Container with physical non-stick structure and cooking utensil

Abstract

The invention discloses a container with a physical non-stick structure and a cooking utensil, the container comprises a body, the body is provided with a bottom surface and side surfaces, the bottom surface and the side surfaces define a cooking space for containing food materials, the container is characterized in that the bottom surface is provided with a first-stage physical hardening layer formed by inducing plastic rheology on the surface through a controllable energy carrier, and the first-stage physical hardening layer is provided with a second-stage physical hardening layer; irregular concave-convex textures which are randomly distributed are arranged on the surface of the primary physical hardening layer; the concave-convex textures are set as follows: the range of the three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa of the surface is 6 microns to 18 microns; the surface three-dimensional root mean square height Sq ranges from 7.5 [mu] m to 24.3 [mu] m. The container with the physical non-stick structure and the cooking utensil have non-stick performance, and compared with a traditional method, the container is simple in process and low in cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cooking utensils, in particular to a container with a physically non-stick structure and a cooking utensil. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the acceleration of modern life, non-stick pots have become an indispensable cooking utensil in the home kitchen due to their excellent non-stickness, easy cleaning, and low smoke, etc. The mainstream non-stick pot products on the market currently mainly use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, commonly known as Teflon) as the surface coating material. Polytetrafluoroethylene has extremely low surface energy and friction coefficient, which can effectively prevent food from adhering, and at the same time has good corrosion resistance and chemical stability.

[0003] However, while polytetrafluoroethylene coating brings convenience, it also comes with a series of safety hazards and performance limitations. According to international authoritative agencies and a number of research data, polytetrafluoroethylene is non-toxic and harmless at room temperature, but it will decompose at high temperature, releasing a variety of toxic gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including hydrogen fluoride (HF), perfluoroisobutylene, fluorinated phosgene, etc., which can cause damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, and immune system of the human body. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Chinese National Food Safety Standard clearly state that the use temperature of polytetrafluoroethylene coating should not exceed 250℃. However, in actual cooking processes, especially in high-temperature stir-frying, deep-frying, or long-time dry boiling operations, the surface temperature of the pot body is easily over 260℃, even up to 350℃ or above, resulting in a significant increase in the risk of coating decomposition.

[0004] In addition, polytetrafluoroethylene coating generally has poor wear resistance and is prone to scratching and falling off. Consumers are likely to cause coating damage when using metal spatulas or steel balls to clean the pot, resulting in the generation of debris falling into food and the risk of accidental ingestion. Although the current mainstream view is that polytetrafluoroethylene debris is non-toxic and can be excreted through metabolism, long-term ingestion may still pose a potential threat to human health, especially for infants and the elderly. More seriously, some low-quality or old coating products may release perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other carcinogenic processing aids at high temperatures, although PFOA has been banned by most countries in the world since 2012, but there are still some non-compliant products on the market.

[0005] To overcome the above problems, in recent years, the "honeycomb structure" non-stick pot technology has emerged. This technology processes uniform grooves on the surface of the stainless steel base material, then locally coats polytetrafluoroethylene, retains the coating in the grooves to achieve non-stick performance, and relies on the stainless steel material to resist scratches on the exposed part. Although this solution has improved wear resistance, it still relies on a polytetrafluoroethylene coating and has not fundamentally solved the problem of high-temperature decomposition and falling off. At the same time, since stainless steel itself does not have non-stick properties, the exposed area is prone to sticking, affecting the user experience.

[0006] Therefore, the existing technology cannot meet the comprehensive needs of non-stickness, high-temperature resistance, wear resistance, and food safety. Developing a new type of cooking container that does not require chemical coating, has physical non-stick properties, and is resistant to high temperature and wear has become a technical problem that the industry urgently needs to solve. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a container with a physical non-stick structure and a cooking appliance, which can improve the non-stick performance of the surface of the metal material and has the advantages of wear resistance and not easy to fall off.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a container with a physical non-stick structure, comprising a body, the body having a bottom surface and a side surface, the bottom surface and the side surface enclosing a cooking space for containing food materials, the bottom surface having a first physical hardening layer formed by inducing plastic rheology on the surface through a controllable energy carrier, the surface of the first physical hardening layer having randomly distributed irregular concave-convex textures, the concave-convex textures being arranged as: the surface three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa ranges from 6 μm to 18 μm; the surface three-dimensional root mean square height Sq ranges from 7.5 μm to 24.3 μm.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the concave-convex textures with a three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa of 6-18 μm and a three-dimensional root mean square height Sq of 7.5-24.3 μm are formed on the surface of the first physical hardening layer, which can construct a "lotus leaf-like" micro-nano composite structure on the metal surface. This scale interval has the functions of locking and aggregating oil, which not only ensures the capillary stable spreading of the oil film, but also forms sufficient air cushion storage cavities, thereby realizing the physical non-stick effect of increasing the static contact angle and reducing the dynamic rolling angle without relying on chemical coating.

[0010] In further solutions in combination with the first aspect, the concave-convex textures are further arranged as: the highest peak height Sp ranges from 25 μm to 160 μm; the deepest valley depth Sv ranges from 20 μm to 150 μm; the maximum height difference Sz ranges from 60 μm to 300 μm; and simultaneously satisfying the following relationship: 0.8≤Sp / Sv≤4.0; Sz≥10×Sa; Sv≥1.5×Sq 0.7 .

[0011] By adopting the technical scheme, by limiting the mathematical coupling relationship of Sp / Sv, Sz / Sa, and Sv / Sq^0.7, the peak-valley ratio, bearing ratio, and fractal dimension of the texture are ensured to be in the optimal interval. Experiments show that the parameter combination can make the surface profile support rate Rmc(50%)≥60%, significantly reduce the real contact area of the food material and the surface, and realize dynamic non-stick through the "air cushion-oil film synergistic effect".

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, a secondary physical hardening layer with wear resistance is arranged on the surface of the primary physical hardening layer and is formed by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or plasma spraying process.

[0013] By adopting the technical scheme, the introduction of the secondary physical hardening layer (such as CrN, ZrN, TiN, TiAlN, TiSiN, and diamond-like carbon DLC) increases the surface hardness to 1200-2800 HV, while keeping the change of surface roughness Sa less than 5%. The composite structure is designed in a gradient of "soft base-hardening layer-hard coating", which greatly improves the wear life compared with traditional physical non-stick cookware without sacrificing the non-stick texture, and does not have the risk of chemical coating falling off.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, the concave-convex texture is further arranged as: the surface three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa ranges from 8.5 μm to 15 μm; and satisfies the relationship: Sq = (1.22±0.05)×Sa; 1.5 ≤ Sp / Sv ≤ 2.2.

[0015] By adopting the technical scheme, by narrowing Sa to 8.5-15 μm and locking the linear relationship of Sq / Sa, the isotropy (anisotropy coefficient <1.1) of the texture is further optimized. The parameter interval stabilizes the surface oil film thickness at 2-4 μm, and significantly suppresses the "dry burning and sticking" phenomenon.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, the concave-convex texture is further arranged as: the maximum height difference Sz ranges from 150 μm to 240 μm; wherein the highest peak Sp ranges from 80 μm to 130 μm; the deepest valley depth Sv ranges from 50 μm to 110 μm; and satisfies: 1.4 ≤ Sp / Sv ≤ 2.0.

[0017] It is found through experimental tests that when Sz is limited to 150-240 μm and Sp / Sv = 1.4-2.0, the oil storage volume fraction of the concave-convex texture is improved, the adhesion work of the food material at a high temperature of 200℃ is reduced, and the non-stick durability and mechanical durability are taken into account.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, the concave-convex texture simultaneously satisfies: Sa = 10.5 ± 0.3 μm, Sz = 195 ± 8 μm; and, Sp / Sv = 1.85 ± 0.1.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the "golden parameter window" is verified by Monte Carlo simulation, which can make the surface contact angle hysteresis Δθ relatively small, realize the physical non-stick of "less oil fried egg" level, or even "no oil fried egg" level.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, the plastic rheology is realized by dynamic energy micro-texture processing, including: discrete hard particle kinetic energy impact, wherein: the impact particles are spherical microparticles with a diameter of 0.05-0.5 mm and a Vickers hardness ≥ 300 HV, the kinetic energy load range is 4-7 J / cm², the particle incidence angle is 60° ± 5°, and the incidence velocity range is 90-130 m / s, the surface coverage range is 150%-250%, and the repeated impact area is ≤ 10%; or, high-energy pulsed light beam impact, wherein: the light beam is a nanosecond laser with a wavelength of 1024-1080 nm and a pulse width of 100-500 ns, the energy density is 10-25 J / cm², and the light spot overlap rate is 30-50%, the scanning path is a fractal curve with a fractal dimension of 1.6-1.8.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, both processes can induce gradient nanocrystalline structures in the metal surface layer to form a synergistic strengthening of the "work-hardened layer + oil storage texture". The plastic rheology depth of dynamic impact can reach 100-300 μm, which can improve the surface residual compressive stress to -800 MPa and inhibit crack initiation.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, the profile support rate Rmc of the concave-convex texture satisfies: At 30% depth cutting: Rmc(30%) = 45%-55%; At 70% depth cutting: Rmc(70%) = 75%-85%; And the texture distribution conforms to Weibull modulus m = 2.8-3.4 (measured by three-dimensional white light interferometer).

[0023] By adopting the above technical scheme, the limitation of the Rmc parameter ensures the "bimodal distribution" feature of the texture, that is, the functional separation of the shallow micro-convex body (carrying 80% of the contact load) and the deep valley (storing lubricating medium), thereby simultaneously meeting the non-stick and wear-resistant requirements. The Weibull modulus m = 2.8-3.4 indicates that the texture failure probability obeys a reliable Weibull distribution, and the coupling control of Rmc and the Weibull modulus ensures that the texture failure presents "progressive wear" rather than "brittle spalling".

[0024] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, the concave-convex texture parameter of the side surface is set as: Three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa side = (0.6~0.8) x Sa bottom; Sv side = (0.45~0.65) x Sv bottom; And the profile peak sharpness Spk of the side surface texture is less than or equal to 1.2.

[0025] By adopting the above technical scheme, the "gradient weakening" design (Sa side < Sa bottom) of the side surface texture not only reduces the edge food splashing, but also reduces the risk of cleaning scratches; at the same time, the sharp peak passivation of Spk ≤ 1.2 reduces the risk of scratches during cleaning.

[0026] In the second aspect, the application provides a cooking utensil comprising the container with the physical non-stick structure according to the first aspect.

[0027] By adopting the above technical scheme, the physical non-stick container is integrated into utensils such as frying pans, frying pans or air fryers, which can completely replace the traditional chemical coating scheme to realize "full life cycle without coating falling off" safe cooking.

[0028] In summary, the application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Breakthrough of chemical coating temperature bottleneck: realize non-stick performance through physical surface texture, and the temperature resistance is improved to the limit of the base metal (>600℃), which completely eliminates the decomposition risk of polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0029] 2. Wear resistance order of magnitude improvement: the secondary hardened layer + the primary texture reduces the surface wear rate, and the service life is significantly improved.

[0030] 3. Parameterized design theory innovation: First to establish the mathematical coupling model of Sp / Sv, Sz / Sa, Rmc and other parameters, realize the predictability and reproducibility of non-stick performance.

[0031] 4. Full life cycle safety: No chemical coating, no risk of falling off, in line with EU REACH and China GB 4806 food safety standards, can directly contact infant food. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a 50 times magnification of the prior art non-stick structure; Figure 2 is a 100 times magnification of the prior art non-stick structure; Figure 3 is a 50 times magnification of the physical non-stick structure of the present application; Figure 4 is a 100 times magnification of the physical non-stick structure of the present application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a metal substrate with the physical non-stick structure of the present application; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the concave-convex texture of the present application; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the physical non-stick structure with a secondary physical hardening layer of the present application; Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the cooking utensil of the present application; Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the cooking utensil of the present application.

[0033] REFERENCE NUMERALS: 1. Prior art non-stick structure; 11. Groove; 12. Convex surface; 2. Concave-convex texture; 21. Convex part; 22. Concave part; 3. Physical vapor deposition layer; 4. Pot body; 41. Inner surface; 411. Bottom area; 412. Side area; 42. Outer surface; 5. Handle; Sp. Highest peak height; Sv. Deepest valley depth; Sz. Maximum height difference; 100. Metal substrate; 200. Physical non-stick structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on their specific circumstances.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on this application.

[0038] The following describes some embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the features of the following embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0039] Description of the prior art background and creative improvements of the present invention: In the field of physical non-stick container technology, traditional technologies have attempted to achieve a non-stick effect by constructing concave-convex structures on the container surface. However, this has significant limitations: existing technologies have large design parameters for concave-convex structures and rely heavily on empirical attempts. They lack systematic theoretical support and comprehensive experimental verification, resulting in a high degree of randomness in the selection of structural parameters and a lack of clarity in the matching relationships between key parameters (such as surface roughness, peak-to-valley ratio, height difference, etc.). Figure 1 and Figure 2 An enlarged view of the grooves 11 and convex surfaces 12 of the prior art non-stick structure 1 shows that the surface hardening of the prior art non-stick structure 1 is relatively flat, and the grooves 11 are relatively shallow, which does not effectively lock in oil and achieve long-lasting non-stick performance. This directly results in an unstable non-stick effect, and the surface texture of containers produced from different batches is inconsistent, making it difficult to achieve stable large-scale production.

[0040] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4The present application is directed to the above problems, through in-depth theoretical research (including surface interface physics, oil film capillary mechanism in fluid mechanics, thermodynamic stability analysis of air cushion storage cavity, etc.) and a large number of comparative experiments (more than 500 groups of texture preparation and performance test of different parameter combinations are completed), the internal relationship between the concave-convex texture 2 parameters and the non-stick performance and process stability is systematically revealed, and the optimal range of key parameters and the mutual matching relationship are finally determined, realizing the stabilization of physical non-stick effect and the reproducibility of process. For the non-stick structure of the prior art, the convex part 21 and the concave part 22 of the non-stick structure of the present application are relatively clear, and the concave part 22 can realize stable oil locking and then realize persistent non-stick performance.

[0041] Embodiment one: basic physical non-stick structure 200 and core parameter design Please refer to Figures 3-6 The embodiment provides a container with a physical non-stick structure 200, comprising a body. The body has a bottom surface and a side surface, which enclose a cooking space for containing food materials. The bottom surface has a primary physical hardening layer formed by inducing plastic rheology on the surface through a controllable energy carrier, and the surface of the primary physical hardening layer has randomly distributed irregular concave-convex textures 2.

[0042] In the prior art, similar textures Sq and Sa have no clear correlation, so that the oil film cannot be stably spread or the air cushion storage cavity is prone to collapse.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 5 By constructing a "lotus leaf-like" composite structure on the surface of the metal base material 100, the surface of the primary physical hardening layer in the embodiment has randomly distributed irregular concave-convex textures 2.

[0044] Through systematic experimental verification of the present application: when the surface three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa of the concave-convex texture 2 is in the range of 6-18 μm, and the surface three-dimensional root mean square height Sq is in the range of 7.5-24.3 μm, an optimal balance can be achieved. This scale interval not only ensures the capillary stable spreading of the oil film through the synergistic effect of Sa and Sq (the critical tension of the oil film is increased to more than 1.5 times of the traditional parameter), but also forms sufficient air cushion storage cavities (the air cushion retention rate is ≥90% at a cooking temperature of 80°C), thereby realizing stable physical non-stick effect of increasing static contact angle (≥105°) and reducing dynamic rolling angle (≤15°) without relying on chemical coating.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 6In some embodiments, the parameters of the concave-convex texture 2 are further limited as follows: the maximum peak height Sp ranges from 25 μm to 160 μm; the maximum valley depth Sv ranges from 20 μm to 150 μm; the maximum height difference Sz ranges from 60 μm to 300 μm; and the following relationships are simultaneously satisfied: 0.8≤Sp / Sv≤4.0 (to ensure the mechanical balance of the peak-valley structure and avoid easy wear of the peak or easy blockage of the valley); Sz≥10×Sa (to ensure sufficient deep oil storage space and meet the long-term cooking lubrication requirement); Sv≥1.5×Sq 0 7 (by correlating the valley depth and the root mean square height, the oil film retention capacity is optimized).

[0046] Experiments show that this combination of parameters can make the surface profile support rate Rmc (50%)≥60%. Comparative experiments show that the containers with this parameter have a food material falling rate of 100% in 20 consecutive egg frying tests, while the containers with traditional parameters (Sp / Sv=0.6 or 4.5) have a local sticking problem after the 5th test, and the falling rate is reduced to less than 70%. This confirms that the parameters of the present application significantly reduce the actual contact area of the food material and the surface through the "air cushion-oil film synergistic effect", and achieve the stability of dynamic non-stick.

[0047] In some embodiments, the concave-convex texture 2 is further optimized as follows: the surface three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa ranges from 8.5 μm to 15 μm; and the following relationship is satisfied: Sq=(1.22±0.05)×Sa (to lock the linear correlation between Sa and Sq, and ensure the isotropy of the texture); 1.5≤Sp / Sv≤2.2 (to further narrow the peak-valley ratio range and improve process reproducibility).

[0048] By narrowing Sa to 8.5-15 μm and locking the linear relationship of Sq / Sa, the anisotropy coefficient of the texture is <1.1 (traditional technology is mostly >1.3), which effectively avoids the local non-stick failure caused by the directionality of the texture. In actual application tests, this parameter range stabilizes the surface oil film thickness at 2-4 μm (the traditional parameter oil film thickness fluctuates in the range of 1-6 μm), which significantly suppresses the "dry sticking" phenomenon: after being heated at 300°C for 5 minutes, the surface of the container cooled to room temperature still maintains an intact oil film, while the oil film fracture area of the traditional parameter container is more than 30%.

[0049] Embodiment two: high-temperature non-stick durability parameter optimization Please refer to Figure 6 ​The difference between the embodiment and embodiment one is that the concave-convex texture 2 parameters are further optimized for the non-stick durability requirement of high-temperature cooking scenes (such as deep-frying and stir-frying): the range of the maximum height difference Sz is 150 μm to 240 μm; wherein the range of the highest peak height Sp is 80 μm to 130 μm; the range of the deepest valley depth Sv is 50 μm to 110 μm; and 1.4≤Sp / Sv≤2.0 is satisfied.

[0050] In the conventional technology, Sz is less than 100 μm or greater than 300 μm, and Sz that is too small leads to insufficient oil storage volume, and the oil film is easily exhausted at high temperature; and Sz that is too large leads to insufficient mechanical strength of the texture structure, and easy wear. It is found through experimental tests that when Sz is limited to 150-240 μm and Sp / Sv=1.4-2.0, the oil storage volume fraction of the concave-convex texture 2 is increased to 1.8 times that of the conventional parameters, and the adhesion work of the food material at 200℃ high temperature is reduced by more than 40% (adhesion work≤35 mN / m, and the conventional parameters are more than 55 mN / m). Comparative experiments show that at 200℃, 50 consecutive tests of stir-frying of five-spice pork are performed, and no scab residue is present on the surface of the container of the embodiment, while obvious scab adhesion is present on the surface of the container of the conventional parameters after the 20th test.

[0051] In a further scheme, the concave-convex texture 2 simultaneously satisfies: Sa=10.5±0.3 μm, Sz=195±8 μm; and Sp / Sv=1.85±0.1. The "golden parameter window" is verified by Monte Carlo simulation (simulation times>1000 times), and can make the surface contact angle hysteresis Δθ≤8° (the conventional parameters Δθ are more than 15°). In actual cooking demonstration, the parameters achieve the "less-oil fried eggs" level (the oil amount is only 1 / 3 of that of the conventional non-stick pan), and even under certain conditions (such as after pretreatment), the "no-oil fried eggs" effect is achieved: after the fried eggs are completed in the no-oil state, the egg body can be completely detached by slightly shaking the container, and the residual area of the eggshell is less than 5%, while the residual area of the conventional physical non-stick pan is more than 30% when the eggs are fried in the no-oil state.

[0052] Embodiment three: gradient optimization design of side texture The difference between the embodiment and the above embodiments is that in view of the problem that food material splashes and scratches occur on the side of the container, the side texture is designed to be "gradient weakened": the side also has a physical hardening layer of irregular concave-convex texture randomly distributed, and the parameters are set as: Three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa side =(0.6∼0.8)×Sa bottom; Sv side =(0.45∼0.65)×Sv bottom; The profile peak sharpness Spk of the side texture is less than or equal to 1.2 (the conventional technology Spk is more than 1.5).

[0053] In the conventional technology, the side surface and the bottom surface have the same texture parameters, which causes food materials to easily splash and the side surface to be easily scratched. The "gradient weakening" design of the present application makes the side surface Sa smaller than the bottom surface. Experiments show that, without a secondary hardening layer, the amount of food material splashing during the stir-frying process is reduced compared to the conventional design, and the surface scratch depth during cleaning is <0.5 μm (the conventional design is >2 μm) due to the peak blunting of Spk≤1.2, thereby prolonging the service life of the container.

[0054] Example Four: Wear-resistant composite structure design Please refer to Figure 7 The difference between the present embodiment and the above-described embodiments is that, to solve the problem of insufficient wear resistance of the conventional physical non-stick pot, a secondary physical hardening layer is arranged on the surface of the primary physical hardening layer: a secondary physical hardening layer with wear resistance is coated by physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or plasma spraying process, and the material can be selected from CrN, ZrN, TiN, TiAlN, TiSiN, or diamond-like carbon (DLC). In the present embodiment, a physical vapor deposition layer 3 is coated on the surface of the convex part 21 and the concave part 22 of the concave-convex texture 2 by physical vapor deposition process, so as to improve the wear resistance of the surface of the concave-convex texture 2.

[0055] In the conventional technology, directly increasing the surface hardness can easily cause the texture structure to be damaged (Sa change rate >10%). The present application uses the "soft base - hardening layer - hard coating" gradient design to increase the surface hardness of the secondary physical hardening layer to 1200-2800 HV, while accurately controlling the process parameters (such as PVD deposition temperature 300-400℃, deposition rate 0.5-1 μm / h) to keep the surface roughness Sa change <5%. Wear resistance test comparison shows that, after 10000 times of steel wire ball friction test (load 5N) of the container of the present embodiment, the Sa change rate is <8%, and the non-stick performance retention rate is ≥90%; while the Sa change rate of the conventional physical non-stick pot is >20% after 3000 times of test, and the non-stick performance fails. At the same time, since there is no chemical coating, there is no risk of coating falling off of the conventional chemical non-stick pot, thereby solving the food safety hidden danger.

[0056] Example Five: Processing technology for stabilizing texture The present embodiment discloses a processing technology for forming a primary physical hardening layer on the surface by using a controllable energy carrier to induce plastic flow, so as to solve the problem of poor texture consistency in the conventional technology. The plastic flow is achieved by dynamic energy micro-texture treatment, including the following two ways: Way One: Kinetic Impact of Discrete Hard Particles Impact particles are spherical microparticles with a diameter of 0.05-0.5mm (material options: WC, Al2O3 or stainless steel), Vickers hardness ≥300HV (to ensure effective plastic shaping of the metal surface); kinetic energy load range is 4-7J / cm², particle incidence angle is 60°±5°, incidence velocity range is 90-130m / s, surface coverage range is 150%-250%, and repeated impact area is ≤10%. The traditional process does not control the repeated impact area (more than 20%), resulting in local over-hardening or damage of the surface texture. This process precisely controls the parameters, and after processing the surface of stainless steel, the batch difference rate of the three-dimensional morphology of the texture is <3% (traditional process >10%).

[0057] In order to perform one-time automatic numerical control ejection strengthening treatment on the surface under the conditions of 60°±5° incidence angle, 90-130m / s particle velocity, 4-7J / cm² kinetic energy density, and 150-250% coverage, and to form uniform and dense concave-convex texture to achieve the purpose of long-term physical non-stick performance, the following process operation can be referred to.

[0058] Equipment and material preparation: 1. Automatic numerical control ejection strengthening machine (built-in rotating workbench, double spray gun, PLC programmable).

[0059] 2. Air compressor: maximum working pressure ≥5MPa, pressure stabilizing tank & three-stage filtration / drying.

[0060] 3. Steel balls (or glass balls, ceramic balls): hardness ≥300HV, particle size is selected according to the ratio of 20%:50%:30%; S50 (φ0.05mm), S150 (φ0.15mm), S300 (φ0.30mm).

[0061] 4. Coverage fluorescent detection liquid, Almen A test piece, angle gauge, speedometer (or laser Doppler).

[0062] 5. PPE: mask, earplugs, dust-proof clothes, impact-resistant gloves, safety shoes.

[0063] Specific process settings: Processing process steps: 1. Pretreatment 1.1 Ultrasonic or alkaline water cleaning → degreasing rinse → 80°C drying 1.2 Mask non-spraying area (outer wall, label, thread) 2. Equipment inspection 2.1 Empty the condensate tank and confirm that the pressure gauge reading is consistent with the PLC reading 2.2 Empty the recycle bin, install the particle size screen, and load 75 kg of mixed new beads 2.3 Confirm the angle of the spray gun to be 60° using a protractor and a laser alignment tool 2.4 Install 3 Almen A test pieces on the outer circle of the workbench and perform a 10 s test spray; an arc height of 0.15-0.20 mm is considered acceptable (corresponding to approximately 5 J / cm²) 3. Automatic program upload PLC step example: • 00:00-00:12 Valve open to feed beads (12 g / s);  • 00:00-00:12 Workbench synchronized at 60 rpm, spray gun Z-axis spiral descent from 140 mm to 70 mm;  • 00:12-00:15 Stop bead feeding, only blow 0.5 MPa air purge.

[0064] 4. Formal numerical control ejection strengthening 4.1 Insert the workpiece and lock the fixture, close the safety door 4.2 "START"→ Automatic run for 15 s 4.3 Monitor the PLC pressure curve within ±0.1 MPa without fluctuations, and observe that the dust removal air volume is ≥90% of the rated value 5. Finishing and inspection 5.1 High-pressure oil-free gas + vibration table bead cleaning for 30 s 5.2 Fluorescent liquid coverage rate sampling ≥150% (luminescent dead angle ≤2%) 5.3 Visual: The surface should be uniform and matte, without bright spots or ablation black spots 5.4 Record: Workpiece number, numerical control ejection strengthening time, Almen value, coverage rate, batch number.

[0065] Key calculation example (for machine adjustment reference): 1. Kinetic energy density E: E = ½ · ṁ · v² · t / A If ṁ = 24 g / s (double gun), v = 110 m / s, t = 15 s, A = 932 cm² ⇒ E ≈ 5.2 J / cm² 2. Coverage rate C (empirical formula): C = 1 – e^(–N); N = (ṁ · t) / (m single bead · A); m single bead (φ0.15 mm) ≈ 1.4 × 10⁻ 4 g; → Set ṁ = 24 g / s, t = 15 s, N ≈ 2.5 → C ≈ 91 %; Due to the mixing of bead diameters and cross trajectories, the actual value can reach 180-200% (measured as accurate).

[0066] Common deviations and adjustments: 1. Insufficient coverage → slow down the workbench speed or increase the spraying time by 2-3 s; 2. Surface is too coarse or too fine → adjust the pressure or adjust the large particle size ratio; 3. Spray point brightening → confirm the angle error <5°, check if the nozzle is eccentric.

[0067] Method two: high-energy pulsed light beam impact The light beam is a nanosecond laser with a wavelength of 1024-1080 nm, a pulse width of 100-500 ns, an energy density of 10-25 J / cm², and a light spot overlap rate of 30-50%. The scanning path is a fractal curve (fractal dimension 1.6-1.8). Traditional laser processing mostly uses straight lines or grid paths, which can easily lead to strong directionality of the texture. This process uses fractal path scanning, making the texture anisotropy coefficient <1.1, and the standard deviation of the texture parameters in batch production <0.5 μm (traditional process >1.2 μm).

[0068] Both processes can induce gradient nanocrystalline structures in the metal surface layer (grain size gradually transitions from 50-100 nm on the surface to 500-800 nm in the substrate), forming a synergistic strengthening of the "work-hardened layer + oil storage texture". The depth of plastic flow due to dynamic impact can reach 100-300 μm, increasing the surface residual compressive stress to -800 MPa (traditional process ≤-500 MPa), effectively inhibiting crack initiation.

[0069] The profile support rate Rmc of concave-convex texture 2 satisfies: At a depth of 30% cutting: Rmc (30%) = 45%-55%; At a depth of 70% cutting: Rmc (70%) = 75%-85%; And the texture distribution conforms to the Weibull modulus m=2.8-3.4 (measured by a three-dimensional white light interferometer).

[0070] The definition of Rmc parameters ensures the "bimodal distribution" feature of the texture: shallow micro-convexities (height 0-30% Sz) bear 80% of the contact load, and deep grooves (depth 70%-100% Sz) store lubricating medium, with clear separation of functions. Traditional technology Rmc parameters do not have this design, resulting in a conflict between the bearing and oil storage functions. The Weibull modulus m=2.8-3.4 indicates that the texture failure probability obeys a reliable distribution, making the texture wear "progressive" (each wear fluctuation <5%) rather than the traditional "brittle spalling" (single spalling area can reach more than 10%), significantly improving process stability.

[0071] Embodiment Six: Cooking Appliance Application Please refer to Figure 8 The embodiment discloses a cooking appliance, including catering appliances and cooking appliances, integrating the above-mentioned physically non-stick container in appliances such as frying pans, frying pans, or air fryers, which can completely replace traditional chemical coating schemes and achieve safe cooking with "no coating peeling throughout the life cycle".

[0072] This embodiment takes a frying pan as an example: when the above-mentioned container with a physically non-stick structure is used as a pan body 4, through parameter coordination optimization and process stability control of the bottom surface and the side surface, the frying pan performs excellently in Chinese cooking scenarios.

[0073] The frying pan includes a pan body 4 and a handle 5, and the inner surface 41 of the frying pan body 4 has a concave-convex texture of any one of the physically non-stick structures of embodiments one, two, and four, which is processed by the processing technology of embodiment five. In actual application, in order to achieve better non-stick performance, the inner surface 41 of the pan body 4 can be provided with the physically non-stick structure. In this embodiment, only a frying pan is taken as an example, and in actual application, the physically non-stick structure can be applied to the surfaces of all cooking appliances, including catering appliances and cooking appliances, including but not limited to containers of cooking appliances (syrup machine cup body, electric rice cooker, pressure cooker, electric fire pot inner container, or oven box, etc.), juicer cup body, spatula, etc.

[0074] Compared with traditional chemical coating frying pans and existing physically non-stick pans, when the above-mentioned container with a physically non-stick structure is used as a pan body 4 of a frying pan, the overall performance of the frying pan is greatly improved. The advantages of the frying pan of this embodiment are as follows: Non-stick stability: after 100 times of diversified cooking (frying, frying, frying, boiling), the non-stick performance retention rate is ≥95%, and there is no local failure; Process reproducibility: the batch difference rate of key texture parameters Sa, Sq, and Sp / Sv of 100 frying pans produced in different batches is <4%, which is much lower than 15% of traditional technology; Safety durability: after 3 years of use (simulating daily use frequency), the surface has no risk of coating peeling off, the texture parameter change rate is <10%, and it still maintains good non-stick effect.

[0075] In actual cooking, the wok is used to cook Chinese dishes such as stir-frying vegetables. Due to the physical non-stick structure of the bottom and sides, the food is not easy to stick to the pot, the stir-frying is more smooth, the food can be quickly and evenly heated, and the retention rate of nutrients such as vitamins is higher. Moreover, during cleaning, due to the non-stick structure, stains can be easily cleaned without using a large amount of chemical cleaner, reducing chemical residues and meeting the concept of modern healthy cooking. At the same time, due to the absence of chemical coating peeling risk, the service life of the wok is greatly extended, providing users with a more economical, safe and efficient cooking option.

[0076] In summary, the present application solves the core problems of unstable non-stick effect and poor process reproducibility in traditional physical non-stick technology through systematic parameter optimization, structure design and process control, achieving stable, durable and safe physical non-stick performance.

[0077] Example Seven: Another application of cooking utensils Please refer to Figure 9 The difference between this embodiment and example six is that the inner surface 41 of the wok body 4 is provided with the physical non-stick structure processed by the processing technology of example five, realizing the concave-convex texture with different parameters and performance of the bottom area 411 and the side area 412 of the wok. In specific application, the bottom area 411 and the side area 412 do not have the clear boundary as shown in the figure, and the figure is only for illustrative purposes. In actual production, the bottom area 411 and the side area 412 will have a transition zone, but the non-stick performance of the bottom area 411 cooking area should be given priority to ensure the premise.

[0078] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above examples, and the above examples and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, the present application can have various changes, modifications, replacements and variations, which all fall within the scope of the claimed present application.

Claims

1. A container with a physical non-stick structure, comprising a body having a bottom surface and side surfaces, wherein the bottom surface and side surfaces enclose a cooking space for accommodating food, characterized in that: The bottom surface has a primary physical hardening layer formed by inducing plastic rheology on the surface by a controllable energy carrier, and the surface of the primary physical hardening layer has a randomly distributed irregular concave-convex texture, and the concave-convex texture is set as: The range of the surface three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa is 6μm to 18μm; The surface three-dimensional root mean square height Sq ranges from 7.5 μm to 24.3 μm.

2. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bump texture is further configured as: The highest peak height Sp ranges from 25 μm to 160 μm; The deepest valley depth Sv ranges from 20 μm to 150 μm; The maximum height difference Sz ranges from 60μm to 300μm; And at the same time satisfy the following relationship: 0.8≤Sp / Sv≤4.0; Sz≥10×Sa; Sv≥1.5×Sq 0.7 。 3. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A secondary physical hardening layer with wear resistance is provided on the surface of the primary physical hardening layer and is formed by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma spraying process.

4. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bump texture is further configured as: The range of the three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa of the surface is 8.5 μm to 15 μm; And satisfy the relationship: Sq = (1.22±0.05)×Sa; 1.5 ≤ Sp / Sv ≤ 2.

2.

5. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bump texture is further configured as: The maximum height difference Sz ranges from 150 μm to 240 μm; Among them, the highest peak height Sp ranges from 80 μm to 130 μm; The deepest valley depth Sv ranges from 50 μm to 110 μm; And it satisfies: 1.4 ≤ Sp / Sv ≤ 2.

0.

6. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The concave-convex texture satisfies the following requirements: Sa=10.5±0.3μm, Sz=195±8μm; And, Sp / Sv=1.85±0.

1.

7. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic rheology is achieved by dynamic energy micro-texturing processing, including: Discrete hard particle kinetic impact, where: The impact particles are spherical particles with a diameter of 0.05-0.5mm and a Vickers hardness of ≥300HV. The kinetic energy load range is 4-7J / cm², the particle incident angle is 60°±5°, and the incident velocity range is 90-130m / s. Surface coverage range is 150%-250% with repeated impact area ≤10%; or, High-energy pulse beam shock, where: The beam is a nanosecond laser with a wavelength of 1024-1080nm and a pulse width of 100-500ns. Energy density 10-25J / cm², spot overlap rate 30-50%, The scanning path is a fractal curve with a fractal dimension of 1.6-1.

8.

8. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The contour support ratio Rmc of the concave-convex texture satisfies: When cutting at 30% depth: Rmc(30%)=45%-55%; When cutting at 70% depth: Rmc(70%)=75%-85%; And the texture distribution conforms to the Weibull modulus m=2.8-3.4 (measured by three-dimensional white light interferometry).

9. The container with a physical non-stick structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side surface also has a randomly distributed irregular concave-convex texture, and the concave-convex texture parameters of the side surface are set as: Three-dimensional arithmetic mean deviation Sa side = (0.6∼0.8) × Sa bottom; Sv side = (0.45∼0.65) × Sv bottom; And the profile peak sharpness Spk of the side texture is ≤1.

2.

10. A cooking utensil, characterized in that: The invention comprises a container having a physical non-stick structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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