Colored glaze container texture color matching firing method based on accurate arrangement and controllable temperature

Abstract

The invention provides a colored glaze container texture color matching firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature. The colored glaze container texture color matching firing method comprises the following steps that 1, a standardized unit is prepared and selected; 2, according to a pre-designed target pattern, texture and color matching effect of the colored glaze container, a set of predefined arrangement rule set is applied, and the standardized units selected in the step 1 are combined and arranged; the arrangement rule set comprises one or more rules; the rules comprise a color boundary control rule, a surface texture control rule, a pattern composition rule and a top stacking effect control rule; and step 3, putting the precisely arranged colored glaze components into a kiln, and carrying out melting firing according to a preset multi-section melting temperature curve corresponding to the applied arrangement rule. Through combination of source raw material standardization, arrangement process regularization and firing process parameterization, predictable and repeatable control of the pattern, texture and color matching effect of the final colored glaze container is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of colored glassware manufacturing, and particularly relates to a colored glass container texture and color firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature. BACKGROUND

[0002] Colored glass, as a kind of glass material with a long history, has been widely used in the fields of artware and daily utensils. Traditional colored glass production mainly relies on molds, such as lost-wax casting and mold hot melting. Although these methods can achieve mass production, they also have obvious limitations: lost-wax casting has a complex process, high cost, and long cycle, and the surface is rough and not smooth, requiring a lot of post-processing (grinding, polishing, etc.), which seriously restricts production efficiency; mold hot melting method severely limits the product shape and surface details to the mold shape, especially in generating complex, natural, and fine surface patterns, textures, and color effects that are not pre-set by the mold, but are generated by the material's own characteristics and melting rheology, which fundamentally limits the ability to meet the growing demand for personalization and artistry.

[0003] In addition, there are two problems in traditional processes that affect the stability and controllability of the final effect: one is the difference in raw materials, different batches, sources, or colors of colored glass raw materials may have differences in physical properties such as expansion coefficient and high-temperature viscosity, which can easily lead to firing failure (such as cracking) or unpredictable results when mixed; the second is the subjectivity of process control, especially when trying to break away from the limitations of the mold, often relying on the experience and on-site judgment of the operator, making the formation of patterns, textures, color matching, and even the shape have a lot of randomness, making it difficult to achieve standardized, large-scale production or accurate reproduction of artistic effects, and is not conducive to the inheritance and promotion of skills. The existing technology has not provided a systematic solution to solve the three problems of raw material consistency, process controllability, and effect repeatability.

[0004] The existing technology (especially traditional mold casting methods such as lost-wax casting or mold hot melting) has significant technical limitations in the production of colored glass containers. First, in terms of fine control of patterns, textures, and colors, traditional mold methods have inherent bottlenecks. For example, mold casting usually requires colored glass to reach a high flow state at a high temperature (such as above 900°C) to fill the mold details and ensure accurate shaping, but this results in a high degree of unpredictability in the flow, mixing, and final position distribution of different colored glass raw materials in the mold cavity, making it difficult to accurately control the color blending state, boundary clarity, and spatial layout according to the preset target, and making it difficult to stably achieve fine patterns generated by color configuration or resulting in a high degree of randomness. Moreover, it is impossible to achieve certain complex visual effects that require precise control of the local state of the material (such as partial fusion, specific color diffusion gradient) to form.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for an innovative glassware firing method that overcomes the above limitations. This method should be able to break through the limitations of molds, while showcasing the natural beauty of glass, and through systematic and quantifiable technical means, achieve predictable and repeatable generation of surface patterns, textures, and color configuration effects, while simplifying or eliminating post-processing procedures, thereby demonstrating significant technical advancement in terms of effect control precision, visual richness, production efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a glass container texture and color configuration firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature, aiming to solve the problems of inconsistent raw materials, subjective process control, unpredictable and repeatable effects, excessive reliance on molds or post-processing in the prior art. The technical solution adopted is: A glass container texture and color configuration firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature, which is a kiln firing method based on regular and precise arrangement of standardized solid glass raw material units and matching of accurate controllable firing temperature curves, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Selection of standardized solid glass raw material units: Select standardized solid glass raw material units with uniform physical properties and pre-set standard form specifications and colors; Step 2: Rule-based precise arrangement: According to the pre-designed target pattern, texture, and color configuration effect of the glass container, apply a set of quantifiable pre-defined arrangement rules that are strongly associated with the temperature curve parameters of Step 3, and systematically and quantitatively arrange the standardized solid glass raw material units selected in Step 1 in two or three dimensions on the kiln's firing plate at room temperature (25℃); The arrangement rule set is not simply a raw material arrangement, but rather it deconstructs the target visual effect characteristics (such as color boundary clarity, texture smoothness or undulation) into a series of quantifiable arrangement parameters, and establishes a one-to-one parameterized relationship between these parameters and the type selection, quantity, spatial position parameters (such as spacing, overlap, angle), mutual relationship, and layering structure parameters (such as number of layers, order, thickness, size compensation) of standardized raw material units; Step 3: Pattern, texture, and color configuration melting firing based on controllable temperature: Place the glass assembly that has undergone precise arrangement into the kiln, and follow the pre-set multi-stage melting temperature curve that is strongly associated and synergistically acts with the specific arrangement rules applied in Step 2 for precise control of firing, thereby stably converting the parameterized design in the arrangement stage into a final repeatable visual effect, forming a fused whole with the target pattern, texture, and color corresponding to the arrangement rules and melting temperature curve. Reference prior art Figure 2 , the preset multi-segment melting temperature curve in the present application is roughly the same as Figure 2 . Figures 2-3 In the present application, the abscissa represents hours.

[0007] That is, "texture color matching" refers to patterns, textures, and color matching.

[0008] Step 4: auxiliary hot bending molding firing based on limited molds If a specific three-dimensional shape is required, the molten whole of step 3 is combined with a limited mold with a specific shape and positioning, and the firing is precisely controlled according to the preset multi-segment hot bending temperature curve, forming the basic shape of the container and obtaining the finished product.

[0009] Reference prior art Figure 3 , the preset multi-segment hot bending temperature curve in the present application is roughly the same as Figure 3 .

[0010] Preferably, to ensure that different sources or batches of glass raw materials have consistent melting firing compatibility, the method for preparing standardized solid glass raw material units includes: Put the lead crystal glass raw material containing 24% lead oxide (wt%) and having a glass linear expansion coefficient (COE) of about 98 into a furnace and homogenize it at a temperature of 1300°C for at least 10 hours; Then process the homogenized glass into at least one preset standard shape specification selected from the following group: ① Thick sheet: thickness 0.5 cm ± 0.05 cm, width 35 cm ± 1 cm, length 40 cm ± 1 cm; ② Thin sheet: thickness 0.25 cm ± 0.03 cm, width 35 cm ± 1 cm, length 40 cm ± 1 cm; ③ Thick round cake: thickness 1 cm ± 0.1 cm, diameter 10 cm ± 0.5 cm; ④ Thin round cake: thickness 0.5 cm ± 0.05 cm, diameter 10 cm ± 0.5 cm; ⑤ Thick round rod: cross-sectional diameter 0.4 cm ± 0.04 cm, length 100 cm ± 5 cm; ⑥ Thin round rod: cross-sectional diameter 0.2 cm ± 0.02 cm, length 100 cm ± 5 cm; ⑦ Thick granular square: side length 0.8 cm ± 0.1 cm; ⑧ Thin granular square: side length 0.2 cm ± 0.03 cm; ⑨ 120 mesh ± 10 mesh powder; ⑩ 400 mesh ± 20 mesh powder.

[0011] In the following content, the standardized solid glass raw material unit is referred to as the "standardized unit".

[0012] Preferably, each of the standardized solid-state glass raw material units has a plurality of preset colors, including at least one or more of clear (colorless and transparent), blue, green, yellow, purple, and red.

[0013] Preferably, the predefined arrangement rule set in step 2 realizes the control of the final pattern, texture and color configuration effects by decomposing the target visual effect into specific arrangement parameters. The rule set includes at least one or more of the following rules: (1) Color boundary control rules, used to set the transition effect between adjacent color areas: Rule CB1 (Goal: Clear Boundary): Requires that adjacent standardized units (sheets or rods) of different colors be physically closely juxtaposed, with a gap of <0.5 mm to minimize lateral color diffusion during subsequent melting. Rule CB2 (Goal: Soft Boundary): Requires a set gap (e.g., 1-3 mm) to be maintained between adjacent standardized units of different colors. Optionally, the gaps may be filled with standardized units of a specific type (e.g., fine particles or powder) and color. This allows for a soft transition by utilizing the capillary action and color diffusion of the gaps and fillers during the melting process. This effect is controlled in conjunction with the melting temperature / time (Claim 7). Rule CB3 (Objective: Gradient Boundary): Specifies the use of granular or powdered standardized units of at least two colors, arranged according to a specific spatial distribution function or mixing ratio, to form a color gradient after melting; (2) Surface texture control rules, used to set the touch and gloss effects of the finished surface: Rule TX1 (Goal: Smooth Texture): stipulates that the surface layer is mainly composed of sheet-shaped standardized units, and instructs the use of deep fusion parameters (claim 7) during the melting stage to achieve a high degree of flatness by utilizing surface tension at high temperatures; Rule TX2 (Target: Fine Grain Texture): Specifies that standardized fine granular units (e.g., size ⑧ or ⑨) are uniformly spread on a specified layer at a set spreading density (e.g., 0.3-0.7 g / cm²). The particles partially melt into the matrix during melting to form uniform fine bumps. Rule TX3 (Target: Coarse Grain / Undulating Texture): Specifies that coarse-grained standardized units (such as specification ⑦) be arranged in a set pattern or density on a specified layer, or that rod-shaped standardized units be used, and instructs the melting stage to use shallow fusion parameters (claim 7) to preserve some of the original morphology of the units and form a significant surface undulation; (3) Pattern construction rules, used to generate specific geometric or abstract patterns: Rule PT1 (Target: Striped pattern): Specify the use of rod-shaped standardized units or cut sheet-shaped standardized units, specify their diameter or thickness (mm), color sequence code (such as A-B-A-C...), arrangement direction and gap width code (associated rule CB1 or CB2), and form a stripe by linear repetition of the units; Rule PT2 (Target: Mosaic / Fragmented pattern): Specify the use of sheet-shaped standardized units cut into specific geometric shapes (such as squares, triangles), specify their size (mm), color combination, and fitting method (tight / seam), and form a pattern by two-dimensional array or random combination of units; (4) Layering effect control rules, used to set color superposition and edge shape: Rule LY1 (Target: Transparent overlay): Specify the use of a specified thickness of transparent sheet-shaped standardized units on top of the color arrangement layer to solidify the pattern and produce a highlight effect when melted; Where the arrangement layer formed according to the arrangement rule set = color arrangement layer + transparent top layer; Rule LY2 (Target: Color transparent overlay): Specify the use of different colored semi-transparent or transparent sheet-shaped standardized units in a specific order, and use light penetration through different color layers to produce a mixed color effect; Rule LY3 (Target: Edge control): Specify the size reduction value or calculation method of the top layer covering unit relative to the bottom layer (substrate) arrangement range (for example, reduction amount (cm) = K * total thickness (cm), where K is an empirical or experimentally determined compensation coefficient) to control the flow and final profile of the edge when melted.

[0014] Preferably, the melting temperature curve parameters of step 3 are set in close relation to and in coordination with the specific arrangement rules applied in step 2 and their expected visual effects, to achieve the target visual effects, where the parameters that can be accurately controlled include: (1) Initial warming stage: Average warming rate (≤1.75°C / min) or total duration (≥300 minutes); holding temperature (550°C) and duration (≥10 minutes); (2) Melting stage: Warming rate (≥3°C / min); Selection of target melting temperature (shallow fusion 720-760°C, corresponding to rules CB1, TX3, etc.; deep fusion 790-830°C, corresponding to rules CB2, TX1, etc.) and accurate holding duration (shallow ≤30 minutes; deep ≥30 minutes); That is, the target melting temperature mainly affects the color boundary control rule and the surface texture control rule.

[0015] (3) Preliminary cooling stage: Cooling rate (as fast as possible); annealing starting temperature (550℃) and holding time (≥60 minutes).

[0016] Preferably, the auxiliary shaping firing of step 4, the precisely controllable parameters include: (1) Limited mold: clear material, geometry, key dimensions (in mm), in-kiln fixed position coordinates, contact mode with the glassware, and isolation layer specifications (e.g., 2mm thick silica-alumina ceramic fiber paper); (2) Hot bending temperature curve: heating rate; selection of hot bending working temperature (630℃-740℃); precise holding time or termination condition based on real-time monitoring (e.g., angle reaching 45°±3°); rapid cooling rate.

[0017] Preferably, the fire cooling temperature curve in the temperature curve in step 3, the precisely controllable parameters include: (1) Annealing cooling rate (≤0.5℃ / minute); (2) Annealing end temperature point (460℃) and holding time based on product thickness (e.g., ≥240 minutes when thickness ≥2cm); (3) Final cooling rate (≤1.21℃ / minute, total time ≥360 minutes).

[0018] Preferably, by selecting a specific standardized raw material unit combination, following the corresponding arrangement rules set, and matching the execution of the corresponding melting firing temperature curve, a glass container with a pre-set target pattern (such as pattern shape, line thickness), texture (such as smooth, undulating, grainy), and color matching (such as color distribution, boundary clarity, fusion degree) effects can be systematically and repeatedly fired.

[0019] Wherein, line thickness refers to the lines of the pattern shape; "thickness" refers to the thickness of the inner and outer contours of the pattern shape, as the pattern shape is composed of lines of different thicknesses. Rule usage: PT1+CB1+CB2.

[0020] Preferably, the surface of the obtained glass container finished product presents a natural bright effect of fire polishing.

[0021] In summary, the present application mainly realizes the accurate control and stable reproduction of the pattern, texture, and color matching effects of the glass container through the systematic combination of the three major technical innovation points.

[0022] (1) Source standardization and control - standardized raw material preparation and selection: The present application recognizes that the uniformity of raw materials is the basis for repeatable production.

[0023] Therefore, it is proposed to first perform high-temperature homogenization treatment on the original glaze (key parameters: ≥ 1300℃, ≥ 10 hours) to ensure that all glaze materials participating in subsequent processes have uniform and compatible physical properties.

[0024] Further, the homogenized material is processed into a series of "standardized solid glaze raw material units" with preset standard morphological specifications (such as standard thick / thin sheets, thick / thin rods, thick / thin particles, and specific mesh powders) and standard colors (such as blue, green, etc.).

[0025] All subsequent arrangement operations are based on these standardized units with consistent performance and clear specifications, greatly improving the controllability of the process and the predictability of the results from the source. This constitutes the first core innovation point of the invention, which distinguishes it from traditional random selection of raw materials.

[0026] (2) Regularization of the arrangement process - a rule / coded-based precise arrangement method: The second core innovation point of the invention is to upgrade the pre-firing raw material arrangement process from an empirical artistic creation and a conventional process adjustment relying on a large number of trial and error to a process operation that can be followed, quantified, and systematized.

[0027] The invention proposes and establishes a set of "arrangement rules".

[0028] The key point of the invention is not in the use of the melting properties of glaze, which is a well-known technology, but in the establishment of a stable and reproducible systematic causal relationship from "target visual effect type" to "quantitative arrangement parameters" and then to "matching firing parameters".

[0029] The system clearly and parameterically associates the specific visual effects expected to be obtained (e.g., "clear color boundaries", "soft color transitions", "fine particle matte texture", "coarse particle relief texture", "regular stripe patterns", "random puzzle patterns", etc.) with the specific arrangement methods of standardized raw material units required to achieve the effects (including which standard unit to choose, how many to use, how to place, unit spacing, overlapping method, layering order, filler usage, etc.), thereby establishing a quantitative mapping relationship between visual effects and "arrangement parameters + temperature parameters".

[0030] Among them, "association" includes color boundary control rules, surface texture control rules, pattern composition rules, and layering effect control rules.

[0031] The core of the present invention is to reveal the synergy and quantitative correspondence between the physical parameters of the arrangement rules and the key parameters of the melting temperature curve. This correlation is based on a deep understanding of the physical and chemical behavior of standardized units under a specific temperature curve and a large amount of experimental data summary, forming a set of predictable and calculable process models, thus upgrading the traditional "artistic creation" that relies on subjective experience to a stable and reproducible "industrial design".

[0032] For example, the rules clearly state that in order to obtain clear color boundaries, a close arrangement method must be used (rule CB1), as this physically limits the lateral diffusion distance between colors in the molten state; In order to obtain a specific roughness of the texture, the rules will specify the use of particles of a certain size and regulate the spreading density (rules TX2 / TX3), as the size and density of the particles directly determine the degree and distribution of concave and convex surfaces formed after melting.

[0033] Operators (including non-heritage people, etc.) only need to query and apply the corresponding arrangement rules and matching firing curves according to the design goals, just like consulting engineering blueprints or executing formulas, to systematically and accurately complete the arrangement operation, thereby based on known material behavior and spatial constraints, with a high probability and repeatability, to construct an initial structure that can produce the target effect. This solves the technical problem of randomness and uncontrollability of the final effect caused by parameter mismatch in the prior art.

[0034] (3) Firing process parameterization - matching and execution of controllable temperature curve: The present invention emphasizes that arrangement design must be combined with precisely matched firing temperature curves to ultimately achieve the expected effect.

[0035] For different arrangement schemes (applied arrangement rule combinations) and target effects (such as fusion degree, flow degree, color diffusion degree), the present invention provides corresponding preset multi-stage temperature curves (including melting, optional hot bending, annealing, etc.).

[0036] The characteristics of these curves are that all key parameters (heating rate, holding temperature, holding time, cooling rate) are accurately set and can be strictly executed by the kiln temperature control system.

[0037] The accuracy of the temperature curve ensures that the arrangement structure can evolve according to the expected physical and chemical path, stably converting the arrangement design into the final pattern, texture, and color configuration effect.

[0038] (4) Auxiliary modeling control - precise application of limited jigs (optional): For containers requiring specific three-dimensional shapes, the present invention retains and optimizes the method of using finite molds for assisted shaping. The key lies in the mold's incomplete coverage, localized effect, and precise controllability of shape, size, and positioning. The mold, combined with a specific bending temperature curve, guides overall deformation rather than shaping detailed textures. The predictability of its shape stems from the fact that the molten mass formed in the preceding steps possesses a known mass distribution and thermal properties determined by standardized raw materials and the melting process. When this interacts with a finite mold of precise shape and size under a precise bending temperature curve, its deformation behavior (such as sagging and bending) is predictable and repeatable.

[0039] (5) Guarantee of precise operation: The method of the present invention emphasizes precise operation during the arrangement and firing process.

[0040] During the precise placement stage, measurement tools such as positioning templates, marking tools, and calipers can be used to ensure the accuracy of unit position, spacing, and dimensions, and these can be checked against the design drawings or placement rule sheets.

[0041] During the controlled temperature firing stage, a kiln thermostat with a programmable control algorithm is used in conjunction with a precision thermocouple (e.g., K-type or S-type) for temperature monitoring and feedback control. A preset multi-stage temperature curve with precise heating / cooling rates (°C / minute or hour), target temperature (°C), and holding time (minutes or hours) is strictly followed.

[0042] The present invention utilizes the specific viscosity characteristics of glass in different temperature ranges (such as Figure 1 shown): Above approximately 750°C, lgη is typically < 5-7 (Zone A, high-temperature, low-viscosity zone), and the glass exhibits a viscous liquid with excellent fluidity. The present invention achieves deep fusion of patterns and textures by leveraging the properties of this zone to achieve full fusion of standardized raw material units, color diffusion, and leveling under surface tension, resulting in the desired pattern, texture, and color combination. Homogenization of standardized raw materials (≥1300°C) also occurs within this zone.

[0043] At temperatures between 500°C and 750°C, lgη typically ranges from 7 to 12 (Zone B, medium-temperature, medium-viscosity zone), where the viscosity of the glass changes dramatically, assuming a plastic, viscoelastic state. This range is chosen for the shallow fusion of textured patterns and the hot bending firing of the present invention. Precise temperature control allows for controlled softening and deformation, or limits excessive flow, thereby shaping and maintaining specific textures and shapes.

[0044] Below approximately 500°C, lgη is typically > 12-14 (Zone C, low-temperature, high-viscosity zone), and the glass becomes a hard, brittle solid or a highly viscous elastic body. The annealing treatment of the present invention utilizes the properties of this range to slowly release internal stress.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are: (1) Precise controllability and improvement of pattern texture color matching effect: The present application improves the surface effect in the prior art, which depends on molds (providing limited decorations) or relatively random generation, to precise control through quantized arrangement rules and temperature parameters, realizes high predictability and repeatability from design to result, and makes the pattern texture and color relatively more precise and controllable from the original relative randomness.

[0046] (2) Great enrichment of visual effect: Instead of being limited to limited decorations that can be reproduced by molds, the present application can create much richer, more diverse and more delicate pattern, texture and color matching effect through diversified combination of standardized units and controlled melting interaction, and can also realize specific visual effects that cannot be prepared by traditional mold casting.

[0047] (3) Natural and lively aesthetic expression: The pattern, texture and color transition generated by the natural flow and surface tension of the material under controlled conditions are more natural, full and lively, avoiding the stiffness and reproduction traces that may be caused by molds.

[0048] (4) Significant optimization of production efficiency and cost-effectiveness: By obtaining a fire-polished surface, the present application significantly reduces or even eliminates the large number of post-cold processing (grinding, polishing, etc.) links necessary in traditional processes, greatly shortens the production cycle, reduces labor and material costs, improves overall production efficiency, and has incomparable advantages for complex textured surfaces that cannot or are difficult to be cold processed.

[0049] (5) Standardization and facilitation of process inheritance: The key arrangement link is regularized and parameterized, reducing the dependence on the personal experience of operators, making the skill easier to learn, master and standardize inheritance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the viscosity and the temperature of the glaze in Example 1. Figure 2 It is a commonly used melting firing temperature curve (the dashed part is a variable parameter). Figure 3 It is a commonly used hot bending firing temperature curve (the dashed part is a variable parameter). Figure 4 It is a diagram of the arrangement mode of the thin round bar in Example 1. Figure 5 It is a process diagram of the glaze container pattern, texture and color firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature in Example 1. Figure 6 It is a process diagram of the application of the stripe pattern rule for arrangement in Example 1. Figure 7Schematic diagram of placing the assembly prepared in Example 1 in the center of the kiln; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the thick glass plate formed after Step 3 in Example 1; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of placing the thick glass plate on the mold in Example 1; Figure 10 State change diagram of the thick glass plate with the heat bending temperature curve in Example 1; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the bowl-shaped glass container in Example 1; Figure 12 Comparison diagram of the effects of deep fusion and shallow fusion; Figure 13 Actual diagram of the sheet-shaped standardized unit in Example 2; Figure 14 Process diagram of applying the sheet-shaped standardized unit for precise arrangement in Example 2; Figure 15 Actual diagram of Step 3 in Example 2 in the first cooling stage; Figure 16 Actual diagram after Step 3 in Example 2.

[0051] Wherein, 1 - thin round rod, 2 - positioning comb. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The glass container texture and color firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the schematic diagrams, wherein the preferred embodiments of the present application are represented, it should be understood that the person skilled in the art can modify the present application described herein while still achieving the advantageous effects of the present application. Therefore, the following description should be understood as a broad knowledge for the person skilled in the art, and not as a limitation of the present application.

[0053] Example 1 As Figures 4-5 , the present example aims to fire a bowl-shaped container of lead crystal glass (COE 98) with a final outer shape size of about 25 cm (length) x 20 cm (width) x 10 cm (height) and a wall thickness of about 2 cm.

[0054] Target effect: the outer wall presents a three-color interlaced relief stripe pattern of blue, green and clear material, with soft color boundaries and a fine undulating texture formed by fine particles melting into the surface.

[0055] Wherein, "clear material" refers to transparent material.

[0056] Step 1: Preparation and selection of standardized raw material units

[0057] (1) Preparation of standardized raw material units: First, the original blue, green, clear, etc. color lead crystal glass block material is subjected to homogenization treatment at 1300°C or above for 10 hours or more.

[0058] Then process into standard units including but not limited to the following specifications: standard transparent thick sheet (STTP, 0.5 cm thick), standard transparent thin sheet (STBP, 0.25 cm thick), standard blue fine round rod (SLXRB, 0.2 cm diameter), standard green fine round rod (SLXRG, 0.2 cm diameter), standard clear fine round rod (SXRB-M, 0.2 cm diameter), standard blue fine granules (SKLB, 0.2 cm edge length), standard green fine granules (SKLG, 0.2 cm edge length), standard clear fine granules (SKLM, 0.2 cm edge length).

[0059] (2) Select raw materials: In this example, STTP, STBP, SLXRB, SLXRG, SXRB-M, SKLB, and SKLG are selected.

[0060] Step 2: Apply the precise arrangement rule set

[0061] Prepare the kiln support plate and lay 2mm thick aluminum silicate ceramic fiber insulation paper.

[0062] Use a positioning ruler and a marking pen to mark a 25cm x 20cm arrangement area on the insulation paper.

[0063] (1) Apply the bottom layer rule (Rule B1: Build a 1.5cm thick base): Select STTP.

[0064] Use a glass cutter and ruler to accurately cut into 3 pieces of 25cm x 20cm.

[0065] Carefully stack the 3 pieces from top to bottom in the marked area, ensuring that the edges are aligned, forming a 1.5cm thick base.

[0066] (2) Apply the stripe pattern rule (Rule PT1 & CB2: Blue-green-clear alternating stripes, soft borders): Select SLXRB, SLXRG, and SXRB-M.

[0067] As shown in Figure 4 the cutting length of the precise fine round rod 1 is 19cm (slightly smaller than the 20cm width of the base plate to accommodate the extension of the fine round rod edges during melting and reduce stress concentration).

[0068] Using the positioning comb 2 (or positioning template) with 1 mm scale, along the 20 cm width direction, arrange the thin round rods 1 according to the color sequence code A-B-C-A-B-C... (A=blue, B=green, C=clear) alternately, arrange full 25 cm length, the arrangement process is as shown in Figure 6 . (As a 1 mm ± 0.2 mm gap is left between each rod, the extension of the rod during melting can be met. Only the two rods on both sides of the glass substrate slightly extend outward, which can be ignored).

[0069] Figure 6 In the middle, because the thickness of the positioning comb 2 is small, the spacing between adjacent thin round rods 1 is small, which is not shown in Figure 6 , and the spacing between adjacent thin round rods 1 can be shown after Figure 6 is enlarged.

[0070] Then remove the positioning comb 2 to form a thin rod layer composed of several thin round rods 1.

[0071] The positioning comb 2 is used to ensure that a 1 mm ± 0.2 mm gap is left between the rods (apply gap width rule G2: leave a 1 mm ± 0.2 mm gap between the rods).

[0072] This setting aims to apply rule CB2 to allow the color to diffuse moderately during subsequent high-temperature melting, forming a soft boundary.

[0073] (3) Apply fine particle texture and transition rules (Rule TX2 & CB2: Fine texture, assist soft boundary): Select SKLB, SKLG and SKLM in approximately equal proportions.

[0074] Using a measuring spoon or electronic scale, according to the spreading density code D1 (=0.5 g / cm²), about 237.5 grams (19*25*0.5) of three-color mixed particles in total are evenly spread on the thin rod layer by means of a sieve or funnel to form a particle layer.

[0075] This setting aims to apply rule TX2 to produce fine undulating texture, and the particles melt into the gap to further assist rule CB2 to achieve soft color transition.

[0076] (4) Apply top layer covering and size compensation rules (Rule LY1 & LY3: Transparent covering, prevent excessive extension): Select STBP.

[0077] According to rule LY3 table lookup or formula calculation (assuming K=0.8, based on total thickness of about 2.15 cm calculation), accurately cut out a 24.1 cm *19.1 cm size STBP, and carefully center it on top of the particle layer.

[0078] This setting aims to apply rule LY1 for transparent coverage and rule LY3 for edge flow control.

[0079] Where, 2.15 cm = 1.5 cm (substrate thickness) + 0.2 cm (diameter of thin round bar 1) + 0.2 cm (edge length of thin particle) + 0.25 cm (thickness of STBP).

[0080] 24.1 cm * 19.1 cm Determination method: Total reduction amount (cm) = 0.8 * 2.15 = 1.72 cm.

[0081] Length reduction amount + width reduction amount = 1.72 cm; length reduction amount = width reduction amount. Length reduction amount = width reduction amount = 0.86 cm.

[0082] Considering the safety factor, the final length reduction amount = width reduction amount = 0.9 cm.

[0083] Therefore, the length of STBP = 25 cm - 0.9 cm = 24.1 cm.

[0084] The width of STBP = 20 cm - 0.9 cm = 19.1 cm.

[0085] (5) Check and arrange: Check whether the arrangement of each layer meets the design drawing and rule requirements, gently compact, and ensure the stability of the structure. Confirm that the total arrangement thickness is about 2.15 cm.

[0086] Step 3: Execute the matching fusion firing temperature curve

[0087] Place the arranged assembly in the center of the kiln, as shown in Figure 7 .

[0088] Set and start the kiln temperature controller with programmable control function to execute the following precisely controlled fusion temperature curve (matching deep fusion and soft border requirements): (1) Temperature rising section one: from room temperature (25℃) to 550℃ at a rate of 1.75℃ / min. Time consumption (550-25) / 1.75 = 300 min.

[0089] (2) Temperature holding section one: hold at 550℃ for 10 min.

[0090] (3) Temperature rising section two: from 550℃ to 790℃ (select deep fusion temperature) at a rate of 3℃ / min. Time consumption (790-550) / 3 = 80 min.

[0091] As shown in Figure 12 , it is a comparison chart of deep fusion and shallow fusion effects.

[0092] (4) Holding section two (melting holding): holding at 790℃ for 30 minutes. This stage makes each layer fully fused, with partial retention of the rod shape but with rounded edges, and the particles melt into the texture to form a soft transition in color.

[0093] (5) Cooling section one (rapid cooling): stop heating and open the kiln for natural cooling (or auxiliary air cooling), with the goal of reaching 550℃ as soon as possible.

[0094] (6) Holding section three (stress release holding): holding at 550℃ for 60 minutes.

[0095] (7) Cooling section two (annealing): cooling from 550℃ to 460℃ at a rate of 0.5℃ / minute. Time required is (550-460) / 0.5 = 180 minutes.

[0096] (8) Holding section four (annealing holding): holding at 460℃ for 240 minutes.

[0097] That is, stages (5) to (8) constitute the preliminary cooling stage. Stages (1) to (2) constitute the preliminary heating stage.

[0098] (9) Cooling section three (final cooling): cooling from 460℃ to room temperature (25℃) at a rate of 1.21℃ / minute. Time required is (460-25) / 1.21 ≈ 360 minutes.

[0099] Table 1 Basic temperature table for melting firing Temperature ramping and cooling time (min) Target temperature (°C) Soak time (min) 1 300 550 10 2 80 790 30 3 Fastest cooling 550 60 4 180 460 240 5 360 Room temperature (25°C) Step 4: Apply a limited mold for auxiliary modeling and firing (hot bending into a bowl shape) The cooled glass thick plate prepared in step 3 is removed, as shown in Figure 8 .

[0100] The glass thick plate has a texture, with a thickness of about 2 cm. This thickness is the total thickness of about 2.15 cm in the initial arrangement stage, after the depth melting firing of step 3, the layers of glass material are fully fused, the air between the units is discharged, the material is densified as a whole and slightly compacted and settled under the action of gravity, so the actual thickness of the melted glass thick plate will be slightly reduced, and in this example it is stabilized at about 2 cm.

[0101] Prepare a limited mold: inverted conical table support (refractory ceramic, top diameter 10 cm, bottom diameter 18 cm, height 10 cm).

[0102] Place the mold on the kiln plate and lay 2 mm of isolation paper. Place the glass plate with the center accurately aligned with the center of the top (small) end of the mold, as shown in Figure 9 .

[0103] The following precisely controlled thermal bending temperature profile is executed: (1) Ramp-up segment one: Ramp up from room temperature (25°C) to 650°C (lower thermal bending temperature) at a rate of 1.30°C / min. Time taken is (650-25) / 1.30 ~ 480 min.

[0104] (2) Soak segment one (thermal bending soak and monitoring): Soak at 650°C. Closely monitor the sagging of the edges of the glass plate through the observation hole of the kiln. The goal is to have the glass plate sag uniformly around the edges to form an angle of about 45° ± 3° (bowl wall inclination) with the horizontal. For a glass plate of about 2 cm thickness, it is expected to take about 12 min at this temperature to reach the target angle. Once the 45° ± 3° is confirmed by visual observation or by an angle measuring tool, stop the soaking and proceed to the next step of cooling down.

[0105] Control adjustment logic (example): If the angle is significantly less than 42° after 12 min, increase the temperature to 660°C and continue to observe, expecting to take about another 10 min to reach the target; if the sagging is too fast, end the soaking early when the angle reaches 35° - 40° and cool down quickly.

[0106] (3) Cooling down segment one (rapid cooling to set shape): Rapidly cool down the kiln temperature to 550°C to "freeze" the bowl shape that has been formed.

[0107] (4) Soak segment two (annealing soak): Soak at 550°C for 60 min.

[0108] (5) Cooling down segment two (annealing cooling down): Cool down from 550°C to 460°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min. Time taken is 180 min.

[0109] (6) Soak segment three (annealing soak): Soak at 460°C for 240 min.

[0110] (7) Cooling down segment three (final cooling down): Cool down from 460°C to room temperature (25°C) at a rate of 1.21°C / min. Time taken is about 360 min.

[0111] (8) After the cooling down is completed, the shaped bowl-shaped glass container is removed, as shown in Figure 11 .

[0112] Table 2. Basic temperature table for thermal bending firing Temperature ramping and cooling time (min) Target temperature (°C) Soak time (min) 1 480 650 12 2 Fastest cooling 550 60 3 180 460 240 4 360 Room temperature (25°C) The process of thermal bending of a thick glass plate with a temperature profile is shown in Figure 10 .

[0113] Product characteristics and repeatability: The resulting product is a bowl-shaped glass container with the expected form, size, pattern, texture, and color matching. The inner and outer surfaces have a good fire polishing gloss (in contrast, the traditional mold method usually needs a lot of time for grinding and polishing to achieve similar smoothness, and it is difficult to retain the natural fire taste of glass formed at high temperature). It is emphasized that the "precise control" and "repeatability" pursued by the present invention refer to the stable reproduction of key aesthetic feature types of the final product (such as the relief of the stripes, the softness of the color boundary, and the fine-grained texture of the surface). The drawings show the expected results of this highly consistent macro-effect type while retaining the natural flowing beauty of glass in micro-details. The soft transition form of the boundary is not random and uncontrollable, but an expected soft boundary effect produced by the joint action of regular CB2 and deep fusion temperature curve. If regular CB1 is used and matched with shallow fusion temperature, a clear boundary effect can also be stably obtained (as shown in the effect comparison diagram). Figure 12

[0114] Due to the application of standardized raw materials, the adherence to the arrangement rules, and the precise matching and execution of the arrangement rules and temperature curves, this method has high repeatability and can stably produce products with the same key design features.

[0115] The core controllability and repeatability of the present invention come from the following interlocking causal relationships: (1) Standardized raw materials → predictable behavior: High-temperature homogenization treatment and standard form specifications ensure that the melting point, viscosity curve, flowability, and color diffusion of each raw material unit during subsequent heating are known and consistent. This is the basis for all subsequent predictions and controls.

[0116] (2) Arrangement rules + standardized raw materials → controllable initial structure: The arrangement rules set converts design intentions (patterns, textures, and color matching) into precise spatial layout instructions for standardized raw material units with known behavior. Following the rules for arrangement, an initial structure with specific physical and chemical interaction potential is constructed. For example, rule CB2 specifies a 1mm gap, which is a spatial setting that takes advantage of the known color diffusion rate at a specific temperature to form a soft boundary.

[0117] (3) Initial structure + melting curve → target pattern texture color: Precise execution of the melting temperature curve matched with the arrangement rules provides precise energy input and time window for the melting, flowing, and diffusion of each unit in the initial structure.

[0118] Because the behavior of the raw materials is known, the spatial relationship is controlled, and the energy input is precise, the resulting pattern, texture, and color configuration effect is highly predictable and repeatable.​

[0119] (4) Melted whole + limited mold + thermal bending curve → stable modeling: The melted whole formed through step (3) has a relatively stable mass distribution, thickness, and thermal performance. When this known object interacts with a limited mold that is accurately defined in terms of geometry, size, and position under an accurately controlled thermal bending temperature curve, the deformation process thereof that occurs by gravity or auxiliary force is also predictable and repeatable, thereby enabling stable acquisition of the target three-dimensional model.

[0120] In summary, the present application first prepares a standardized solid glass material unit having uniform physical properties (expansion coefficient, high-temperature viscosity) and processed into various pre-set standard morphological specifications and colors through specific high-temperature homogenization treatment.

[0121] The present application performs systematic and quantifiable combination of the standardized material units through application of a set of pre-defined, rule-based or coded accurate arrangement methods, and matches an accurately controllable multi-stage firing temperature curve, aiming to achieve predictable and repeatable control of the pattern, texture, and color configuration effect of the final glass container.

[0122] The rule-based accurate arrangement method directly specifies the type, spatial relationship, and layering structure of the standardized material units by analyzing the target visual effect into specific and quantifiable arrangement instructions, thereby utilizing the predictable physical and chemical behavior (melting, flowing, diffusing) of the material under accurate temperature control in cooperation with the accurately controllable temperature curve to establish a stable causal relationship from the arrangement parameters to the final pattern, texture, and color configuration effect, forming a set of process rules that can be followed and taught.

[0123] In a specific firing stage, a limited and local mold can be selectively used to assist in controlling the overall modeling of the container.

[0124] Compared to the traditional glass firing method relying on molds, the present application has significant advantages in achieving controllability, richness, and naturalness of the surface pattern, texture, and color configuration effect through the combination of standardized raw materials, rule-based arrangement process, and parameterized firing process, and can achieve visual effects that are difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional molds.

[0125] Meanwhile, the surface tension of the glass is utilized to obtain a natural fire-polished surface without or with minimal post-processing, significantly improving production efficiency and reducing costs, and providing a new technical path for standardized and efficient creation of glass containers with unique and controllable aesthetic characteristics, especially facilitating process inheritance and popularization.

[0126] The method of the present application is not limited to the above examples, and the set of arrangement rules can be continuously expanded and improved as needed to correspond to a wider range of patterns, textures, and color configuration effects. By systematically selecting and applying these rules and matching the corresponding temperature curve and limited mold, the design of the glass container can be realized. The systematization, modularization, and standardization of production have comprehensive advantages in the precise control of surface effects, richness, naturalness, and production efficiency, which embodies a significant improvement and upgrade to the existing glass firing technology.

[0127] Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, the color of the stripe pattern and the type of the standard unit are changed, and the remaining steps are the same as or similar to those in Example 1.

[0128] As shown in Figures 13-16 In this embodiment, the target effect is a blue-white-red alternating stripe pattern, and a sheet-shaped standard unit is used for arrangement.

[0129] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make any form of equivalent replacement, modification, or change to the technical solutions and technical contents disclosed by the present application without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application, which still falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Prepare and select standardized units; Step 2: Based on the pre-designed target pattern, texture, and color configuration of the glass container, a set of pre-defined placement rules is applied to combine and arrange the standardized units selected in Step 1 on the firing plate of the kiln; The arrangement rule set includes one or more rules; the rules include: color boundary control rules, surface texture control rules, pattern composition rules and top layer overlay effect control rules; Step 3: Place the precisely arranged glass components into a kiln and melt and fire them according to a preset multi-stage melting temperature curve corresponding to the applied arrangement rules.

2. The method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the standardized unit prepared in step 1 includes one or more of: flake, rod, coarse particle cube, fine particle cube and powder; The color of each standardized unit includes one or more of colorless and transparent, blue, green, yellow, purple, and red.

3. The method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature according to claim 2, characterized in that: The color boundary control rules in step 2 include: Rule CB1: stipulates that adjacent standardized units of different colors are physically juxtaposed and maintain gaps; Rule CB2: specifies that a set gap be maintained between adjacent standardized units of different colors, and optionally specifies that the gap be filled with standardized units of a specific type and color; Rule CB3: specifies the use of standardized units in granular or powder form of at least two colors.

4. The method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface texture control rules in step 2 include: Rule TX1: specifies the use of lamellar standardized units to form the surface layer and instructs the melting stage to use deep fusion parameters; Rule TX2: stipulates that standardized fine particle standardized units are uniformly spread at a specified level according to a set spreading density; Rule TX3: Specifies that coarse-grained standardized units are arranged on a specified layer according to a set pattern or density.

5. The method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The melting temperature curve in step 3 includes a melting stage temperature curve, and the parameters of the melting stage temperature curve include: Target melting temperature and melting holding time; When the arrangement rule set includes rule CB1 or rule TX3, the target melting temperature is 720℃-760℃, and the melting holding time is ≤30 minutes; When the arrangement rule set includes rule CB2 or rule TX1, the target melting temperature is 790℃-830℃, and the melting holding time is ≥30 minutes.

6. The method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pattern composition rules in step 2 include: Rule PT1: It stipulates the use of rod-shaped standardized units or cut sheet-shaped standardized units, clearly defines their color sequence coding, arrangement direction and gap width code, and forms stripes through linear repetition of the units; Rule PT2: stipulates the use of standardized sheet units cut into specific geometric shapes, specifying their size, color combination and splicing method, and forming patterns through a two-dimensional array or random combination of units.

7. The method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top stacking effect control rules in step 2 include: Rule LY1: It is stipulated that a transparent sheet-shaped standardized unit of a specified thickness is covered on the color arrangement layer; Rule LY2: stipulates that translucent or transparent sheet-like standardized units of different colors are stacked in a specific order; Rule LY3: Edge Control.

8. The method for firing glass containers with texture and color matching based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step 3, the method further includes: step 4, auxiliary hot bending shaping and firing.

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