Breeding method of rana nigromaculata

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and discloses a breeding method of rana nigromaculata. According to the method, early breeding frogs are adopted as breeding parents, the estrus cycle of the breeding frogs and the development stage of tadpoles are regulated and controlled, the growth cycle of the lateoplexis nigromaculata can be effectively changed, the conventional spawning periods in March and April are staggered, adult frogs with large specifications can be obtained in April, on one hand, goods sources needed by the market can be met for a long time, the market requirements are stabilized, and on the other hand, the market development period is shortened; and on the other hand, the economic benefit of breeding the lateral pleated frogs can be obviously improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a breeding method of Pelophylax nigromaculatus. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pelophylax nigromaculatus belongs to Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae and Pelophylax, and has various colors on the back, such as light green, yellow green, dark green and gray brown, with black spots of different sizes. Pelophylax nigromaculatus can prey on pests and effectively control the occurrence of pests without causing excessive pollution to the environment during breeding. At the same time, Pelophylax nigromaculatus contains rich protein, calcium and scale, and the content of crude protein in its muscle accounts for 20%, which is much higher than that of other economic frogs, and the content of fat is relatively low, so it has high dietary nutritional value and great artificial breeding prospects.

[0003] The breeding period of Pelophylax nigromaculatus is from March to April, and the produced tadpoles can be marketed in about half a year, and the concentrated marketing price is not high, resulting in low economic benefits of Pelophylax nigromaculatus breeding. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a breeding method of Pelophylax nigromaculatus to solve the problem of low economic benefits in the existing breeding process of Pelophylax nigromaculatus.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a breeding method of Pelophylax nigromaculatus, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, from the middle of November to December of the first year, drug-induced production, pair and egg laying of the first frog are carried out to obtain first frog eggs; wherein the first frog is an early breeding Pelophylax nigromaculatus obtained by early breeding technology;

[0007] S2, collecting the first frog eggs and hatching to obtain first tadpoles;

[0008] S3, cultivating the first tadpoles to obtain sexually mature second frogs in September of the second year;

[0009] S4, drug-induced production, pair and egg laying of the second frog are carried out to obtain second frog eggs;

[0010] S5, collecting the second frog eggs and hatching and cultivating.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, in steps S1 and S4, the drug-induced production uses an induced production agent including domperidone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 and chorionic gonadotropin;

[0012] Optionally, the single administration amount of the prolactin inhibitor is 0.0001-0.0002 mg per 1 g of the frog, and the single administration amount of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 is 0.005-0.01 μg per 1 g of the frog, and the single administration amount of the chorionic gonadotropin is 0.2-0.3 iu per 1 g of the frog. The oxytocin can be diluted with normal saline, and the dilution volume can be, for example, 500 mL.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the conditions for the drug-induced parturition include:

[0014] The ambient temperature is above 18℃, and the water temperature is 15-25℃.

[0015] Optionally, during the drug-induced parturition, the breeding pond is kept clean and the water is fresh; the frogs are fed once a day at a fixed time and at a fixed point in the evening, and the feeding amount is 3%-5% of the body weight, and it is appropriate that there is a little bit of food left after the frogs eat; various animal feeds are alternately fed to the frogs to balance the nutrition; during the cultivation, the drug for inducing parturition is diluted with normal saline and injected; after 1 day, the parents start to embrace each other; and after 2 days, the frogs start to lay eggs.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, in steps S2 and S5, the conditions for the incubation include:

[0017] The density of the frog eggs is 1000-2000 pieces per m 2 , the water temperature is 18-27℃, and the water depth is 5-10 cm.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, after the incubation is completed, the water depth is controlled to be 10-25 cm until the tadpoles enter the metamorphosis stage.

[0019] and / or, when the tadpoles enter the metamorphosis stage, the water depth is controlled to be 30-50 cm.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, in steps S3 and S5, the cultivation includes:

[0021] On the 3rd day after the tadpoles emerge from the membrane, 1 mature chicken egg yolk is fed to every 1500-2000 tadpoles, and the feeding is performed at a fixed time in the evening every day.

[0022] Optionally, when the mature chicken egg yolk is fed, the mature chicken egg yolk is squeezed into a paste and dispersed in water to form an egg yolk particle suspension, and then the egg yolk particle suspension is added to the tadpole pond, and the water is stopped for at least 30 min during the feeding.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the cultivation further includes:

[0024] After feeding the mature egg yolk for 2-3 days, at least one of the plant feed, small fish or compound feed is fed, 500g per 100,000 tadpoles, once in the morning and once in the evening, for 25-30 days.

[0025] In an alternative embodiment, the breeding of the breeding frogs is carried out in a breeding frog pond, and the breeding of the tadpoles is carried out in a tadpole pond. Alternatively, the specifications of the breeding frog pond and the tadpole pond can be selected within a certain range, for example, the area of the breeding frog pond can be 20-30 m2, the pond height can be about 0.8 m, and the water depth can be 8-15 cm; the area of the tadpole pond can be 30-50 m2, the pond height can be about 0.5 m.

[0026] The breeding frog pond and the tadpole pond are sterilized before use, and the sterilizing solution includes a chlorine dioxide solution with a concentration of 80-100 mg / L and / or a povidone-iodine solution.

[0027] In an alternative embodiment, before the drug-induced spawning of the first breeding frog and / or the second breeding frog, a step of surface disinfection of the first breeding frog and / or the second breeding frog is further included, and the surface disinfectant includes a sodium chloride solution and / or a potassium permanganate solution.

[0028] Alternatively, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 1-3%, and the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 10-20 mg / L. Specifically, the breeding frog can be soaked in the surface disinfectant for 15-20 min to achieve surface disinfection.

[0029] Alternatively, when selecting breeding frogs, the selection criteria include: individuals with strong physique, no injury or disability on the surface, good development, good activity, bright body color and clear back lines; female individuals above 50g, male individuals above 40g; frog age above one winter; the ratio of females to males is (1-3):(1-2).

[0030] Alternatively, when collecting frog eggs, a female frog of about 50g can produce about 1000-1500 eggs, and a female frog of more than 80g can produce about 2500-3000 eggs; the eggs should not be stirred within 1h after spawning, and the eggs should be collected before 10am or after 5pm, the same period eggs are moved into the same hatching pond with smooth hard containers, and the egg blocks are prevented from forming clusters; or a plastic plate of appropriate size is placed in the spawning pond before spawning, and then transferred to the hatching pond after the entire plate is covered with frog eggs.

[0031] In the above breeding method of Rana nigromaculata, if not specified, reasonable feeding, disease prevention and control, wastewater discharge and other operations are carried out according to conventional methods and conventional needs.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment, after the second frog eggs are hatched and cultivated, if the black-spotted frogs still do not reach the marketable size, the third-year August can be continued to cultivate to obtain sexually mature third frogs, and then the third frogs are continued to be paired and to lay eggs, and the obtained frog eggs are hatched and cultivated to reach the marketable size in the fourth-year April.

[0033] In an alternative embodiment, the basic process of the breeding method of the application can be as follows:

[0034] The early-bred breeding frogs are selected to be induced to lay eggs by drugs in the first-year November-middle December, and the fertilized eggs are laid about 2 days later and are hatched about 7 days later, the tadpoles metamorphose on land in the second-year February-middle, the breeding frogs are selected to be induced to lay eggs in the second-year September, the sexually mature breeding frogs are obtained to be paired and to lay eggs in the third-year August, and the black-spotted frogs reach the marketable size in the fourth-year April, and the market is started.

[0035] In an alternative embodiment, the cultivation process of the early-bred breeding frogs includes:

[0036] a1, in the first-year August, the parent frogs are induced to mature by hormones to obtain the mature parent frogs;

[0037] a2, in the first-year end of September, the mature parent frogs are induced to simulate hibernation to obtain the parent frogs to be induced to lay eggs; wherein the simulation hibernation includes:

[0038] the mature parent frogs are placed in a gradient temperature reduction environment with a daily temperature reduction of 1-2℃, and are cultured until the temperature is reduced to 6-8℃, and the culture time is 20-30 days;

[0039] a3, the female parent frogs and the male parent frogs in the parent frogs to be induced to lay eggs are paired and to lay eggs.

[0040] The technical solution of the application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0041] (1) The breeding method of the black-spotted side-fold frog provided by the application can effectively change the growth cycle of the black-spotted side-fold frog, adjust the marketable period of the black-spotted frog from August and September to March and April, and stagger the regular egg-laying period in March and April, so that the marketable large-sized frogs can be obtained in April, which can on the one hand meet the market demand for a long time, stabilize the market demand, and on the other hand significantly improve the economic benefits of the black-spotted side-fold frog breeding.

[0042] Specifically, the breeding method of the present application can break through the existing breeding technology, use the existing measures of the black-spotted frog breeding base, and through the technical means of ecological condition regulation, reasonable feeding, disease prevention and treatment, stagger the spawning period in March and April, and when listed in April, the size is large, which can significantly improve the economic benefit; at the same time, by regulating the water conditions at different development stages, the hatching rate and survival rate of tadpoles can be significantly improved, the yield can be increased, and the economic benefit can be increased.

[0043] (2) The breeding method of the black-spotted side-fold frog provided by the present application can significantly advance the spawning period of the black-spotted side-fold frog in the breeding process of early breeding frog, and further cultivate the black-spotted side-fold frog early breeding fry, significantly advance the listing time of fry and adult frog, and because of the early listing time, the price of fry and adult frog is higher. Moreover, because the spawning period of the parent frog is significantly advanced, the growth cycle of the fry (early breeding fry) to the adult frog is significantly prolonged, and the adult frog is fully grown when listed, so the size of the adult frog is larger and the yield is higher.

[0044] (3) The breeding method of the black-spotted side-fold frog provided by the present application has strong operability, high spawning rate and hatching rate; moreover, the technology is mature, safe and easy to operate, can be quickly mastered by breeders, can promote the breeders to increase income and become rich, solve employment, and has important economic and social significance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following examples are provided to better further understand the present application, and are not limited to the best mode, and do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present application. Any person under the inspiration of the present application or the combination of the present application with other prior art features can obtain any product same or similar to the present application, which falls within the protection scope of the present application.

[0046] In the examples, the specific experimental steps or conditions are not specified, which can be operated according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature or the conditions. The reagents or instruments used are not specified by the manufacturer, which are conventional reagent products that can be obtained by market purchase.

[0047] The present application is further described in detail below in combination with specific examples, which cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0048] Preparation examples

[0049] The breeding of the early breeding frog of the black-spotted side-fold frog is carried out according to the following method:

[0050] (1) In early August, two straight groove type frog pools were prepared as breeding pools (A and B), a bird-proof net was erected above the pools at a distance of 2.2 m from the ground, a 1.2 m high escape-proof net was arranged around the pools, and a filter escape-proof net was installed at the water inlet and outlet; then, the pools were disinfected by spraying slurry with lime at a dosage of 150 g / m 2 ;

[0051] (2) After 5 days, individual frogs without injury, with well-developed black spots and weighing more than 20 g were selected as parent frogs, the frogs were disinfected by salt water or potassium permanganate solution to kill the surface bacteria and parasites, and then were transferred to the early breeding parent frog breeding pool with a density of 10-15 frogs / m 2 ;

[0052] (3) The maturation agent (chorionic gonadotropin) was added to the feed, and the parent frogs in the breeding pool were fed, and the feeding amount of the maturation agent was controlled as follows: about 0.2-0.3 mg per 1 g of frog body weight, fed 1-2 times a day;

[0053] (4) In late September of the same year, when the parent frogs weighed about 30-35 g, wintering was simulated, the parent frogs were placed in a cold storage with a temperature of 8℃ for culture, and after 30 days of culture, the early breeding breed frogs of the black-spotted side-wrinkled frog were obtained.

[0054] During the breeding process, the water flow was kept for a long time, the water temperature was not higher than 30℃, the dissolved oxygen was not less than 3 mg / L, the water was changed after absorbing the sewage every day, the water change amount was 20%, the temperature difference between the added water and the breeding pool water was not more than 0.5℃, disease prevention was performed every half month, and the breeding pool was rotated every month. The drugs for disease prevention were 10% florfenicol, compound vitamin, Shuanghuanglian solution, 10% povidone iodine 1 mg / L, etc., and were used according to the specific disease.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The breeding of the black-spotted side-wrinkled frog was carried out according to the following method:

[0057] (1) About 10 days before breeding, the tadpole pool and the frog pool were disinfected by spraying with a 100 mg / L chlorine dioxide solution (i.e. 84 disinfectant), and were irrigated once before stocking to prevent drug residues;

[0058] (2) From mid-November to December of the first year, the early breeding breed frogs obtained in the preparation example were selected as the first frogs, among which the female frogs were 500 individuals with a weight of more than 50 g, the male frogs were 500 individuals with a weight of more than 40 g, and the frog age was more than one winter;

[0059] (3) Before breeding, the breed frogs were immersed in a 2% sodium chloride solution for 15-20 min, and then were washed and placed in the breed frog pool for drug-induced production;

[0060] Take three bottles of perphenazine injection (2 mL, 100 mg), 40 bottles of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 (0.1 mg) for injection, and 4 bottles of chorionic gonadotropin (10000 units) for injection, dilute with 500 mL of normal saline, inject 7 mL into female frogs and 3 mL into male frogs, and perform drug-induced parturition;

[0061] During drug-induced parturition, the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to 18℃, the water temperature is maintained at 15℃-25℃, and the pond for breeding frogs is kept clean and hygienic with fresh water; after 1 day, the parent frogs hold each other, and after 2 days, the first frog eggs are obtained;

[0062] (4) Collect the first frog eggs. When collecting the egg mass, it is strictly forbidden to stir within 1 hour of spawning, and the egg mass is collected at 10 am or 5 pm and moved to the same tadpole pond in a smooth hard container. The same period of egg grains are moved to the same tadpole pond in a smooth hard container, and care should be taken to prevent the egg mass from clumping; or a 40 cm * 50 cm black plastic plate is placed in the spawning pond before spawning, and after the entire plate is covered with frog eggs, it is transferred to the tadpole pond;

[0063] (5) Incubate and cultivate the first frog eggs. During incubation, the water temperature is maintained at 18℃-27℃, the frog egg density is 1500 pieces / m 2 , and the water depth is 8 cm; after incubation, the water depth is controlled at 20 cm until the tadpoles enter the metamorphic stage; when the tadpoles enter the metamorphic stage, the water depth is controlled at 40 cm. The tadpoles are fed with cooked egg yolks from the 3rd day to the 6th day after hatching, 1 egg per 2000 tadpoles per day, and after 3 days of feeding, sea powder is used for feeding; in the early stage of powder feeding, 500 g of powder is fed to 10 million tadpoles, twice a day, and when the tadpoles are bred for about 30 days, the powder can be mixed with granular feed for feeding, and the tadpoles are fed with granular feed after 4-6 days; when the tadpoles are bred for 40-50 days, the tadpoles begin to metamorphose, first stretching out the hind legs, and then stretching out the front legs, and the tail gradually degenerates, and the tadpoles completely metamorphose into black-spotted frogs.

[0064] (6) In September of the second year, the second type of frog reaches sexual maturity. Take the second type of frog and repeat the cultivation process of steps (3)-(5) to obtain marketable black-spotted frogs in April of the third year, and the final survival rate of the black-spotted frogs is 85%-90%.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The black-spotted side-gilled frogs are bred according to the method of Example 1, except that in step (5) of this example, during the incubation and cultivation of the first frog eggs, the water depth is controlled at 5 cm during incubation, and the water depth is controlled at 25 cm after incubation until the tadpoles enter the metamorphic stage, and when the tadpoles enter the metamorphic stage, the water depth is controlled at 30 cm.

[0067] In this embodiment, the survival rate of the black-spotted frogs is reduced to 75%-80% due to the relatively low water depth and insufficient space when the black-spotted frogs enter the metamorphic stage.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] The black-spotted side-swimming frogs are bred according to the method of Example 1, except that in step (5) of this embodiment, the water depth is controlled to be 10 cm during the incubation of the first frog eggs and the cultivation of the tadpoles, and the water depth is controlled to be 10 cm after the incubation is completed until the tadpoles enter the metamorphic stage. When the tadpoles enter the metamorphic stage, the water depth is controlled to be 50 cm.

[0070] In this embodiment, the final survival rate of the black-spotted frogs is 85%-90%.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] The black-spotted side-swimming frogs are bred according to the method of Example 1, except that in this comparative example, the breeding frogs are not induced to spawn by drugs.

[0073] In this comparative example, the final survival rate of the black-spotted frogs is 85.3%, which is similar to that of Example 1, but the black-spotted frogs cannot overwinter to achieve winter breeding.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] The black-spotted side-swimming frogs are bred according to the method of Example 1, except that in step (3) of this comparative example, the water temperature for inducing the breeding frogs to spawn by drugs is lower than 15°C.

[0076] In this comparative example, due to the excessively low water temperature, the drug effect cannot be fully exerted, and the winter breeding rate is only about 70% of that of Example 1, making it difficult to achieve the breeding effect.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] The black-spotted side-swimming frogs are bred according to the method of Example 1, except that in step (3) of this comparative example, the water temperature for inducing the breeding frogs to spawn by drugs is higher than 25°C.

[0079] In this comparative example, the final survival rate of the black-spotted frogs is 70-75%, and the excessively high water temperature leads to an increase in the reproduction of bacteria in the breeding pond and a disorder of the hormone regulation of the black-spotted frogs.

[0080] Comparative Example 4

[0081] The black-spotted side-swimming frogs are bred according to the method of Example 1, except that in step (5) of this comparative example, the water temperature during the incubation of the first frog eggs and the cultivation of the tadpoles is controlled to be lower than 18°C.

[0082] In this comparative example, the final survival rate of the black-spotted frogs is about 71.2%, and the relatively low water temperature difference has a small overall impact but poor winter breeding effect.

[0083] Comparative Example 5

[0084] The breeding of Pelophylax nigromaculatus was carried out according to the method of the example, except that in step (5) of the present comparative example, the water temperature during the incubation of the first frog eggs was controlled to be higher than 27°C.

[0085] In the present comparative example, the final survival rate of the Pelophylax nigromaculatus was 65-70%, and the high water temperature had a great impact on the Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and the survival rate of the Pelophylax nigromaculatus was low.

[0086] Comparative Example 6

[0087] The breeding of Pelophylax nigromaculatus was carried out according to the method of Example 1, except that in step (5) of the present comparative example, the water depth during the incubation of the first frog eggs was controlled to be lower than 5 cm, and after the incubation, the water depth was controlled to be lower than 10 cm until the tadpoles entered the metamorphic stage, and when the tadpoles entered the metamorphic stage, the water depth was controlled to be lower than 30 cm.

[0088] In the present comparative example, the water depth had a great impact on the Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and the spawning efficiency of the Pelophylax nigromaculatus was low.

[0089] Comparative Example 7

[0090] The breeding of Pelophylax nigromaculatus was carried out according to the method of Example 1, except that in step (5) of the present comparative example, the water depth during the incubation of the first frog eggs was controlled to be higher than 10 cm, and after the incubation, the water depth was controlled to be higher than 25 cm until the tadpoles entered the metamorphic stage, and when the tadpoles entered the metamorphic stage, the water depth was controlled to be higher than 50 cm.

[0091] In the present comparative example, the water depth was too large to affect the frogs to go ashore.

[0092] Obviously, the above examples are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. Here, it is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the embodiments. The obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for breeding a black-spotted frog, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. From mid-November to December of the first year, inducing spawning with drugs on a first species of frog, causing the frog to mate and lay eggs, thereby obtaining first frog eggs; wherein the first species of frog is an early-breeding frog of the black-spotted Pelophylax nigricans obtained by early-breeding breeding technology; S2. collecting and hatching the first frog eggs to obtain first tadpoles; S3, cultivating the first tadpoles to obtain a second species of sexually mature frog in September of the second year; S4, administering drugs to induce labor on the second frog species, allowing the frog species to mate and lay eggs, thereby obtaining second frog eggs; S5. Collecting the second frog eggs and hatching and cultivating them.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein In steps S1 and S4, the oxytocic agents used for the medical induced labor include domperidone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 and human chorionic gonadotropin; Optionally, the single administration amount of domperidone is 0.0001 to 0.0002 mg relative to 1 g of frog body weight, and is administered 1 to 2 times a day; The single administration dose of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 is 0.005-0.01 μg, administered 1-2 times a day; the single administration dose of chorionic gonadotropin is 0.2-0.3 IU, administered 1-2 times a day.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that The conditions for drug-induced labor include: The ambient temperature is above 18℃ and the water temperature is 15-25℃.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein In steps S2 and S5, the incubation conditions include: The density of frog eggs is 1000 to 2000 eggs / m 2 , the water temperature is 18-27℃, and the water depth is 5-10cm.

5. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that After hatching, the water depth is controlled at 10-25 cm until the tadpoles enter metamorphosis; And / or, when the tadpoles enter the metamorphosis stage, the water depth is controlled to 30 to 50 cm.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In steps S3 and S5, the cultivation includes: Starting from the third day after the tadpoles hatch, feed one cooked egg yolk for every 1,500 to 2,000 tadpoles, and feed them regularly in the evening every day; Optionally, when feeding the cooked egg yolk, the cooked egg yolk is squeezed into a paste and dispersed in water to form an egg yolk particle suspension, and then the egg yolk particle suspension is added to the tadpole pool, and water is stopped for at least 30 minutes during feeding.

7. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cultivation also includes: After feeding cooked egg yolks for 2 to 3 days, switch to feeding at least one of plant-based feed, small fish or compound feed, feeding 500g for every 100,000 tadpoles, once in the morning and evening every day, for 25 to 30 days.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein Frog breeding is carried out in frog breeding ponds, and tadpole breeding is carried out in tadpole ponds; The frog breeding pond and the tadpole pond are disinfected before use, and the disinfectant comprises a chlorine dioxide solution and / or a povidone-iodine solution with a concentration of 80-100 mg / L.

9. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before the drug-induced labor is performed on the first frog and / or the second frog, the method further includes the step of disinfecting the body surface of the first frog and / or the second frog, wherein the body surface disinfectant comprises a sodium chloride solution and / or a potassium permanganate solution; Optionally, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 1-3%, and the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 10-20 mg / L.

10. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The cultivation process of the early-breeding frog comprises: a1. In August of the first year, the parent frogs are ripened with hormones to obtain the ripened parent frogs; a2. At the end of September of the first year, the parent frog after the accelerated maturation is subjected to simulated hibernation to obtain the parent frog to be laid eggs; wherein, the simulated hibernation comprises: The ripened parent frogs are placed in a gradient cooling environment with a daily temperature drop of 1 to 2°C until the temperature drops to 6 to 8°C, and then cultured for 20 to 30 days; a3. The female parent frog and the male parent frog among the parent frogs to be laid eggs are allowed to mate and lay eggs.