High-precision light powder coupling laser additive manufacturing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-precision light powder coupling laser additive manufacturing device which comprises a powder feeding mechanism, a gas tank and a nozzle mechanism connected to a powder feeding pipe support of a laser cladding spray head assembly, the outer wall of the nozzle mechanism is connected with a single-cavity cavity, and the gas tank is communicated with the powder feeding mechanism and the single-cavity cavity through gas conveying pipes. The powder feeding mechanism is used for conveying powder into the nozzle mechanism by being matched with gas in the gas tank, and the nozzle mechanism comprises a powder gas filtering area and a screw driving area. Through the synergistic effect of the powder and gas filtering and discharging structure and screw driving, gas can be discharged to the outside when pushing powder to the spray head, the powder can be uniformly and orderly conveyed under the driving force of the screw, the powder is effectively gathered together, the problems of powder divergence and irregular arrangement are solved, and the service life of the powder is prolonged. The precision of powder conveyed to a molten pool position is improved, and the part forming quality is guaranteed; in addition, the coupling precision between the powder beam and the laser beam can be better guaranteed, and the forming precision and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and in particular to a high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of advanced manufacturing technologies such as laser cladding and 3D printing, a search revealed that patents CN107627002A for a laser cladding device, CN107217257A for a laser cladding device, and CN106583726A for a laser multi-beam cladding device all only disclose the positional correspondence between the powder beam and the light spot, and their powder beams all rely on gas driven delivery within the powder feeder. However, this gas-driven powder delivery method disclosed in the patents has obvious drawbacks: Since the powder feeder conveys a mixture of powder and gas, the gas will affect the uniformity of powder delivery. Therefore, when the powder is pushed out of the nozzle by the gas, the powder will be in an irregular divergent state (such as Figure 12 As shown in the figure, it is difficult to be completely wrapped by the laser beam, which makes it difficult to prepare high-precision cladding layers and formed parts, and the contour accuracy of the cladding layers or formed parts cannot be guaranteed; at the same time, the powder that diverges and overflows to the outside of the molten pool cannot be melted by the laser, which easily leads to low utilization rate of powder materials; and some unmelted powder will also adhere to the surface of the cladding layer, increasing the surface roughness of the cladding layer, seriously affecting the performance and quality of the cladding layer or formed parts; in addition, it is difficult to accurately couple the powder beam and the light beam coaxially, which seriously affects the final forming accuracy and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device includes a powder feeding mechanism, a gas tank and a nozzle mechanism. The nozzle mechanism is connected to the powder feeding pipe bracket of the laser cladding nozzle assembly. The outer wall of the nozzle mechanism is fixedly connected to a single cavity. The gas tank is communicated with the powder feeding mechanism and the single cavity respectively through an air pipe, and the powder feeding mechanism is used to transport powder to the nozzle mechanism by cooperating with the gas in the gas tank. The nozzle mechanism includes a powder gas filtration area and a screw drive area. The powder gas filtration area is arranged in the bucket-shaped outer shell of the nozzle mechanism and is used to discharge the gas in the transported powder. The screw drive area is arranged in the bucket-shaped outer shell and is used to uniformly transport the powder. The single cavity is wrapped around the outside of the nozzle opening of the nozzle mechanism and is coaxially arranged with the nozzle opening.

[0005] Preferably, the top end of the bucket-shaped shell is connected to the powder feeding pipe bracket of the laser cladding nozzle assembly, and the powder gas filtration area includes a funnel connected to the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped section of the bucket-shaped shell, a filter cotton layer arranged in the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped shell and located above the funnel, and a grid hole opened on the surface of the bucket-shaped shell and located above the funnel.

[0006] Preferably, the screw drive area includes a first motor arranged in the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped section of the bucket-shaped shell and a screw connected to the output end of the first motor. The screw is arranged in the guide section of the bucket-shaped shell, and a nozzle opening is connected to the bottom of the guide section of the bucket-shaped shell.

[0007] Preferably, the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped outer shell is provided with a conical cover, and the conical cover is provided below the funnel drop opening and is also provided to cover the outer side of the first motor.

[0008] Preferably, the powder feeding mechanism includes a box body installed on the connecting plate, a powder storage tank connected to the box body, a powder receiving hopper installed in the inner cavity of the box body, and a powder feeding pipe connected to the bottom end of the powder receiving hopper. The end of the powder feeding pipe away from the powder receiving hopper is connected to the nozzle mechanism, and the powder in the powder storage tank is transported to the nozzle mechanism through the cooperation of the powder receiving hopper and the powder feeding pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the powder feeding mechanism also includes a second motor installed in the inner cavity of the box, a turntable connected to the output end of the second motor, a scraper provided in the inner cavity of the box and located at the top surface of the turntable, and a powder collecting hopper installed in the inner cavity of the box, the turntable is used to carry powder and is driven by the second motor, the scraper is used to scrape the powder accumulated on the turntable into the powder collecting hopper, and the powder collecting hopper is used to guide the powder into the powder receiving hopper.

[0010] Preferably, the nozzle mechanism further comprises a sensor mounted on the bucket-shaped housing, the sensor being used to identify the depth of the powder, and the sensor, the first motor and the second motor are all controlled by an external controller.

[0011] Preferably, the single cavity is wrapped around the outside of the nozzle opening of the nozzle mechanism and is coaxially arranged with the nozzle opening. The outer wall of the single cavity is provided with a plurality of gas delivery ports communicating with the inner cavity of the single cavity. The plurality of gas delivery ports are respectively connected to the gas delivery pipes, and the inner cavity of the single cavity is used to transport the gas in the gas tank to the nozzle opening through the plurality of gas delivery ports to provide anti-oxidation protection for the powder sprayed from the nozzle opening.

[0012] Preferably, the laser cladding nozzle assembly includes an upper cover installed on the connecting plate, a support frame connected to the bottom of the upper cover, a powder feeding pipe bracket connected to the support frame, and a collimator mechanism installed on the top of the upper cover. A spectrometer mechanism and multiple reflective focusing mirror mechanisms are installed on the top of the support frame, and the multiple reflective focusing mirror mechanisms are distributed in an equidistant array with the spectrometer mechanism as the center.

[0013] Preferably, the support frame is provided with a plurality of reflecting light path holes corresponding one to one with the reflecting and focusing mirror mechanisms. The laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism passes through the spectrometer mechanism and the reflecting and focusing mirror mechanism and is projected from the reflecting light path holes to wrap the nozzle mechanism and the single oral body, and the laser beam generated by the collimator mechanism is coaxially arranged with the nozzle mechanism and the single oral body.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: In the present invention, the synergistic effect of the powder-gas filtration and discharge structure in the nozzle mechanism and the screw drive allows the gas to be discharged to the outside when pushing the powder to the nozzle, while the powder can be evenly and orderly transported under the driving force of the screw, effectively converging the powder together, reducing the problems of powder dispersion and irregular arrangement, improving the accuracy of powder delivery to the molten pool position, and ensuring the quality of part formation. In addition, the present invention, with its unique structural design, can effectively avoid the problem of unstable powder delivery rate caused by unstable gas, which in turn affects the size and accuracy of the cladding layer, ensuring that the present invention better guarantees the coupling accuracy between the powder beam and the laser beam, and improves the forming accuracy and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the nozzle mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bucket-shaped shell of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the powder feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the upward plane structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the relationship between the laser beam generated by the collimator mechanism of the present invention and the position of the powder.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the powder flow direction and gas flow direction in the inner cavity when the bucket-shaped shell of the present invention is flat.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the powder flow direction and gas flow direction in the inner cavity when the bucket-shaped shell of the present invention is three-dimensional.

[0025] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the spraying state of powder after being treated by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the powder being in a divergent state after being sprayed out under the existing technology.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Connecting plate; 2. Laser cladding nozzle assembly; 21. Upper cover; 22. Support frame; 23. Powder feeding tube bracket; 24. Collimator mechanism; 25. Spectrometer mechanism; 26. Reflective focusing lens mechanism; 27. Reflective light path through hole; 3. Powder feeding mechanism; 31. Box; 32. Powder storage tank; 33. Powder receiving hopper; 34. Powder feeding pipe; 35. Second motor; 36. Rotary disk; 37. Scraper; 38. Powder collecting hopper; 4. Gas tank; 5. Nozzle mechanism; 51. Bucket-shaped housing; 52. Funnel; 53. First motor; 54. Screw; 55. Filter layer; 56. Grid holes; 57. Conical cover; 58. Nozzle opening; 59. Sensor; 6. Single cavity; 7. Gas pipe; 8. Gas outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features therein can be combined with each other.

[0029] In the present invention, the term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless otherwise expressly defined. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items. Terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "assembled to," "mounted to," "fixed to," or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0031] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] like Figures 1-11 As shown, the present invention provides a high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device, including a connecting plate 1, on which a laser cladding nozzle assembly 2, a powder feeding mechanism 3 and a gas tank 4 are fixedly mounted. The gas tank 4 is used to store inert gas and transport the gas to the box 31 of the powder feeding mechanism 3 through gas pressure. A nozzle mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the powder feeding pipe bracket 23 of the laser cladding nozzle assembly 2, and a single cavity 6 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the nozzle mechanism 5. The gas tank 4 is connected to the powder feeding mechanism 3 and the single cavity 6 respectively through a gas pipe 7, and the powder feeding mechanism 3 is connected to the single cavity 6 by matching gas. The gas in the tank 4 is used to transport the powder to the nozzle mechanism 5, and the nozzle mechanism 5 includes a powder gas filtration area and a screw drive area. The powder gas filtration area is arranged in the bucket-shaped shell 51 of the nozzle mechanism 5 and is used to discharge the gas in the transported powder. The screw drive area is arranged in the bucket-shaped shell 51 and is used to transport the powder evenly. The single cavity 6 is wrapped around the outside of the nozzle port 58 of the nozzle mechanism 5 and is coaxially arranged with the nozzle port 58. The inner cavity of the single cavity 6 is used to transport the gas in the gas tank 4 to the nozzle port 58 to provide anti-oxidation protection for the powder sprayed from the nozzle port 58.

[0033] Combine Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, as a further example, the laser cladding nozzle assembly 2 includes an upper cover 21 installed on the connecting plate 1, a support frame 22 connected to the bottom of the upper cover 21, a powder feeding pipe bracket 23 connected to the support frame 22, and a collimator mechanism 24 installed on the top of the upper cover 21. A spectrometer mechanism 25 and a plurality of reflective focusing mirror mechanisms 26 are installed on the top of the support frame 22. The plurality of reflective focusing mirror mechanisms 26 are distributed in an equidistant array with the spectrometer mechanism 25 as the center. A plurality of reflective light path through holes 27 corresponding to the reflective focusing mirror mechanisms 26 are opened on the support frame 22. The laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism 24 passes through the spectrometer mechanism 25 and the reflective focusing mirror mechanism 26 and is projected from the reflective light path through hole 27 to achieve the wrapping of the nozzle mechanism 5 and the single cavity 6, and the laser beam generated by the collimator mechanism 24 is coaxially arranged with the nozzle mechanism 5 and the single cavity 6.

[0034] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, as a specific example, when the laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism 24 is projected onto the beam splitter of the beam splitter mechanism 25 via the path, the beam splitter can split the laser beam into multiple beams to be projected onto the corresponding reflective focusing mirror of the reflective focusing mirror mechanism 26, and then the laser beam reflected by the reflecting focusing mirror (i.e. Figure 8 The powder (indicated by the arrow in the middle, i.e., arrow C) is projected onto the substrate below the nozzle mechanism 5 through the reflected light path through-hole 27. It should be noted that in this embodiment, three focused laser beams are used as an illustration. Furthermore, the focused beams generated by the laser cladding nozzle assembly 2 are coaxial with the nozzle mechanism 5 to achieve envelopment of the nozzle mechanism 5 and the powder beam, effectively ensuring that the powder flow passing through the nozzle mechanism 5 is fully and evenly encapsulated by the laser beam, thereby improving powder utilization and forming accuracy.

[0035] It is worth noting that the multi-beam technology formed by the laser cladding nozzle assembly 2 described above is a well-known public technology. For more details, please refer to the public patents cited in the background technology, and this article will not elaborate on this in more detail.

[0036] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, as a further example, the nozzle mechanism 5 includes a bucket-shaped shell 51 connected to the laser cladding nozzle assembly 2, a funnel 52 connected to the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped shell 51, a first motor 53 arranged in the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped shell 51, a screw 54 connected to the output end of the first motor 53, and a nozzle mouth 58 connected to the bottom of the guide section of the bucket-shaped shell 51. The funnel 52 and the first motor 53 are respectively arranged in the bucket-shaped sections of the bucket-shaped shell 51, the funnel 52 is arranged above the first motor 53, and the screw 54 is arranged in the guide section of the bucket-shaped shell 51.

[0037] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 9 As shown, as a further step, the powder gas filtration area includes a funnel 52 connected to the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped section of the bucket-shaped shell 51, a filter cotton layer 55 arranged in the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped shell 51 and located above the funnel 52, and a grid hole 56 opened on the surface of the bucket-shaped shell 51 and located above the funnel 52.

[0038] Furthermore, the screw drive area includes a first motor 53 arranged in the inner cavity of the bucket section of the bucket-shaped shell 51 and a screw 54 connected to the output end of the first motor 53. The screw 54 is arranged in the guide section of the bucket-shaped shell 51, and a nozzle opening 58 is connected to the bottom of the guide section of the bucket-shaped shell 51.

[0039] according to Figure 9 As shown, it should be noted that the portion circled by the upper dotted line is the first gas reduction process of the nozzle mechanism 5, i.e., the first layer, while the portion circled by the lower dotted line is the second gas reduction process of the nozzle mechanism 5, i.e., the second layer. When the powder enters the first layer of the nozzle mechanism 5 via the powder feeding pipe 34, it is in a state of a mixture of powder and gas. Therefore, with the help of the special structure of the first gas reduction process (the outer side of the bucket-shaped shell 51 is provided with fine mesh holes 56, and the inner side is provided with a dense filter cotton layer 55), the special structure of the first gas reduction process allows gas to pass through while intercepting powder (the specific gas flow direction is shown in FIG. 1 ). Figure 9 The red arrow at the first layer (arrow B), and because of the pressure difference between the upper and lower layers, the powder can be squeezed out along the funnel 52 and enter the second layer (see the specific powder flow direction Figure 9 The green arrow in the middle is arrow A).

[0040] When the powder enters the second layer of the nozzle mechanism 5, the gas contained in the powder is greatly reduced after the first gas reduction process. Then, when the powder falls naturally along the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped shell 51 under the action of gravity (the specific powder flow direction is shown in FIG. Figure 9 The first motor 53 drives the screw 54 to rotate at high speed, so that the powder can be transported evenly and orderly under the drive of the screw 54, and the residual gas is effectively reduced. After two gas reduction processes, the present invention can effectively solve the problem of uneven powder encountered in processing, reduce the problems of powder divergence and irregular arrangement, improve the accuracy of powder transportation to the molten pool position, and at the same time improve the forming quality.

[0041] Combine Figure 3As shown, as a further feature, the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped housing 51 is provided with a conical cover 57, which is located below the drop opening of the funnel 52 and also covers the outer side of the first motor 53. Specifically, the design of the conical cover 57 allows the conical cover 57, through its unique conical surface structure, to effectively change the trajectory of the powder falling from the funnel 52, thereby making it difficult for the powder to stay on the surface of the first motor 53, thereby preventing the powder from accumulating on the first motor 53.

[0042] It is worth noting that when designing the conical cover 57, it can be fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the bucket-shaped outer shell 51 through a plurality of spaced connecting rods, thereby facilitating the fixed installation of the first motor 53 on the conical cover 57 and ensuring the stability of the first motor 53 during operation.

[0043] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, as a further feature, the powder feeding mechanism 3 is connected to the connecting plate 1 and is located on one side of the collimator mechanism 24. The powder feeding mechanism 3 includes a box body 31 mounted on the connecting plate 1, a powder storage tank 32 connected to the box body 31, a powder receiving hopper 33 mounted in the inner cavity of the box body 31, and a powder feeding pipe 34 connected to the bottom end of the powder receiving hopper 33. The end of the powder feeding pipe 34 away from the powder receiving hopper 33 is connected to the nozzle mechanism 5, and the powder in the powder storage tank 32 is transported by the cooperation of the powder receiving hopper 33 and the powder feeding pipe 34. to the nozzle mechanism 5; the powder feeding mechanism 3 also includes a second motor 35 installed in the inner cavity of the box body 31, a turntable 36 connected to the output end of the second motor 35, a scraper 37 provided in the inner cavity of the box body 31 and at the same time located on the top surface of the turntable 36, and a powder collecting hopper 38 installed in the inner cavity of the box body 31, the turntable 36 is used to carry powder and is driven by the second motor 35, the scraper 37 is used to scrape the powder accumulated on the turntable 36 into the powder collecting hopper 38, and the powder collecting hopper 38 is used to guide the powder to the powder receiving hopper 33.

[0044] Specifically, the present invention directly connects the powder feeding mechanism 3 and the multi-beam laser cladding nozzle assembly 2 to form an integral structure, and at the same time, delivers the powder to the interior of the nozzle through a flexible powder feeding tube 34, effectively solving the problem of the existing powder feeder and nozzle being completely separated. As an illustration, in the powder feeding mechanism 3, the powder storage tank 32 is used to store powder; the turntable 36 is used to carry powder and rotate following the drive of the second motor 35; the scraper 37 is used to scrape the powder accumulated on the turntable 36 into the powder receiving hopper 38; the powder receiving hopper 33 is used to receive the powder delivered by the powder receiving hopper 38 and simultaneously deliver the powder to the powder feeding tube 34.

[0045] Combine Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, nozzle mechanism 5 further includes a sensor 59 mounted on bucket housing 51. Sensor 59 is used to identify the depth of the powder. Sensor 59, first motor 53, and second motor 35 are all controlled by an external controller. It is worth noting that this invention is intended to protect the physical architecture of a high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device, and does not seek to protect the system or algorithm processing.

[0046] in, Figure 6 The blue arrows indicate that the first motor 53, the sensor 59, and the second motor 35 can all be controlled by the circuit and have a certain relationship, which is as follows: 1. When the sensor 59 recognizes that the powder depth is less than two-thirds, the speed of the second motor 35 in the powder feeding mechanism 3 is increased.

[0047] 2. When the sensor 59 recognizes that the powder depth exceeds two-thirds, the speed of the first motor 53 in the nozzle mechanism 5 is increased, and the conveying speed of the screw 54 is increased.

[0048] 3. When the speed of the first motor 53 is increased, the speed of the second motor 35 is also increased synchronously to obtain a speed that can match each other.

[0049] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, as a further feature, the outer wall of the single cavity body 6 is provided with a plurality of gas delivery ports 8 communicating with the inner cavity of the single cavity body 6, and the plurality of gas delivery ports 8 are respectively connected to the gas delivery pipe 7, and the inner cavity of the single cavity body 6 is used to deliver the gas in the gas tank 4 to the nozzle port 58 through the plurality of gas delivery ports 8 to provide anti-oxidation protection for the powder sprayed from the nozzle port 58.

[0050] Specifically, the gas delivery port 8 is used to guide the inert gas in the gas tank 4 to the inner cavity of the single cavity body 6, so that the inert gas can converge at the nozzle port 58, thereby protecting the powder sprayed from the nozzle port 58 from oxidation.

[0051] As a more detailed example, a sealed cavity (i.e., a single cavity 6) is installed on the outside of the bucket-shaped shell 51 and wrapped around the outside of the nozzle opening 58. The gas in the gas tank 4 is then transported to the sealed cavity through the connection between the gas delivery port 8 and the gas delivery pipe 7. Furthermore, the inert gas can effectively form a gas protective layer on the surface of the part being machined, thereby effectively isolating it from oxygen and achieving reliable anti-oxidation protection. It should be noted that Figure 9 and Figure 10 The red arrows represent the direction of gas flow, and the green arrows represent the direction of powder flow.

[0052] Combine Figure 7As shown, the nozzle opening 58 is used to spray out a powder beam, and the reflective light path through hole 27 is used to project a laser beam, and the laser beam projected by the reflective light path through hole 27 is in a coaxial position relationship with the powder beam sprayed out of the nozzle opening 58. Therefore, this design ensures the advantages of powder utilization, scanning directionality and performance consistency.

[0053] The working principle and use process of the present invention are as follows: when in use, powder particles can fall onto the turntable 36 through the discharge pipe at the bottom of the powder storage tank 32. During this period, the rotation of the turntable 36 is driven by the operation of the second motor 35. Then, when the powder accumulates to a certain height on the turntable 36, the excess powder will be scraped by the scraper 37 and sent to the powder collecting hopper 38, and at the same time, the powder will be introduced into the powder receiving hopper 33. Then, the powder and the gas transported in the gas tank 4 can be transported together to the nozzle mechanism 5; then, when the powder and gas enter the nozzle mechanism 5, the dense filter cotton layer 55 and the fine particles in the first gas reduction process are removed. The structural design of the grid holes 56 allows the gas to be discharged through the grid holes 56. During this period, the powder can be squeezed out along the funnel 52 by means of the pressure difference generated above and below the bucket-shaped shell 51, and enter the second gas reduction process. After the powder enters the second gas reduction process, the first motor 53 drives the screw 54 to rotate at high speed, so that the powder can be transported evenly and orderly under the drive of the screw 54, and the residual gas is effectively reduced. Finally, when the powder is ejected through the nozzle opening 58, the gas in the single cavity 6 can be used to protect the ejected powder from oxidation. At this point, the present invention can effectively gather the powder together, reduce the dispersion and irregular arrangement of the powder, improve the accuracy of the powder delivery to the molten pool position, and improve the forming quality. In addition, the present invention, with its unique structural design, can also effectively avoid the problem of unstable powder delivery rate due to unstable gas, which in turn affects the size and accuracy of the cladding layer, ensuring that the present invention better guarantees the coupling accuracy between the powder beam and the laser beam, and improves the forming accuracy and quality.

[0054] Combine Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the advantage of the present invention lies in the synergistic effect of the powder-gas filtration and discharge structure and the drive of screw 54, which allows the gas to be discharged to the outside while driving the powder to the nozzle, effectively reducing the gas content in the powder-gas mixture. Subsequently, the powder falls into the drive area of ​​screw 54 through funnel 52 and is transported by the driving force of screw 54. This reduces the problem of powder dispersion and the inability to converge, thus avoiding the irregular distribution of the molten pool, which directly causes the uneven surface of the cladding layer and the reduction of the precision and quality of the formed part.

[0055] Throughout this specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," and "specific embodiments" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0056] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a powder feeding mechanism (3), a gas tank (4) and a nozzle mechanism (5), wherein the nozzle mechanism (5) is connected to a powder feeding pipe bracket (23) of a laser cladding nozzle assembly (2), and the outer wall of the nozzle mechanism (5) is fixedly connected with a single cavity (6), and the gas tank (4) is communicated with the powder feeding mechanism (3) and the single cavity (6) respectively through a gas pipe (7), and the powder feeding mechanism (3) is used to transport powder to the nozzle mechanism (5) by cooperating with the gas in the gas tank (4), and the nozzle mechanism (5) includes a powder gas filtering area and a screw driving area, the powder gas filtering area is arranged in a bucket-shaped shell (51) of the nozzle mechanism (5) and is used to discharge gas in the transported powder, and the screw driving area is arranged in the bucket-shaped shell (51) and is used to uniformly transport the powder.

2. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the bucket-shaped shell (51) is connected to the powder feeding pipe bracket (23) of the laser cladding nozzle assembly (2), and the powder gas filtering area includes a funnel (52) connected to the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped section of the bucket-shaped shell (51), a filter cotton layer (55) provided in the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped shell (51) and located above the funnel (52), and a grid hole (56) opened on the surface of the bucket-shaped shell (51) and located above the funnel (52).

3. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screw drive area comprises a first motor (53) arranged in the inner cavity of the bucket section of the bucket shell (51) and a screw (54) connected to the output end of the first motor (53); the screw (54) is arranged in the guide section of the bucket shell (51), and a nozzle (58) is connected to the bottom of the guide section of the bucket shell (51).

4. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the bucket-shaped outer shell (51) is provided with a conical cover (57), and the conical cover (57) is provided below the drop opening of the funnel (52) and is also provided to cover the outside of the first motor (53).

5. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder feeding mechanism (3) comprises a box body (31) mounted on the connecting plate (1), a powder storage tank (32) connected to the box body (31), a powder receiving hopper (33) mounted in the inner cavity of the box body (31), and a powder feeding pipe (34) connected to the bottom end of the powder receiving hopper (33). The end of the powder feeding pipe (34) away from the powder receiving hopper (33) is connected to the nozzle mechanism (5), and the powder in the powder storage tank (32) is transported to the nozzle mechanism (5) through the cooperation of the powder receiving hopper (33) and the powder feeding pipe (34).

6. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The powder feeding mechanism (3) further comprises a second motor (35) installed in the inner cavity of the box (31), a turntable (36) connected to the output end of the second motor (35), a scraper (37) provided in the inner cavity of the box (31) and located at the top surface of the turntable (36), and a powder collecting hopper (38) installed in the inner cavity of the box (31), wherein the turntable (36) is used to carry powder and is driven by the second motor (35), the scraper (37) is used to scrape the powder accumulated on the turntable (36) into the powder collecting hopper (38), and the powder collecting hopper (38) is used to guide the powder into the powder receiving hopper (33).

7. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nozzle mechanism (5) further includes a sensor (59) mounted on the bucket-shaped housing (51), wherein the sensor (59) is used to identify the depth of the powder, and the sensor (59), the first motor (53) and the second motor (35) are all controlled by an external controller.

8. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single cavity (6) is wrapped around the outside of the nozzle opening (58) of the nozzle mechanism (5) and is coaxially arranged with the nozzle opening (58). The outer wall of the single cavity (6) is provided with a plurality of gas delivery ports (8) communicating with the inner cavity of the single cavity (6). The plurality of gas delivery ports (8) are respectively connected to the gas delivery pipe (7), and the inner cavity of the single cavity (6) is used to deliver the gas in the gas tank (4) to the nozzle opening (58) through the plurality of gas delivery ports (8) to provide anti-oxidation protection for the powder sprayed from the nozzle opening (58).

9. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cladding nozzle assembly (2) comprises an upper cover (21) mounted on a connecting plate (1), a support frame (22) connected to the bottom of the upper cover (21), a powder feeding pipe bracket (23) connected to the support frame (22), and a collimator mechanism (24) mounted on the top of the upper cover (21), wherein a spectrometer mechanism (25) and a plurality of reflective focusing mirror mechanisms (26) are mounted on the top of the support frame (22), and the plurality of reflective focusing mirror mechanisms (26) are distributed in an equidistant array with the spectrometer mechanism (25) as the center.

10. The high-precision light-powder coupled laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The support frame (22) is provided with a plurality of reflecting light path through holes (27) corresponding one to one with the reflecting focusing mirror mechanism (26). The laser beam emitted from the collimator mechanism (24) passes through the spectroscope mechanism (25) and the reflecting focusing mirror mechanism (26) and is projected from the reflecting light path through holes (27) to achieve wrapping of the nozzle mechanism (5) and the single cavity body (6), and the laser beam generated by the collimator mechanism (24) is coaxially arranged with the nozzle mechanism (5) and the single cavity body (6).

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