Forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology and vehicle reducing pipe forming method

Abstract

The invention provides a forming device based on the electromagnetic pulse technology and a vehicle reducing pipe forming method.The forming device comprises a plurality of first electromagnetic pulse forming tool heads and a plurality of second electromagnetic pulse forming tool heads, and each first electromagnetic pulse forming tool head and each second electromagnetic pulse forming tool head can independently move in the radial direction and are fixed to the target position; a cylindrical space between the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head I and the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head II is used for accommodating a tubular workpiece; a driving mechanism of the electromagnetic forming tool head is started to enable the electromagnetic forming tool head to move in the radial direction, and when it is monitored that the distance value fed back by the distance sensor is equal to the calculated value, the driving mechanism of the electromagnetic forming tool head is controlled to stop. According to the invention, the processing cost of the reducing pipe is obviously reduced, various coils and stainless steel molds with different specifications do not need to be configured, and large-scale application is more facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic pulse technology forming, and in particular relates to a forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology and a vehicle reducer forming method. Background Art

[0002] Electromagnetic pulse forming (EMP) is a high-speed forming technology based on the principle of using a pulsed magnetic field to exert force on tubular or plate-shaped metal workpieces made of highly conductive materials (such as aluminum alloys and titanium alloys), causing them to undergo plastic deformation. Based on the physical effects described by Maxwell, energy stored in an energy storage device (typically a capacitor) is instantly released, generating a transient, large alternating pulse current. This current passes through a magnetic pulse inductor and generates a strong alternating magnetic field around it. This field induces a current on the metal surface in the opposite direction of the inductor current, generating a mutually repulsive magnetic force that drives the metal workpiece into plastic deformation.

[0003] Currently, electromagnetic pulse forming (EMP) technology has been widely applied in tube expansion, tube reduction, flat plate forming, and electromagnetic blanking. In tube expansion, EMP can control the billet's shape by changing the structure of the expansion coil, thereby achieving forming. For tube reduction, the external coil can achieve localized diameter reduction and tube opening reduction deformation. However, while existing solutions can meet the processing needs of different-sized reducers, they are only suitable for tubes (fittings) with the same or substantially the same diameter. If EMP forming is required for tubes (fittings) of different sizes, multiple tools of different specifications are required, which is very costly in engineering applications. This is especially true for reducers with a minimum diameter greater than DN350mm, which are used in various special equipment vehicles. Switching between production processes for just two different reducers can take dozens of days. Furthermore, EMP forming is limited to internal forming tools and external stainless steel molds, making it difficult to form complex reducers. In addition, with the development of high-end equipment, the manufacturing requirements for high-precision, high-strength titanium alloy components (such as TC4 titanium alloy reducers) are becoming increasingly higher, and there is an urgent need to develop manufacturing equipment that can meet the requirements of such components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] At least in order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the present invention provides a forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology and a forming method for a vehicle reducer.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] A forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology includes an electromagnetic pulse tool head 1, several electromagnetic pulse tool heads 1 are radially arranged on an outer cylinder, and several electromagnetic pulse tool heads 2 are radially arranged on an inner cylinder. The outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are arranged coaxially. Each electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and each electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 can independently move radially and be fixed at a target position. The cylindrical space between the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 is used to accommodate a tubular workpiece; when the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is used as a tool to provide forming force, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 facing the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 serves as a forming mold; when the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 is used as a tool to provide forming force, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 facing the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 serves as a forming mold.

[0007] Furthermore, the first electromagnetic pulse tool head and the second electromagnetic pulse tool head are both equipped with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head to move radially.

[0008] Furthermore, a first distance sensor is radially arranged on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1, and a second distance sensor is radially arranged on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2. The first distance sensor is used to measure the distance from its reference point (the first distance sensor reference point) to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and the second distance sensor is used to measure the distance from its reference point (the second distance sensor reference point) to the outer wall of the inner cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the first electromagnetic pulse tool head, the second electromagnetic pulse tool head, the drive mechanism, the first distance sensor, and the second distance sensor are all connected to a control system. The control system includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following functions are achieved: Acquire distance data fed back by the first distance sensor and the second distance sensor in real time; Controlling the driving mechanism to operate so that the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head connected thereto moves to a target position; Control the start and stop of electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and electromagnetic pulse tool head 2.

[0010] A method for forming a vehicle reducer using the aforementioned forming device comprises the following steps: Step 1: Obtain a design model of the reducer, extract multiple cross-sectional circles from the design model, and obtain the radius of each cross-sectional circle, where each cross-sectional circle corresponds to an electromagnetic pulse forming tool head at the same height position; Step 2: From bottom to top, define the radius of the first cross-section circle as r1, the radius of the second cross-section circle as r2, and the radius of the nth cross-section circle as r. n , define the radius of the inner wall of the outer cylinder as R 外筒 , the radius of the outer wall of the inner cylinder is R 内筒 ; Step 3: Use the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) as the forming die and calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder according to the following formula (I): 外 , calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 to the outer wall of the inner cylinder according to the following formula (II): 内 ; d 外 =R 外筒 – r 管坯 –L1………… (Ⅰ) d 内 =r n – R 内筒 –L2………… (Ⅱ) Wherein, L1 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the tube blank, and L2 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 to the tube blank; Step 4: Start the driving mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to move the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 radially. When the distance value fed back by the first distance sensor is equal to d 外 When the distance value fed back by the second distance sensor is equal to d 内 When , the driving mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 is controlled to stop; Step 5: Put the tube blank on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic pulse tool head; Step 6: Turn on the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head that is not used as the forming mold (i.e., turn on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1) to perform electromagnetic pulse forming to obtain a reducer; Step 7: Control each electromagnetic pulse forming tool head to reset and close, and then remove the reducer.

[0011] As a preferred solution, in step 4: first control the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle to move radially to the corresponding target position, and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle to move radially to the corresponding target position; then control the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 corresponding to the second cross-sectional circle to move radially to the corresponding target position, and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 corresponding to the second cross-sectional circle to move radially to the corresponding target position... until the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 corresponding to the nth cross-sectional circle are controlled to move radially to the corresponding target positions.

[0012] As a preferred solution, in step 4: first control all electromagnetic pulse tool heads to move radially to corresponding target positions, and then control all electromagnetic pulse tool heads to move radially to corresponding target positions.

[0013] In order to more smoothly realize the electromagnetic pulse forming of the reducer, when the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is used as the forming mold, L1 is 0; when the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 is used as the forming mold, L2 is 0.

[0014] Beneficial effect: The electromagnetic pulse forming process is carried out for tube blanks (tube fittings) of different specifications, and the present invention significantly reduces the processing cost (taking the processing of the reducer 1 with a minimum diameter of DN350mm and a maximum diameter of DN400mm and the reducer 2 with a minimum diameter of DN400mm and a maximum diameter of DN600mm as an example, Using the traditional electromagnetic pulse forming processing method, it takes about 20 days to switch the production process alone. However, using the solution of the present invention, the production process switching only takes less than half a day, and there is no need to configure a variety of coils and stainless steel molds of different specifications, which is more conducive to large-scale application. The present invention is not only suitable for electromagnetic pulse forming with built-in or external coils (electromagnetic pulse forming tool heads), but also can smoothly form complex-structured reducers, such as forming discontinuously reduced-diameter reducers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology in Example 1; Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of the forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology in Example 1; Figure 4 The design model of the reducer in Example 2 and its cross-sectional circular diagram Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the initial state of the reducer forming process in Example 2; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the initial state of the reducer forming process in Example 2 (discontinuously reduced diameter reducer). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the present invention, the electromagnetic pulse tool head and its main unit are prior art and will not be described in detail herein. It should be noted that although the present invention only lists the method for forming a vehicle reducer, it can be directly applied to the manufacture of engine casings of certain aircraft, as well as other reducers with a Laval structure. Example 1

[0017] This embodiment describes the forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology includes an electromagnetic pulse tool head 1, several electromagnetic pulse tool heads 1 are radially arranged on an outer cylinder 2, and several electromagnetic pulse tool heads 2 3 are radially arranged on an inner cylinder 4. The outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 4 are coaxially arranged. Each electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and each electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 can independently move radially and be fixed at a target position. The cylindrical space between the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is used to accommodate a tubular workpiece; when the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is used as a tool to provide forming force, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 facing the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is used as a forming mold; when the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is used as a tool to provide forming force, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 facing the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is used as a forming mold.

[0018] In this embodiment, both EMP tool head 1 and EMP tool head 2 3 are equipped with a drive mechanism (specifically, a lead screw drive mechanism driven by a servo motor) for driving the EMP forming tool heads in radial motion. The drive mechanism 8 of EMP tool head 1 is mounted on an outer cylindrical support 9, while the drive mechanism 13 of EMP tool head 2 3 is mounted on an inner cylindrical support 10. The inner cylindrical support 10, outer cylindrical support 9, inner cylinder 4, and outer cylinder 2 are all coaxially fixedly mounted on a base 11.

[0019] In this embodiment, a first distance sensor 5 is radially arranged on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1, and a second distance sensor 6 is radially arranged on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3. The first distance sensor 5 is used to measure the distance from its reference point to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2, and the second distance sensor 6 is used to measure the distance from its reference point to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 4.

[0020] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3, the drive mechanism, the first distance sensor 5, and the second distance sensor 6 are all connected to a control system. The control system includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following functions are achieved: Acquire distance data fed back by the first distance sensor 5 and the second distance sensor 6 in real time; Controlling the driving mechanism to operate so that the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head connected thereto moves to a target position; Control the start and stop of electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and electromagnetic pulse tool head 2. Example 2

[0021] A method for forming a vehicle reducer using the forming device of Example 1, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Obtain a reducer design model 14, extract multiple cross-sectional circles 7 from the reducer design model 14, and obtain the radius 7 of each cross-sectional circle, where each cross-sectional circle 7 corresponds to an electromagnetic pulse forming tool head at the same height position; Step 2: From bottom to top, define the radius of the first cross-section circle 71 as r1, the radius of the second cross-section circle 72 as r2, and the radius of the nth cross-section circle as r. n , define the radius of the inner wall of outer cylinder 2 as R 外筒 , the radius of the outer wall of the inner tube 4 is R 内筒 ; Step 3: Use the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 as the forming die and calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 according to the following formula (I): 外 , calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 4 according to the following formula (II): 内 ; d 外 =R 外筒 – r 管坯 –L1………… (Ⅰ) d 内 =r n – R 内筒 –L2………… (Ⅱ) Wherein, L1 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the tube 12, the tube 12 is coaxially arranged with the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 2, and L2 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 to the tube 12; When the electromagnetic pulse tool head 23 is used as the forming die, L2 is 0; Step 4: Start the driving mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to move the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 radially. When the distance value fed back by the first distance sensor 5 is equal to d 外 When the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is controlled to stop the driving mechanism; the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is turned on to make the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 move radially. When the distance value feedback from the second distance sensor 6 is equal to d 内 When the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is controlled to stop the driving mechanism; One of the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head adjustment schemes in this step is: first, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle 71 is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position, and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle 71 is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position; then, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 corresponding to the second cross-sectional circle 72 is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position, and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 corresponding to the second cross-sectional circle 72 is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position... until the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 corresponding to the nth cross-sectional circle are controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position; The second electromagnetic pulse forming tool head adjustment scheme in this step: You can also first control all electromagnetic pulse tool heads 1 to move radially to the corresponding target position, and then control all electromagnetic pulse tool heads 2 to move radially to the corresponding target position; Step 5: Put the tube blank 12 on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3; Step 6: Turn on the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head that is not used as the forming mold (i.e., turn on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1) to perform electromagnetic pulse forming to obtain a reducer; Step 7: Control each electromagnetic pulse forming tool head to reset and close, and then remove the reducer.

[0022] Next, we will take the specific reducer forming of the exhaust system of a special vehicle as an example to explain. The reducer is a concentric reducer made of TC4 titanium alloy with a specification of 800mm (length) * DN600mm (large end diameter) * 400mm (small end diameter). The tube blank specification is DN600mm (r 管坯 =300mm). According to the size of the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head and the height of the concentric reducer, a total of nine layers of electromagnetic pulse forming tool heads are required to perform forming simultaneously. The arrangement of the nine layers of electromagnetic pulse forming tool heads is as follows: Figure 5 Implementation process: like Figure 4 As shown, the design model 14 of the concentric reducer is obtained in advance, and then nine cross-sectional circles 7 are extracted from the design model 14, and the radius 7 of each cross-sectional circle is obtained. Each cross-sectional circle 7 corresponds to the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head at the same height position. The cross-sectional circles obtained are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, each cross-sectional circle corresponds to the corresponding position of DN600, DN575, DN550, DN525, DN500, DN475, DN450, DN425, and DN400 in the figure; From bottom to top, define the radius of the first cross-sectional circle 71 as r1 (300 mm), the radius of the second cross-sectional circle 72 as r2 (287.5 mm), and the radius of the ninth cross-sectional circle as r9 (200 mm). The radius of the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 is R 外筒(800mm, this radius is a fixed value), the radius of the outer wall of the inner tube 4 is R 内筒 (100mm, this radius is a fixed value); Step 3: Use the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 as the forming die and calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 according to the following formula (I): 外 , calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 4 according to the following formula (II): 内 ; d 外 =R 外筒 -r 管坯 –L1………… (Ⅰ) d 内 =r n – R 内筒 –L2………… (Ⅱ) Wherein, L1 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the cross-sectional circle 7 of the tube 12, and L2 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 to the cross-sectional circle 7 of the tube 12; In this example, when the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is used as the forming die, L2 is 0; Since the forming object is a concentric reducer, according to the specifications and wall thickness of the tube blank 12, the preset distance value L1 between all electromagnetic pulse tool heads 1 and the surface of the tube blank 12 is pre-set to 30mm. The electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is used as the forming die, and L2 is set to 0; From this, we can calculate: The set distance from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle 71 d 外 R 外筒 -r 管坯 – L1 = 800-300-30 = 470 mm; The second cross-sectional circle 72 corresponds to the set distance from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 d 外 R 外筒 –r 管坯 – L1 = 800-300-30 = 470 mm; The third cross-sectional circle 73 corresponds to the set distance from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 d 外 R 外筒 –r 管坯 – L1 = 800-300-30 = 470 mm; By analogy, the ninth cross-sectional circle corresponds to the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2. 外 R 外筒 –r管坯 – L1 = 800-300-30 = 470 mm; The set distance from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 4 corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle 71 is r1 – R 内筒 – L2 = 300-100-0 = 200 mm; The second cross-sectional circle 72 corresponds to the set distance between the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 4 is r2 – R 内筒 –L2=287.5-100-0=187.5mm; The third cross-sectional circle 73 corresponds to the set distance between the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 4 is r3 – R 内筒 – L2 = 275-100-0 = 175 mm; By analogy, the set distance from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 4 corresponding to the ninth cross-sectional circle is r9-R 内筒 –L2=200-100-0=100mm; The driving mechanism 8 of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is turned on to move the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 radially. When the distance value fed back by the first distance sensor 5 is equal to d 外 When the driving mechanism 8 of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is controlled to stop, the state at this time is as follows Figure 5 As shown, all electromagnetic pulse tool heads 1 are located on the same circumference and have the same set distance from the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2; The driving mechanism 13 of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 is turned on to move the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3 radially. When the distance value fed back by the second distance sensor 6 is equal to d 内 When the driving mechanism 13 of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 23 is controlled to stop, the state at this time is as follows Figure 5 As shown, all electromagnetic pulse tool heads 2 3 are located on the corresponding inclined surface profile 15 of the concentric reducer; Next, the tube blank 12 is placed on the outer periphery of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3. The state at this time is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the wall of the tube 12 is located between the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 3; Next, the electromagnetic pulse forming tool head that is not used as a forming mold is turned on (i.e., the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 is turned on) to perform electromagnetic pulse forming to obtain a concentric reducer; Control each electromagnetic pulse forming tool head to reset and close, and then take out the concentric reducer.

[0023] The above process only describes a reducer with a minimum diameter of DN400mm and a maximum diameter of DN600mm. If the same device is required to form a reducer with a minimum diameter of DN350mm and a maximum diameter of DN400mm, the position of the corresponding electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) can be calculated and adjusted according to the above steps, which is very convenient and quick. The above steps are based on the solution using the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) as the forming die. If the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) is used as the forming die, simply adjust the corresponding calculation formula according to the above steps. In this embodiment of the present invention, the forming force of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) corresponding to each cross-sectional circle 7 is calculated and determined by a person skilled in the art based on the forming distance (the distance between the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 and the corresponding inclined surface profile 15 of the concentric reducer).

[0024] Refer to the ideas in the previous steps and calculate the corresponding set distance d 内 d 外 Adjust the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 to the following data: Figure 6 The position shown in the figure can form a discontinuous reducing reducer at one time.

[0025] The present invention significantly reduces the processing cost of electromagnetic pulse forming for tube blanks (tube fittings) of different specifications (taking the processing of reducer 1 with a minimum diameter of DN350mm and a maximum diameter of DN400mm and a reducer 2 with a minimum diameter of DN400mm and a maximum diameter of DN600mm as an example, the traditional electromagnetic pulse forming method takes about 20 days to switch the production process, mainly because the mold opening takes a very long time and is very expensive, while the solution of the present invention takes less than half a day to switch the production process), and there is no need to configure a variety of coils and stainless steel molds of different specifications, which is more conducive to large-scale application; the present invention is not only suitable for electromagnetic pulse forming with a built-in or external electromagnetic pulse forming tool head, but also can smoothly form reducers with complex structures, such as forming discontinuous reduced diameter reducers ( Figure 6 The reducer shown in the figure) and the vehicle wheel hub solve the technical problem that the existing solution is difficult to form a discontinuous reduced diameter reducer.

Claims

1. A forming device based on electromagnetic pulse technology, comprising an electromagnetic pulse tool head (1), characterized in that: A plurality of electromagnetic pulse tool heads (1) are radially arranged on an outer cylinder (2), and a plurality of electromagnetic pulse tool heads (3) are radially arranged on an inner cylinder (4). The outer cylinder (2) and the inner cylinder (4) are coaxially arranged. Each electromagnetic pulse tool head (1) and each electromagnetic pulse tool head (3) can independently move radially and be fixed at a target position. The cylindrical space between the electromagnetic pulse tool head (1) and the electromagnetic pulse tool head (3) is used to accommodate a tubular workpiece. When the electromagnetic pulse tool head (1) is used as a tool for providing a forming force, the electromagnetic pulse tool head (3) facing the electromagnetic pulse tool head (1) is used as a forming mold. When the electromagnetic pulse tool head (3) is used as a tool for providing a forming force, the electromagnetic pulse tool head (1) facing the electromagnetic pulse tool head (3) is used as a forming mold.

2. The forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) are both equipped with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the electromagnetic pulse tool head to move radially.

3. The forming device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A first distance sensor (5) is radially arranged on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1), and a second distance sensor (6) is radially arranged on the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3). The first distance sensor (5) is used to measure the distance from its reference point to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (2), and the second distance sensor (6) is used to measure the distance from its reference point to the outer wall of the inner cylinder (4).

4. The forming device according to claim 3, characterized in that The electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1), the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3), the driving mechanism, the first distance sensor (5) and the second distance sensor (6) are all connected to a control system. The control system includes a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following functions are realized: Acquiring distance data fed back by the first distance sensor (5) and the second distance sensor (6) in real time; Controlling the driving mechanism to move the electromagnetic pulse tool head connected thereto to the target position; Control the start and stop of electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) and electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3).

5. A method for forming a vehicle reducer using the forming device according to claim 4, characterized in that the steps include: Step 1, obtaining a design model of the reducer, extracting multiple cross-sectional circles (7) from the design model of the reducer, and obtaining the radius (7) of each cross-sectional circle, wherein each cross-sectional circle (7) corresponds to an electromagnetic pulse tool head at the same height position; Step 2: From bottom to top, define the radius of the first cross-section circle (71) as r1, the radius of the second cross-section circle (72) as r2, and the radius of the nth cross-section circle as r. n , define the radius of the inner wall of the outer cylinder (2) as R 外筒 , the radius of the outer wall of the inner cylinder (4) is R 内筒 ; Step 3, using the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) as the forming die, calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (2) according to the following formula (I): 外 , calculate the set distance d from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) to the outer wall of the inner cylinder (4) according to the following formula (II): 内 ; d 外 =R 外筒 – r 管坯 –L1………… (Ⅰ) d 内 =r n – R 内筒 –L2………… (Ⅱ) Wherein, L1 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) to the tube blank (6), and L2 represents the preset distance value from the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) to the tube blank (6); Step 4, start the driving mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1), so that the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) moves radially, and when the distance value fed back by the first distance sensor (5) is detected to be equal to d 外 When the driving mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) is controlled to stop, the driving mechanism of the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) is turned on to make the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) move radially. When the distance value fed back by the second distance sensor (6) is detected to be equal to d 内 When the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) is controlled to stop the driving mechanism; Step 5, placing the tube blank (6) on the outer periphery of the second electromagnetic pulse tool head (3); Step 6: Turn on the electromagnetic pulse tool head that is not used as the forming mold to perform electromagnetic forming to obtain a reducer; Step 7: Control each electromagnetic pulse tool head to reset and close, and then remove the reducer.

6. The method for forming a vehicle reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4: first, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle (71) is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position, and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) corresponding to the first cross-sectional circle (71) is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position; then, the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) corresponding to the second cross-sectional circle (72) is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position, and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) corresponding to the second cross-sectional circle (72) is controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position... until the electromagnetic pulse tool head 1 (1) and the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) corresponding to the nth cross-sectional circle are controlled to move radially to the corresponding target position.

7. The method for forming a vehicle reducer according to claim 5, wherein: In step 4: first control all electromagnetic pulse tool heads 1 (1) to move radially to the corresponding target position, and then control all electromagnetic pulse tool heads 2 (3) to move radially to the corresponding target position.

8. The vehicle reducer forming method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: When the electromagnetic pulse tool head 2 (3) is used as the forming die, L2 is 0.

9. The method for forming a vehicle reducer according to claim 8, wherein: The vehicle reducer can be replaced by an aircraft engine casing, that is, the method is suitable for preparing an aircraft engine casing.

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