Fish passing monitoring data transmission device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish passing monitoring data transmission device and method, and relates to the field of aquatic ecology monitoring, and the device comprises a data transmission module which is used for transmitting a synchronous control signal, receiving fish passing monitoring data collected by a PIT reader, and uploading the fish passing monitoring data to a data analysis platform; the synchronization module is used for sending a synchronization trigger pulse to a plurality of PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal; a plurality of PIT readers synchronously collect fish passing monitoring data under the excitation of the synchronous trigger pulse; and the nonvolatile storage module is used for performing nonvolatile storage on the fish passing monitoring data. According to the application, the synchronous trigger pulse is sent to the plurality of PIT readers through the synchronization module, so that the plurality of PIT readers synchronously acquire the fish passing monitoring data, and the fish passing monitoring data is subjected to nonvolatile storage through the nonvolatile storage module, so that data loss is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquatic ecological monitoring, in particular to a fish passage monitoring data transmission device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of aquatic ecological monitoring, it has become an international practice to identify individual fish using 134.2 kHz passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology. There are mainly two modes of existing commercial systems: one is the "reader + host computer" structure represented by Biomark IS1001 (Biomark Company), Trovan LID-650 (Trovan Company), Allflex RS420 (Allflex Europe Company) and the like single array reader; the other is the "multi-antenna combining" structure represented by HDX Multi-Antenna System (Oregon RFID Company) or FS2001F (Destron Fearing Company).

[0003] The above two types of schemes are reliable in operation in the laboratory or short distance open channel applications, but in the high drop and long distance fishway (such as vertical slit fishway) scenarios, the following common problems are exposed: each reader relies on an independent crystal oscillator and lacks a synchronization pulse, the time drift across monitoring points is generally in the order of milliseconds, which is difficult to meet the accuracy of the hundred-millisecond level passage time; the system highly depends on the continuous online host computer or network, and if the communication link is interrupted, the records cannot be recovered, and the detection records during the offline period are all missing. Therefore, the existing commercial equipment is difficult to meet the engineering requirements of long distance fishway in terms of time reference and data integrity. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a fish passage monitoring data transmission device and method, which can send a synchronization trigger pulse to multiple PIT readers through a synchronization module, so that the multiple PIT readers synchronously collect fish passage monitoring data, and the fish passage monitoring data is non-volatile stored through a non-volatile storage module, thereby avoiding data loss.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions.

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a fish passing monitoring data transmission device, comprising: a data transmission module, configured to send a synchronization control signal, receive fish passing monitoring data collected by a PIT reader, and upload the fish passing monitoring data to a data analysis platform; a synchronization module, configured to send a synchronization trigger pulse to a plurality of PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal; the plurality of PIT readers synchronously collect fish passing monitoring data under the excitation of the synchronization trigger pulse; and a non-volatile storage module, configured to non-volatilely store the fish passing monitoring data.

[0007] In a second aspect, the application provides a fish passing monitoring data transmission method, comprising: sending a synchronization control signal by a data transmission module, receiving fish passing monitoring data collected by a PIT reader, and uploading the fish passing monitoring data to a data analysis platform; sending a synchronization trigger pulse to a plurality of PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal by a synchronization module; the plurality of PIT readers synchronously collect fish passing monitoring data under the excitation of the synchronization trigger pulse; and non-volatilely storing the fish passing monitoring data by a non-volatile storage module.

[0008] According to the embodiments provided in the application, the following technical effects are disclosed.

[0009] The application provides a fish passing monitoring data transmission device and method, which sends a synchronization control signal by a data transmission module, sends a synchronization trigger pulse to a plurality of PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal by a synchronization module, and makes the plurality of PIT readers synchronously collect fish passing monitoring data, thereby solving the problem of time drift across monitoring points; and non-volatilely stores the fish passing monitoring data by a non-volatile storage module, thereby realizing breakpoint caching when communication is interrupted and avoiding data loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0011] Figure 1 A functional module schematic diagram of a fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to an embodiment of the application.

[0012] Figure 2 A whole framework schematic diagram of a fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to an embodiment of the application.

[0013] Figure 3 An assembly relationship schematic diagram of a fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to an embodiment of the application.

[0014] Figure 4 An external wiring schematic diagram of a fish passing monitoring data transmission device is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0015] Figure 5 A flowchart of a fish passing monitoring data transmission method is provided for another embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 6 An overall framework schematic diagram of a fish passing monitoring data transmission method is provided for an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] The figure mark: 101-data transmission module, 102-synchronization module, 103-nonvolatile storage module, 201-control unit, 202-communication unit, 203-reporting unit, 204-power module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] In addition to the difficulty in meeting the engineering requirements of long-distance fishways in terms of time reference and data integrity, existing commercial equipment also has deficiencies in node expansion, environmental protection, and operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0020] For example, ① Physical interface limits the number of nodes. RS-232 or USB bus usually cannot be connected to more than 10 readers; ② Plastic shell or bare board structure has insufficient surge resistance in humid and strong thunderstorm environment. Induced surges generated by thunderstorm weather can easily trigger the power protection mechanism of the reader multiple times, and the system is easily shut down passively and needs to be reset manually; ③ Any storage medium replacement or line adjustment requires power-off disassembly. The average downtime for replacing storage media is more than twenty minutes, increasing maintenance time and economic cost; ④ Some communication signals have limited effective transmission distance when laid in long-distance corridors, and active repeater devices need to be added, increasing construction and operation and maintenance costs.

[0021] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, a fish passing monitoring data transmission device is provided, comprising a data transmission module 101, a synchronization module 102 and a non-volatile storage module 103. Among them, the data transmission module 101 is used to send a synchronization control signal and receive fish passing monitoring data collected by a PIT reader, and upload the fish passing monitoring data to a data analysis platform. In this embodiment, the data analysis platform is an upper computer or a cloud platform. The synchronization module 102 is used to send a synchronization trigger pulse to a plurality of PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal. The plurality of PIT readers synchronously collect fish passing monitoring data under the excitation of the synchronization trigger pulse. The non-volatile storage module 103 is used to non-volatile store the fish passing monitoring data.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 The data transmission module 101 comprises a control unit 201, a communication unit 202 and a reporting unit 203. Among them, the control unit 201 is used to send the synchronization control signal. The communication unit 202 is used to receive the fish passing monitoring data collected by the PIT reader. The reporting unit 203 is used to upload the fish passing monitoring data to the data analysis platform.

[0024] Further, the reporting unit 203 is also used to send a network link state and a missing segment index to the control unit 201. Among them, the network link state includes connection and disconnection. The control unit 201 is also used to send the fish passing monitoring data to the non-volatile storage module 103 when the network link state is disconnection, and acquire missing data from the non-volatile storage module 103 according to the missing segment index and send the missing data to the reporting unit 203 when the network link state is connection.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 As shown, the fish passing monitoring data transmission device further comprises a power module 204. The power module 204 accepts 12V-36V DC input, generates +24V, +5V and +3.3V internal power supply through high-efficiency DC-DC step-down module, and delivers the rest of the functional modules through the power bus. The backplane sets 4oz high copper thick traces in the power layer, and configures 47µF solid capacitor arrays at both ends, to ensure large current transient response capability. Each functional module board end contacts the corresponding power socket of the backplane through three-row knife-type connectors. The socket is built-in arc-resistant gold contacts to ensure that no arc strikes during hot plug process. The power module 204 outputs +24V DC power supply for the PIT reader from the independent step-down converter. Surge protection, overvoltage and overcurrent protection and reverse connection protection circuits are integrated in the power module 204 to ensure the safe and stable operation of other modules and peripherals in the machine. The unified power supply path reduces the number of external cables, reduces the voltage drop, and improves the mean time between failures of the whole machine through centralized protection.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the control unit 201 is a PLC CPU unit. In the present embodiment, the front panel of the PLC CPU unit provides a set of RJ-45 Ethernet interfaces, a USB upgrade port and industrial buttons for on-site debugging and network access. The PLC CPU unit internally carries a high-performance embedded processor, a programmable logic device and 512 MB of DDR3 memory, and is pre-installed with a polling analysis and breakpoint continuation control program. The PLC CPU unit is driven by the on-board bus to drive the subsequent modules.

[0027] The control unit 201 sends Modbus-Remote Terminal Unit (Modbus-RTU) query frames to the external bus through the communication unit 202. The query frames are returned to the same path after being answered by the PIT reader, and enter the control unit 201 for analysis. The fish monitoring data after analysis is immediately written into the non-volatile storage module 103, while being queued in the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) internal buffer of the control unit 201. The network link status is polled by the reporting unit 203. Once the link is available, the control unit 201 will push the batch of cache to the reporting unit 203 for uploading through the Gigabit Ethernet Physical Layer Device (PHY) or cellular module. The star connection of the control unit 201, the communication unit 202, the synchronization module 102 and the non-volatile storage module 103 constitutes a "collection-cache-reporting" closed loop, ensuring data integrity and time reference consistency.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment, the communication unit 202 is a RS-485 master station interface unit. The communication unit 202 communicates with the PIT reader half-duplex through the RS-485 bus, and exchanges data with the control unit 201 through the universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter. In the embodiment, the RS-485 master station interface unit integrates an isolated differential transceiver and an adjustable baud rate jumper, which can be configured in the range of 19200bps-115200bps, and forms a Modbus-RTU bus with multiple PIT readers in parallel with the external geometry. The RS-485 master station interface unit panel is provided with A / B signal terminals, ground terminals and baud rate switch code. In the embodiment, the interaction between the communication unit 202 and the control unit 201 only occupies two half-duplex universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter (UART) signal lines - transmit data (TXD) and receive data (RXD), which are wired in the backplane control layer, and the baud rate can be up to 115200bps. The communication unit 202 sends the query frame generated by the control unit 201 to the RS-485 bus in the form of a differential signal, and sends the reader response frame back to the control unit 201 after isolation. It maintains a half-duplex UART connection with the control unit 201, and uses a shielded twisted pair straight bus with two 120Ω terminal resistors at both ends with the external reader. This master-slave connection ensures that up to 32 nodes can communicate stably within a 180m bus.

[0029] As a preferred implementation, the reporting unit 203 includes a Gigabit Ethernet physical layer transceiver and a Mini Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (Mini-PCIe) slot. The Mini-PCIe slot can be plugged with a 4G / 5G module to switch cellular networks. The reporting unit 203 can exchange cached data with the control unit 201 and support multiple upload protocols such as Modbus-TCP, MQTT, and HTTP. In this embodiment, the control unit 201 and the reporting unit 203 are interconnected through a 1000BASE-T Ethernet Medium Dependent Interface (MDI). Differential pairs are laid out in the backplane data layer, with impedance strictly controlled at 100Ω±10%. The reporting unit 203 interacts with the control unit 201 through the backplane Gigabit Ethernet channel and pushes data to the data analysis platform through an RJ-45 or cellular module. When the network drops, the reporting unit 203 writes the status to the link register of the control unit 201. The control unit 201 then suspends uploading and only caches. After the link is restored, the reporting unit 203 requests the missing segments in index mode and completes the retransmission. This connection ensures that the uploading process is visible and recoverable, achieving end-to-end data consistency.

[0030] As a preferred implementation, the synchronization module 102 is a CAN-bus synchronization interface unit. The synchronization module 102 includes a CAN controller, an optoelectronic isolation driver, and a constant current source. In this embodiment, the CAN-bus synchronization interface unit receives synchronization control signals from the control unit 201 through the backplane control bus and outputs 10ms periodic trigger pulses to each PIT reader synchronization line through the S1 / S2 terminals, ensuring that the internal coil excitation window is in phase in time and that the multi-point detection window is strictly aligned. The synchronization network uses differential transmission, with 120Ω terminal resistors connected in parallel at both ends to eliminate signal reflection. The synchronization module 102 is connected to the control unit 201 through two differential lines (CAN_H, CAN_L) in the control layer. The control unit 201 drives the synchronization pulse register, and the CAN controller is responsible for protocol frame generation and forwarding. The synchronization path of the control unit 201-synchronization module 102-PIT reader allows all detection gates to sample in the same time window, with an error of ≤50µs, which can be directly used for accurate calculation of fish passage time.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, the non-volatile storage module 103 uses a standard SD card slot to connect to the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus. The non-volatile storage module 103 supports a single card capacity of up to 128GB and can circularly cache all original monitoring records for no less than 30 days in the event of a network interruption. The card slot is located on the side of the non-volatile storage module 103, making it easy to replace or export the memory card on site. In this embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, data exchange between the control unit 201 and the non-volatile memory module 103 is based on a 4-wire SPI bus, maintaining a continuous write rate exceeding 40MB / s. Four differential traces are located inside the backplane data layer and paired with adjacent ground planes to ensure signal integrity. The high-speed point-to-point connection between the non-volatile memory module 103 and the control unit 201 ensures uninterrupted data transmission despite any communication or power failure.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, the fish passage monitoring data transmission device also includes a housing and a power bus, a data bus and a control bus arranged inside the housing. The power bus is used to provide a regulated power supply for the data transmission module 101, the synchronization module 102 and the non-volatile storage module 103. In this embodiment, the power bus can provide +5V, +3.3V and +24V regulated DC power supplies for each module. The data bus is used to transmit the fish passage monitoring data. In this embodiment, the data bus includes an SPI / SDIO interface and an Ethernet / MODBUS intranet link, which is used for high-speed data exchange between the control unit 201 and the non-volatile storage module 103 and the reporting unit 203. The control bus is used to transmit the synchronization control signal and the synchronization trigger pulse. In this embodiment, the control bus carries the Modbus-RTU master station frame and the CAN-bus synchronization pulse signal to realize the command issuance and trigger synchronization of the external PIT reader.

[0033] Furthermore, the housing of the fish passing monitoring data transmission device is an industrial protective housing, and the fish passing monitoring data transmission device is encapsulated in the industrial protective housing. The industrial protective housing consists of a detachable housing top cover and a housing base. Three types of backplane bus power bus, data bus and control bus are fixed on the inside of the base. The backplane bus realizes three types of signal partitioning in the form of a multi-layer printed circuit board. The housing meets the waterproof and dustproof level and can be installed as a whole in the control cabinet through the DIN rail. The modules of the fish passing monitoring data transmission device are installed side by side through the common rail and guide groove clips of the backplane bus.

[0034] After the functional modules are inserted side by side through the backboard, the bottom of the backboard is fixed to the chassis base by screws to form a rigid whole. The chassis top cover covers the top of each module, and is locked with the base by four external screws to complete the IP65 level sealing. This internal structure design realizes electrical isolation between functional modules, modular plug-in and high-reliability interconnection.

[0035] All functional modules complete the communication of power supply, data and control in three dimensions through the backboard bus. The backboard adopts a 10-layer industrial-grade PCB structure, which is divided into three types of conductor planes according to function: power supply layer, data layer and control layer. A whole copper foil shield is provided between each type of conductor layer and the adjacent reference ground layer, and the shield copper foil is connected to the chassis at the same potential.

[0036] Two 120Ω precision terminal resistors are welded at the end of the backboard control layer. If one end needs to be removed on the system side, a dip switch is reserved to disconnect the terminal resistor. RS-485A / B and CAN-bus S1 / S2 are led to the outside through the alligator spring terminals on the chassis side, and the terminal row is provided with a plug-in disconnecting maintenance bridge for on-site replacement or expansion.

[0037] The outermost two layers of the backboard are complete copper skin ground layers, which are connected to the conductive coating of the chassis through multi-point welding to form a shielding surface. All differential pairs are coupled to the ground layer in a 1:1 ratio, and the overall ground impedance is less than 10 mΩ. The shielding layer of the external RS-485 / CAN-bus shielded twisted pair is grounded on one side of the main control device, and is floating on the PIT reader side, forming a single-ended shielding system to avoid circulating current.

[0038] Through the above partition connection design of the power supply layer, the data layer, the control layer and the shielded ground, a high-reliability electrical signal path is established inside the device, which not only ensures high-speed data exchange between functional modules, but also ensures anti-interference and safety isolation of external communication, providing a hardware foundation for long-term stable operation in the fishway environment.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, the assembly process of the fish passage monitoring data transmission device is as follows.

[0040] (1) Backboard installation.

[0041] Four M4 press rivet studs are reserved on the inner surface of the chassis base. During assembly, first align the four positioning holes of the backboard bus with the studs, then make the backboard horizontally fit the base, and finally tighten four M4x8 stainless steel half countersunk head screws. Add a 1mm double-sided conductive gasket between the screw head and the backboard copper foil to ensure that the backboard ground and the base are at the same potential.

[0042] (2) Functional module insertion.

[0043] Equal distance card slots are arranged on the backboard, each slot is provided with two U-shaped gold-plated guide rails and a lateral spring lock. The functional modules are fixed in turn, and are vertically pressed from the top to align the corresponding card slots.

[0044] ①When the module's golden fingers are completely inserted into the backboard socket and the bottom edge is against the positioning surface, the lateral elastic lock automatically pops into the module's side wall groove, achieving one-time electrical connection and mechanical positioning.

[0045] ②If on-site maintenance is required, the attached plastic handle pry bar can be used to gently push the lock, and the module can be vertically pulled out without the need to disassemble other modules.

[0046] ③Each module's side wall has a 1mm injection molding protrusion, which maintains a 0.5mm gap after assembly, preventing vibration and facilitating air convection heat dissipation.

[0047] (3) The top cover of the casing is buckled.

[0048] After the functional modules are in place, the top cover of the casing is pressed down from directly above to the base mating surface. The top cover's four corner holes are matched with the base's nut columns, and press the 0.3mm thick Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) elastic pad strip on the top of each module. Then, four M4x12 stainless steel countersunk head screws are evenly tightened diagonally, making the top cover, functional unit, and base form an integral whole. The EPDM pad strip provides vertical pre-tightening force after being compressed, preventing the modules from loosening during transportation vibration, and also serving as environmental sealing.

[0049] (4) Terminal and connector fixation.

[0050] A unified terminal compartment is opened on the right side of the casing, and the backboard is connected with the terminal row through a 40pin right-angle insulation displacement connector (IDC) cable, forming four groups of external terminals for RS-485A / B, CAN-bus S1 / S2, 24V output, and shielded ground. The external side of the terminal row is installed with a detachable protective cover, and the bottom edge of the protective cover is pressed into a foam silicone rubber strip to ensure that the IP65 protection level is achieved after wiring is completed.

[0051] (5) Whole machine grounding and shielding.

[0052] An M5 external grounding terminal is pre-set at the lower left corner of the casing base, which is at the same potential as the backboard grounding copper foil and the overall metal layer of the casing. After assembly is completed, a 4mm² yellow-green double-color grounding wire is fixed to the terminal through a wire pressing nose, and is connected to the on-site grounding bus bar, with a grounding resistance not greater than 4Ω.

[0053] (6) Assembly inspection.

[0054] After the above steps are completed, the following steps are implemented in sequence.

[0055] ① Casing tightness detection (0.02MPa air tightness test, 1min no leakage).

[0056] (2) CAN-bus synchronization line.

[0057] (3) RS-485, CAN-bus continuous communication test (115200bps, 24h no frame error).

[0058] The assembly relationship of each module is shown in Figure 3 . Through the above assembly relationship, the quick plugging, replacement and high reliability fixation of each module are realized, and at the same time, with the aid of the layered structure of the case-back plate-function module, the convenience for later maintenance and expansion is provided on the premise of ensuring IP65 protection and anti-vibration performance.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 , the fish passing monitoring data transmission device and external components are connected through five types of lines: RS-485A / B data bus, CAN-bus S1 / S2 synchronization line, 24V DC power supply line, uplink communication link and safety grounding line. All external cables are led out from the right terminal cabin of the case, and the terminal cabin is additionally provided with a detachable protective cover and filled with sealing strips. After assembly is completed, the overall protection level remains IP65.

[0060] (1) RS-485 data bus.

[0061] Physical topology: The communication unit 202 provides a pair of differential terminals A / B. The terminals are connected to a shielded twisted pair line (2x1.0mm2+shielding), first to the PIT reader-inlet 1, then in series to the PIT reader-inlet 2, and finally to the PIT reader-outlet, forming a straight line bus.

[0062] Terminal resistance: Each of the two ends of the bus (the fish passing monitoring data transmission device end and the farthest reader end) is connected in parallel with a 120Ω terminal resistor T2, T1. No terminal is added to the intermediate node.

[0063] Electrical parameters: The baud rate is set to 38400bps, and the frame format is 8E1. The total length of the bus is ≤180m. The node capacitance is <100pF. The differential level meets the TIA-485-A standard.

[0064] Function: Used for master-slave communication of Modbus-RTU frame, the fish passing monitoring data transmission device polls the PIT reader and receives its response.

[0065] (2) CAN-bus synchronization line.

[0066] Physical topology: The synchronization module 102 connects the synchronization terminals S1 / S2 of the PIT reader in parallel through a shielded twisted pair line (2x0.75mm2+shielding), which goes to the same direction as RS-485, forming an independent synchronization bus.

[0067] Terminal resistor: Connect 120Ω terminal resistors in parallel at both ends of the synchronous bus and share the same installation location with RS-485.

[0068] Signal characteristics: A TTL-CAN pulse train with a period of 10ms and a width of 200µs is used to lock the excitation window of each PIT reader coil, aligning the entry and exit detection time bases.

[0069] Branch limit: Any reader branch line ≤ 3m, ensure that the distributed capacitance of the synchronization line is less than 50pF to avoid pulse distortion.

[0070] (3) 24V DC power supply line.

[0071] Output: The power module 204 supplies power through the red and black cores of a 2 x 1.5 mm² shielded cable. The red core is +24 V, and the black core is GND.

[0072] Power supply method: Bundled together with the RS-485 twisted pair cables, the "three-wire-in-one-bundle" wiring method is used to reduce the number of cable troughs.

[0073] Maximum load: The maximum operating current of a single PIT reader is 0.9A. The peak current when connected in parallel is <2.7A, which meets the requirements for downloading current on 1.5mm² copper wire at 30°C.

[0074] Protection: Built-in 3A thermal reset fuse and 600W transient voltage suppressor (TVS) diode for surge protection. A 0.5A fast-blow fuse is added to each PIT reader.

[0075] (4) Uplink communication link.

[0076] Wired method: Connect the RJ-45 Ethernet port on the right side of the fish passage monitoring data transmission device to the fishway management station switch using a CAT-6 shielded twisted-pair cable. The fish passage monitoring data transmission device acts as a Modbus-TCP server and exposes the MQTT / HTTP API.

[0077] Wireless backup: If there is no wired network on site, the 4G / 5G module can be inserted into the Mini-PCIe slot of the reporting unit 203, and the omnidirectional antenna can be connected through the Subminiature version A (SMA) male threaded antenna socket. The data is encrypted and transmitted to the data analysis platform via the cellular network.

[0078] Switching mechanism: The control unit 201 monitors the Ethernet link status. If there is no signal on the link for more than 10 seconds, the cellular channel is automatically switched. If the uplink bandwidth is insufficient, the buffer continues to accumulate in the non-volatile storage module 103.

[0079] (5) Safety ground wire.

[0080] Position: The M5 external grounding terminal on the left side of the chassis base is connected to the field grounding bus through a 4mm2 yellow-green double-color copper wire. The PIT reader metal bracket is also connected to the bus with a 2.5mm2 copper wire, realizing single-point grounding of the entire system.

[0081] Topology: The resistance of the grounding bus is ≤4Ω; the RS-485 / CAN-bus shielding layer is grounded at the fish passage monitoring data transmission device end and floating at the PIT reader end, avoiding circulating current.

[0082] Function: Eliminate common-mode noise and lightning-induced voltage to ensure reliable communication and personal safety.

[0083] Through the above five types of external wiring layout, the fish passage monitoring data transmission device, PIT reader, data analysis platform, and field power supply form a complete communication and power supply loop. RS-485 completes data exchange, CAN-bus ensures time synchronization, 24V line powers the PIT reader, uplink transmission monitors the results, unified grounding builds a safety shielding system, and realizes high reliability and easy maintenance of the fishway multi-point RF monitoring system.

[0084] In the fish passage monitoring data transmission device provided by the embodiment, the RS-485 bus can establish a fish passage monitoring data transmission device-PIT reader data loop, realizing low-speed and long-distance reliable transmission. The CAN-bus synchronization line can provide high-precision time base and eliminate multi-array time drift. The 24V power supply line can simplify field wiring by centralized power supply. The uplink communication link ensures remote data visibility and remote maintenance. The safety grounding line connects the chassis, backplane, and shielding layer, forming a stray current rapid discharge channel. The five types of lines are concentrated and introduced at the terminal cabin and isolated from each other, which not only facilitates actual construction but also reduces coupled noise.

[0085] Through the above structure and connection relationship, each functional module forms a closed loop coupling in three dimensions of power supply, data, and control: control unit 201 unified scheduling → communication unit 202 execution collection / synchronization → non-volatile storage module 103 guarantee data integrity → reporting unit 203 remote upload → power module 204 maintain stable power supply. The entire topology realizes the key functions required by the fishway multi-point RF monitoring, such as synchronous collection, breakpoint caching, data retransmission, and on-site maintainability, ensuring the data accuracy and reliability of the system in the outdoor long-term operation scenario.

[0086] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 5 a fish passage monitoring data transmission method is provided, including the following steps 501 to 503.

[0087] Step 501, using a data transmission module to send a synchronization control signal and receive fish passage monitoring data collected by a PIT reader, and uploading the fish passage monitoring data to a data analysis platform.

[0088] Step 502, using a synchronization module, sending a synchronization trigger pulse to the plurality of PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal. The plurality of PIT readers synchronously collect fish passing monitoring data under the excitation of the synchronization trigger pulse.

[0089] Step 503, using a non-volatile storage module, non-volatile storing the fish passing monitoring data.

[0090] Further, the above step 501 can be replaced by the following steps 5011 to 5013.

[0091] Step 5011, using a control unit to send the synchronization control signal.

[0092] Step 5012, using a communication unit to receive the fish passing monitoring data collected by the PIT reader.

[0093] Step 5013, using a reporting unit to upload the fish passing monitoring data to the data analysis platform.

[0094] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 The fish passing monitoring data transmission method includes the following steps 601 to 610.

[0095] Step 601, system initialization.

[0096] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0097] After the PLC CPU unit is powered on, the sub-steps shown in Table 1 are executed in sequence to complete the start-up configuration of the fish passing monitoring data transmission device. This step establishes communication parameters, time reference and local storage environment for subsequent synchronous collection and data caching.

[0098] Through the sequential execution of S1011-S1016, the system completes communication interface parameter writing, synchronization time base establishment, daily cache file creation and state flag refreshing, providing reliable hardware and software foundation for the synchronous collection cycle started in step 602.

[0099] Step 602, synchronization pulse output.

[0100] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0101] After the PLC CPU unit confirms that SYS_READY=1, it enters the synchronization pulse output process shown in Table 2, so that N readers (N≥2) work in the same sampling window, thereby ensuring the consistency of the time reference across the monitoring points.

[0102] Through S1021-S1024, the PLC CPU unit drives the CAN-bus synchronization interface unit with a hardware timer, continuously broadcasts a unified trigger pulse to N readers; and uses a synchronization count and confirmation signal double mechanism to monitor synchronization quality, ensuring that the time reference deviation of all monitoring points does not exceed 50µs, establishing an accurate and comparable timestamp system for subsequent polling collection.

[0103] Step 603, polling collection of tag data.

[0104] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0105] The PLC CPU unit executes the sub-steps as shown in Table 3, sequentially polls N PIT readers according to the configured reader address table ADDR_LIST={a1, a2, …, an} and returns a1 to restart after completing a round. This step obtains the original radio frequency data frames detected by each reader in the last synchronization window, providing a data source for subsequent analysis and caching. N} against N PIT readers, and returns a1 to restart after completing a round. This step obtains the original radio frequency data frames detected by each reader in the last synchronization window, providing a data source for subsequent analysis and caching.

[0106] Through S1031-S1035, the PLC CPU unit performs cyclic polling on N readers with a unified query frame format, realizing real-time collection of original radio frequency data; at the same time, it monitors communication quality with a timeout / CRC check, providing input and error flags for subsequent steps 604 (data analysis), 605 (real-time caching), and 606 (abnormal retry). The entire polling process runs under the time reference provided by step 602 (synchronization pulse), ensuring that the sampling window reported by each reader corresponds to the same synchronization period.

[0107] Step 604, analysis and standardization of records.

[0108] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0109] When step 603 polling is completed and the flag RX_OK=1, the PLC CPU unit executes the sub-steps as shown in Table 4, field splitting and format unification of the response frames in the buffer RAW_BUF, generating internal standard records RECORD for real-time caching (step 605) and subsequent statistics.

[0110] S1041-S1045 converts the device-specific binary frames of each reader into a unified field structure RECORD, and uses the shift splicing formula Generate 56-bit globally unique tag encoding. Where Country is ISO11784 country code, Serial is 5-byte serial number (known quantity), TagID is method-calculated unknown quantity. This standardization process guarantees that subsequent caching and statistics steps do not need to distinguish between different reader formats, thus enabling data consistency across devices.

[0111] Step 605, real-time caching.

[0112] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0113] When the RECORD has been successfully pushed into the PARSED_FIFO, the PLC CPU unit immediately executes the real-time write and cache management process as shown in Table 5, ensuring that even if the network or power is interrupted, no monitoring records will be lost.

[0114] S1051-S1055 ensure that each monitoring record is written to disk within <10ms of its generation, and passes the write offset to step 607 through the UPLOAD_PTR queue and the UPLOAD_FLAG signal; at the same time, a daily rotation + margin detection dual mechanism is used to ensure that the file is easy to manage in long-period operation and will not cause data loss due to storage depletion.

[0115] Step 606, exception monitoring and retry.

[0116] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0117] When sub-step S1034 sets RX_OK=0 (communication timeout or CRC error), the PLC CPU unit immediately starts the exception monitoring and retry process as shown in Table 6, which ensures data integrity during short link jitter and avoids long-term blocking of polling by individual faulty readers.

[0118] S1061-S1065 use a three-layer mechanism of limited retransmission + offline isolation + periodic recovery detection to ensure that short-term frame errors can be automatically supplemented while preventing a single persistent faulty reader from occupying the polling window for a long time; the global BUS_WARN flag provides real-time link health indication to the upper computer or maintenance personnel, thus improving the overall reliability and operation continuity of the system.

[0119] Step 607, batch upload cache.

[0120] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0121] When one of the following conditions is met: ① System status register UPLOAD_FLAG = 1; ② Internal real-time clock meets the period condition t_now - t_last_upload ≥ T_up (default 60s), the PLC CPU unit immediately starts the batch upload process sub-steps as shown in Table 7, and pushes the un-uploaded records in the real-time cache to the host computer or cloud platform.

[0122] S1071-S1077 Through the complete upload chain of "link detection → session establishment → batch reading → verification and sending → index updating", it not only ensures efficient pushing of data in fixed granularity of BATCH rows / frames when the network is good, but also prevents record omission by NET_RETRY automatic retransmission and UPLOAD_PTR queue mechanism when the network is jittering; and uses logs to clearly record the status of each batch upload, providing a basis for remote monitoring and fault tracing.

[0123] Step 608, automatic missing segment retransmission.

[0124] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0125] When the uplink recovers normally or the server performs integrity verification on the previous batch upload, the server may return the missing segment index table MISS_LIST = {(s1, e1), (s2, e2), …, (s q ,e q )} (where s i , e i are file offsets). The PLC CPU unit enters the retransmission process as shown in Table 8, performs directed reading and reliable retransmission for each missing segment, and confirms no omission by the server.

[0126] This step uses the missing segment index MISS_LIST returned by the server, and the PLC CPU unit performs segment-by-segment retransmission according to the "directed reading → verification and retransmission → log feedback" process, ensuring that even in the case of previous link jitter or retry failure, the final file-level 100% data integrity can be achieved. The logs <REUP_OK / REUP_FAIL> and DAY_SYNC_OK flag provide accurate retransmission success rate and daily integrity rate indicators for the backend statistical system.

[0127] Step 609, daily statistics and report generation.

[0128] Execution subject: PLC CPU.

[0129] When the system real-time clock detects that the date is switched from D to D+1 (00:00:00), the PLC CPU unit starts the daily statistics process shown in Table 9 to aggregate and analyze the previous natural day cache file DATA_D.bin, generate a structured daily report REPORT_D.csv, and push it to the server.

[0130] Wherein the parameters are as follows.

[0131] TagID: 56-bit globally unique tag code (known quantity).

[0132] t_in, t_out: The earliest time stamp of the same tag at the entrance and exit reader (obtained by program retrieval unknown quantity).

[0133] PassageRate: The proportion of fish detected at the entrance and finally detected at the exit to the fish detected at the entrance.

[0134] PassageTime: The length of time a single fish stays in the fishway.

[0135] S1091-S1096 complete file-level traversal, hash aggregation, and index calculation locally without relying on external databases; the generated REPORT_D.csv contains both summary indicators and individual fish passage details, meeting the dual needs of scientific research and operation and maintenance; the archiving mechanism ensures that the original data is traceable, and the index register refresh facilitates real-time visualization.

[0136] Step 610, controlled shutdown and maintenance.

[0137] Execution subject: PLC CPU unit.

[0138] In order to avoid file system damage and record loss during planned maintenance, SD card replacement, or device migration, the PLC CPU unit provides a controlled shutdown process as shown in Table 10. Shutdown actions can be triggered by remote operation instructions CMD_SHUTDOWN or the "Maintenance" button on the front panel for more than 3 seconds.

[0139] Through the sequence of "stop synchronization -> terminate polling -> disk upload -> staged power-off" of S1101-S1107, the following effects are guaranteed.

[0140] 1. All read windows are closed in advance to avoid pulse interruption causing reader false triggering.

[0141] 2. The polling process safely exits without generating half-frame or CRC errors.

[0142] 3. Cache file complete index and CRC flush, direct remount read at any time.

[0143] 4. External reader first cut off 24V, then turn off internal logic power, prevent reverse power feedback.

[0144] 5. Maintenance indicator light makes on-site personnel clear that the device has entered a safe power-off state, and can replace the SD card or disassemble the whole device with confidence.

[0145] The controlled shutdown process meets the requirements of IEC61131-2 industrial control system on "stop data integrity" and "sequential power-off", ensuring the reliability of the fishway monitoring system during long-term operation and maintenance.

[0146] The application combines the master control device with the ten-step monitoring process, significantly improving the reliability, time accuracy, data integrity, maintainability, and scalability of the fishway multi-point PIT-Tag monitoring system compared to existing "single-chip + host computer" or "single-array reader" solutions. The main technical effects are as follows.

[0147] 1. Effectively reduce the time reference error across monitoring points.

[0148] The control unit broadcasts differential pulses to all readers according to the timer. The reader only energizes the coil within the pulse window, and the entry and exit dots are in the same phase, so the timestamp error across points is effectively reduced, and the >2ms error caused by energy drift in the existing "local oscillator for each reader" solution is significantly reduced.

[0149] 2. Raw record loss rate ≈ 0%.

[0150] Each record is written to the SD card within ≤10ms; if the network is offline, batch uploading is suspended while the cache continues to accumulate; the server checks the missing segments and uses the MISS_LIST to direct reverse indexing and retransmission, ensuring 100% file-level integrity. The traditional "reader serial port → host computer file" system cannot automatically fill in the gaps when the link is jittering, which can easily cause 0.5%–2% data holes.

[0151] 3. The maximum number of nodes on the single bus is increased to 32, and hot swapping does not require changes to the main program.

[0152] The polling address table is stored in a writable EEPROM and can be added or deleted remotely by the host computer. The PLC traverses the table without compiling-level changes to the code. The physical layer of the node uses a 120Ω terminal differential bus, which theoretically supports 32 readers, significantly improving the usual limit of 8–10 readers connected directly to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0153] 4. Communication link failure self-healing, single-point failure does not block the main loop.

[0154] Retry 3 times for any reader, isolated 300s, and background periodic detection recovery. Avoid long-term failure nodes occupying the polling window, causing system stagnation. This mechanism can reduce >95% of link congestion time compared to the existing "infinite retry" solution.

[0155] 5. Maintenance time is shortened.

[0156] Six-function unit knife-type hot plug, top cover four screws quick disassembly. Controlled power-off is executed in the order of "synchronization -> polling -> disk brushing -> staged power-off", and maintenance personnel can replace the SD card or certain function module within 5 minutes without additional isolation of the on-site network and power supply.

[0157] 6. The protection and electromagnetic compatibility performance is improved.

[0158] The chassis-back plate-shielding layer is at the same potential + single-ended ground, which can suppress more than 30dB common mode noise. Surge / reverse connection protection is integrated in the power module, which can withstand 600W 8 / 20µs lightning waves, and the anti-interference degree is significantly improved compared with the bare board or perforated shell scheme.

[0159] Through the synergy of key technical points such as double-bus architecture, real-time local cache, full-automatic retransmission, modular assembly, and controlled shutdown, the application realizes the comprehensive technical effects of high time accuracy, zero data loss, high node expansion, link self-healing, easy maintenance, and high EMC protection, which are significantly superior to the existing fishway radio frequency monitoring system.

[0160] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user equipment information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in the present application are all information and data authorized by the user or authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of related data need to comply with relevant regulations.

[0161] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed, the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments of the methods can be included. Any reference to memory, databases or other media used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical storage, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. As an illustration but not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0162] The database involved in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database can include a distributed database based on a blockchain, etc., without being limited thereto. The processor involved in the embodiments provided in the present application can be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., without being limited thereto.

[0163] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist, they should be considered as the scope of the present application.

[0164] The principles and implementation modes of the present application are described by applying specific examples herein. The above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation mode and application range can be changed. In conclusion, the content of the present application should not be understood as a limitation.

Claims

1. A data transmission device for monitoring fish passage, characterized in that: The fish passing monitoring data transmission device comprises: A data transmission module, configured to send a synchronization control signal and receive fish passing monitoring data collected by a PIT reader, and upload the fish passing monitoring data to a data analysis platform; A synchronization module is used to send a synchronization trigger pulse to multiple PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal; the multiple PIT readers synchronously collect fish monitoring data under the stimulation of the synchronization trigger pulse; The non-volatile storage module is used for performing non-volatile storage on the fish passing monitoring data.

2. The fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data transmission module includes: A control unit, configured to send the synchronization control signal; A communication unit for receiving fish monitoring data collected by a PIT reader; The reporting unit is used to upload the fish passing monitoring data to the data analysis platform.

3. The fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reporting unit is further configured to send a network link status and a missing segment index to the control unit; the network link status includes connected and disconnected; The control unit is also used to send the fish passing monitoring data to the non-volatile storage module when the network link status is disconnected, and when the network link status is connected, obtain the missing data from the non-volatile storage module according to the missing fragment index, and send the missing data to the reporting unit.

4. The fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control unit is a PLCCPU unit.

5. The fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The communication unit communicates with the PIT reader in half-duplex mode via an RS-485 bus, and interacts with the control unit via a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter.

6. The fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reporting unit includes a Gigabit Ethernet physical layer transceiver and a Mini-PCIe slot.

7. The fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fish passing monitoring data transmission device further comprises a housing and a power bus, a data bus and a control bus arranged inside the housing; The power bus is used to provide a regulated power supply for the data transmission module, the synchronization module and the non-volatile storage module; The data bus is used to transmit the fish passing monitoring data; The control bus is used to transmit the synchronization control signal and the synchronization trigger pulse.

8. The fish passing monitoring data transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronization module includes a CAN controller, a photoelectric isolation driver and a constant current source.

9. A method for transmitting fish passage monitoring data, applied to the fish passage monitoring data transmission device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The fish passing monitoring data transmission method comprises: The data transmission module sends a synchronous control signal and receives the fish passing monitoring data collected by the PIT reader, and uploads the fish passing monitoring data to the data analysis platform; A synchronization module is used to send a synchronization trigger pulse to multiple PIT readers according to the synchronization control signal; the multiple PIT readers synchronously collect fish monitoring data under the stimulation of the synchronization trigger pulse; A non-volatile storage module is used to perform non-volatile storage on the fish passing monitoring data.

10. The method for transmitting fish passage monitoring data according to claim 9, characterized in that: The data transmission module is used to send synchronous control signals and receive fish monitoring data collected by the PIT reader, and the fish monitoring data is uploaded to the data analysis platform, specifically including: Using a control unit to send the synchronization control signal; The communication unit is used to receive the fish monitoring data collected by the PIT reader; The fish passing monitoring data is uploaded to the data analysis platform using a reporting unit.

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