third female flower of the main vine is artificially pollinated, and one melon is reserved per plant.

[0075] S3. Third round of melon planting

[0076] After the second round of watermelons are harvested, the seedlings of the third round of melons are transplanted into the planting groove for planting, and are harvested in October.

[0077] In addition, in February-March every year, the cultivation substrate is disinfected with a fungicide composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: cypress leaf extract 7 parts, forsythia extract 8 parts, artemisia leaf extract 6 parts, and citric acid 3 parts. Every 2-3 years, the cultivation substrate is replaced.

[0078] Comparative Example 1

[0079] A cultivation method for watermelon and melon rotation, one season of watermelon, one season of watermelon, and then one season of melon are planted, and one rotation cycle is 1 year. The cultivation substrate comprises, by weight: filtered mud 30 parts, cow dung 40 parts, fermented soybean meal 20 parts, sawdust 10 parts, light calcium carbonate 10 parts, lime 1 part, and microbial inoculant 3 parts. The other cultivation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] A cultivation method for watermelon and melon rotation, one season of watermelon, and then one season of melon are planted, and one rotation cycle is 1 year. The cultivation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0082] Test 1: Comparison of yield per mu under different cultivation modes

[0083] The applicant continuously plants according to the planting methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 for 3 years, respectively, and calculates the yield per mu of each group under different planting methods, and compares it with the yield per mu of the previous two seasons, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0084] Table 1 Yield analysis

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] From the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 2 and table 1, it can be seen that the yield of two seasons of watermelons, one season of melons or two seasons of melons, one season of watermelons is greatly increased by using the planting method of the application, and the economic benefit is improved. The price of melon in autumn is high, and the market is wide, which contributes greatly to the improvement of the economic benefit of the whole year, so melon is planted in the third season.

[0088] The comparison between example 1 and example 2 shows that if the cultivation substrate is sterilized every year, the yield in the second and third years is not much different from that in the first year, otherwise, the yield will be significantly reduced.

[0089] As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 1, the cultivation substrate of the application is rich in nutrients, which can promote the growth of watermelon and melon and increase the yield.

[0090] Test two: comparison of growth quality under different cultivation modes

[0091] Although the rotation of melon and watermelon can increase the yield, it is easy to cause soil-borne diseases, therefore, the applicant has sought a solution for many years and obtained the present application, that is, the cultivation substrate is disinfected by using a fungicide to solve the problem. In the process of obtaining the solution, tests were carried out, and the groups are as follows:

[0092] The first group: the cultivation method described in example 1;

[0093] The second group: the fungicide is heavy crop No. 1, and the other ways are the same as the first group;

[0094] The third group: the fungicide is removed, and the other ways are the same as the first group;

[0095] The fourth group: the fungicide is cypress leaf extract 5 parts, ginger extract 3 parts, garlic extract 2 parts and citric acid 1 part, and the other ways are the same as the first group;

[0096] The fifth group: the fungicide is cypress leaf extract 5 parts, forsythia fruit extract 3 parts and artemisia leaf extract 2 parts, and the other ways are the same as the first group.

[0097] The occurrence rate of fusarium wilt and the fruit setting rate of melon and watermelon in each group are compared, as shown in table 2:

[0098] Table 2 comparison of growth of crops in each group

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] According to the results in table 2, the cultivation substrate treated with the fungicide of the application can effectively avoid the fusarium wilt caused by soil-borne diseases, and ensure the fruit setting rate of melon and watermelon, while the fungicide purchased on the market has the problem of low fruit setting rate.

[0102] The above description is detailed to the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical concept of the present application should be covered by the patent scope.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for watermelon and muskmelon rotation, characterized in that: The method comprises planting two seasons of watermelon first, and then planting one season of cantaloupe / watermelon, or planting one season of cantaloupe, one season of watermelon, and then planting one season of cantaloupe / watermelon, with a crop rotation cycle of one year; The specific steps include: S1. Planting Preparation Dig a planting trough with a width of 70-90cm and a depth of 20-30cm in the greenhouse, put a film at the bottom of the planting trough, and then put the cultivation substrate in; S2. First round of watermelon / melon planting From February to March, transplant the first round of watermelon seedlings or melon seedlings into the planting troughs and harvest in May; S3. Second round of watermelon planting 10-15 days before the first round of watermelon / melon harvest, sow the second round of watermelon seeds in the planting troughs. The second round of watermelons will be harvested in July. S4. The third round of melon / watermelon planting After the second round of watermelon harvest, the third round of melon / watermelon seedlings are transplanted into the planting troughs and harvested in October.

2. The cultivation method of watermelon and melon rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the cultivation matrix includes, by weight, 15 to 30 parts of filter mud, 20 to 40 parts of earthworm castings, 20 to 40 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 to 30 parts of biochar, 10 to 20 parts of sawdust, 1 to 10 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5 to 2 parts of lime, 1 to 10 parts of mushroom residue, and 1 to 5 parts of microbial agent.

3. The cultivation method of watermelon and muskmelon rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, an irrigation system is provided on the planting trough, and the irrigation system includes a sprinkler irrigation pipe provided in the middle of the planting trough and drip irrigation pipes provided on both sides of the planting trough. The sprinkler irrigation pipe and the drip irrigation pipe are connected in parallel to the same water pipe; a film supported by an arched frame is provided at the upper end of the sprinkler irrigation pipe.

4. The cultivation method of watermelon and muskmelon rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the step of treating the cultivation substrate, specifically using a fungicide to disinfect the cultivation substrate in February and March each year.

5. The cultivation method of watermelon and melon rotation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fungicide is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of Platycladus orientalis leaf extract, 3-8 parts of Forsythia suspensa extract, 2-6 parts of Artemisia argyi leaf extract and 1-3 parts of citric acid.

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