Dynamic photo-thermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic photo-thermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation and control, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent materials and building energy conservation. The problems that an existing intelligent window cannot adapt to the environment requirement of dynamic change all the year round, passive and self-adaptive regulation and control cannot be achieved, and blue light filtering cannot be achieved are solved. A dynamic photo-thermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation and control is sequentially composed of a first optical substrate, an infrared regulation and control layer, a soft visible light dynamic regulation and control layer and a second optical substrate from one side to the other side. And the soft visible light dynamic regulation and control layer is formed by mixing thermochromic liquid crystal, a chiral additive, a surfactant and a blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye. The dynamic photo-thermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation and control is provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of intelligent materials and building energy saving. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, building energy consumption occupies an important position in the global energy consumption structure, among which, as the main channel of heat exchange in building envelope structure, the performance of window has a decisive influence on the heating and cooling load of building. The mainstream energy-saving window technology in the existing market, such as traditional Low-E (low emissivity) glass, reflects the middle and far infrared thermal radiation by coating a layer of static metal or metal oxide film on the surface of glass, so as to achieve the effect of heat insulation. However, this static design has significant limitations:

[0003] 1. Seasonal contradiction: Low-E glass designed for summer heat insulation will also block the beneficial solar heat from entering in winter, increasing the heating energy consumption; vice versa. This "one-size-fits-all" solution cannot adapt to the dynamic changes of the environment throughout the year.

[0004] 2. Unable to self-adaptively regulate: Most of the existing technologies rely on static coating or need external power supply (such as electrochromic windows), which cannot realize passive and self-adaptive regulation in the true sense, increasing the operation cost and complexity.

[0005] In addition, the existing intelligent window also does not fully consider the characteristics of high-energy blue light in the solar spectrum in terms of visible light regulation. Blue light (wavelength about 400-500nm) energy accounts for a high proportion of solar radiation, and long-term exposure to high-intensity blue light environment may cause photochemical damage to the retina and interfere with human biological rhythm; at the same time, the energy carried by it will be converted into heat after being absorbed by indoor objects, increasing the cooling load.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative intelligent window to solve the problems that the existing intelligent window cannot adapt to the dynamic changes of the environment throughout the year, cannot realize passive and self-adaptive regulation, and cannot realize blue light filtering. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to solve the problems that the existing intelligent window cannot adapt to the dynamic changes of the environment throughout the year, cannot realize passive and self-adaptive regulation, and cannot realize blue light filtering, and further provides a dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation.

[0008] A dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation, which is composed of a first optical substrate, an infrared regulation layer, a soft visible light dynamic regulation layer and a second optical substrate from one side to the other side; the infrared regulation layer is composed of a plurality of structural units, and the area ratio of the infrared regulation layer is > 80%; the phase change temperature of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 20℃~28℃;

[0009] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is mixed by thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additive, surfactant and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye; the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is mixed by cyan dichroic dye, magenta dichroic dye and yellow dichroic dye.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0011] 1. Passive operation: the window can automatically switch the optical state according to the ambient temperature, without any power drive or manual operation, realizing true intelligence and passive energy saving, with extremely low operation cost.

[0012] 2. Full climate adaptability: it can automatically adjust visible light and infrared radiation according to the ambient temperature, realizing intelligent and passive response to different seasons and climates, achieving the energy saving effect of "warm in winter and cool in summer", and the annual comprehensive energy saving benefit is significantly better than that of traditional Low-E glass in multiple climate zones.

[0013] 3. Health and energy saving double advantages: the innovative blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye formula ensures ideal light absorption capacity in the entire visible light range, while selectively absorbing or scattering high-energy blue light, also reducing the refrigeration load caused by the conversion of heat, and taking into account indoor health and building energy saving.

[0014] 4. High degree of design freedom: the key parameters such as the discoloration temperature, transparency, heat insulation / heat preservation performance of the window can be customized, which can provide the most optimized solution for different buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a position schematic diagram of the infrared regulation layer in the dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation of the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a multi-layer function coordination diagram of the dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation of the present application;

[0018] Figure 4 It is the absorption spectrum of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye described in Example 1;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a soft passive light-heat regulation strategy schematic diagram and POM picture of the dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation of Example 1;

[0020] Figure 6 It is an annual energy consumption comparison chart of the intelligent windows of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and 2 in Harbin area.

[0021] Figure 7 Annual energy consumption comparison chart of the example two, comparative example one and two smart windows in Singapore region;

[0022] Figure 8 Annual energy consumption comparison chart of the example three, comparative example one and two smart windows in Sydney region. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1 Specific description: the embodiment is a kind of compatible dynamic light-thermal smart window of blue light regulation, it is sequentially composed of first optical substrate, infrared regulation layer, soft visible light dynamic regulation layer and second optical substrate from one side to another side;The infrared regulation layer is uniformly distributed by multiple structural units, and the area ratio of infrared regulation layer is more than 80%;The phase transition temperature of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 20 ℃~28 ℃.

[0024] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is mixed by thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additive, surfactant and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye;The blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is mixed by cyan dichroic dye, magenta dichroic dye and yellow dichroic dye.

[0025] The core innovation of the embodiment is that thermochromic light regulation, infrared thermal radiation management and blue light selective absorption innovative structure and material are synergistically designed, physical synergistic enhancement without external energy driving is realized.Based on a kind of new, multi-functional smart window system generated by the coupling effect of multiple physical fields, its innovation is reflected in:

[0026] About 25%~30% of visible light energy in solar spectrum is concentrated in blue light region, and it is harmful to human health.To realize effective regulation to this waveband, subtractive color mixing principle is used in the embodiment, dye with complementary absorption spectrum is mixed to obtain blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye, absorption enhancement to specific spectral region can be realized, it has maximum absorption in blue light band (about 450nm), and its average order parameter (S) in liquid crystal medium is higher than 0.6.Then blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is doped in liquid crystal mixture, selective absorption to blue light band (about 450nm) is realized.

[0027] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer of the embodiment is a soft material that has not been cured, and utilizes the phase change of liquid crystal material at a specific temperature point (which can be adjusted to the human body comfortable temperature of about 26°C). Low temperature (bright state): when the ambient temperature is lower than the preset phase change point, the liquid crystal molecules are in an ordered smectic A phase, showing a high transmittance state, with minimized light absorption and scattering, to maximize the introduction of solar radiation heat, and to reduce the heating load in winter. High temperature (dark state): when the ambient temperature is higher than the preset phase change point, the liquid crystal molecules undergo a phase change from an ordered state to a chiral nematic phase with a focal conic domain, forming a disordered scattering structure, strong scattering, and a random distribution of dye molecules, so that the window is automatically switched to a low transmittance fogging and scattering state, effectively blocking excessive solar radiation and reducing indoor temperature. This process is triggered entirely by temperature, without the need for any external power supply or sensors. In winter, it can act as a passive heat source, and in summer, solar radiation is blocked outside by the high reflectivity of the infrared regulation layer, further reducing the cooling energy consumption.

[0028] The infrared regulation layer of the embodiment is a non-continuous, patterned transparent conductive film prepared on an optical substrate, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO). Its patterned structure realizes fine control of photothermal performance by precisely adjusting the area ratio. This layer is not used as an electrode, and its core function is as a heat reflecting layer. Its performance depends on its position in the window structure and can be optimized according to the building climate conditions. Summer heat insulation mode: place the infrared regulation layer in position II, reflect most of the infrared heat in the solar radiation before it enters the liquid crystal layer, with the highest heat insulation efficiency. Winter heat preservation mode: place the infrared regulation layer in position III, reflect the indoor heat (in the form of long-wave infrared radiation) back into the room, effectively preventing heat loss. Figure 2 Figure 2

[0029] Low-E glass is a static, single-function technology, with a fixed infrared reflecting layer that cannot be adjusted according to seasonal changes. The embodiment combines the infrared regulation layer (static) with the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer (dynamic) to create a passive, self-adaptive system. The infrared regulation layer of the embodiment is responsible for efficient management of infrared heat radiation invisible to the human eye, and the setting position is used to realize passive heat insulation or heat preservation for different climates. For hot climates, the heat insulation mode (place the infrared regulation layer on the outside, corresponding to position II), or for cold climates, the heat preservation mode (place the infrared regulation layer on the inside, corresponding to position III). Figure 2 Figure 2 ​​​The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer dynamically regulates visible light, and the thermochromic property thereof provides seasonal self-adaptive capability, can phase change at a preset temperature point, automatically switches the transparency, and adjusts the visible light transmittance. The two layers have clear division of labor, independently regulate different wave bands, and together realize optimal light and heat management throughout the year. The synergistic mode of "combination of dynamic and static" fundamentally solves the contradiction that the Low-E glass cannot simultaneously realize summer heat insulation and winter heating. Moreover, the infrared regulation layer and the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer jointly realize dynamic light and heat regulation of sunlight spectrum without external energy driving, and fundamentally solve the seasonal contradiction of traditional energy-saving windows.

[0030] In combination Figure 2 Two working states of the infrared regulation layer in the dynamic light and heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation are analyzed. The infrared regulation layer is in Figure 2 the position II or the position III shown in the figure:

[0031] State III: corresponding to winter or cold weather; the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is below the phase change temperature, the intelligent window is in a high transparency state, at this time, the infrared regulation layer is in a high transmittance state, allowing sunlight (including visible light and part of infrared light) to enter the indoor, providing natural heating, and the infrared regulation layer reflects indoor heat back to the indoor.

[0032] State II: corresponding to summer or hot weather; the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is above the phase change temperature, the intelligent window automatically switches to a dark state, at this time, the infrared regulation layer is in a low transmittance state, effectively blocking the infrared radiation in the sunlight, reducing the heat entering the indoor, and thus reducing the energy consumption of air conditioning cooling.

[0033] State II and state III are symmetrical structures, so they can be realized by turning over the window.

[0034] Figure 3Multi-layer functional synergy diagram of the dynamic photothermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation of the present application; infrared regulation layer (ITO): This layer is the "passive thermal management" core of the intelligent window. Its main function is to efficiently reflect the near-infrared (NIR) band energy in the solar spectrum (as shown by the orange arrow) and the indoor emitted medium and far infrared (MIR) thermal radiation. It is a static functional layer, and its performance mainly depends on its position in the window structure (external thermal insulation or internal thermal insulation). Soft visible light dynamic regulation layer (liquid crystal + dye): This layer is the "active visual and thermal management" core of the intelligent window. It is composed of thermochromic liquid crystals and blue light absorption enhanced dichromatic dyes, and mainly acts on the visible light (Vis) band. Its core mechanism is the thermotropic phase transition of liquid crystals: in the low-temperature state (light state), the liquid crystal molecules are orderly arranged, allowing most of the visible light (including high-energy blue light) to pass through, meeting the indoor lighting demand; in the high-temperature state (dark state), the liquid crystal molecules change into disordered focal conic domains, producing strong scattering effect, making the window dark and blurred, thereby reducing the visible light transmittance and reducing the heat entering the room. Blue light absorption enhanced dichromatic dye: This special dye is doped in the liquid crystal, realizing selective absorption of high-energy blue light (about 450 nm) in the visible light band. This not only helps to reduce the potential harm of blue light to human health, but more importantly, it converts the blue light energy into heat outside the window or inside the liquid crystal layer, thereby reducing the contribution of blue light to the indoor heat gain.

[0035] Summer (cooling mode) of the present embodiment: In hot weather, the outdoor temperature is higher than the preset phase transition temperature (for example, 26℃). The infrared regulation layer is in the thermal insulation position, passively reflecting the near-infrared radiation carrying about 50% of the energy in the solar spectrum, blocking most of the heat from the source. The liquid crystal layer automatically switches to the dark state due to high temperature, actively reducing the visible light transmittance, further reducing the heat entering. The blue light dye absorbs high-energy blue light in addition to visible light regulation, taking into account health and cooling load. The synergistic effect of the three realizes full-range high-efficiency blocking of "visible light + near-infrared" of solar radiation, and the total energy-saving effect is much higher than that of any single layer working alone.

[0036] Infrared regulation layer in winter (heating mode): In cold weather, the outdoor temperature is lower than the preset phase transition temperature. The ITO layer is in the heat preservation position, passively reflecting the long-wave infrared thermal radiation generated in the room back into the room, reducing heat loss. The liquid crystal layer is in the light state, actively allowing visible light and near-infrared radiation to enter the room, maximizing the use of solar energy for passive heating. This "combination of dynamic and static" synergistic design fundamentally solves the "one-size-fits-all" drawback of Low-E glass in winter that hinders the entry of solar heat. The present embodiment is a new intelligent window system based on a deep understanding of the coupling effect of multiple physical fields (light, heat, temperature), with significant creativity and non-obviousness.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present embodiment are:

[0038] 1. Passive operation: The window can automatically switch the optical state according to the ambient temperature without any power drive or manual operation, realizing true intelligence and passive energy saving, with extremely low operating cost.

[0039] 2. Full climate adaptability: It can automatically adjust visible light and infrared radiation according to the ambient temperature, realizing intelligent and passive response to different seasons and climates, achieving "warm in winter and cool in summer" energy saving effect, and its annual comprehensive energy saving benefit is significantly better than that of traditional Low-E glass in multiple climate zones.

[0040] 3. Health and energy saving: The innovative blue light absorption enhanced dichromatic dye formula ensures ideal light absorption in the entire visible light range while selectively absorbing or scattering high-energy blue light, reducing the cooling load caused by heat conversion, and balancing indoor health and building energy saving.

[0041] 4. High design freedom: The key parameters of the window, such as color-changing temperature, transparency, and heat insulation / heat preservation performance, can be customized to provide the most optimized solution for different buildings.

[0042] The present embodiment is compatible with the dynamic light and heat intelligent window with blue light regulation, which can realize all-weather and all-climate adaptive dynamic light and heat management, perfect compatibility with modern wireless communication, and consideration of indoor personnel health and comfort.

[0043] Embodiment two: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment one is that the material of the first optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyurethane or acrylic resin, and the thickness is 0.1mm~10mm. The others are the same as embodiment one.

[0044] Embodiment three: The difference between this embodiment and one or two is that the material of the second optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyurethane or acrylic resin, and the thickness is 0.1mm~10mm. The others are the same as embodiment one or two.

[0045] Embodiment four: The difference between this embodiment and one to three is that the material of the infrared regulation layer is ITO, FTO, AZO, graphene or silver nanowire, and the thickness is 10nm~3000nm. The others are the same as embodiment one to three.

[0046] Embodiment five: The difference between this embodiment and one to four is that the thickness of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 10μm~100μm. The others are the same as embodiment one to four.

[0047] Specific implementation six: the difference between this implementation and one of the specific implementations one to five is that the shape of the structural unit is a square, a rectangle or a triangle. The others are the same as specific implementations one to five.

[0048] Specific implementation seven: the difference between this implementation and one of the specific implementations one to six is that the thermochromic liquid crystal is 8CB, 5CB or 6CB; the chiral additive is S811, R811 or S1011; the surfactant is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The others are the same as specific implementations one to six.

[0049] Specific implementation eight: the difference between this implementation and one of the specific implementations one to seven is that the mass percentage of the chiral additive in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.5%~5.0%; the mass percentage of the surfactant in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.1%~2.0%; the mass percentage of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.5%~3.0%. The others are the same as specific implementations one to seven.

[0050] Specific implementation nine: the difference between this implementation and one of the specific implementations one to eight is that the cyan dichroic dye is cyan phthalocyanine blue, cyan azo dye or cyan cyanine dye; the magenta dichroic dye is magenta cyanine dye, magenta azo dye or magenta triarylmethane dye; the yellow dichroic dye is yellow azo dye, yellow quinoline dye or yellow diphenyl ethylene dye. The others are the same as specific implementations one to eight.

[0051] Specific implementation ten: the difference between this implementation and one of the specific implementations one to nine is that the mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the magenta dichroic dye is 1:(0.1~10); the mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the yellow dichroic dye is 1:(0.1~10). The others are the same as specific implementations one to nine.

[0052] The following examples are used to verify the beneficial effects of the present application:

[0053] Example one, applied to Harbin (severe cold climate):

[0054] A dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation, which is composed of a first optical substrate, an infrared regulation layer, a soft visible light dynamic regulation layer and a second optical substrate from one side to the other side; the infrared regulation layer is composed of a plurality of structural unit arrays, and the area ratio of the infrared regulation layer is 99.6%; the phase transition temperature of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 26℃;

[0055] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is mixed by thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additive, surfactant and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye; the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is mixed by cyan dichroic dye, magenta dichroic dye and yellow dichroic dye.

[0056] The material of the first optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, and the thickness is 1.8 mm.

[0057] The material of the second optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, and the thickness is 1.8 mm.

[0058] The material of the infrared regulation layer is ITO, and the thickness is 300 nm.

[0059] The thickness of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 10 μm.

[0060] The shape of the structural unit is square, the side length is 2 mm, and the gap width between adjacent structural units is 0.1 mm.

[0061] The thermochromic liquid crystal is 4-cyano-4'-octyl biphenyl (8CB); the chiral additive is S811; and the surfactant is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.

[0062] The structural formula of the 4-cyano-4'-octyl biphenyl is .

[0063] The mass percentage of the chiral additive in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 2%; the mass percentage of the surfactant in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.5%; and the mass percentage of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.5%.

[0064] The cyan dichroic dye is cyan azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, and the model is DYE-1015; the magenta dichroic dye is magenta azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, and the model is DYE-1014; and the yellow dichroic dye is yellow azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, and the model is DYE-1013.

[0065] The mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the magenta dichroic dye is 1:0.5, and the mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the yellow dichroic dye is 1:1.

[0066] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is mixed by thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additive, surfactant and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye under the condition of 60 DEG C; the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is mixed by cyan dichroic dye, magenta dichroic dye and yellow dichroic dye under the condition of 60 DEG C.

[0067] Example two, applied to Singapore (hot climate):

[0068] A kind of compatible blue light regulation dynamic light-heat intelligent window, it is sequentially composed of first optical substrate, infrared regulation layer, soft visible light dynamic regulation layer and second optical substrate from one side to the other side;The infrared regulation layer is formed by a plurality of structural units array, and the area ratio of infrared regulation layer is 99.6%;The phase transition temperature of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 26 DEG C;

[0069] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is mixed by thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additive, surfactant and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye;The blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is mixed by cyan dichroic dye, magenta dichroic dye and yellow dichroic dye.

[0070] The material of the first optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, and the thickness is 1.8 mm.

[0071] The material of the second optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, and the thickness is 1.8 mm.

[0072] The material of the infrared regulation layer is ITO, and the thickness is 300 nm.

[0073] The shape of the structural unit is square, the side length is 2 mm, and the gap width between adjacent structural units is 0.1 mm.

[0074] The thickness of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 10 μm.

[0075] The thermochromic liquid crystal is 4-cyano-4'-octyl biphenyl (8CB);The chiral additive is S811;The surfactant is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.

[0076] The mass percentage of chiral additive in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 2%;The mass percentage of surfactant in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 1%;The mass percentage of blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 3%.

[0077] The cyan dichroic dye is a cyan azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, model number DYE-1015; the magenta dichroic dye is a magenta azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, model number DYE-1014; and the yellow dichroic dye is a yellow azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, model number DYE-1013.

[0078] The mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the magenta dichroic dye is 1:0.5, and the mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the yellow dichroic dye is 1:1.

[0079] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is formed by mixing thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additive, surfactant and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye at a temperature of 60 DEG C; the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is formed by mixing cyan dichroic dye, magenta dichroic dye and yellow dichroic dye at a temperature of 60 DEG C.

[0080] Example three, applied to Sydney (warm winter and cool summer climate):

[0081] A dynamic light-heat intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation, which is composed of a first optical substrate, an infrared regulation layer, a soft visible light dynamic regulation layer and a second optical substrate from one side to the other side; the infrared regulation layer is formed by an array of a plurality of structural units, and the area ratio of the infrared regulation layer is 10%; the phase transition temperature of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 26 DEG C.

[0082] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is formed by mixing thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additive, surfactant and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye; the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is formed by mixing cyan dichroic dye, magenta dichroic dye and yellow dichroic dye.

[0083] The material of the first optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, and the thickness is 1.8 mm.

[0084] The material of the second optical substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, and the thickness is 1.8 mm.

[0085] The material of the infrared regulation layer is ITO, and the thickness is 300 nm.

[0086] The thickness of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 10 microns.

[0087] The shape of the structural unit is square, the side length is 2 mm, and the gap width between adjacent structural units is 0.1 mm.

[0088] The thermochromic liquid crystal is 4-cyano-4'-octyl biphenyl (8CB); the chiral additive is S811; and the surfactant is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.

[0089] The mass percentage of the chiral additive in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 2%; the mass percentage of the surfactant in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 1%; and the mass percentage of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 2%.

[0090] The cyan dichroic dye is a cyan azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, with a model number of DYE-1015; the magenta dichroic dye is a magenta azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, with a model number of DYE-1014; and the yellow dichroic dye is a yellow azo dye produced by Yantai Xianhua, with a model number of DYE-1013.

[0091] The mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the magenta dichroic dye is 1:0.5, and the mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the yellow dichroic dye is 1:1.

[0092] The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is prepared by mixing the thermochromic liquid crystal, the chiral additive, the surfactant and the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye at a temperature of 60℃; and the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is prepared by mixing the cyan dichroic dye, the magenta dichroic dye and the yellow dichroic dye at a temperature of 60℃.

[0093] Comparative Example One, LowE glass: The LowE glass is a glass with an Al film on the surface, and the area ratio of the Al film is 100%; the thickness of the glass is 1.8 mm; and the thickness of the Al film is 50 nm.

[0094] Comparative Example Two, white glass: The white glass is a glass without an ITO film on the surface, i.e., the area ratio of the ITO film is 0%, and the thickness of the glass is 1.8 mm.

[0095] The visible light transmittance of the dynamic light-heat intelligent window with blue light regulation compatibility in Example One before phase change is 80%, and the visible light transmittance after phase change is 55.3%.

[0096] In the severe cold climate conditions of Harbin in winter, when the outdoor temperature is lower than 26℃, the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer in Example One is below the phase change temperature. At this time, the infrared regulation layer of the intelligent window is above the phase change temperature. Figure 2Point III (high infrared transmittance) is shown. This state allows the maximum amount of heat and infrared radiation from sunlight to enter the room, thereby effectively utilizing solar energy for passive heating and reducing heating energy consumption. In summer, when the outdoor temperature is higher than 26°C, the soft visible light dynamic control layer undergoes a phase change, flipping the dynamic photothermal smart window compatible with blue light control, and the infrared control layer is transformed into Figure 2 As shown in point II (low infrared transmittance), infrared radiation is greatly blocked, reducing indoor heat gain, thereby reducing air conditioning and cooling energy consumption. At the same time, the blue light filtering function is effective all year round.

[0097] The dynamic photothermal smart window compatible with blue light regulation described in Example 2 has a visible light transmittance of 40% before the phase change and a visible light transmittance of 5.1% after the phase change.

[0098] Example 2 In Singapore, where the climate is hot all year round, the outdoor temperature is almost always above 26°C. Therefore, the soft visible light dynamic control layer is always in a phase change state, and the infrared control layer is also continuously in a phase change state. Figure 2 In this state, the smart window can continuously and effectively block most infrared radiation, significantly reducing the heat entering the room through the window, thereby greatly reducing the dependence on the air conditioning system and achieving uninterrupted energy saving throughout the year. At the same time, the blue light filtering function is effective all year round.

[0099] The dynamic photothermal smart window compatible with blue light regulation described in Example 3 has a visible light transmittance of 60% before the phase change and a visible light transmittance of 25.7% after the phase change.

[0100] Example 3 In Sydney, where the outdoor temperature is usually below 26°C in winter, the infrared control layer of the smart window is in the following state: Figure 2 In the summer, when the outdoor temperature is higher than 26℃, the blue light control-compatible dynamic thermal smart window is flipped and the infrared control layer of the smart window is switched to Figure 2 This intelligent switching capability allows it to flexibly adapt to seasonal changes, achieving year-round HVAC energy optimization, while also maintaining the blue light filtering function year-round.

[0101] Figure 4The absorption spectrum of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye described in Example 1; wherein the ordinary black dye is purchased from Yantai Xianhua, model number DYE-1010. As can be seen from the figure, the average dichroic ratio (DR) of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye in the visible light band is 7.9265, and the DR in the blue light (at λ = 450 nm) is as high as 8.1236, showing a significant polarization selective absorption ability, while the average absorbance in the entire visible light range reaches 0.65. That is, the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye realizes maximum absorption in the blue light band (about 450 nm) and ensures ideal light absorption ability in the entire visible light range.

[0102] In Example 1, the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye is mixed with the thermochromic liquid crystal, and then the average order parameter (S) of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye in the liquid crystal medium is tested to be 0.69, indicating that the dye molecules and the liquid crystal matrix achieve excellent orientation consistency, fully proving the potential of the dye in realizing high-contrast dimming.

[0103] The key to the dynamic light-thermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation lies in its soft visible light dynamic regulation layer, which uses liquid crystal material doped with a specific dye. This liquid crystal material has a unique thermotropic phase change characteristic, that is, its molecular arrangement state will change reversibly with temperature changes. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the soft passive light-thermal regulation strategy in the dynamic light-thermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation of Example 1 and POM picture of the dynamic light-thermal intelligent window compatible with blue light regulation; as can be seen from the figure, low temperature state (for example: winter or night): when the ambient temperature is low (lower than the phase transition temperature, about 20~26℃), the liquid crystal molecules are in a highly ordered arrangement state, called smectic A phase; in this state, light can pass through the liquid crystal layer smoothly, so the window presents a high transmittance transparent state; influence on visible light: the window remains transparent, meeting the indoor lighting demand. High temperature state (for example: summer or daytime when the sunlight is strong): when the ambient temperature rises (higher than the phase transition temperature), the liquid crystal material will undergo a phase transition from the ordered smectic A phase to a disordered chiral nematic phase; in this disordered state, the liquid crystal molecules form a special structure called "focal conic domain"; effect on light: when light passes through the boundary of the focal conic domain, it will be strongly scattered, making the window opaque and presenting a low transmittance fogging dark state.

[0104] The two key phases of the liquid crystal material are observed by POM: ordered smectic A phase and disordered chiral nematic phase (focal conic state). The verification under the low temperature state (transparent / bright state) keeps the sample temperature below the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal: at this temperature, the liquid crystal molecules are in a highly ordered vertical arrangement (smectic A phase), in which the liquid crystal molecules have no birefringence effect in the direction perpendicular to the incident light, so the polarization state of the light is unchanged when the light passes through the liquid crystal layer; under the POM, the field of view will present a full black or very dark state, which proves that the liquid crystal molecules are indeed in a highly ordered arrangement at low temperature, which is consistent with the high light transmittance transparent state of the window macroscopically. The verification under the high temperature state (fogging / dark state) raises the sample temperature to above the phase transition temperature: at this temperature, the liquid crystal undergoes a phase transition to form a disordered "focal conic domain" structure, in which the liquid crystal molecules have birefringence effect in all directions. Under the POM, the field of view will present a bright image with scattered texture; this is because the polarization state of the light is disturbed when it passes through the focal conic domain, and can pass through the orthogonal analyzer; this bright, disordered image is consistent with the low transmittance fogging state of the window macroscopically.

[0105] Based on the simulation calculation of the energy plus software, the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the smart windows described in embodiments one to three and comparative examples one and two in Harbin, Singapore or Sydney is studied.

[0106] Figure 6 The annual energy consumption comparison chart of the smart windows of embodiments one, comparative examples one and two in Harbin area; as can be seen from the chart, the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the smart window of embodiment one in Harbin is 25083.66 kWh; the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the LowE glass is 26803.48 kWh, compared with comparative example one, the HVAC energy consumption of the smart window of embodiment one is reduced by about 6.42%. The annual total HVAC energy consumption of the white glass is 33631.33 kWh, compared with comparative example two, the HVAC energy consumption of the smart window of embodiment one is reduced by about 25.42%.

[0107] Figure 7 The annual energy consumption comparison chart of the smart windows of embodiments two, comparative examples one and two in Singapore area; as can be seen from the chart, the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the smart window of embodiment two in Singapore is 22843.93 kWh, the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the LowE glass is 24788.99 kWh, and the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the white glass is 23645.17 kWh, the HVAC energy consumption of the LowE glass and the white glass is higher than that of the smart window of embodiment two throughout the year.

[0108] Figure 8A comparison chart of annual energy consumption of Example 3, Comparative Example 1 and 2 smart windows in Sydney; from the chart, it can be seen that the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the smart window of Example 3 in Sydney is 12212.5 kWh; the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the LowE glass is 14418.57 kWh; the annual total HVAC energy consumption of the white glass is 12768.8 kWh, and the HVAC energy consumption of the LowE glass and the white glass is higher than that of the smart window of Example 3 throughout the year.

Claims

1. A dynamic photothermal smart window compatible with blue light regulation, characterized by It consists of a first optical substrate, an infrared control layer, a soft visible light dynamic control layer, and a second optical substrate from one side to the other; the infrared control layer is composed of multiple uniformly distributed structural units, and the area of ​​the infrared control layer accounts for more than 80%; the phase transition temperature of the soft visible light dynamic control layer is 20°C to 28°C; The soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is formed by mixing thermochromic liquid crystal, chiral additives, surfactants and blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dyes; the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dyes are formed by mixing cyan dichroic dyes, magenta dichroic dyes and yellow dichroic dyes.

2. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The first optical substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyurethane or acrylic resin, and has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

3. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The second optical substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyurethane or acrylic resin, and has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

4. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The infrared control layer is made of ITO, FTO, AZO, graphene or silver nanowires, and has a thickness of 10nm to 3000nm.

5. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 10 μm to 100 μm.

6. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The shape of the structural unit is square, rectangular or triangle.

7. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The thermochromic liquid crystal is 8CB, 5CB or 6CB; the chiral additive is S811, R811 or S1011; and the surfactant is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium lauryl sulfate.

8. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass percentage of the chiral additive in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.5% to 5.0%; the mass percentage of the surfactant in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.1% to 2.0%; and the mass percentage of the blue light absorption enhanced dichroic dye in the soft visible light dynamic regulation layer is 0.5% to 3.0%.

9. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The cyan dichroic dye is cyan phthalocyanine blue, cyan azo dye or cyan cyanine dye; the magenta dichroic dye is magenta cyanine dye, magenta azo dye or magenta triarylmethane dye; the yellow dichroic dye is yellow azo dye, yellow quinoline dye or yellow stilbene dye.

10. The blue light control compatible dynamic photothermal smart window according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the magenta dichroic dye is 1:(0.1-10); the mass ratio of the cyan dichroic dye to the yellow dichroic dye is 1:(0.1-10).

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