Hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell, in particular to a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises a separation shell, a cyclone separation cavity, a heat exchange condensation cavity and a hydrogen mixing cavity are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the separation shell, a multi-stage separation and heat exchange combined structure is adopted, the technical problem that the traditional gas-liquid separator cannot completely remove the micron-sized droplets is solved, the efficient removal of liquid water droplets is realized through the cyclone separation cavity, the heat exchange between the new hydrogen and the wet hydrogen is carried out through the heat exchange condensation cavity, the residual droplets are fully condensed and precipitated, the mixed hydrogen gas with the required dryness is finally output, and the problem of fuel cell anode flooding is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically to a water-gas separation device for hydrogen batteries used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cells, due to their high energy density and zero emissions, have significant application value in drone power systems. During fuel cell operation, after hydrogen participates in the reaction at the anode, the wet hydrogen gas discharged from the anode outlet typically contains a large amount of unreacted hydrogen, liquid water droplets, and other components. If the wet hydrogen is directly fed back to the fuel cell stack for recycling without effective separation, the moisture in it will condense and accumulate inside the stack, leading to anode flooding. This hinders hydrogen transport, reduces battery performance, and in severe cases, can even cause fuel cell failure.

[0003] Currently, fuel cell systems typically employ gas-liquid separators to pre-treat wet hydrogen and remove liquid water. Traditional separation technologies mainly rely on mechanical separation (such as cyclone separation, inertial impaction, or filtration), which can remove most liquid water droplets, but are less effective at separating droplets at the micron level or smaller. Therefore, the separated hydrogen may still carry a certain amount of moisture, which gradually condenses inside the fuel cell stack during circulation, ultimately affecting the stable operation of the fuel cell.

[0004] Furthermore, drones have high requirements for lightweight and compact power systems, while traditional gas-liquid separation devices are often complex in structure or large in size, making it difficult to meet the integration requirements of drone fuel cell systems. At the same time, existing technologies usually only use single-stage separation, which makes it difficult to achieve efficient removal of liquid water and high-humidity gases simultaneously, resulting in insufficient hydrogen dryness. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, a water-gas separation device for hydrogen batteries in unmanned aerial vehicles is provided. By setting up a cyclone separation chamber, a heat exchange condensation chamber, and a hydrogen mixing chamber arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the separation shell, and adopting a structure that combines multi-stage separation and heat exchange, the technical problem of incomplete removal of micron-sized droplets by traditional gas-liquid separators is solved. The cyclone separation chamber achieves efficient removal of liquid water droplets, and the heat exchange condensation chamber is used to exchange heat between fresh hydrogen and wet hydrogen, so that the residual droplets are fully condensed and precipitated, and finally the mixed hydrogen with the required dryness is output, effectively avoiding the problem of anode flooding in fuel cells.

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a water-gas separation device for a hydrogen battery used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), comprising: a separation shell, inside which a cyclone separation chamber, a heat exchange and condensation chamber, and a hydrogen mixing chamber are arranged sequentially from bottom to top; the cyclone separation chamber has a tangentially arranged wet hydrogen inlet on its side wall, a primary separation outlet connected to the heat exchange and condensation chamber at its top, and a primary water collection port at its bottom; the heat exchange and condensation chamber includes an independent new hydrogen heat exchange channel and a wet hydrogen heat exchange channel, the two ends of the new hydrogen heat exchange channel being connected to a new hydrogen source and a hydrogen mixing chamber respectively, the two ends of the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel being connected to the primary separation outlet and the hydrogen mixing chamber respectively, and a secondary water collection port is provided at the bottom of the new hydrogen heat exchange channel; the cyclone separation chamber has a guide channel connecting the secondary water collection port and the primary water collection port; and the hydrogen mixing chamber has a mixed hydrogen discharge port at its top.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the primary water collection port is provided with an intermittent drainage mechanism, which includes: a sealing plate, which is disposed below the primary water collection port, and drainage valve ports are evenly distributed around the sealing plate; and a valve core, which is disposed in each drainage valve port. When the water pressure at the primary water collection port reaches a preset pressure value, the valve core moves to open the corresponding drainage valve port.

[0008] Preferably, the intermittent drainage mechanism further includes: a drive shaft that vertically penetrates the cyclone separation chamber and extends to the heat exchange condensation chamber; an airflow drive assembly including several arc-shaped guide vanes disposed at the top of the drive shaft, the arc-shaped guide vanes being located on the new hydrogen airflow path of the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel, and driving the drive shaft to rotate by the hydrogen impact force; the sealing plate being coaxially fixed to the bottom end of the drive shaft to realize the linkage control of water collection and rotation drive.

[0009] Preferably, the cyclone separation chamber is further provided with a conical screen distributed circumferentially along the drive shaft, and the conical screen is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the joint between the sealing disc and the primary water collection port is provided with an annular sealing structure; the top of the sealing disc forms an annular water collection groove arranged coaxially; the drain valve port is arranged radially through the annular water collection groove; each drain valve port has a guide groove on both sides perpendicular to the extension direction of the drain valve port; the valve core is slidably disposed in the guide groove; the bottom of the guide groove is provided with an elastic reset mechanism to keep the valve core in a normally closed state.

[0011] Preferably, the elastic reset mechanism includes: a spring disposed between the bottom of the guide groove and the valve core; and a limiting boss formed at the open end of the guide groove for constraining the maximum displacement stroke of the valve core.

[0012] Preferably, the working surface of the valve core is provided with a flow guiding slope, the inclination direction of which forms an acute angle with the movement direction of the valve core; when water pressure is applied, the flow guiding slope converts the fluid pressure into the opening force of the valve core.

[0013] Preferably, a spiral heat exchange mechanism is provided inside the heat exchange condensation chamber. The spiral heat exchange mechanism includes: a spiral flat tube, coaxially wound in the middle of the heat exchange condensation chamber, with its outer wall forming a spiral wet hydrogen heat exchange channel with the inner wall of the chamber; a new hydrogen heat exchange channel is formed inside the spiral flat tube, with its inlet extending to the outside of the separation shell and its outlet connecting to the hydrogen mixing chamber; an upper partition and a lower partition, respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the spiral flat tube; a gas inlet at the center of the upper partition connecting the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel and the hydrogen mixing chamber; and a gas inlet at the edge of the lower partition connecting the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel and the primary separation outlet; wherein, the outer wall of the spiral flat tube and the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel together constitute a gas-to-gas heat exchange structure.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrogen mixing chamber includes a coaxially arranged double-layer flow channel structure, which has: a central flow channel that is directly connected to the outlet of the spiral flat tube, wherein the diameter in the middle is smaller than the diameter at both ends; and an annular flow channel that coaxially surrounds the central flow channel and is connected to the gas guide port; the central flow channel and the annular flow channel are connected by circumferentially distributed mixing ports.

[0015] Preferably, the cyclone separation chamber is provided with a flow guiding and collecting mechanism, including: a collecting cylinder with a wet hydrogen inlet penetrating through its side wall; a conical transition section connected to the top of the collecting cylinder; and a connecting pipe section extending from the top of the conical transition section, the pipe diameter being smaller than the primary separation outlet and the top opening having a wet hydrogen outlet higher than the primary separation outlet; the flow guiding channel is formed between the collecting cylinder, the conical transition section, and the inner wall of the separation shell.

[0016] The advantages of this application compared to the prior art are:

[0017] This application solves the technical problem of incomplete removal of micron-sized droplets by traditional gas-liquid separators by setting a cyclone separation chamber, a heat exchange condensation chamber, and a hydrogen mixing chamber arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the separation shell, and adopting a structure that combines multi-stage separation and heat exchange. The cyclone separation chamber achieves efficient removal of liquid water droplets, and the heat exchange condensation chamber is used to exchange heat between fresh hydrogen and wet hydrogen, so that the residual droplets are fully condensed and precipitated, and finally the mixed hydrogen with the required dryness is output, which effectively avoids the problem of anode flooding in fuel cells. This application also features an intermittent drainage mechanism at the bottom of the primary water collection port, which maintains a sealed state when the water pressure does not reach the preset pressure value, preventing gas from escaping from the drain port or frequent liquid discharge that could cause system instability. When the centrifugal force of the liquid water on the valve core reaches the preset pressure value, the valve core automatically moves and opens the drain valve, achieving automated, intermittent drainage control. Through the interaction of centrifugal force and water pressure on the valve core, even with a small amount of liquid water, drainage can still be achieved, effectively preventing liquid water accumulation from affecting the weight of the entire device. Furthermore, it effectively maintains the sealing of the separation shell, reduces manual intervention, and prevents gas leakage and energy loss caused by insufficient water volume during drainage. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for drones according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for drones according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the spiral heat exchange mechanism in a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is an exploded perspective view of the intermittent drainage mechanism in a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of part A.

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of section B.

[0025] Figure 8 This is an exploded perspective view of the spiral heat exchange mechanism in a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 yes Figure 8A magnified view of a portion of point C.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a top view of the intermittent drainage mechanism in a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles according to the present invention.

[0028] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Separation shell; 11. Cyclone separation chamber; 111. Wet hydrogen inlet; 112. Primary separation outlet; 113. Primary water collection port; 114. Flow guide channel; 12. Heat exchange and condensation chamber; 121. Wet hydrogen heat exchange channel; 122. Fresh hydrogen heat exchange channel; 123. Secondary water collection port; 13. Hydrogen mixing chamber; 131. Mixed hydrogen outlet; 132. Central flow channel; 133. Annular flow channel; 134. Mixing port; 2. Intermittent drainage mechanism; 21. Sealing plate; 211. 212. Drain valve port; 22. Guide slide groove; 22. Valve core; 221. Flow guide slope; 23. Drive shaft; 24. Arc-shaped flow guide plate; 25. Conical screen; 26. Annular water collection tank; 271. Spring; 272. Limiting boss; 3. Spiral heat exchange mechanism; 31. Spiral flat tube; 32. Upper baffle; 321. Gas inlet; 33. Lower baffle; 331. Gas inlet; 4. Flow guide and collection mechanism; 41. Collection cylinder; 42. Conical transition section; 43. Connecting pipe section; 431. Wet hydrogen discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a hydrogen battery water-gas separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles includes: a separation shell 1, inside which a cyclone separation chamber 11, a heat exchange and condensation chamber 12, and a hydrogen mixing chamber 13 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top; the cyclone separation chamber 11 has a tangentially arranged wet hydrogen inlet 111 on its side wall, a primary separation outlet 112 communicating with the heat exchange and condensation chamber 12 at its top, and a primary water collection port 113 at its bottom; the heat exchange and condensation chamber 12 includes independent fresh hydrogen heat exchange channels 122 and wet hydrogen heat exchange channels. The new hydrogen heat exchange channel 121 is connected to a new hydrogen source and a hydrogen mixing chamber 13 at both ends. The wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121 is connected to a primary separation outlet 112 and a hydrogen mixing chamber 13 at both ends. A secondary water collection port 123 is provided at the bottom of the new hydrogen heat exchange channel 122. A guide channel 114 is provided in the cyclone separation chamber 11 to connect the secondary water collection port 123 and the primary water collection port 113. A mixed hydrogen discharge port 131 is provided at the top of the hydrogen mixing chamber 13.

[0031] The separator 1 contains, from bottom to top, a cyclone separation chamber 11, a heat exchange and condensation chamber 12, and a hydrogen mixing chamber 13. The cyclone separation chamber 11 has a tangentially arranged wet hydrogen inlet 111 on its side wall. The wet hydrogen gas flows in tangentially at high speed, forming a stable rotating airflow inside the chamber. Through centrifugal force, the liquid droplets are initially separated, effectively reducing the moisture content carried in the airflow. The top of the cyclone separation chamber 11 has a primary separation outlet 112 connected to the heat exchange and condensation chamber 12, and the bottom has a primary water collection port 113 for collecting liquid water ejected during rotation, thus achieving the first stage of water removal. To prevent the airflow from carrying liquid droplets into the heat exchange zone, a gas-liquid separation baffle or a turbulence-guiding structure can be further installed inside the cyclone separation chamber 11 to enhance the separation effect.

[0032] The heat exchange condensation chamber 12 is used to further condense the wet hydrogen gas after preliminary cyclone separation to achieve deep dehydration and improve hydrogen purity. This chamber has two independent heat exchange channels: a fresh hydrogen heat exchange channel 122 and a wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121. The two ends of the fresh hydrogen heat exchange channel 122 are connected to a fresh hydrogen source and a hydrogen mixing chamber 13, respectively, providing heat exchange conditions with the wet hydrogen gas. Effective heat exchange is achieved by utilizing the temperature difference between the fresh and wet hydrogen, while simultaneously controlling the temperature of the wet hydrogen gas to reduce the temperature and promote the condensation of residual droplets. The two ends of the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121 are connected to a primary separation outlet 112 and a hydrogen mixing chamber 13, respectively. After cyclone separation, the wet hydrogen gas enters the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121 to exchange heat with the fresh hydrogen gas, further condensing any remaining droplets. To improve condensation efficiency, fins with high thermal conductivity, microchannel structures, or nano-coatings can be installed within the heat exchange channels to enhance heat conduction and condensation surface area. The bottom of the new hydrogen heat exchange channel 122 is equipped with a secondary water collection port 123 to discharge the water that is released during the heat exchange process, ensuring the purity of the airflow. To achieve unified water discharge management, a guide channel 114 is provided inside the cyclone separation chamber 11 to connect the secondary water collection port 123 with the primary water collection port 113, forming a unified drainage path, reducing pipeline complexity and improving maintenance convenience.

[0033] The hydrogen mixing chamber 13 is used to mix and equalize the hydrogen after multi-stage dehydration treatment, ensuring the stability and consistency of the output hydrogen quality. A hydrogen mixing outlet 131 is located at the top of the chamber to output uniformly mixed high-purity hydrogen for supplying fuel cells or hydrogen storage devices. To enhance the mixing effect, a turbulence structure or flow divider can be installed inside the chamber to ensure thorough mixing of hydrogen from different sources, avoiding uneven concentration or localized temperature differences from affecting system performance.

[0034] Wet hydrogen first enters the cyclone separation chamber 11 through a tangential inlet, where preliminary gas-liquid separation is achieved under centrifugal force. Larger droplets are thrown against the chamber wall and discharged through the primary water collection port 113. The gas after preliminary separation rises to the heat exchange and condensation chamber 12. During this process, fresh hydrogen and wet hydrogen undergo counter-current heat exchange through independent channels. The low temperature of the fresh hydrogen promotes the condensation and precipitation of residual droplets in the wet hydrogen. The condensate is collected through the secondary water collection port 123 and discharged uniformly through the guide channel 114. Finally, the deeply dried hydrogen is fully mixed with fresh hydrogen in the mixing chamber before being output, ensuring that the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack has ideal dryness.

[0035] like Figure 2 or Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the primary water collection port 113 is provided with an intermittent drainage mechanism 2. The intermittent drainage mechanism 2 includes: a sealing plate 21, which is located below the primary water collection port 113, and drainage valve ports 211 are evenly distributed around the sealing plate 21; and a valve core 22, which is located in each drainage valve port 211. When the water pressure at the primary water collection port 113 reaches a preset pressure value, the valve core 22 moves to open the corresponding drainage valve port 211.

[0036] The bottom of the primary water collection port 113 is equipped with an intermittent drainage mechanism 2, which is used to periodically discharge water under specific water pressure conditions, thereby avoiding gas leakage or increased system energy consumption due to continuous drainage. The intermittent drainage mechanism 2 includes a sealing disc 21 and several valve cores 22. The sealing disc 21 is fixedly installed below the primary water collection port 113, and its structure is circular or polygonal. It can be made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant composite material to adapt to the hydrogen environment and possesses good sealing performance. Several drainage valve ports 211 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the sealing disc 21, and each valve port is equipped with a corresponding valve core 22 for automatic opening and closing under water pressure.

[0037] When no external force is applied, the valve core 22 remains closed, blocking the liquid passage. When the water pressure generated by the rising liquid in the primary water collection port 113 exceeds a preset pressure value, the valve core 22 moves axially under pressure, pushing open the corresponding drain valve port 211 to achieve instantaneous liquid discharge. When the pressure in the cavity drops below the threshold, the valve core 22 resets and closes under the action of gravity or the reset force of the spring 271, completing one drainage cycle. This structure achieves passive control through water pressure drive, eliminating the need for external electrical control devices, simplifying system design, reducing energy consumption, and improving reliability.

[0038] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the intermittent drainage mechanism 2 further includes: a drive shaft 23, which vertically penetrates the cyclone separation chamber 11 and extends to the heat exchange condensation chamber 12; an airflow drive assembly, including a plurality of arc-shaped guide vanes 24 disposed at the top of the drive shaft 23, the arc-shaped guide vanes 24 being located on the new hydrogen airflow path of the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121, and driving the drive shaft 23 to rotate by the hydrogen impact force; the sealing disk 21 is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom end of the drive shaft 23 to realize the linkage control of water collection and rotation drive.

[0039] The drive shaft 23 extends from the top of the cyclone separator 11 downwards to the heat exchange condensation chamber 12 area, and is coaxially fixed to the sealing plate 21 below the primary water collection port 113, thus achieving coordinated linkage between water collection and rotary opening and closing actions in the structure. The drive shaft 23 is made of lightweight and high-strength materials, and its interior can be hollow to reduce the overall weight. At the same time, a guide support structure is provided on the outer surface of the shaft to ensure rotational stability and low-friction operation.

[0040] An airflow drive assembly is located at the top of the drive shaft 23. This assembly consists of several arc-shaped guide vanes 24, which are spirally or angled and positioned at an optimal angle along the main path of the fresh hydrogen flow in the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121. When the system is running, the fresh hydrogen flows through the guide vanes at high speed, generating a tangential driving force under their impact, causing the drive shaft 23 to rotate continuously. This process achieves kinetic energy conversion without an additional power source, effectively improving the system's energy efficiency ratio.

[0041] Rotational power is transmitted to the lower sealing disc 21 via the drive shaft 23. The sealing disc 21 rotates synchronously. When the liquid water and the centrifugal force it generates exceed the closing force of the valve core 22, intermittent drainage opening and closing control is achieved. Under the combined action of the centrifugal force of the liquid water on the guide slope 221 of the valve core 22 and the water pressure, the valve core 22 can move and open. Traditional drainage valves may require a large amount of water to accumulate and generate sufficient pressure to open. However, this device, by utilizing centrifugal force, can quickly gather a small amount of water and form a local high pressure, thereby triggering drainage in the early stage of water accumulation. This effectively prevents water from accumulating in large quantities at the bottom of the separation housing 1, avoiding problems such as increased device weight, imbalance, and decreased separation efficiency. It also effectively prevents the overall weight of the drone from gradually increasing with the generation of liquid water after installation on the drone.

[0042] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the cyclone separation chamber 11 is also provided with a conical screen 25 distributed circumferentially along the drive shaft 23, and the conical screen 25 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 23.

[0043] A dynamic separation assembly is coaxially arranged within the cyclone separation chamber 11, including:

[0044] A conical screen 25, with its large end facing upward, is fixed to the middle of the drive shaft 23, and the cone angle is 15°-30°.

[0045] The conical screen 25 has a gradually changing mesh size, with the upper region having a mesh size of 0.3-0.5 mm and the lower region having a mesh size of 0.1-0.2 mm.

[0046] The outer edge of the conical screen 25 forms a dynamic gap of 1-3 mm with the inner wall of the cyclone separation chamber 11.

[0047] When the drive shaft 23 rotates, the conical screen 25 produces a dual function of centrifugal separation and mechanical filtration.

[0048] The conical screen 25 shears the water mist, causing tiny droplets to collide and aggregate into larger droplets. Centrifugal force throws the droplets to the outside of the conical screen 25, and they flow into the primary water collection port 113 through the guide channel. The dynamic conical screen 25 avoids the clogging risk of traditional static screens.

[0049] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 10 As shown, the joint between the sealing disc 21 and the primary water collection port 113 is provided with an annular sealing structure; the top of the sealing disc 21 forms an annular water collection groove 26 arranged coaxially; the drain valve port 211 is arranged radially through the annular water collection groove 26; each drain valve port 211 has a guide groove 212 on both sides perpendicular to the extension direction of the drain valve port 211; the valve core 22 is slidably disposed in the guide groove 212; the bottom of the guide groove 212 is provided with an elastic reset mechanism to keep the valve core 22 in a normally closed state.

[0050] An annular sealing structure is provided between the sealing disc 21 and the primary water collection port 113. This sealing structure can be a flexible corrosion-resistant sealing ring or a metal lip ring.

[0051] The top of the sealing plate 21 is coaxially provided with an annular water collection trough 26, which is used to collect liquid water dripping or converging from the primary water collection port 113, so that it flows into the drainage channel in a concentrated manner, avoiding water dispersion or splashing that could cause structural pollution or reduced drainage efficiency.

[0052] Each drain valve port 211 has guide grooves 212 on both sides aligned with its vertical direction. The guide grooves 212 restrict the movement direction of the valve core 22, allowing it to slide only along a linear path perpendicular to the drain direction. The valve core 22 is slidably mounted within the guide grooves 212.

[0053] The bottom of the guide groove 212 is equipped with an elastic reset mechanism, such as a miniature helical spring 271, a wave spring, or an elastic sheet structure, to maintain the valve core 22 in a normally closed position when not in operation. When the liquid water in the water collection tank reaches a certain volume, and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the sealing disc 21 acts on the valve core 22, if the combined force exceeds the closing force threshold provided by the reset mechanism, the valve core 22 will overcome the elastic force and slide outward, opening the drain valve port 211 to achieve instantaneous drainage; after the water volume decreases and the pressure and centrifugal force drop, the elastic mechanism resets the valve core 22 and closes, completing one drainage cycle.

[0054] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the elastic reset mechanism includes: a spring 271 disposed between the bottom of the guide groove 212 and the valve core 22; and a limiting boss 272 formed at the open end of the guide groove 212 to constrain the maximum displacement stroke of the valve core 22.

[0055] Located between the bottom of the guide groove 212 and the lower end of the valve core 22, it provides a continuous inward (i.e., closing direction) elastic restoring force. This spring 271 is preferably a small, high-elasticity alloy compression spring, capable of withstanding frequent compression during drainage and operating stably for extended periods in high-humidity, hydrogen, or corrosive environments. The stiffness coefficient of the spring 271 should be dynamically designed based on the required opening pressure and the mass of the valve core 22 to ensure that when liquid water accumulates to a certain amount and centrifugal force is added, its elastic resistance can be overcome to allow the valve core 22 to slide.

[0056] Formed at the open end of the guide groove 212 (i.e., the end of the valve core 22 in the sliding direction), it is used to physically constrain the maximum outward sliding stroke of the valve core 22, thereby preventing the valve core 22 from being thrown out of the groove under strong centrifugal force or liquid impact. The limiting boss 272 can be an integral boss or a detachable baffle, and the material should have sufficient strength and impact resistance to prevent failure due to fatigue after long-term operation.

[0057] like Figure 7 and Figure 10 As shown, the working surface of the valve core 22 is provided with a flow guiding slope 221, the inclination direction of which forms an acute angle with the movement direction of the valve core 22; when water pressure is applied, the flow guiding slope 221 converts the fluid pressure into the opening force of the valve core 22.

[0058] The working surface of the valve core 22 is provided with a flow-guiding inclined surface 221, the inclination direction of which forms an acute angle with the sliding direction of the valve core 22 in the guide groove 212. Under the impact of water flow, the flow-guiding inclined surface 221 can decompose a part of the force of the originally vertical or nearly parallel water pressure direction into the force along the movement direction of the valve core 22, so that the liquid pressure generates a component force that pushes the valve core 22 to slide outward under the action of the inclined surface, thereby helping to overcome the restoring force of the spring 271 and realizing the opening of the valve core 22.

[0059] During drainage, as water accumulates and centrifugal force increases, the impact force of the liquid on the guide slope 221 becomes stronger, and the component force along the opening direction of the valve core 22 also increases, thereby improving the response sensitivity of the valve core 22 and shortening the opening and closing lag time. When the resultant force of the component force and the centrifugal thrust is greater than the total reaction force in the closing direction of the valve core 22, the valve core 22 will slide towards the drain outlet, opening the drainage passage. After drainage is completed, the fluid force weakens rapidly, and the spring 271 immediately pushes the valve core 22 back to its original position, restoring the sealed state.

[0060] like Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, a spiral heat exchange mechanism 3 is provided inside the heat exchange condensation chamber 12. The spiral heat exchange mechanism 3 includes: a spiral flat tube 31, coaxially coiled in the middle of the heat exchange condensation chamber 12, with its outer wall and the inner wall of the chamber forming a spiral wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121; a new hydrogen heat exchange channel 122 is formed inside the spiral flat tube 31, with its inlet extending to the outside of the separation shell 1 and its outlet connecting to the hydrogen mixing chamber 13; an upper partition 32 and a lower partition 33, respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the spiral flat tube 31; the upper partition 32 has a gas guide port 321 at its center connecting the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121 and the hydrogen mixing chamber 13; the lower partition 33 has an air inlet 331 at its edge connecting the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121 and the primary separation outlet 112; wherein, the outer wall of the spiral flat tube 31 and the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121 together constitute a gas-to-gas heat exchange structure.

[0061] The heat exchange condensation chamber 12 is equipped with a spiral heat exchange mechanism 3, which achieves efficient heat exchange between wet hydrogen and fresh hydrogen through a compact gas-to-gas heat exchange arrangement. The spiral heat exchange mechanism 3 uses a coaxially coiled spiral flat tube 31 as its core element. A closed, continuous spiral wet hydrogen flow channel is formed between the outer wall of the flat tube and the inner wall of the condensation chamber, allowing the wet hydrogen to fully adhere to the wall for heat exchange during its flow in the spiral path. Inside the spiral flat tube 31, an independent fresh hydrogen heat exchange channel 122 is formed, and heat transfer between the two gases is achieved through wall heat transfer.

[0062] The inlet of the spiral flat tube 31 is located outside the heat exchange condensation chamber 12 for introducing fresh hydrogen, and its outlet is connected to the hydrogen mixing chamber 13. The upper baffle 32 is located at the top of the spiral heat exchange mechanism and covers the central area of ​​its coiled structure. It guides the wet hydrogen from the end of the spiral channel into the hydrogen mixing chamber 13 through the central air inlet 321. The lower baffle 33 is located at the bottom of the spiral structure and has an air inlet 331 at its edge to guide the wet hydrogen from the primary separation outlet 112 into the starting section of the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121. The upper baffle 32 and lower baffle 33 are sealed together, defining the gas flow path and ensuring uniform heat exchange and smooth flow of gas within the spiral channel.

[0063] In the overall structure, the fresh hydrogen inside the spiral flat tube 31 and the surrounding wet hydrogen form a near counter-current or cross-flow pattern in the flow direction, making the gas-gas heat exchange more complete. Simultaneously, the spiral path effectively extends the residence time of the gas in the heat exchange chamber, improving heat exchange efficiency and avoiding short-circuit flow or heat exchange dead zones. This mechanism does not rely on external cooling media, fully utilizing the gas temperature difference within the system for energy recovery and heat regulation, which is beneficial for improving the overall energy efficiency and stability of the hydrogen system. Furthermore, the wet hydrogen is further centrifuged in the spiral wet hydrogen heat exchange channel 121, enhancing the separation effect.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen mixing chamber 13 includes a coaxially arranged double-layer flow channel structure, which has: a central flow channel 132, which is directly connected to the outlet of the spiral flat tube 31, and whose middle diameter is smaller than its two end diameters; and an annular flow channel 133, which coaxially surrounds the central flow channel 132 and is connected to the gas guide port 321; the central flow channel 132 and the annular flow channel 133 are connected by circumferentially distributed mixing ports 134.

[0065] The hydrogen mixing chamber 13 adopts a coaxial double-layer flow channel structure, which has a geometric layout that is conducive to uniform gas mixing and enhanced turbulence. The central flow channel 132, as the main channel for fresh hydrogen, is designed as a converging-expanding tube with a diameter in the middle section smaller than that at both ends. During gas flow, it can form a significant velocity gradient and a local low-pressure zone, enhancing the turbulence intensity of the fresh hydrogen flow. This structure not only improves the shear disturbance capability of the airflow, but also helps to improve the subsequent mixing effect. Especially under high-speed flow conditions, it can guide the gas to accelerate axially and increase the frequency of contact with the surrounding wet hydrogen.

[0066] The annular flow channel 133 surrounds the central flow channel 132 and, through communication with the gas guide port 321 of the upper baffle 32, guides the dried hydrogen from the spiral flow channel to be evenly distributed throughout the annular region. A circumferentially distributed mixing port 134 is provided between the annular channel and the central flow channel 132. These mixing ports 134 act as bridges connecting the two gas flows, allowing the dried hydrogen to enter the central flow channel 132 radially within the annular flow channel 133. The even distribution of the mixing ports 134 promotes the continuous entrainment of dried hydrogen from the surrounding annular region in the axial mainstream, thereby achieving layer-by-layer entrainment and enhancing mixing efficiency during flow.

[0067] like Figure 3As shown, the cyclone separation chamber 11 is provided with a flow guiding and collection mechanism 4, including: a collection cylinder 41, the wet hydrogen inlet 111 of which is provided through the side wall; a conical transition section 42 connected to the top of the collection cylinder 41; a connecting pipe section 43 extending from the top of the conical transition section 42, the pipe diameter of which is smaller than the primary separation outlet 112 and the top of which has a wet hydrogen outlet 431 higher than the primary separation outlet 112; the flow guiding channel 114 is formed between the collection cylinder 41, the conical transition section 42 and the inner wall of the separation shell 1.

[0068] The guide channel 114 is not used for wet hydrogen flow; its main function is to collect liquid water formed by condensation in the heat exchange condensation chamber 12. Since the liquid water discharged from the heat exchange condensation chamber 12 may flow into the cyclone chamber along the wall, a water film or water curtain can easily form at the primary separation outlet 112, thus hindering the smooth entry of wet hydrogen into the condensation chamber. Therefore, the wet hydrogen outlet 431 is positioned higher than the primary separation outlet 112 to prevent liquid water from accumulating at the separation outlet or forming a water curtain on the wall, thereby ensuring that wet hydrogen can smoothly pass through the primary separation outlet 112 into the heat exchange condensation chamber 12. The entire structure, through height difference and channel function separation, achieves spatial isolation of the gas-liquid path and effective collection of liquid water, improving the reliability and separation efficiency of the system.

[0069] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen battery water vapor separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles, characterized in that, include: The separation shell contains, from bottom to top, a cyclone separation chamber, a heat exchange and condensation chamber, and a hydrogen mixing chamber. The cyclone separation chamber has a tangentially arranged wet hydrogen inlet on its side wall, a primary separation outlet at the top that connects to the heat exchange and condensation chamber, and a primary water collection port at the bottom. The heat exchange condensation chamber includes a fresh hydrogen heat exchange channel and a wet hydrogen heat exchange channel that are independent of each other. The two ends of the fresh hydrogen heat exchange channel are connected to a fresh hydrogen source and a hydrogen mixing chamber, respectively. The two ends of the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel are connected to a primary separation outlet and a hydrogen mixing chamber, respectively. A secondary water collection port is provided at the bottom of the fresh hydrogen heat exchange channel. The cyclone separation chamber is provided with a guide channel that connects the secondary water collection port and the primary water collection port. The hydrogen mixing chamber is equipped with a hydrogen mixing outlet at the top. The bottom of the primary water collection port is equipped with an intermittent drainage mechanism, which includes: A sealing plate is located below the primary water collection port, and drain valve ports are evenly distributed around the circumference of the sealing plate. A valve core is provided in each drain valve port. When the water pressure at the primary water collection port reaches a preset pressure value, the valve core moves to open the corresponding drain valve port. The intermittent drainage mechanism also includes: The drive shaft vertically penetrates the cyclone separation chamber and extends to the heat exchange and condensation chamber; The airflow drive assembly includes several arc-shaped guide vanes disposed at the top end of the drive shaft. The arc-shaped guide vanes are located on the new hydrogen airflow path of the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel and drive the drive shaft to rotate by the impact force of hydrogen. The sealing disc is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the drive shaft, realizing the linkage control of hydraulic collection and rotary drive; The cyclone separation chamber is also provided with a conical screen distributed circumferentially along the drive shaft, and the conical screen is fixedly connected to the drive shaft; The joint between the sealing disc and the primary water collection port is provided with an annular sealing structure; The top of the sealing plate forms a coaxially arranged annular water collection trough; The drain valve port is arranged radially through the annular water collection groove; Each drain valve port has guide grooves on both sides that are perpendicular to the extension direction of the drain valve port; The valve core is slidably mounted in the guide groove; The bottom of the guide groove is provided with an elastic reset mechanism that keeps the valve core in a normally closed state; The elastic reset mechanism includes: A spring is disposed between the bottom of the guide groove and the valve core; A limiting boss is formed at the open end of the guide groove to constrain the maximum displacement stroke of the valve core; The working surface of the valve core is provided with a flow guiding slope, the inclination direction of which forms an acute angle with the movement direction of the valve core; when water pressure is applied, the flow guiding slope converts the fluid pressure into the opening force of the valve core; The heat exchange condensation chamber is equipped with a spiral heat exchange mechanism, which includes: A spiral flat tube is coaxially wound in the middle of the heat exchange and condensation cavity, and its outer wall and the inner wall of the cavity form a spiral wet hydrogen heat exchange channel. A new hydrogen heat exchange channel is formed inside the spiral flat tube, with its inlet extending to the outside of the separation shell and its outlet connected to the hydrogen mixing chamber. The upper and lower partitions are fixed to the top and bottom of the spiral flat tube, respectively. The upper partition has a gas inlet at its center that connects the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel and the hydrogen mixing chamber; The lower partition edge is provided with an air inlet that connects the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel and the primary separation outlet; The outer wall of the spiral flat tube and the wet hydrogen heat exchange channel together form a gas-to-gas heat exchange structure.

2. The hydrogen battery water vapor separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen mixing chamber includes a coaxially arranged double-layer flow channel structure, the double-layer flow channel structure having: The central flow channel is directly connected to the outlet of the spiral flat tube, and its middle diameter is smaller than the diameters at both ends. An annular flow channel, coaxially surrounding the central flow channel, is connected to the air inlet; The central flow channel and the annular flow channel are connected by circumferentially distributed mixing ports.

3. The hydrogen battery water vapor separation device for unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone separation chamber is equipped with a flow guiding and collection mechanism, including: The collection cylinder has a wet hydrogen inlet that extends through its side wall; A tapered transition section is connected to the top of the collecting cylinder; A connecting pipe section extends from the top of the conical transition section, with a diameter smaller than the primary separation outlet and a wet hydrogen discharge outlet at the top that is higher than the primary separation outlet. The flow channel is formed between the collecting cylinder, the conical transition section, and the inner wall of the separation shell.

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