A high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material and its preparation method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of stainless steel materials, and particularly discloses a high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel material and a preparation method thereof. First, 304 stainless steel is used as a main raw material, and various materials such as electrolytic nickel plates are added to smelt high-nickel stainless steel. Then, homogenization treatment, hot rolling treatment and solid solution treatment are carried out to further improve the performance of the high-nickel stainless steel, and a high-nickel stainless steel base body is obtained. Then, a gradient transition layer and a high-hardness alloy layer are laser cladded on the high-nickel stainless steel base body. Finally, laser shock peening is carried out to obtain the high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel material, so that the problem that the hardness of high-nickel steel is insufficient and the high-nickel steel cannot bear high mechanical load and wear-resistant scenes is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of stainless steel materials technology, specifically to a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Nickel is a key element in stainless steel alloys. Nickel not only promotes the enrichment of chromium in the passivation film to enhance its stability, but also inhibits pitting corrosion and reduces the susceptibility of stainless steel to stress corrosion cracking. The two mechanisms work together to enhance the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Nickel expands the γ phase region in the crystal phase and promotes the formation of a fully austenitic structure, which gives stainless steel good low-temperature toughness, non-magnetism, and good weldability. Based on these outstanding properties, high-nickel stainless steel is widely used in harsh or functional applications such as ship bottom plates, submarine valves, chemical reactor liners, battery electrodes, and battery electrolytic cells.

[0003] Despite the outstanding corrosion resistance of high-nickel stainless steel, several drawbacks limit its application in various fields. Specifically: the small atomic size of nickel results in weak solid solution strengthening; as nickel content increases, the austenite stacking fault energy rises, hindering deformation-induced martensitic transformation (TRIP effect), and the martensitic transformation is suppressed, making traditional quenching hardening methods ineffective for high-nickel stainless steel; these factors combined lead to generally low hardness and yield strength in the solid solution state, and even with processing methods such as cold rolling to improve mechanical properties, the improvement is relatively limited, making it unable to withstand high mechanical loads and wear-resistant environments. Therefore, developing a stainless steel material with both high hardness and high nickel content is of great significance for overcoming the performance bottlenecks of high-nickel stainless steel, expanding its application range, and promoting its development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material and its preparation method, thereby solving the problem that high-nickel steel is not hard enough and cannot withstand high mechanical loads and wear-resistant scenarios.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for preparing a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material, specifically comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Weigh the high-nickel stainless steel raw material, melt it and cast it into stainless steel ingots;

[0008] Step 2: Under argon protection, high-nickel stainless steel ingots are homogenized, hot-rolled, and solution-treated to obtain a high-nickel stainless steel matrix.

[0009] Step 3: Laser cladding is performed on the surface of a high-nickel stainless steel substrate to sequentially form a gradient transition alloy layer and a high-hardness alloy layer, thereby obtaining high-hardness stainless steel;

[0010] Step 4: High-hardness stainless steel is treated with laser shock peening to obtain high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material.

[0011] As a limitation of the present invention, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot, by mass fraction, comprises: Cr: 18-18.5%, Ni: 15.3-15.7%, Cu: 2.8-3.2%, W: 1.8-2.2%, Mn: 1.0-1.5%, Al: 0.6-0.65%, Si: 0.56-0.60%, Nb: 0.3-0.7%, C: ≤0.03%, P: ≤0.01%, S: ≤0.01%, with the balance being iron.

[0012] As a limitation of the present invention, the method for preparing the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is as follows:

[0013] 304 stainless steel, ferrotungsten, ferroniobium, ferrochrome, copper ingots, electrolytic nickel plates, and aluminum ingots are added sequentially to the crucible of the vacuum induction furnace, and the vacuum is evacuated to 3×10⁻⁶. -2 -5×10 -2 The temperature is increased to 1500-1550℃ at a rate of 15-20℃ / min, and held for 15-20min to melt the alloy, resulting in a liquid alloy. An 8-10Hz electromagnetic stirrer is then activated and stirred for 15-20min to eliminate segregation. Aluminum wire and silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium alloy are added, and the mixture is then stirred at 6-8Hz for 3-5min for deoxidation. After deoxidation, electrolytic manganese and added electrolytic nickel plates are pressed into the liquid alloy, while the nickel content is monitored in real time. After stirring at 8-10Hz for 8-10min, argon gas at 0.3-0.5MPa is introduced for protective casting, controlling the casting temperature at 1450-1500℃ and the casting speed at 1.0-1.5kg / s. After casting, the mixture is cooled and demolded to obtain a high-nickel stainless steel ingot.

[0014] Aluminum wire and silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium are used as deoxidizers during smelting, and their mass ratio with the alloy liquid is (0.05-0.10):(0.10-0.15):(100-150).

[0015] In the smelting process of high-nickel stainless steel, elements such as tungsten, niobium, copper, and aluminum are introduced to synergistically improve the performance of stainless steel. Tungsten forms nano-tungsten carbide (WC / W2C) phase in stainless steel, which inhibits grain growth through the pinning effect and improves the high-temperature stability of stainless steel; tungsten atoms are dissolved in the austenite matrix, causing lattice distortion and increasing the resistance to dislocation movement, thus improving the yield strength of stainless steel; niobium preferentially forms nano-NbC in stainless steel, pinning grain boundaries to inhibit grain growth and refining grain size; niobium fixes free carbon in stainless steel, preventing Cr from accumulating. 23C6 precipitation enhances the sensitization resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance of stainless steel; copper precipitates a coherent ε-Cu phase in stainless steel during aging, generating a coherent strain field, precipitation strengthening, and increasing the hardness of stainless steel; aluminum forms Ni3Al intermetallic compounds, enhancing the high-temperature strength of stainless steel; aluminum nitride (AlN) particles are generated, hindering recrystallization grain boundary migration and refining grains; simultaneously, aluminum assists in deoxidation during stainless steel smelting, reducing oxygen content; manganese forms manganese nitride (Mn3N2) phase, fixing free nitrogen, inhibiting nitrogen precipitation, and reducing the porosity of high-nickel stainless steel ingots; manganese is an austenite stabilizing element, and its addition can expand the austenite phase region, reducing the risk of hot rolling cracking.

[0016] As a limitation of this invention, the process parameters for homogenization treatment include: heating rate: 10-15℃ / min, homogenization treatment temperature: 1150-1200℃, and holding time: 6-8h; the process parameters for hot rolling treatment include: roughing temperature: 1000-1050℃, number of roughing passes: 3-4, total reduction rate of roughing: 45-60%, finishing temperature: 900-950℃, number of finishing passes: 5-6, and total reduction rate of finishing: 40-50%; the process parameters for solution treatment include: solution treatment temperature: 1100-1120℃, and holding time: 30-45min.

[0017] In stainless steel ingots, W / Nb / Cu elements are enriched between dendrites. Homogenization treatment eliminates dendrite segregation, thus homogenizing the cost distribution. Simultaneously, homogenization treatment eliminates excessive NbC and σ-FeCr phases, preventing cracking during hot rolling. Hot rolling increases dislocation density, refines recrystallized grain size, and improves the yield strength of stainless steel. Solution treatment removes Cr precipitated during hot rolling. 23 The C6 and ε-Cu phases redissolve, optimizing the recrystallization structure and improving the corrosion resistance of stainless steel.

[0018] As a limitation of the present invention, the gradient transition layer includes a bottom transition layer, an intermediate transition layer, and an outer transition layer; when forming the gradient transition layer by laser cladding, the cladding alloy powder used is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder; when forming the bottom transition layer by laser cladding, the mass ratio of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder is (5.5-6.5):(2.5-3.5):(0.5-1.5); the laser cladding parameters include: laser power density: 350-380W / mm². 2 The light spot diameter is 1-3mm, the overlap rate is 45-55%, the scanning speed is 11-13mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 23-27g / min, and the thickness of the bottom layer of the transition layer is 0.10-0.15mm.

[0019] As a limitation of the present invention, when the laser cladding forms the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder is (5-6):(2-3):(2-3); the laser cladding parameters include: laser power density: 380-420W / mm². 2 The light spot diameter is 1-3mm, the overlap rate is 45-55%, the scanning speed is 10-12mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 20-23g / min, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of the transition layer is 0.05-0.10mm.

[0020] As a limitation of this invention, when laser cladding forms the transition layer surface, the mass ratio of the cladding alloy powder (nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder) is (4.5-5.5):(0.5-1.5):(3-4); the laser cladding parameters include: laser power density: 440-460 W / mm². 2 The light spot diameter is 1-3mm, the overlap rate is 45-55%, the scanning speed is 9-11mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 16-20g / min, and the thickness of the transition layer surface is 0.03-0.05mm.

[0021] In the gradient transition layer, the bottom layer consists of nickel 60 alloy and 316L stainless steel, the middle layer consists of nickel 60 alloy and tungsten carbide, and the top layer consists of nickel 60 alloy and tungsten carbide. The 316L stainless steel in the bottom layer interdiffused with the stainless steel substrate to form a Fe2Ni3Si transition phase, enhancing the adhesion strength of the coating. The tungsten carbide in the middle layer absorbed free carbon, preventing Cr... 23 C6 phase precipitation; high nickel 60 alloy content on the surface layer, matching the nickel 60 alloy binder phase of the high-hardness alloy layer; unmelted tungsten carbide particles on the surface layer can serve as nucleation cores, refining the grains of the high-hardness alloy layer; synergistic effect between gradient transition layers, achieving a smooth transition between the thermal expansion coefficient of the stainless steel matrix and the thermal expansion coefficient of the high-hardness alloy layer.

[0022] As a limitation of this invention, when forming the high-hardness alloy layer, the high-hardness alloy powder used is a mixture of 10cobalt 4chromium tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina composite powder, with a mass ratio of (70-75):(15-25):(5-10); the process parameters for forming the high-hardness alloy layer include: laser power density: 500-510W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 1-3mm, the overlap rate is 45-55%, the scanning speed is 8-10mm / s, and the powder feeding speed is 25-30g / min; the thickness of the high-hardness alloy layer formed is 0.4-0.5mm.

[0023] The high-hardness alloy layer is composed of 10cobalt-4chromium tungsten carbide (WC-10Co4Cr), nickel 60 alloy, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina. 10cobalt-4chromium tungsten carbide (WC-10Co4Cr) serves as the hard skeleton of the high-hardness alloy layer, improving the hardness of stainless steel. Nickel 60 alloy serves as the binder phase of the high-hardness alloy layer. Boron and silicon in the alloy form a eutectic crystal with Ni (Ni-B-Si), repairing microcracks generated during laser shock and improving the wear resistance of stainless steel. Nano-titanium carbide-alumina serves as the reinforcing phase. Titanium carbide (TiC) is dispersed in the tungsten carbide (WC) hard skeleton, increasing the resistance to dislocation movement and synergistically improving the hardness of stainless steel with the tungsten carbide (WC) hard skeleton. Alumina blocks corrosive media and synergistically improves the corrosion resistance of stainless steel with the chromium passivation film.

[0024] As a limitation of the present invention, the process parameters for laser shock peening treatment include: laser wavelength: 1064nm, pulse width: 15-20ns, laser spot diameter: 2-4mm, laser pulse frequency: 3-5Hz, laser energy: 7-10J, number of shocks: 3-5 times / point, and spot overlap rate: 50-70%.

[0025] High-energy lasers penetrate the confinement layer and are absorbed by the absorption layer, inducing plastic deformation of the cladding layer on the stainless steel surface. The tungsten carbide grains on the cladding layer surface are subjected to compressive stress and undergo nanoscale transformation. The nanograin boundaries hinder dislocation climb and reduce the creep rate of stainless steel. At the same time, the high-energy laser promotes the transformation of residual austenite to martensite, thereby increasing the hardness of the stainless steel material.

[0026] A high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material is prepared by any of the preparation methods described above.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] This invention adds tungsten, niobium, copper, and aluminum to 304 stainless steel and remelts it into high-nickel stainless steel. While maintaining corrosion resistance and low-temperature toughness, the high-nickel stainless steel matrix, through the synergistic effect of tungsten, niobium, copper, and aluminum in the stainless steel, improves the yield strength, hardness, high-temperature strength, and other properties of the stainless steel. Then, homogenization treatment, hot rolling treatment, and solution treatment are used to optimize the composition distribution, eliminate excessive NbC and σ-FeCr phases, refine the grains, and further improve the performance of the stainless steel, thus obtaining a high-nickel stainless steel matrix with good performance.

[0029] This invention deposits a gradient transition layer and a high-hardness alloy layer on a high-nickel stainless steel substrate and strengthens them with laser shock. The gradient transition layer connects the high-nickel stainless steel substrate and the high-hardness alloy layer, improving the bonding strength between them and hindering the growth of Cr in the high-nickel stainless steel substrate. 23The precipitation of the C6 phase smoothly transitions the thermal expansion coefficient between the stainless steel matrix and the high-hardness alloy layer, reducing the risk of thermal expansion cracking failure. The high-hardness alloy layer after laser shock strengthening significantly improves the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of stainless steel materials. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] 304 stainless steel (Cr: 18.2wt%, Ni: 8.5wt%, C: 0.05wt%, Mn: 1.5wt%, Si: 0.65wt%, P: 0.035wt%, S: 0.015wt%, balance iron), ferrotungsten (tungsten content: 70wt%), ferroniobium (niobium content: 65wt%), ferrochrome (chromium content: 60wt%), copper ingots (purity: 99.95%), electrolytic nickel plates (purity: 99.99%), aluminum ingots (purity: 99.99%), electrolytic manganese (purity: 99.99%), pure... The following are sample powders: 10 Cobalt 4 Chromium Tungsten Carbide Powder (WC-10Co4Cr, particle size: 45μm), Nickel 60 Alloy Powder (Cr: 16.0wt%, B: 3.5wt%, Silicon content: 4.5wt%, particle size: 45μm), Tungsten Carbide Powder (purity: 99%, particle size: 45μm), 316L Stainless Steel Powder (Cr: 17.0wt%, Ni: 12.5wt%, particle size: 50μm), and Nano-Titanium Carbide-Alumina Composite Powder (TiC: 60wt%, particle size: 80nm).

[0032] The preparation method of high-nickel stainless steel ingots is as follows:

[0033] 304 stainless steel, ferrotungsten, ferroniobium, ferrochrome, copper ingots, electrolytic nickel plates, and aluminum ingots are added sequentially to the crucible of the vacuum induction furnace, and the vacuum is evacuated to 5×10⁻⁶. -2 The temperature was increased to 1550℃ at a rate of 15℃ / min, and held for 15min to melt the alloy, resulting in a liquid alloy. A 10Hz electromagnetic stirrer was started and stirred for 15min to eliminate segregation. Aluminum wire and silicon aluminum barium calcium were added, and the alloy was deoxidized by electromagnetic stirring at 8Hz for 4min. After deoxidation, electrolytic manganese and the added electrolytic nickel plate were pressed into the liquid alloy, while real-time monitoring was performed to ensure that the nickel content reached 15.5wt%. After stirring at 10Hz for 8min, 0.3MPa argon gas was introduced for protective pouring, and the pouring temperature was controlled at 1500℃ and the pouring speed was 1.2kg / s. After pouring, the alloy was cooled to 200℃ with quenching oil and then demolded to obtain a high-nickel stainless steel ingot.

[0034] The high-nickel stainless steel ingot prepared by the above process contains: Cr: 18.2wt%, Ni: 15.5wt%, W: 2.0wt%, Mn: 1.2wt%, Si: 0.57wt%, Nb: 0.5wt%, C: 0.025wt%, P: 0.007wt%, S: 0.005wt%, with the balance being iron.

[0035] Example 1: A method for preparing a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material, specifically as follows:

[0036] Step 1: Under argon protection, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is heated to 1200℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min for homogenization treatment and held for 8 hours. After homogenization, it is cooled to 1050℃ and held for 90 minutes. After holding, it is hot rolled. The rough rolling temperature is set at 1000℃, the number of rough rolling passes is 4, and the total reduction rate of rough rolling is 60%. The finish rolling temperature is set at 900℃, the number of finish rolling passes is 6, and the total reduction rate of finish rolling is 50%. After hot rolling, it is cooled to room temperature by laminar water flow, and then heated to 1120℃ for solution treatment and held for 45 minutes. After solution treatment, it is water quenched and cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-nickel stainless steel matrix.

[0037] Step 2: Roughen the high-nickel stainless steel substrate by sandblasting with brown fused alumina, setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.6 MPa and the sandblasting rate to 3 min / m. 2 After sandblasting, the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone at 60℃ for 15 minutes and vacuum dried at 70℃ for 1 hour. Then, under argon protection, the dried high-nickel stainless steel substrate was placed in a laser cladding machine and preheated to 350℃. Laser cladding formed a transition layer. The cladding powder was a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5.5:3.5:1.5. The laser power density was 380 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 11mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 27g / min, and the thickness of the bottom layer of the transition layer is 0.15mm.

[0038] Step 3: Continue cladding the formed transition layer on the bottom layer to form an intermediate transition layer. The intermediate layer cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5:3:3. The laser power density is 420W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 23g / min, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of the transition layer is 0.10mm.

[0039] Step 4: Continue cladding the intermediate transition layer to form a surface transition layer. The surface cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 4.5:1.5:4. The laser power density is 460W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 9mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 20g / min, and the thickness of the transition layer surface is 0.05mm.

[0040] Step 5: Continue cladding a high-hardness alloy layer onto the surface of the transition layer. The cladding powder for the high-hardness alloy layer is a mixture of 10Co4Cr tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina composite powder in a mass ratio of 75:20:5. The laser power density is 510W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 8mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 28g / min, and the high-hardness alloy layer thickness is 0.5mm, resulting in high-hardness stainless steel.

[0041] Step 6: High-hardness stainless steel is subjected to laser shock peening treatment using a YAG laser device. The laser wavelength is set to 1064nm, the pulse width to 20ns, the laser spot diameter to 3mm, the laser pulse frequency to 5Hz, the laser energy to 10J, the number of impacts to 5 times / point, the spot overlap rate to 70%, the constraint layer to be a 1.2mm thick flowing deionized water layer, and the absorption layer to be a 0.1mm thick black polyester tape. After laser shock peening is completed, high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel material is obtained.

[0042] Example 2: A method for preparing a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material, specifically as follows:

[0043] Step 1: Under argon protection, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is heated to 1200℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min for homogenization treatment and held for 8 hours. After homogenization, it is cooled to 1050℃ and held for 90 minutes. After holding, it is hot rolled. The rough rolling temperature is set at 1000℃, the number of rough rolling passes is 4, and the total reduction rate of rough rolling is 60%. The finish rolling temperature is set at 900℃, the number of finish rolling passes is 5, and the total reduction rate of finish rolling is 40%. After hot rolling, it is cooled to room temperature by laminar water flow, and then heated to 1120℃ for solution treatment and held for 45 minutes. After solution treatment, it is water quenched and cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-nickel stainless steel matrix.

[0044] Step 2: Roughen the high-nickel stainless steel substrate by sandblasting with brown fused alumina, setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.6 MPa and the sandblasting rate to 3 min / m. 2After sandblasting, the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone at 60℃ for 15 minutes and vacuum dried at 70℃ for 1 hour. Then, under argon protection, the dried high-nickel stainless steel substrate was placed in a laser cladding machine and preheated to 350℃. Laser cladding formed a transition layer. The cladding powder was a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 6:3:1. The laser power density was 370 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 12mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 25g / min, and the thickness of the bottom layer of the transition layer is 0.13mm.

[0045] Step 3: Continue cladding the formed transition layer underlayer to form an intermediate transition layer. The intermediate layer cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5.5:2.5:2.5, with a laser power density of 400 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 11mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 21g / min, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of the transition layer is 0.08mm.

[0046] Step 4: Continue cladding the intermediate layer of the transition layer to form a surface layer. The surface cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5:1:3.5. The laser power density is 450W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 18g / min, and the thickness of the transition layer surface is 0.04mm.

[0047] Step 5: Continue cladding a high-hardness alloy layer onto the surface of the transition layer. The high-hardness alloy layer cladding powder is a mixture of 10Co4Cr tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina composite powder in a mass ratio of 70:20:10. The laser power density is 510W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 9mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 26g / min, and the high-hardness alloy layer thickness is 0.45mm, resulting in high-hardness stainless steel.

[0048] Step 6: High-hardness stainless steel is subjected to laser shock peening treatment using a YAG laser device. The laser wavelength is set to 1064nm, the pulse width to 20ns, the laser spot diameter to 3mm, the laser pulse frequency to 5Hz, the laser energy to 8J, the number of impacts to 4 times / point, the spot overlap rate to 70%, the constraint layer to be a 1.2mm thick flowing deionized water layer, and the absorption layer to be a 0.1mm thick black polyester tape. The laser shock peening is completed, and high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material is obtained.

[0049] Example 3: A method for preparing a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material, specifically as follows:

[0050] Step 1: Under argon protection, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is heated to 1200℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min for homogenization treatment and held for 8 hours. After homogenization, it is cooled to 1050℃ and held for 90 minutes. After holding, it is hot rolled. The rough rolling temperature is set at 1000℃, the number of rough rolling passes is 3, and the total reduction rate of rough rolling is 45%. The finish rolling temperature is set at 900℃, the number of finish rolling passes is 5, and the total reduction rate of finish rolling is 40%. After hot rolling, it is cooled to room temperature by laminar water flow, and then heated to 1120℃ for solution treatment and held for 45 minutes. After solution treatment, it is water quenched and cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-nickel stainless steel matrix.

[0051] Step 2: Roughen the high-nickel stainless steel substrate by sandblasting with brown fused alumina, setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.6 MPa and the sandblasting rate to 3 min / m. 2 After sandblasting, the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone at 60℃ for 15 minutes and vacuum dried at 70℃ for 1 hour. Then, under argon protection, the dried high-nickel stainless steel substrate was placed in a laser cladding machine and preheated to 350℃. Laser cladding formed a transition layer. The cladding powder was a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 6.5:2.5:0.5. The laser power density was 350 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 13mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 23g / min, and the thickness of the bottom layer of the transition layer is 0.10mm.

[0052] Step 3: Continue cladding the formed transition layer on the bottom layer to form an intermediate transition layer. The intermediate layer cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 6:2:2. The laser power density is 380W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 12mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 20g / min, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of the transition layer is 0.05mm.

[0053] Step 4: Continue cladding the intermediate layer of the transition layer to form a surface layer. The surface cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5.5:0.5:3. The laser power density is 440 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 11mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 16g / min, and the thickness of the transition layer surface is 0.03mm.

[0054] Step 5: Continue cladding a high-hardness alloy layer onto the surface of the transition layer. The cladding powder for the high-hardness alloy layer is a mixture of 10Co4Cr tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina composite powder in a mass ratio of 75:15:10. The laser power density is 500W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 25g / min, and the high-hardness alloy layer thickness is 0.4mm, thus obtaining high-hardness stainless steel.

[0055] Step 6: High-hardness stainless steel is subjected to laser shock peening treatment using a YAG laser device. The laser wavelength is set to 1064nm, the pulse width to 20ns, the laser spot diameter to 3mm, the laser pulse frequency to 4Hz, the laser energy to 7J, the number of impacts to 3 times / point, the spot overlap rate to 70%, the constraint layer to be a 1.2mm thick flowing deionized water layer, and the absorption layer to be a 0.1mm thick black polyester tape. The laser shock peening is completed, and high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material is obtained.

[0056] Based on Example 1, the following comparative experiments were conducted, specifically Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, as described below:

[0057] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example relates to a method for preparing a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material. The difference from Example 1 is that copper and aluminum ingots were not added during the smelting process. Specifically:

[0058] Step 1: Add 85kg of 304 stainless steel, 2.9kg of ferrotungsten, 0.8kg of ferroniobium, and 10kg of electrolytic nickel plate sequentially to the crucible of the vacuum induction furnace, and evacuate to a vacuum level of 5×10⁻⁶. -2 The temperature was increased to 1550℃ at a rate of 15℃ / min, and held for 15min to melt the alloy, resulting in a liquid alloy. A 10Hz electromagnetic stirrer was started and stirred for 15min to eliminate segregation. 0.05kg aluminum wire and 0.12kg silicon aluminum barium calcium were added, and the mixture was stirred at 8Hz for 4min for deoxidation. After deoxidation, 1.2kg electrolytic manganese was added, and electrolytic nickel plates were added in real time to monitor and replenish the nickel content until it reached 15.5wt%. After stirring at 10Hz for 8min, 0.3MPa argon gas was introduced for protective pouring, and the pouring temperature was controlled at 1500℃ and the pouring speed was 1.2kg / s. After pouring, the mixture was cooled to 200℃ with quenching oil and demolded to obtain a high-nickel stainless steel ingot.

[0059] Step 2: Under argon protection, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is heated to 1200℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min for homogenization treatment and held for 8 hours. After homogenization, it is cooled to 1050℃ and held for 90 minutes. After holding, it is hot rolled. The rough rolling temperature is set at 1000℃, the number of rough rolling passes is 4, and the total reduction rate of rough rolling is 60%. The finish rolling temperature is set at 900℃, the number of finish rolling passes is 6, and the total reduction rate of finish rolling is 50%. After hot rolling, it is cooled to room temperature by laminar water flow, and then heated to 1120℃ for solution treatment and held for 45 minutes. After solution treatment, it is water quenched and cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-nickel stainless steel matrix.

[0060] Step 3: Roughen the high-nickel stainless steel substrate with brown fused alumina by sandblasting. Set the sandblasting pressure to 0.6 MPa and the sandblasting rate to 3 min / m. 2 After sandblasting, the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone at 60℃ for 15 minutes and vacuum dried at 70℃ for 1 hour. Then, under argon protection, the dried high-nickel stainless steel substrate was placed in a laser cladding machine and preheated to 350℃. Laser cladding formed a transition layer. The cladding powder was a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5.5:3.5:1.5. The laser power density was 380 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 11mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 27g / min, and the thickness of the bottom layer of the transition layer is 0.15mm.

[0061] Step 4: Continue cladding the formed transition layer under the bottom layer to form an intermediate transition layer. The intermediate layer cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5:3:3. The laser power density is 420W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 23g / min, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of the transition layer is 0.10mm.

[0062] Step 5: Continue cladding the intermediate layer of the transition layer to form a surface layer. The surface cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 4.5:1.5:4. The laser power density is 460W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 9mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 20g / min, and the thickness of the transition layer surface is 0.05mm.

[0063] Step 6: Continue cladding a high-hardness alloy layer onto the surface of the transition layer. The cladding powder for the high-hardness alloy layer is a mixture of 10Co4Cr tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina composite powder in a mass ratio of 75:20:5. The laser power density is 510W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 8mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 28g / min, and the high-hardness alloy layer thickness is 0.5mm, resulting in high-hardness stainless steel.

[0064] Step 7: Use a YAG laser to perform laser shock peening treatment on high-hardness stainless steel. Set the laser wavelength to 1064nm, pulse width to 20ns, laser spot diameter to 3mm, laser pulse frequency to 5Hz, laser energy to 10J, number of impacts to 5 times / point, spot overlap rate to 70%, constraint layer to a 1.2mm thick flowing deionized water layer, and absorption layer to a 0.1mm thick black polyester tape. After laser shock peening is completed, high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material is obtained.

[0065] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example relates to a method for preparing a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material. The difference from Example 1 is that hot rolling is not performed. Specifically:

[0066] Step 1: Under argon protection, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is heated to 1200℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min for homogenization treatment and held for 8 hours. After homogenization, it is cooled to room temperature and then heated to 1120℃ for solution treatment and held for 45 minutes. After solution treatment, it is water quenched and cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-nickel stainless steel matrix.

[0067] Step 2: Roughen the high-nickel stainless steel substrate by sandblasting with brown fused alumina, setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.6 MPa and the sandblasting rate to 3 min / m. 2 After sandblasting, the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone at 60℃ for 15 minutes and vacuum dried at 70℃ for 1 hour. Then, under argon protection, the dried high-nickel stainless steel substrate was placed in a laser cladding machine and preheated to 350℃. Laser cladding formed a transition layer. The cladding powder was a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5.5:3.5:1.5. The laser power density was 380 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 11mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 27g / min, and the thickness of the bottom layer of the transition layer is 0.15mm.

[0068] Step 3: Continue cladding the formed transition layer on the bottom layer to form an intermediate transition layer. The intermediate layer cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5:3:3. The laser power density is 420W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 23g / min, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of the transition layer is 0.10mm.

[0069] Step 4: Continue cladding the intermediate transition layer to form a surface transition layer. The surface cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 4.5:1.5:4. The laser power density is 460W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 9mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 20g / min, and the thickness of the transition layer surface is 0.05mm.

[0070] Step 5: Continue cladding a high-hardness alloy layer onto the surface of the transition layer. The cladding powder for the high-hardness alloy layer is a mixture of 10Co4Cr tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina composite powder in a mass ratio of 75:20:5. The laser power density is 510W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 8mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 28g / min, and the high-hardness alloy layer thickness is 0.5mm, resulting in high-hardness stainless steel.

[0071] Step 6: High-hardness stainless steel is subjected to laser shock peening treatment using a YAG laser device. The laser wavelength is set to 1064nm, the pulse width to 20ns, the laser spot diameter to 3mm, the laser pulse frequency to 5Hz, the laser energy to 10J, the number of impacts to 5 times / point, the spot overlap rate to 70%, the constraint layer to be a 1.2mm thick flowing deionized water layer, and the absorption layer to be a 0.1mm thick black polyester tape. After laser shock peening is completed, high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel material is obtained.

[0072] Comparative Example 3: This comparative example relates to a method for preparing a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material. The difference from Example 1 is that laser shock peening was not performed. Specifically:

[0073] Step 1: Under argon protection, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is heated to 1200℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min for homogenization treatment and held for 8 hours. After homogenization, it is cooled to 1050℃ and held for 90 minutes. After holding, it is hot rolled. The rough rolling temperature is set at 1000℃, the number of rough rolling passes is 4, and the total reduction rate of rough rolling is 60%. The finish rolling temperature is set at 900℃, the number of finish rolling passes is 6, and the total reduction rate of finish rolling is 50%. After hot rolling, it is cooled to room temperature by laminar water flow, and then heated to 1120℃ for solution treatment and held for 45 minutes. After solution treatment, it is water quenched and cooled to room temperature to obtain the high-nickel stainless steel matrix.

[0074] Step 2: Roughen the high-nickel stainless steel substrate by sandblasting with brown fused alumina, setting the sandblasting pressure to 0.6 MPa and the sandblasting rate to 3 min / m. 2 After sandblasting, the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone at 60℃ for 15 minutes and vacuum dried at 70℃ for 1 hour. Then, under argon protection, the dried high-nickel stainless steel substrate was placed in a laser cladding machine and preheated to 350℃. Laser cladding formed a transition layer. The cladding powder was a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5.5:3.5:1.5. The laser power density was 380 W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 11mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 27g / min, and the thickness of the bottom layer of the transition layer is 0.15mm.

[0075] Step 3: Continue cladding the formed transition layer on the bottom layer to form an intermediate transition layer. The intermediate layer cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 5:3:3. The laser power density is 420W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 23g / min, and the thickness of the intermediate layer of the transition layer is 0.10mm.

[0076] Step 4: Continue cladding the intermediate transition layer to form a surface transition layer. The surface cladding powder is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder, and tungsten carbide powder in a mass ratio of 4.5:1.5:4. The laser power density is 460W / mm². 2 The spot diameter is 2mm, the overlap rate is 45%, the scanning speed is 9mm / s, the powder feeding speed is 20g / min, and the thickness of the transition layer surface is 0.05mm.

[0077] Step 5: Continue cladding a high-hardness alloy layer onto the surface of the transition layer. The cladding powder for the high-hardness alloy layer is a mixture of 10Co4Cr tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder, and nano-titanium carbide-alumina composite powder in a mass ratio of 75:20:5. The laser power density is 510W / mm². 2 With a spot diameter of 2mm, an overlap rate of 45%, a scanning speed of 8mm / s, a powder feeding speed of 28g / min, and a high-hardness alloy layer thickness of 0.5mm, a high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material was obtained.

[0078] Testing experiment:

[0079] Yield strength test: The test was conducted in accordance with "Metallic materials, tensile testing - Part 1: Test at room temperature" (GB / T228.1-2021). The high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel materials prepared in each example and comparative example were processed into three standard cylindrical specimens (6 mm in diameter and 30 mm in gauge length). The specimens were clamped in the fixture of an electronic universal testing machine and preloaded to 1 kN to eliminate gaps. The tensile rate was set to 0.005 mm / s (elastic segment) → 0.05 mm / s (plastic segment), and the data acquisition frequency was set to 50 Hz. The instrument automatically recorded and generated the stress-strain curve of the stainless steel material. The stress corresponding to 0.2% residual deformation was taken as the yield strength of the corresponding stainless steel. The measurement was repeated three times and the average value was taken.

[0080] Hardness Testing: The testing was conducted according to "Metallic Materials - Vickers Hardness Testing - Part 1: Test Methods" (GB / T4340.1-2024). High-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel materials prepared in each example and comparative example were processed into samples of 15mm × 15mm × 6mm. The side of the sample to be tested was finely polished to a roughness Ra ≤ 0.1μm. The polished sample was fixed in the fixture of an automatic Vickers hardness tester. A diamond square pyramid indenter was aligned with the center point of the test location, and a load of 1kgf was applied for 15s. The instrument automatically measured the length of the diagonal indentation. Five points at different locations on the sample were selected for testing. The average value of the test results was taken to determine the Vickers hardness of the high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material.

[0081] Wear resistance test: The test was conducted using a dry sand rubber wheel friction and wear tester. First, the high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel materials prepared in each embodiment and comparative example were processed into samples of 25mm×75mm×10mm. The initial weight m of the sample was recorded. The sample was held in a clamp so that the friction test surface of the sample was parallel to the tangent of the rubber wheel. The load was set to 130N, the abrasive was quartz sand, the abrasive flow rate was 300g / min, and the rotation speed of the rubber wheel was 200rpm. The test was stopped when the rotation speed reached 5000r. The residual sand particles were blown away, the surface was cleaned with ethanol, and the sample was dried. The weight m1 of the sample after the calculation was recorded, and the wear rate of the high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material was calculated.

[0082] Corrosion resistance test: A corrosion test chamber was used for the test. First, the high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel materials prepared in each example and comparative example were processed into samples of 20mm×20mm×3mm. The initial weight m of the sample was recorded. A 6wt% ferric chloride solution (containing 0.05mol HCl) was added to the reflux tank of the test chamber. The sample was fixed in the ferric chloride solution with a PTFE clamp. The immersion depth of the sample was ≥20mm, and the sample was ≥10mm away from the liquid surface / bottom. The gas in the reflux tank was replaced with nitrogen and the reflux tank was sealed. The reflux tank was heated in a 40℃ water bath. Every 24h, a new 6wt% ferric chloride solution (containing 0.05mol HCl) was extracted and replaced. The test was completed after 72h. The sample was taken out, cleaned with 10wt% nitric acid solution, rinsed with deionized water, and vacuum dried at 60℃ for 4h. The weight m1 of the sample was weighed again, and the corrosion rate of the high-hardness, high-nickel stainless steel material was calculated.

[0083]

[0084] Conclusion: The test data shows that the yield strength and Vickers hardness of the high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel sample prepared in the example are higher than those of the high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel sample prepared in the comparative example, while the wear rate and corrosion rate are lower than those of the high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel sample prepared in the comparative example. This indicates that the high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel provided by the present invention has good yield strength, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0085] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of producing a high hardness high nickel stainless steel material, characterized by: Specifically, Step 1: weigh the high-nickel stainless steel raw material, melt and pour into a stainless steel ingot; Step 2: under the protection of argon, the high-nickel stainless steel ingot is subjected to homogenization treatment, hot rolling treatment and solid solution treatment to obtain a high-nickel stainless steel base body; Step 3: laser cladding treatment is performed on the surface of the high-nickel stainless steel base body to form a gradient transition alloy layer and a high-hardness alloy layer in sequence to obtain a high-hardness stainless steel; Step 4: the high-hardness stainless steel is treated by laser shock peening to obtain a high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel material. The gradient transition layer comprises a transition layer bottom layer, a transition layer middle layer and a transition layer outer layer; when the laser cladding is used to form the gradient transition layer, the cladding alloy powder used is a mixture of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder and tungsten carbide powder; when the laser cladding is used to form the transition layer bottom layer, the mass ratio of the nickel 60 alloy powder, the 316L stainless steel powder and the tungsten carbide powder is (5.5-6.5):(2.5-3.5):(0.5-1.5); the laser cladding parameters comprise: laser power density: 350-380 W / mm 2 , spot diameter: 1-3 mm, overlap rate: 45-55%, scanning speed: 11-13 mm / s, powder feeding speed: 23-27 g / min; the thickness of the transition layer bottom layer is 0.10-0.15 mm; The high-hardness alloy powder used in forming the high-hardness alloy layer is a mixture of 10 cobalt 4 chromium tungsten carbide powder, nickel 60 alloy powder and nano titanium carbide-aluminum oxide composite powder, with a mass ratio of (70-75):(15-25):(5-10); the process parameters for forming the high-hardness alloy layer include: laser power density: 500-510 W / mm 2 , spot diameter: 1-3 mm, overlap rate: 45-55%, scanning speed: 8-10 mm / s, powder feeding speed: 25-30 g / min; the thickness of the high-hardness alloy layer formed is 0.4-0.5 mm.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high hardness high nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the steps of: The high-nickel stainless steel ingot contains, by mass fraction: Cr: 18-18.5%, Ni: 15.3-15.7%, Cu: 2.8-3.2%, W: 1.8-2.2%, Mn: 1.0-1.5%, Al: 0.6-0.65%, Si: 0.56-0.60%, Nb: 0.3-0.7%, C: ≤0.03%, P: ≤0.01%, S: ≤0.01%, and the balance being iron. ​ 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the high hardness high nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the steps of: The preparation method of the high-nickel stainless steel ingot comprises the following steps: ​ 304 stainless steel, tungsten iron, niobium iron, copper ingot, electrolytic nickel plate and aluminum ingot were sequentially added into the crucible of vacuum induction furnace, vacuum was extracted to 3x10 -2 -5x10 -2 Pa, the temperature was increased to 1500-1550 °C at a rate of 15-20 °C / min, the alloy was melted for 15-20 min, the alloy liquid was obtained, the electromagnetic stirring was started at 8-10 Hz, the segregation was eliminated by stirring for 15-20 min, the aluminum wire and silicon aluminum barium calcium were added, the deoxidation was carried out by electromagnetic stirring at 6-8 Hz for 3-5 min, after the deoxidation was completed, the electrolytic manganese was added, the electrolytic nickel plate was supplemented in real time to control the nickel content to be 15.3-15.7 wt%, after the electromagnetic stirring was carried out at 8-10 Hz for 8-10 min, 0.3 MPa argon was filled for protection, the pouring temperature was controlled to be 1450-1500 °C, the pouring speed was 1.2 kg / s, after the pouring was completed, the high nickel stainless steel ingot was obtained by cooling and demolding.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the high hardness high nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the steps of: During the homogenization treatment, the process parameters include: heating rate: 10-15℃ / min, homogenization treatment temperature: 1150-1200℃, and holding time: 6-8h; during the hot rolling treatment, the process parameters include: rough rolling temperature: 1000-1050℃, rough rolling times: 3-4 passes, rough rolling total reduction: 45-60%, finish rolling temperature: 900-950℃, finish rolling times: 5-6 times, and finish rolling total reduction: 40-50%; during the solid solution treatment, the process parameters include: solid solution treatment temperature: 1100-1120℃, and holding time: 30-45min. ​ 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the high hardness high nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the steps of: When the transition layer interlayer is formed by laser cladding, the mass ratio of nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder and tungsten carbide powder is (5-6):(2-3):(2-3); the laser cladding parameters include: laser power density: 380-420 W / mm 2 , spot diameter: 1-3 mm, lap rate: 45-55%, scanning speed: 10-12 mm / s, powder feeding speed: 20-23 g / min; the thickness of the transition layer interlayer is 0.05-0.10 mm. ​ 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the high hardness high nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the steps of: When the transition layer surface layer is formed by laser cladding, the mass ratio of the cladding alloy powder is (4.5-5.5):(0.5-1.5):(3-4) for nickel 60 alloy powder, 316L stainless steel powder and tungsten carbide powder; the laser cladding parameters include: laser power density: 440-460 W / mm 2 , spot diameter: 1-3 mm, overlap rate: 45-55%, scanning speed: 9-11 mm / s, powder feeding speed: 16-20 g / min; the thickness of the transition layer surface layer is 0.03-0.05 mm. ​ 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the high hardness high nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the steps of: During the laser shock peening treatment, the process parameters include: laser wavelength: 1064nm, pulse width: 15-20ns, laser spot diameter: 2-4mm, laser pulse frequency: 3-5Hz, laser energy: 7-10J, impact times: 3-5 times per point, and spot overlap rate: 50-70%. The high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the preparation method in any one of claims 1-7. ​ 8. A high hardness high nickel stainless steel material, characterized by: The high-hardness high-nickel stainless steel material is prepared by the preparation method in any one of claims 1-7.

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