Condensation laminated sunlight utilization system and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a condensation laminated sunlight utilization system and a use method thereof. The condensation laminated sunlight utilization system comprises a semitransparent photovoltaic battery assembly, a point type convex lens condenser array, a micro heat collector unit, a hot fluid pipeline and a heat storage / chemical reaction module which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The semitransparent photovoltaic cell assembly is installed on the top of the system. The point-type convex lens condenser array is arranged below the semitransparent photovoltaic cell assembly, and each heat collector in the micro heat collector unit is located at the focus position of a corresponding condenser in the point-type convex lens condenser array; and the hot fluid pipeline is used for conveying heat collected by the micro heat collector unit to the chemical storage / reaction module. Photoelectric conversion is achieved through the semitransparent photovoltaic cell assembly, the light and heat density is improved through secondary focusing of the point-type convex lens condenser array, efficient heat collection of the micro heat collector unit is achieved, the thermal fluid pipeline cooperates with the heat storage / chemical reaction module, solar spectrum division and gradient utilization are achieved, and an efficient solution is provided for comprehensive utilization of solar energy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a light-concentrating laminated solar light utilization system and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, the main ways of solar energy utilization include photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal utilization. Photovoltaic technology (PV) has been deployed on a large scale in distributed and centralized power stations, while solar thermal utilization is widely used in scenarios such as heating, power generation and chemical energy conversion. However, these two types of technology are usually deployed independently, and there are problems such as low light energy utilization efficiency, low system integration, insufficient land utilization, large volume of traditional light-thermal systems, slow dynamic response, and energy waste and accelerated component aging due to unshunted spectrum.

[0003] The scientific research community has gradually proposed the idea of “photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collaborative utilization”, trying to achieve multi-path output of light energy in the same system through structural fusion and functional division. However, the current PV / T schemes such as back heat collecting plate and cooling liquid tank structure have problems such as low heat energy density, slow response speed, and inaccurate optical distribution, which are difficult to meet the needs of high energy density and multi-scenario adaptability.

[0004] In the face of the above challenges, there is an urgent need for a photovoltaic-thermal combined utilization system that is compact in structure, reasonable in spectral division, and has modular expansion capability, which can achieve efficient shunting and collaborative conversion of solar light energy in a limited area: high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation in the ultraviolet-visible light region; improving heat energy density through light-concentrating mechanism in the near-infrared region; achieving full-chain efficient conversion from incident light to electrical energy, thermal energy, and even chemical energy (hydrogen energy, methanol); while having the structural characteristics of light weight, modularity, and flat deployment, adapting to various installation environments. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a light-concentrating laminated solar light utilization system and a use method thereof.

[0006] According to one object of the present application, the present application provides a light-concentrating laminated solar light utilization system, comprising a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly, a point-type convex lens concentrator array, a micro heat collector unit, a heat fluid pipeline and a heat storage / chemical reaction module arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly is installed at the top of the system; the point-type convex lens concentrator array is arranged below the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly, and each heat collector in the micro heat collector unit is located at the focal point position of a corresponding concentrator in the point-type convex lens concentrator array; the heat fluid pipeline is used to transport the heat collected by the micro heat collector unit to the heat storage / chemical reaction module.

[0007] Further, the point-type convex lens concentrator array is arranged in parallel with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly and in a regular matrix.

[0008] Further, the concentrator is an independent spherical convex lens or an aspherical composite lens, which is used to perform secondary focusing on the sunlight penetrating through the photovoltaic cell to form point concentration.

[0009] Further, the heat collector is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the concentrator and integrated with a micro channel heat exchange structure.

[0010] Further, the absorption surface of the micro heat collector unit adopts a selective coating Al2O3 / Cr-Al-N / AIN; and the internal structure of the micro heat collector unit is 4-16 micro channels with a semicircular cross section of 0.5-1.5 mm, which are arranged in a spiral or a serpentine shape.

[0011] Further, the working medium of the micro heat collector unit is selected according to the temperature interval: water / glycol for low temperature (<150°C), heat conducting oil for medium temperature (150-300°C), and molten salt NaNO3-KNO3 mixture, compressed air or liquid metal for high temperature (300-500°C).

[0012] Further, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly, the point-type convex lens concentrator array, the micro heat collector unit, the heat fluid pipeline and the heat storage / chemical reaction module are connected by a lightweight frame composed of an aluminum alloy honeycomb plate or a carbon fiber sandwich plate, which maintains a flatness error of <0.3 mm; and the whole is installed on an integrated two-axis solar tracking platform with an azimuth of ±180°, an elevation of 0-90° and a tracking error of ≤0.2°.

[0013] Further, a TEC-thick film thermoelectric cooling sheet is attached to the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly, which is driven to dissipate heat when the photovoltaic temperature is >55°C, and the remaining heat is recycled to the minimum temperature heat storage through a water cooling plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the thermal storage / chemical reaction module is used for hot water heating, hydrogen / methanol production in a high-temperature reactor, power generation by an ORC or Stirling cogeneration unit, and medium- to long-term energy storage in a thermal storage device.

[0015] According to another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned concentrated laminated solar light utilization system, comprising the following steps: S1. Spectral splitting: Ultraviolet-visible light with λ<700nm is absorbed by semi-transparent photovoltaics to generate electricity; Light with a wavelength of 700nm<λ<2500nm passes through the point-type convex lens concentrator array and is focused on the micro-collector unit by the concentrator; S2. Heat-electricity synergy: The TEC-thick film thermoelectric cooling sheet attached to the back of the photovoltaic module uses part of the PV power to dissipate heat when the photovoltaic temperature is greater than 55°C, and the residual heat is recovered by the water cooling plate to the lowest temperature heat storage; High temperature heat (>300°C) can directly drive solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) hydrogen production or methanol synthesis reactor through heat exchanger; S3. Operation mode: During daytime peak hours, priority is given to grid-connected power generation + synchronous heat storage; At night or on cloudy days, the stored heat is released or switched to electric heating to maintain the reaction temperature; When the thermal power is >90kWth, it switches to SOE hydrogen production mode.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention realizes photoelectric conversion through translucent photovoltaic cell modules, secondary focusing of point convex lens concentrator array to enhance light and heat density, efficient heat collection of micro collector units, coordination of thermal fluid pipelines and heat storage / chemical reaction modules to realize solar energy spectrum division of labor and cascade utilization, with compact structure and high integration, improving energy output per unit area, adapting to multiple scenarios, and providing an efficient solution for the comprehensive utilization of solar energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of a concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Figure 3 is a schematic view of a third structure of the light-gathering stacked solar light utilization system according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 Figure 4 is a schematic view of a layout structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly and the point-type convex lens condenser array of the light-gathering stacked solar light utilization system according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 Figure 5 is another schematic view of a layout structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly and the point-type convex lens condenser array of the light-gathering stacked solar light utilization system according to an embodiment of the present application; In the figure: 1, semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly; 2, point-type convex lens condenser array; 3, micro heat collector unit; 4, heat fluid pipeline; 5, heat storage / chemical reaction module; 6, heat exchange device; 7, condenser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0020] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0021] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited. In addition, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the communication between the two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] Embodiment 1 As shown in Figures 1-5 A light-concentrating laminated solar energy utilization system, comprising, from top to bottom, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1, a point-type convex lens concentrator array 2, a micro heat collector unit 3, a heat fluid pipeline 4 and a heat storage / chemical reaction module 5, wherein: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1 is installed at the top of the system as the main light receiving layer. The photovoltaic cell adopts a structure design that can transmit part of the sunlight, such as semi-transparent cell technologies of perovskite, organic or microcrystalline silicon, etc., which can effectively absorb ultraviolet light and part of the visible light in sunlight and convert it into electrical energy, while the remaining visible light and near-infrared light is transmitted through the cell layer into the area below.

[0023] The point-type convex lens concentrator array 2 is arranged below the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1 in parallel with it, in a regular matrix arrangement. Each concentrator can be an independent spherical convex lens or an aspherical composite lens, with its light focusing point corresponding to a heat collector unit. The function of the concentrator is to focus the sunlight that has penetrated the photovoltaic cell for a second time, forming point light concentration, significantly improving the light and heat energy density.

[0024] In the micro heat collector unit 3, each heat collector is located at the focal point position of the corresponding concentrator, arranged one-to-one with the concentrator, forming a point array type light and heat receiving system. The heat collector is made of high-absorptive material and can be integrated with a micro-channel heat exchange structure to realize rapid heat transfer and utilization. The heat collecting fluid can be water, heat conducting oil or molten salt, and the output heat energy can be used for hot water supply, industrial heating, heat storage, driving of thermal catalytic reaction or high-temperature hydrogen / methanol production processes, etc.

[0025] The system of the present embodiment is sequentially composed of a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1, a point-type convex lens concentrator array 2, a micro heat collector unit 3, a heat fluid pipeline 4 and a heat storage / chemical reaction module 5 from top to bottom, which are connected by a light-weight frame composed of aluminum alloy honeycomb plates or carbon fiber sandwich plates, maintaining a flatness error of <0.3 mm and ensuring the coaxiality of the optical axis. The whole is installed on an integrated two-axis solar tracking platform with an azimuth of ±180° and a pitch of 0-90°, with a tracking error ≤0.2°.

[0026] The system of the present embodiment adopts a 1m x 1m standard module, each module containing 36 x 36 light-concentrating and heat-collecting units. The modules are connected in parallel through quick locks (positioning pins + 90° rotation buttons) and waterproof IP67 straight plug-in electrical / fluid connectors.

[0027] This invention uses a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell module to absorb ultraviolet light and some visible light, converting it into electrical energy. A point-convex lens concentrator array refocuses the transmitted light, which is then collected and utilized by micro-collector units. This achieves a rational division of labor and efficient utilization of the spectrum, increasing energy output per unit area. Furthermore, the system boasts a compact structure and modular expansion capabilities, making it suitable for a variety of scenarios.

[0028] Example 2 like Figures 1-5 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, except that, in this embodiment, the concentrated laminated solar light utilization system includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1, a point-type convex lens concentrator array 2, a micro-collector unit 3, a thermal fluid pipeline 4, a heat storage / chemical reaction module 5, and a dual-axis solar tracking platform, wherein: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell module 1 adopts perovskite semi-transparent cell technology, with an optical transmittance of 20%-60% and an efficiency of 14-20%. It is installed on the top of the system, absorbs ultraviolet light and part of the visible light in sunlight and converts it into electrical energy, and the remaining light passes through to the bottom.

[0029] An array of point-convex lens concentrators 2 is positioned below the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly, parallel to it and arranged in a regular matrix. The concentrators utilize aspheric composite lenses made of low-iron, ultra-clear optical glass with a transmittance of ≥92%. The diameter D is 30 mm, the tangential thickness is 2.8 mm, and the focal length f is 36 mm (f / D ratio ≈ 1.2). The theoretical optical concentration ratio C0 is 45, and the measured value is 40. The surface is deposited using a double-layer MgFz / SiO2 vapor deposition layer, with a λ0 of 800 nm and a reflection loss of <1.5%.

[0030] The array substrate for the point-type convex lens concentrator array 2 is anodized AL-6061-T6 aluminum (3mm thick), with CNC-milled Φ28mm pin holders and M2 precision threads. The lenses are held in place by elastic compression springs, allowing for 25µm of thermal expansion. Each 6×6 element features an M2.5 leveling screw, enabling ±200µm Z-axis focusing. The upper surface of the lenses is coated with a 120nm SiO2-TiO2 hydrophilic film (contact angle <15°).

[0031] In the micro heat collector unit 3, each heat collector is located at the focal point of the corresponding condenser, and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 11 mm and a length of 50 mm. The absorption surface adopts a selective coating Al2O3 / Cr-Al-N / AIN, and has a value of a_qpt≥0.94 and a value of εt (350°C)≤0.12. The internal structure is 10 microchannels with a semi-circular cross-section of 0.6 mm*0.6 mm, which are spirally wound for 360° to expand the specific surface area. The shell material is 316L stainless steel (≥180 MPa), and the joint is a 1 / 16" double sleeve with a rated pressure of 5 MPa. The working medium is deionized water at <250°C, binary molten salt (Li-NaNO3) or Dowtherm A heat conducting oil at 250-450°C, and the design pressure drop is ΔP≤10 kPa 20Lh -1 .

[0032] The microchannel wall thickness is ≤0.3 mm, which ensures 10 4 Wm -2 K -1 level heat exchange coefficient. Circumferential high vacuum (10 -4 Pa) radiation shielding: 25µm aluminized polyimide film + 10mm aerogel insulation sleeve are sleeved on the periphery of the heat collector, and the overall heat loss is ≤3Wm -2 400°C.

[0033] The system of the embodiment is connected by a light frame composed of aluminum alloy honeycomb plates, and the flatness error is controlled within 0.2 mm. The whole is installed on an integrated two-axis solar tracking platform, with an azimuth of ±180°, a pitch of 0-90°, and a tracking error of ≤0.2°.

[0034] The system of the embodiment adopts a 1m*1m standard module, and each module contains 36*36 condenser-heat collector units. The modules are connected in parallel through quick locks and waterproof IP67 straight plug-in electrical / fluid connectors.

[0035] The heat fluid pipeline 4 transports the heat collected by the micro heat collector unit 3 to the heat storage / chemical reaction module 5, which serves as a heat utilization end. The heat storage module adopts a molten salt tank, and the chemical reaction module can be used for methanol synthesis.

[0036] In terms of circuit connection, each 6*6 photovoltaic subarray is connected in series to form a subarray, and the output voltage is about 48V; each subarray is connected in parallel to a DC-DC booster module through a bus bar and connected to a grid or stored energy.

[0037] In the fluid circuit, the micro heat collector unit 3 is composed of a plurality of micro heat collectors connected in series, and one-in-one-out connection is adopted on both sides of the micro heat collector; the two ends are connected to a 1 / 4" main circuit→plate heat exchanger→heat storage tank or high-temperature reactor.

[0038] Mechanical connection, photovoltaic module four corners with M4 inner hexagonal stud fixed on the frame; lens array and collector through three point cone-groove-flat contact mode assembly, disassembly error <50 pm.

[0039] The working process of the system of the embodiment is as follows: When the sunlight is vertically incident, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly absorbs ultraviolet-visible light (λ <700 nm) to generate electric energy, and the light with a wavelength of 700 nm <λ <2500 nm is transmitted into the point convex lens condenser array, and is focused on the micro heat collector unit through the condenser.

[0040] The heat collector converts the focused light energy into heat energy, which is carried away by the working medium in the micro channel inside the heat exchange device 6, and is transported to the heat storage / chemical reaction module through the heat fluid pipeline.

[0041] When the temperature of the photovoltaic assembly is greater than 55°C, the TEC-thick film thermoelectric cooling sheet attached to the back is partially driven by PV electricity to dissipate heat, and the remaining heat is recycled to the minimum temperature storage through the water cooling plate.

[0042] During the daytime peak, the system preferentially generates electricity and synchronously stores heat; at night or on cloudy days, the stored heat is released or switched to electric heating to maintain the reaction temperature; when the thermal power is greater than 90kWth, the system is switched to the SOE hydrogen production mode, and the thermal-electricity collaborative efficiency can reach 65%.

[0043] Embodiment 3 As shown in Figures 1-5 The structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the difference lies in that in the embodiment, the light condensation laminated solar light utilization system comprises, from top to bottom, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1, a point convex lens condenser array 2, a micro heat collector unit 3, a heat fluid pipeline 4, and a heat storage / chemical reaction module 5, each layer is connected by a light frame made of aluminum alloy honeycomb plate or carbon fiber sandwich plate, maintains a flatness error of <0.3 mm, and ensures the coaxiality of the optical axis. It is installed on an integrated two-axis solar tracking platform, with an azimuth of ±180°, a pitch of 0-90°, and a tracking error of ≤0.2°.

[0044] Specifically, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1 is installed at the top of the system, the point convex lens condenser array 2 is arranged below the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, is arranged in parallel with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, and is arranged in a regular matrix, and each heat collector in the micro heat collector unit 3 is located at the focal point position of the corresponding condenser 7 and is arranged one by one with the condenser 7. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly adopts perovskite, organic or microcrystalline silicon semi-transparent cell technology. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly adopts a structure design that can transmit part of the sunlight, can absorb ultraviolet light and part of visible light in the sunlight and convert it into electric energy, and the remaining part of the visible light and near-infrared light is transmitted into the area below the battery layer.

[0045] As shown in Figure 4and Figure 5 As shown, a point-type convex lens concentrator array 2 is positioned below the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1, parallel to it, and arranged in a regular matrix. Each concentrator in the point-type convex lens concentrator array 2 is an independent spherical convex lens or aspheric composite lens, used to secondary focus sunlight that penetrates the photovoltaic cell, forming a point-concentrated beam. The concentrator 7 can be circular or square. The concentrator 7 is made of low-iron ultra-clear optical glass or PMMA-UV (polymethyl methacrylate), with a transmittance of ≥92%, a diameter D of 30 mm, a tangential thickness of 2.8 mm, a focal length f of 36 mm (f / D ratio ≈ 1.2), a theoretical optical concentration ratio C0 of 45, and a measured value of 40. The surface is deposited with a double-layer MgFz / SiO2 vapor deposition layer, with a λ0 of 800 nm and a reflection loss of <1.5%.

[0046] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the point-type convex lens concentrator array 2 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly 1 can be in direct contact (such as Figure 1 As shown), a certain gap can also be provided (as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown).

[0047] In this embodiment, the four corners of the photovoltaic module are fixed to the frame by M4 hexagonal screws; the lens array and the collector are assembled by a three-point cone-groove-flat contact method, and the assembly and disassembly error is <50µm.

[0048] The array substrate of the point-type convex lens concentrator array 2 in this embodiment is anodized AL-6061-T6 aluminum sheet, 3mm thick, with CNC-milled Φ28mm pin holders and M2 precision threads. It also includes an elastic compression spring ring for clamping the lenses, allowing for 25µm of thermal expansion. Each 6×6 element features an M2.5 leveling screw, enabling ±200µm Z-axis focusing. The upper surface of the lenses is spray-coated with a 120nm SiO2-TiO2 hydrophilic film, resulting in a contact angle of <15°.

[0049] The diameter of the micro-collector unit 3 adjusts to the concentrator diameter, and the length also needs to be adjusted based on actual conditions. The micro-collector unit is made of high-absorption materials and integrates a microchannel heat exchange structure. The absorption surface of the micro-collector is selectively coated with Al2O3 / Cr-Al-N / AlN. The internal structure of the micro-collector consists of 4-16 semicircular microchannels with a cross-section of 0.5-1.5 mm, arranged in a spiral or serpentine pattern.

[0050] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the micro heat collector unit 3 and the point-type convex lens concentrator array 2 can be in direct contact (such as Figure 3 As shown), a certain gap can also be provided (as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown).

[0051] Micro collector unit working medium selection: Low temperature (<150°C): water / glycol; Medium temperature (150-300°C): heat-conducting oil (such as Dowtherm A); High temperature (300-500°C): molten salt (NaNO3-KNO3 mixture), compressed air, or liquid metal.

[0052] The microchannel wall thickness of this embodiment is ≤0.3 mm, ensuring 10 4 Wm -2 K -1 grade heat exchange coefficient. Circumferential high vacuum (10 -4 Pa) radiation shielding: 25 µm aluminized polyimide film + 10 mm aerogel insulation sleeve are wrapped around the collector, with overall heat loss ≤3 Wm -2 400°C.

[0053] The micro collector unit efficiently converts the concentrated sunlight (high energy density on the collector absorption surface) into heat, and removes the heat through the heat exchange device 6 and the pipeline system for subsequent links such as heat storage, heat supply, or driving chemical reactions.

[0054] The heat-absorbing surface of the collector is coated with a selective absorption coating (e.g., black chromium, TiNOx, Cr-Al-N / Al2O3 composite layer, etc.), which has: high solar absorption rate α>0.94 (visible ~ near infrared), low thermal emissivity ε<0.15 (reducing infrared radiation loss), incident focused light (usually 500-2000 times solar intensity) is quickly absorbed and converted into lattice thermal vibration inside the collector material (temperature rise).

[0055] The heat of the collector is quickly conducted from the absorption surface to the inner wall through metal materials with high thermal conductivity (such as copper alloy, 316L steel, Inconel); then exchanges heat with the internal flowing working medium (liquid or gas), transferring heat energy to the working medium.

[0056] This embodiment system adopts modular design, providing an example scheme, using 1m×1m standard modules, each module containing 36×36 light-collecting and heat-collecting units, and modules are connected in parallel through quick locks and waterproof IP67 straight plug-in electrical / fluid connectors.

[0057] The circuit connection is that each 6×6 photovoltaic subarray is connected in series as a sub-string, with an output voltage of ~48V; each sub-string is connected in parallel through bus bars to a DC-DC booster module and connected to the grid or stored energy.

[0058] In the hot fluid pipeline, the micro heat collector is connected in series on both sides with one inlet and one outlet; the two ends are collected as 1 / 4" main loop→ plate heat exchanger→ heat storage tank or high temperature reactor.

[0059] The heat storage / chemical reaction module 5 can be used for heating water, high temperature reactor hydrogen / methanol, ORC or Stirling combined heat and power unit power generation, and long-term energy storage in heat storage devices. The hot fluid is collected to the heat exchanger or heat storage tank, which can be used for heating water (coupled with the building), high temperature reactor (hydrogen / methanol), ORC or Stirling combined heat and power unit power generation or long-term energy storage in heat storage devices (molten salt tank, solid heat accumulator).

[0060] In this embodiment, the TEC - thick film thermoelectric cooling sheet is attached to the back of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell module. When the photovoltaic temperature is >55°C, the heat is removed by partial PV electric drive, and the waste heat is recovered to the minimum temperature storage through the water cooling plate.

[0061] Embodiment 4 This embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the above-mentioned embodiments, the difference is that this embodiment is designed for different scale of concentrating layer solar light utilization system, the matching scheme of condenser and heat collector is designed, according to the factors of optical focusing principle, heat collection heat loss characteristics, manufacturing / maintenance difficulty, unit area utilization rate, etc., the scientific and reasonable matching design is given: I. Design principles 1. Matching criterion one: the focal spot size should be less than 70-80% of the size of the heat collector absorption surface, to prevent energy overflow.

[0062] 2. Matching criterion two: the concentration ratio (C0) is controlled between 30-80 times, which can balance the heat flux density and heat management difficulty.

[0063] 3. Matching criterion three: the overall f / D ratio (focal length / diameter) of the optical system is designed in the range of 1.0-1.5, to optimize compactness and aberration control.

[0064] 4. Matching criterion four: the size of the heat collector should not be too small (<10 mm), otherwise the unit heat loss will increase significantly; nor too large (>50 mm), otherwise the heat response will be slow and the material cost will be high.

[0065] II. Matching scheme table for different system scales

[0066] III. Example analysis: matching rationality explanation 1. Small system (D=25 mm, f=30 mm) The matching diameter of the heat collection micro column is 1.5 mm, the uniformity of the condensing point is high, and the wall thickness of the micro heat pipe needs to be less than 0.2 mm.

[0067] Advantages: high integration, can be made into windows or portable panels; Disadvantages: high unit heat flow, good thermal management is required.

[0068] 2. Medium-sized system (D=60 mm, f=75 mm) Match the diameter of 6-8 mm collector, micro-channel + spiral fin design can be used, high heat transfer coefficient.

[0069] Suitable for roof / garden system, the ratio of thermoelectricity is controlled at 3:2.

[0070] 3. Large system (D=100 mm, f=130 mm) The focal length design is slightly larger, which is beneficial to reduce the influence of spot deviation.

[0071] The focal spot size is about 2.5 mm, which can match the diameter of 15 mm metal ceramic composite collector, and can accommodate more fluid channels (12-16).

[0072] Suitable for high-temperature heat transfer medium (molten salt), which can enter the SOEC electrolytic cell as a heat source.

[0073] Four, structure and arrangement suggestions 1. Concentrator spacing (arrangement interval) Keep equal or slightly larger than the diameter of the concentrator (D-1.1D) to prevent light overlap; If the collector is larger, an additional 5-10% spacing can be added for wiring and insulation installation.

[0074] 2. Collector installation method Small diameter (<10 mm): use inlaid ceramic collar + locking sleeve; Large diameter (>15 mm): use three-point rigid suspension support + torque anti-displacement gasket + thermal expansion compensation spring.

[0075] 3. Heat flow equalization strategy Use flow distributor to achieve consistent water pressure for each group of collectors (<2% fluctuation), ensuring consistent thermal response.

[0076] Medium and large systems can introduce active temperature control (PID control valve) to stabilize the outlet temperature of the fluid.

[0077] Five, supplementary explanation

[0078] Six, summary suggestions If you pursue high integration and small size applications (such as BIPV + hot water), you can use a diameter of 25-30 mm concentrator + a diameter of 1.5-3 mm collector.

[0079] If high heat output is pursued (e.g. industrial pyrolysis), Φ80-120 mm concentrator + Φ12-20 mm collector can be used, with optimized collector flow channel design to reduce heat loss and pressure drop.

[0080] Focusing area > absorption area should be avoided to reduce the risk of heat loss and material degradation.

[0081] Three, component connection relationship 1. Light-heat coaxial path: perpendicular incidence of sunlight → semi-transparent battery light absorption and power generation → light transmission into lens → focusing on collector; the concentricity of the optical axis is controlled to <0.1° within every 1m module.

[0082] 2. Circuit connection: each 6×6 photovoltaic sub-array is connected in series as a sub-string, with an output voltage of ~48V; each sub-string is connected in parallel through bus bars to a DC-DC booster module for grid connection or energy storage.

[0083] 3. Fluid circuit: one-in-one-out series is used on both sides of the micro collector; the two ends are connected to a 1 / 4" main circuit → plate heat exchanger → heat storage tank or high-temperature reactor.

[0084] 4. Mechanical connection: M4 internal hexagonal studs are fixed at the four corners of the photovoltaic module to the frame; the lens array and collector are assembled through a three-point cone-groove-flat contact method, with an assembly and disassembly error of <50µm.

[0085] Four, working principle and method 1. Spectral splitting λ<700nm ultraviolet-visible light: absorbed by semi-transparent photovoltaic → generate electricity; 700nm<λ<2500nm: most of it is transmitted → point light through the lens; the point spot diameter r f ≈0.3mm, which is sufficient to match the 10mm diameter of the collector absorption surface, with high absorption rate.

[0086] 2. Heat-electricity cooperation TEC-thick film thermoelectric cooling sheet is attached to the back of the photovoltaic module, which is driven by part of the PV electricity when the photovoltaic temperature is >55°C, and the remaining heat is recycled to the minimum temperature storage through the water-cooled plate.

[0087] High-temperature heat (>300°C) can directly drive solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) hydrogen production or methanol synthesis reactors through heat exchangers.

[0088] 3. Operation mode Daytime peak: priority grid-connected power generation + simultaneous heat storage; Night or cloudy day: release of heat storage or switch to electric heating to maintain reaction temperature; Hydrogen production mode: switch to SOE when the thermal power > 90kWth, thermal-electricity synergic efficiency η total ≈65%.

[0089] Five, materials and manufacturing processes

[0090] Six, safety and operation 1. A 0.5mm thick silicone buffer layer is provided between the photovoltaic lens to prevent breakage; 2. The heat collection fluid circuit is configured with a pressure-temperature interlocking valve and a fuse; 3. A laser displacement sensor is arranged in the lens-collector area to monitor the focus drift in real time and automatically focus; 4. Modular design facilitates quick replacement of single unit level hot spots or leaks (<15min / unit).

[0091] In summary of the above embodiments, the present application realizes multi-channel synergistic conversion of solar energy on the same platform through the new structure of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, point concentrator lens array, micro heat collector and heat fluid system, and has the advantages of high integration, high energy density and high response speed, etc. It is suitable for distributed energy systems, building integrated energy, industrial high-temperature heat source and hydrogen energy / methanol synthesis application fields.

[0092] Compared with existing independent photovoltaic systems, trough / tower type photothermal systems or traditional low-integration PV / T systems, the point concentrator photovoltaic-thermal solar energy utilization system proposed in the present application has the following remarkable beneficial effects: Significantly improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy per unit area The present application adopts semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and point concentrator structure to realize the use of ultraviolet-visible light segment (wavelength 300-800nm) for photovoltaic power generation and near-infrared light segment (800-2500nm) for heat energy collection, with clear spectral division and no interference. Under typical AM1.5 sunlight irradiation, through simulation and experimental verification, the overall solar energy comprehensive utilization efficiency of the system can reach 58.3% (about 18.5% for photovoltaic power generation and about 39.8% for photothermal conversion), which is significantly higher than the utilization level of current common photovoltaic modules (18-22%) or independent photothermal heat collection systems (30-40%).

[0093] High structural integration, low land resource demand The present system completes photovoltaic power generation and point concentrator heat collection in the same space vertical direction through vertical optical axis design, without the need for additional mirror field or heat collector, outputs thermal and electric energy per unit area, and the area energy density is increased by 1.6-2.2 times compared with traditional photovoltaic or photothermal systems, which is particularly suitable for deployment in limited space such as roof, curtain wall, carport, etc.

[0094] High photothermal heat collection efficiency and fast response speed Point focusing unit adopts aspheric convex lens design, with a focusing ratio of 30-80, which can increase the focused light intensity to 10 4 -10 5 W / m² level, matching the micro-collector with high absorption and low emission. After high heat flux focusing, the micro-collector can reach above 300°C in 3 minutes, with a thermal response time reduced by about 60%, especially suitable for industrial catalysis, thermal chemical reactions, etc. that require rapid heating.

[0095] Modular standardized design, easy to install and maintain The system adopts a standardized 1m x 1m module unit (each module contains 1296 light-collecting and heat-collecting units), supports quick locking, electro-hydraulic quick connection, hot-swappable replacement, and is convenient for system expansion and maintenance. Compared with traditional trough / tower type solar thermal systems, the construction complexity and daily maintenance workload can be greatly simplified, and the installation and maintenance costs are expected to be reduced by about 35-50%.

[0096] High temperature heat energy output capacity, can support medium-high temperature process or chemical energy conversion The system collector adopts a micro-channel + high absorption coating structure, supporting 300-500°C high temperature working medium (molten salt, liquid metal) operating conditions; when the light concentration ratio is greater than 50, the heat power density at the collector outlet can reach 80-120kW / m², which can directly drive SOEC high temperature electrolysis, Stirling combined heat and power or high temperature methanol synthesis, and the thermal energy conversion efficiency reaches 63-75% (varies according to the heat exchange medium and load type).

[0097] Can realize photoelectricity-photothermal-chemical collaborative output, improve the multifunctionality of energy system Relying on the thermal-electricity collaborative platform, the system can realize the "store during the day and use at night" operation strategy of daytime power generation + heat storage, nighttime release + hydrogen production / heat supply; by configuring temperature control valves and SOEC reactor switching modules, the system can realize electricity-heat-hydrogen multi-form output, self-adaptive load adjustment, improve the overall energy utilization flexibility and stability of the system.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A concentrated laminated solar light utilization system, characterized in that: It includes a translucent photovoltaic cell assembly, a point convex lens concentrator array, a micro-collector unit, a thermal fluid pipeline and a heat storage / chemical reaction module arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the translucent photovoltaic cell assembly is installed on the top of the system; the point convex lens concentrator array is arranged below the translucent photovoltaic cell assembly, and each collector in the micro-collector unit is located at the focal position of the corresponding concentrator in the point convex lens concentrator array; the thermal fluid pipeline is used to transport the heat collected by the micro-collector unit to the storage / chemical reaction module.

2. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The point-type convex lens concentrator array is arranged in parallel with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell assembly and is arranged in a regular matrix.

3. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentrator is an independent spherical convex lens, a Fresnel lens or an aspherical composite lens, which is used to perform secondary focusing on the sunlight that penetrates the photovoltaic cell to form a point focus.

4. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat collector and the concentrator are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and integrated with a microchannel heat exchange structure.

5. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorption surface of the micro heat collector unit adopts the selective coating Al2O3 / Cr-AI-N / AIN; the internal structure of the micro heat collector unit is 4-16 0.5-1.5mm semicircular cross-section microchannels, which are spirally wound or serpentinely arranged.

6. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working medium of the micro-collector unit is selected according to the temperature range: water / ethylene glycol for low temperature (<150°C); thermal oil for medium temperature (150-300°C); molten salt NaNO3-KNO3 mixture, compressed air or liquid metal for high temperature (300-500°C).

7. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The translucent photovoltaic cell assembly, the point-type convex lens concentrator array, the micro-collector unit, the thermal fluid pipeline and the heat storage / chemical reaction module are connected by a lightweight frame composed of aluminum alloy honeycomb panels or carbon fiber sandwich panels, maintaining a flatness error of < 0.3mm; the entire structure is installed on an integrated dual-axis solar tracking platform with an azimuth of ±180°, a pitch of 0-90°, and a tracking error of ≤0.2°.

8. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the translucent photovoltaic cell module is attached with a TEC-thick film thermoelectric cooling sheet. When the photovoltaic temperature is greater than 55°C, part of the PV electricity is used to drive the heat dissipation, and the residual heat is recovered by the water cooling plate to the lowest temperature for heat storage.

9. The concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal storage / chemical reaction module is used for hot water heating, hydrogen / methanol production in a high-temperature reactor, power generation by an ORC or Stirling cogeneration unit, and medium- to long-term energy storage in a thermal storage device.

10. The method for using the concentrated laminated solar light utilization system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Spectral splitting: Ultraviolet-visible light with wavelength of λ < 700nm is absorbed by semi-transparent photovoltaics to generate electricity; Light with a wavelength of 700nm < λ < 2500nm passes through the point-type convex lens concentrator array and is focused on the micro-collector unit by the concentrator; S2. Heat-electricity synergy: The TEC (thick-film thermoelectric cooling sheet) attached to the back of the photovoltaic module dissipates heat with part of the PV electricity when the photovoltaic temperature is greater than 55°C, and the residual heat is recovered by the water cooling plate to the lowest temperature for heat storage; High temperature heat (> 300°C) can directly drive solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) hydrogen production or methanol synthesis reactor through a heat exchanger; S3. Operation mode: During daytime peak hours, priority is given to grid-connected power generation + synchronous heat storage; At night or on cloudy days, the stored heat is released or switched to electric heating to maintain the reaction temperature; When the thermal power is > 90kWth, it switches to SOE hydrogen production mode.

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